BQS554 - BUILDING SERVICES II ASSIGNMENT 1

MULTI-STOREY
SMART BUILDING

ASSIGNMENT 1

Prepared By :

SYED MUHAMMAD DANIAL BIN SYED MOHD
MAHZAN (2021482942)
NURUL AMEERA AFIQA BINTI ZARIK
(2021621782)
MUHAMMAD ALIFF BIN YAAKOB (2021483206)
NORA AZIRAH BINTI OTHMAN (2021813604)
NURSYAFIQAH BT KHALIL KHUSAIRI
(2021832736)
MUHAMMAD ZAIM BIN ABDUL RA'OF
(2021832684)

BQS554 Prepared For :
Building
Services II SIR ABDUL HADI AHAMAD

TABLE OF CONTENT

Introduction 1

Case Study 2
Fire Protection System 3-12
Telecomunication 13-20

Special Services Installations 21-27

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

(HVAC) 28-34

Electrical Supply System 35-42

Conclusion 43

References 44-45

Introduction

A smart building is one that employs technology to
maximise resource efficiency while also providing a secure
and comfortable environment for its occupants. Smart
buildings can make use of a variety of existing technology
and are planned or modified in such a way that future
technological advancements can be integrated. Some of
the mechanisms and robots that may be utilised in a
smart building to control and optimise its performance
such as Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, building
management systems, artificial intelligence (AI) and
augmented reality.

Smart buildings go beyond merely turning things on and off. Smart buildings also
collect data on how and when a building is used as well as providing a real-time picture
of its status. Smart buildings can count the number of people in a building at any given
time and track that data over time by using networks of sensors and cameras. Solar
panels and geothermal heating systems are installed in certain smart buildings. It is
allowing them to generate their own power and heat. The electricity created by the
building can be used to power internal systems or supplied back into the electrical
grid, so reducing expenses. For example, smart glass and motorised shutters manage
the amount of solar energy that enters the structure with lowering costs even more.
Rainwater harvesting and grey water systems are also used in certain buildings to save
water.

Other than that, smart building has system that it has self-
learning skills. It is possible to learn by itself to follow the
daily schedule and make any adjustments as needed. This
will allow the control on the device to be more efficient by
doing work at certain times only and it also can save on
electricity consumption which can reduce electricity bills.
Security in smart building can also alert our device early if
there is any movement in the building during our absence
at the building.

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Case Study

For the case study, Mitraland Group Sdn Bhd
from Malaysia is preparing to introduce its
first smart houses with a focus on
ecologically friendly construction where the
residents of the house able to control all the
door, lighting and other services by using
application on their phones. The building
that made by Mitraland Group Sdn Bhd was
31-storey Andaman Residences serviced
apartment. This building is in Klang which is
next to the Shah Alam Expressway, West
Coast Railway Line and it is very close from
Johan Setia LRT station. Adaman Residences
come up on 7.88 acres of freehold land with
total of 327 units that range from 717 sq ft to
1128 sq ft. The main objectives of the building
are to create environment friendly and
energy efficient for the residents.

Propose Smart System

Based on the case study, our team want to propose a system
for multi-storey smart home which is located at Setia Alam. The
building name is Seri Jati Apartment and the client is Bandar
Setia Alam Sdn Bhd. The project is about 26 block of 10-storey
low medium cost apartments located within Setia Alam
Township in Shah Alam. Industrial building System (IBS) and
precast concrete panels were adopted as the structural system.
Other than that, rafts, pads and piled foundations were used on
cut and fill earth platforms. Our team will turn the apartment
into smart home consists of a few smart systems which is
telecomunication, fire protection system, special services
installations, HVAC and electrical supply system. The systems
are connected with latest technology of building services in
Malaysia such as sensor, smart application and devices. Smart
home is needed nowadays because it gives a lot of advantages
to the residents.

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MULTI-STOREY
SMART BUILDING

Fire Protection System

BQS554
Building
Services II

Page 3

Fire Protection System

1.0 Application & System

The objective of a fire protection system is to perform a specified
function. The purpose of this system is to maintain the temperature of a
building component's temperature below critical during a fire, as well as
to keep the fire in the origin fire compartment for a limited time. Passive
fire protection systems and active fire protection systems are the two
types of fire prevention systems.

1.Passive Fire Protection

Passive fire protection is a series of systems that compartmentalise a
building through fire-rated walls and floors, as well as structural
protection, preventing a fire from spreading quickly and protecting a
building structure for as long as possible, giving building occupants
enough time to evacuate. It's also an important part of the structure, fire
protection, and fire safety of a building. Fire-resistant walls, floors, and
doors, as well as dampers, help to compartmentalise the structure and
keep fire and smoke from spreading throughout the ductwork. This
system includes means of escape as well as smoke control.

2.Active Fire Protection

Active fire protection, in contrast to passive fire protection, can help to
contain fire, protect property, and save lives. It is defined by items or
systems that involve a specific level of motion and response in order to
function. It can be controlled manually or automatically in this case. The
usage of a fire extinguisher is included in the manual and a fire sprinkler
system is one example of automatic system. Automatic suppression
systems are common in large commercial buildings and other high-risk
areas.

