Module_5

MODULE 5

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ACCESSIBILITY

“An accessible interactive experience is an experience that works for
people. All people. Accessibility isn’t a boring list of standards–it’s a (not
so) revolutionary philosophy of inclusion. You’ve probably heard, “The
digital world belongs to everybody.” It’s up to all of us to make that
happen.”1

If there’s anything that’s become popular over the past few years, it’s
Artificial Intelligence. While blockchain still stays a secret to many, I
challenge you to discover an individual who doesn't have the foggiest idea
what artificial intelligence is and who hasn't at any rate considered the
suggestions it could have on our future. In spite of the quick pace of the
tech world, artificial intelligence has stood the trial of time and stays
perhaps the most sweltering popular expression.

Artificial intelligence in its literal sense means machine intelligence. It
provides answer to the question, “what if the computers behaved as
humans?” Human being is the most complicated species on earth. Their
habitat is constantly developing with time and same has led to many
advancements in the fields of technology and science to solve their
complicity such as vehicles, computers, smart gadgets etc.

1 Intuiface Quote Online, available at : https://www.intuiface.com/design-foraccessibility, (last accessed Nov 5,
2019).

Artificial intelligence (AI) simply means the simulation of human
intelligence in machines which are programmed in such a manner that they
think like humans and imitate their actions. The term may also denote any
machine which shows traits connected with a human mind such as learning
and problem-solving.

The technology AI lays a Positive impact in day to day life and has
simplified the way of living. Artificial Intelligence possess the ability to
vastly transform the manner in which human interact, not only with the
digital world but also with one another, through their work and through
other socioeconomic institutions, for better or for worse. The growth of
deep learning for AI has led to incredible developments in nearly all fields
of technology and holds incredible promises for the future. Better
healthcare, intelligent flying cars, driverless cars, improved access to
financial resources and more informed allocation of state resources are just
a few of what can be in the next decade.

Although AI has become well-known, many commercial AI systems are
not yet available to individual researchers nor the general public reason
being the deep knowledge of the systems needed to use them. AI
development has gone to a point where it ought to be an accessible
technology for one and all. AI’s real benefit is in democratizing the tech
experience and in delivering life-improving technology that benefits all.

The Indian legal sector has witnessed very less innovation in terms of
technology and lawyers these days are still comfortable and relying on the
methods and solutions that are prevailing since years. Artificial
intelligence can play a vital role in changing the way attorneys work and

the law is observed in India. Accuracy and precision, the qualities which
are found only in skilful lawyer can be found in abundance in AI. It helps
in real time review of the information with the help of predictive coding
tools and various other tools. AI due its accuracy and precision helps the
lawyers in building confidence while assisting their clients.

The Indian legal system is enormous and constantly changing and with the
help of AI, lawyers can get unmatched insight into the legal domain within
seconds. Presently to get legal research done a major number of man-hours
are required which considerably decreases the profit-making ability of a
law firm, but, with Artificial Intelligence the entire legal network can be
balanced. A research platform based on AI can get research done in
seconds and be it a law firm with numerous lawyers or single practising
lawyer, artificial intelligence can reduce the expenditure for legal research
and attaining uniform quality. It can provide lawyers with very effective
and advanced tools aiding lawyers to become better in advising clients or
litigating.

Artificial intelligence bridges the gap between the unstructured data of
case law and a lawyer's keen instinct. Algorithms can uncover new
patterns in case law and measure the impact of relevant factors on an
outcome. Instincts honed over the course of a long career can now be
quantified, and juniors don't need to wait years before being able to
develop their own instincts. Moreover, lawyers can now have unparalleled
visibility into the law and have access to the same information as their
opposition, no matter the size of the firm.

It's not likely that machines would ever replace lawyers, but with time it is
becoming clear that lawyers who will use artificial intelligence will
replace lawyers who don't.

A set of Indian legal tech start-ups such as SpotDraft, NearLaw,
CaseMine, Practice League, Pensieve etc are building applications that are
based on Natural Language Processing and introducing smart legal
research platforms which would enable law firms to go beyond basic,
keyword-based research, thus making it time efficient. Many legal start-
ups are rapidly growing in Artificial Intelligence research abilities, few of
them have their own AI research labs.

AI is capable of making the world further accessible for everyone and it
must do so. Today, AI is helping make the world a little safer and easier to
navigate for those who’ve been excluded from the full spectrum of
innovation. Tomorrow, while focusing on invention and accessibility, AI
may be creating a world of shared possibility and unlimited access.

5.1. THE RISE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

With the rise of Artificial Intelligence, we have seen a huge flood in the
number of individuals freezing that artificial intelligence will assume
control over the world, or that the entirety of our employments will be
cleared out. In any case, inquire about firm Gartner has anticipated that by
2020, AI will make a larger number of occupations than it wipes out.

Artificial Intelligence is the next boom that will propel our degenerating
society into a new era. Today nearly all machines are powered by
Synthetic Intelligence, albeit narrow ones.

Industry 4.0 is on the brim. It has already hit some sectors like automobile
industry, textile industry. We are now going to witness huge ups and
downs in the entire manufacturing industry.

As we shall discuss in the next chapter on ‘AI and Future of Work’,
Artificial Intelligence is here to stay and set to take jobs, but that is not the
part to focus on. In the previous decade too, many jobs were ousted due to
automation. The pinsetter in 9 balls, delivery payload in industry, packing
industry and many other jobs were hit. People were ousted from their jobs
and had to find new ones.

AI will create more jobs than it is set to eradicate. According to a report2,
while it is anticipated to clear out a sum of 1.8 million occupations, it's
additionally anticipated to make 2.3 million employments to supplant
them. Hence, at the present time, the principal challenge is figuring how
we can make AI open to those outside of enormous tech organizations.

5.2. WHY WE NEED TO MAKE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
MORE ACCESSIBLE TO ALL

Artificial Intelligence is without a doubt going to assume a colossal job
later on for our general public. In this manner, it's critical that it is made

2 Future of Work, FES, available at https://www.fes.org/201809-future-of-work-ai, (last accessed Feb 20, 2020).

progressively open to the overall population, and that more individuals
comprehend its more extensive employments.

Artificial Intelligence must not be controlled by the few ‘elite’
industrialists but must be made available to all. Proper dissemination of
knowledge would also encourage innovation and allow other people to
come forward.

There is a need to guarantee that moral strategies are pursued, controlling
the utilization of information with the assent of the user, with the goal that
where security issues or any trace of inclination happens (against a
individual with incapacities), it tends to be tended to at source. It is
additionally significant that straightforward calculations are utilized with
the goal that techniques can be checked and duplicated to guarantee a safe
ICT condition. This is especially significant when permitting simulated
intelligence fuelled assistive advancements access to controls and UIs.

As of late, there has been some anxiety about the way huge information,
machine/profound learning and the utilization of neural systems have
gotten known as "black boxes"3 inside frameworks. The yields have not
generally created anticipated outcomes what's more, forecasts or proposals
have not really helped clients.

Logical artificial intelligence is fundamental with the goal that remedies
can be made and results understood4. Where people need to utilize certain

3 The AI Black Box Explanation Problem, available at https://www.kdnuggets.com/2019/03/ai-black-box-
explanation-problem.html, last accessed Feb 20, 2020.
4 Doran, D., Schulz, S. and Besold, T.R., What does explainable AI really mean? A new conceptualization of
perspectives. 2017 arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.00794. Online (Accessed Feb 20, 2020) Available from:
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.00794.pdf

advancements instead of simply need to utilize them, there is a necessity to
have justifiable frameworks that idea as precise results as could be
expected under the circumstances and this applies over all the
accompanying segments.

At this moment, the openness of AI is constrained for the most part to
enormous enterprises with incredibly huge spending plans. There are a few
reasons why the present AI innovation makes prescient computer-based
intelligence so unpredictable, slow, and costly. To give some examples,
think about that information science PhDs are rare and costly, there is
restricted access to information, a model is required per expectation (this
can take roughly two months), and scale is constrained too.

The way things are it is just the biggest tech organizations that can bear to
spend the millions required to expand the intensity of foreseeing the future
to build their incomes. Therefore, rich organizations get more extravagant,
and different organizations. Be that as it may, as the innovation advances,
it will turn out to be progressively available to littler organizations.
Throughout the following scarcely any years, Google intends to make
Artificial Intelligence available to each business.

Where ICT administrations are provided, advanced openness is basic for
all. Numerous methods for portrayal and open cooperations with others
when utilizing ICT has progressively become increasingly accessible with
worked in assistive innovation (AT) choices, for example, console, mouse
and motion adjustments, amplification, screen perusing, shading changes
and discourse acknowledgment. Some office applications offer
programmed elective content for installed pictures utilizing artificial

intelligence picture acknowledgment. The propriety of the marks may in
any case should be checked, yet the time taken to roll out these
improvements has been impressively diminished.

Content explanation can be utilized where complex substance needs to
turn out to be 'anything but difficult to peruse' for example for individuals
with proficiency and learning difficulties5 and an expanding older
populace who are getting carefully increasingly capable yet may profit by
these affordances.

The kind of incapacities regularly referenced incorporate poor visual
keenness, dementia, stroke with aphasia, momentary memory and an
absence of focus, all prompting perusing what's more, composing troubles.
Common language preparing can help with spelling and linguistic
adjustments, while likewise offering programmed on-line interpretation for
those expecting to work in different dialects. Despite the fact that the
outcomes in certain dialects may not be flawless, manual online
rectifications can be offered, upgrading the AI procedure. Changing over
certain document configurations to ones that are open has likewise been
made conceivable by the utilization of cloud-based administrations joining
man-made intelligence with optical character acknowledgment (OCR)
frameworks permitting for better route and content to discourse yield.