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Fire Protection System

2.0 Wireless Fire Alarm System

A properly designed, installed, operated, and maintained fire alarm
system can reduce the losses associated with an unwanted fire in any
building. These losses include property and, more importantly, human
life. The primary motivation for fire alarm system provides early
notification to building occupants so they can exit the building, and to
notify the fire service so it can respond to the fire. Fire detection can
occur by using any device that responds to conditions caused by fire.
The most common by products of fire are heat, smoke, flames, and fire
gases.
The warning signal from the alarm itself may be loud siren/bell, a
flashing light, or a combination of the two. Certain fire alarm systems
have extra warnings such as voice message or a phone call. In addition,
they can have speaker strobes that sound an alarm that play a voice
evacuation message warning to occupants to not use any elevators and
lifts. Nowadays, the majority of fire alarms are wireless. The more
modern models incorporate intelligent technology and may be
incorporated into a smart home via a variety of software programs.

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Fire Protection System

2.1 How its functioning?

Modern fire alarm systems rely on automatic mechanisms to detect the
onset of an incident that could result in a fire. They automatically
convey a signal received from a fire sensor (smoke, heat or carbon
monoxide detector) to the fire alarm panel. Wireless systems utilise
radio frequency to convey the signal from the detectors to the control
panel. Heat detectors often incorporate thermistors to detect heat.
Carbon monoxide detectors trace the gas using integrated chemical
electrochemical, optochemical, or biomimetic cells.

Smoke detectors detect smoke or combustion particles by
photoelectricity or ionisation. Integrated detectors employ a variety of
detection techniques. The fire alarm panel activates the flashers or
sounders, activates the sprinklers, or contacts the authorities or the
building’s residents. If the alarm system is addressable, the control
panel will display the source of the incidence. Users on separate floors
or in connected buildings can be warned in a variety of methods,
including by horns and loudspeaker messages instructing on proper
departmental action.

2.2 Installation

A wireless fire alarm system is less expensive because it doesn’t need
to be wired and doesn’t have to shut down the building for hours, but the
hardware costs a lot more when the batteries need to be changed and
when they need to be maintained.

This system is installed in the escape corridor, stairs, and car park
area. It alerts and evacuates people from the building and it gets alerts
from an emergency detection system and gets audio messages from
emergency microphones.

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Fire Protection System

3.0 Smart Smoke Detector

Similar to conventional smoke detectors, smart smoke detector’s
function. When smoke or fire is discovered, they sound an alarm to give
residents as much time as possible to escape in the event of a fire. The
benefit of smart smoke detectors is that, even while you are not at
home, they can send an alert to your phone when the alarm is triggered.
Furthermore, smart smoke detectors can alert users if the battery is low
or if there is a problem with the device's sensors.

Smart smoke detectors include self-testing capabilities that keep
track of battery life and sensor performance and notify the user via
phone if there is an issue. The majority of smart smoke detectors also
contain carbon monoxide detection.

The home automation system's capabilities and sensors can be
used by the smart detector to detect heat or light much more quickly if it
is integrated with it.

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Fire Protection System

3.1 How its functioning?

To understand how smart smoke detectors work, consider them to be
Wi-Fi enabled smoke detectors. When an alarm is triggered, the smart
smoke detectors can connect via Wi-Fi or another form or wireless
communication to a smart home hub and a smartphone app.

If residents have multiple smart smoke detectors that are synced,
even if only one is triggered, all of them should sound an alarm.
Additionally, the notification from the smart home hub can assist us in
determining which alarm was triggered. Moreover, if residents are away
from home and receive a concerning notification, they can immediately
contact emergency services, potentially avoiding serious damage. An
internet connection is required for the majority of smart devices.

3.2 Installation

The typical installation procedure for smart smoke detectors varies
according to their battery-powered or hard-wired nature. The simplest to
install are battery-powered smart smoke detectors, which can be
mounted on any wall or ceiling.
If we are installing multiples, it is best to insert the batteries, test them,
and pair them prior to mounting them on the wall. To install hard-wired
smart smoke detectors, occupants must turn off of the power to their
home at the breaker box and then follow the instructions for connecting
smart detectors.

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Fire Protection System

4.0 Benefits

Economical In the long term, fire protection systems can
Self-monitoring save money. For example, a fire that disrupts
a large operation for an extended period of
system time could be costly. If the systems do not
Ease of function properly, equipment may need to be
Installation replaced, and valuable contracts may be lost.
Save lives
No human intervention is required because
Reduce risk of the fire protection system also detects
damages smoke using sensors. With no human
monitoring required, the system can provide
a warning that there is fire even if no one is in
the building.

The installation of this system is simple and
straightforward because it can be selected
depending on the suitability of the building.

A High-quality, advanced fire detection and
alarm system will be able to warn building
occupants when a fire starting and where the
fire is located within the building. It saves
lives by alerting building occupants to
emergencies, allowing them to escape.