5 IBM Content Clarifier, available at: https://www.ibm.com/able/content-clarifier.html, (Accessed Feb 20,
2020).

5.3. MEDIA PRESENTATION TO USER

Recordings, digital recordings, and spilling sound can be naturally
inscribed with transcripts utilizing progressively precise programmed
discourse acknowledgment and discourse to content characteristic
language systems. Be that as it may, the nature of the robotized yield can't
be destined to be 100% precise to be adequate, and institutionalized key
execution pointers still can't seem to be composed.

The equivalent is genuine when thinking about localisation and gesture-
based communications. In spite of the work being done to make an
interpretation of communicated in English into American Gesture based
communication with avatars6 and the working of a machine coherent
dataset of English Communication via gestures, there remain issues with
recordings where outward appearances and activities have been caught just
as the particular signs to create programmed translations7.

These potential outcomes are likewise being trialled with a few books
made accessible to hard of hearing kids by means of an application
utilizing OCR and avatars8 or by means of recordings utilizing a scope of
symbols for an explicitly mentioned spoken or message interpretations9
however more explore is required around there.

6 The American Sign Language Avatar Project at DePaul University 2018, available at: http://asl.cs.depaul.edu/,
(Accessed Feb 20, 2020).
7 University of Surrey ExTOL: End to End Translation of British Sign Language. 2018, available at:
https://cvssp.org/projects/extol/, (Accessed Feb 20, 2020).
8 Huawei Storysign across Europe, available at: https://consumer.huawei.com/uk/campaign/storysign/,
(Accessed Feb 20, 2020).
9 Simax signtime and simessenger, available at https://simax.media/?lang=en, (Accessed Jan 18, 2020).

5.4. BLOCKCHAIN PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS SOLUTIONS

With the ascent of blockchain innovation, organizations are finding better
approaches to make innovation increasingly open. Endor and Betoken are
just two or three instances of the new organizations that are springing up
inside the business in the push to make predictive analytics progressively
helpful and open for all.

The Betoken stage furnishes clients with forecasts dependent on swarm
knowledge. It rewards clients by enabling them to win cash precisely
foreseeing the result of certifiable occasions.

Endor, then again, is attempting to use this innovation so as to acquaint
another dimension to predictive analytics utilizing science. It plans to give
increasingly robotized, precise, and reasonable AI predictions for the both:
organizations and individuals the same. The stage enables its clients to
pose prescient inquiries and get exact outcomes rapidly, and without the
requirement for any third party. It very well may be thought of as "the
Google for predictive analysis."

The application will be open to everyone — from individual crypto holders
who need to discover which altcoins they ought to put resources into, to
organizations who are hoping to expand their active visitor clicking
percentage. It will likewise give new chances to open information
suppliers to transfer top-notch information to the stage, to motor suppliers
who are keen on incorporating the predictive engine, to application
designers who can manufacture predictive applications.

Predictive Analytics is turning into a perpetually significant piece of our
lives — and in light of current circumstances. It tends to be utilized by all
intents and purposes all organizations in some limit. Enormous enterprises
have been utilizing it to pick up influence for a decent scarcely any years
presently, so it's about time it turned out to be increasingly available to
littler organizations.

5.5. IMPORTANCE OF PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS

Predictive analytics is a tremendously significant field that can be utilized
inside any industry. Notwithstanding, it is especially imperative to the tech
business. Anticipating and breaking down future patterns successfully is
fundamental when making future business arrangements. Settling on an
inappropriate choice can have calamitous repercussions for associations.

It’s no surprise that huge Fortune 500 companies and tech giants and
investing millions into the sector.

Some examples of how predictive analytics can be utilized in industry
include:

• Providing in-depth customer insights

• Improving customer relationships

• Identifying issues in current business processes

• Improving supply chain management

At last, predictive analytics can be thought of as a 'guide' to improved
business. Furthermore, this is just the start. As it turns out to be
increasingly available throughout the following not many years, all things
considered, we will see an enormous increment in the quantity of
organizations using the intensity of predictive analytics to settle on better
business choices.

5.6. CONCLUSION

Designers, content makers and each one of those inside the ICT world
need to address the challenges experienced by minority gatherings and
artificial intelligence frequently flops in this undertaking. Information the
executives, AI including profound learning and neural systems, alongside
the entirety of their standards and estimations, should be straightforward.
The incorporation in the information assortment of any one who lies
outside what might be viewed as an ordinary go is basic and must be
believed to be set up.

There likewise should be lucidity with regards to the manner in which the
AI happens with a mindfulness that the more tangled the framework turns
into, the further away it will be from the first structure and
misrepresentations can create. "Individuals are mind boggling, multi-
dimensional and developing. Attempting to fit individuals into
classificatory boxes is very problematic,"10 but artificial intelligence
generally depends on design acknowledgment. So it is imperative to

10 Treviranus, J. 2018 If you want the best design, ask strangers to help, available at:
https://medium.com/ontariodigital/if-you-want-the-best-design-ask-strangers-to-helpe37bdb73567, (Accessed
Feb 20, 2020).

recollect in the realm of ICT and inability, as it is at present, the point is to
enlarge clients' aptitudes, not give artificial intelligence to supplant them.