It can reduce the number of damages by
shortening the response times by alerting the
appropriate occupant to distinguish a fire.
The results can lessen the damage to the
property. Sprinklers also can be linked which
will respond automatically.

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Fire Protection System

5.0 Problems and Solutions

Problems Solutions

System’s Regular checks, periodic servicing, and
malfunction maintenance are required regardless of the
size of the building. Defected items should
Lack of be replaced immediately to avoid any issues
maintenance in the future.
and inspection
Detail maintenance is required to ensure that
Not user- the fire protection system is in a good
friendly condition. Regular inspection for each fire
detection device is required so that
False fire everything is still intact and it appears to be
alarm operational.

Improper Ensure that all types of firefighting
installation equipment and systems such as control
panels must be easily accessible. Provide
adequate means of escape and outline clear
pathways to the exit door.

Sensitivity levels of the system should be
evaluated and monitored because
hypersensitivity is a common cause of false
alarms.

System that has been installed should be
double check by the authorities. Installation
process must follow the guideline from
building regulations and requirements.

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Fire Protection System

6.0 Space Implications

Fire Alarm Systems

A fire alarm systems should be installed on the wall to guarantee
that it is audible to all occupants. The fire alarm should be heard and
distinct, allowing for a controlled evacuation of the building into a
designated safe place. Depending on the size of the structure, the
fire alarm system designer will determine if a staged or phased
evacuation is required. Therefore, electrical installations are not
disrupted by fire alarms but can be powered by the main electricity
supply. In the event of a power failure, the system automatically
changes to the backup power supply, which is comprised of a fire
alarm battery.

Smart Smoke Detector

The area designated for the installation of smoke detector alarms
should be restricted to the ceiling area. Smoke alarms that installed
in the basement should be mounted on the ceiling below the stairwell
leading to the next floor. To reduce false alerts when cooking, smoke
alarms should be placed at least 3 metres away from cooking
appliances. Moreover, smoke detectors should be installed 3 feet
away from ceiling fan to avoid interfering with the fan’s installation.

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Fire Protection System

7.0 Building Regulations

In order to ensure the health and safety of individuals who enter or are
near a building, building laws define criteria for the design and
construction of buildings. In addition, they provide specifications for the
provision of facilities for individuals, including those with disabilities, to
access and move about inside buildings. In terms of fire safety, these
include access points and facilities for the fire and rescue services,
means of escape, early warning systems, and fire spread. The main
objective of fire safety regulations is to minimize the fire-response of
materials and equipment used in a variety of living surroundings, including
homes, buildings, furniture, electronics, and other household items.
UBBL 1998 PART VIII (ACTIVE)
All active fire systems must be implemented in accordance with UBBL
1998 Part VIII regulations. Smart smoke detectors and fire alarm systems
are applied as active fire systems. A floor in a structure taller than 30
metres must be made into a compartment floor under UBBL 1998 Part
VIII. Smoke detectors must also be installed in every lift lobby. Sections
153 and 225, which mandate their placement on the ceiling level of each
floor's elevator lobbies, are the criterion by which all fire detection
systems must be built.

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MULTI-STOREY
SMART BUILDING

TELECOMUNICATION

BQS554
Building
Services II

Page 13

TELECOMUNICATION

IP VIDEO INTERCOM SYSTEM

1.0 Application and System

What is Intercom System?
Intercom is a voice communication technique that
allows people from various parts of a building, ship,
aeroplane, or other location to communicate with one
other as long as they are within the set range. Intercom
is the result of combining the terms "inter" and "com."
The term 'inter' refers to how the units represented
interact with one another. The term 'communication'
refers to the transmission of information. The intercom
and video capture system may be used to communicate
with visitors at the front entrance, from the gate to the
house's primary monitoring system, and from room to
room. The project's benefits include the ability for two
people to communicate from one location in the house
to another, increased security to make our lives easier,
and the ability for users on both ends of the video
capture system to determine the identities of their
respondent through visual recognition. (Omar, M. H., &
Ahmed, M. A., 2005).

What is Apartment IP Video Intercom System?
Residents that lives in a multi-tenant apartment
building need a way for their properties to be protect.
Visitors and delivery drivers also need to be taken
notes to have them enter the building without lessen
the security for every other tenant. This apartment
building intercom system makes an efficient system
with the residents gets to identify the visitors when
the visitors make request of an access to go inside
the building. Intercom communications can be
supported in houses and apartments that have a local
or wide area IP network (LAN or WAN) installed
throughout the building. An IP multi-tenant intercom
system can provide a dependable service to a large
number of users. Most LANs and WANs are fast
enough and large enough to accommodate an IP
video intercom system for apartment buildings, which
has more demanding requirements.

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TELECOMUNICATION
IP VIDEO INTERCOM SYSTEM
2.0 Building Service Function

Security
The most important function of a multi-unit intercom system is to
protect the safety and security of all tenants. An unauthorized
intruder poses a threat, not just to the tenant they initially contact,
but to all residents of the building. A multi-family intercom system
must give each tenant the means to accurately validate the identity
of a visitor or delivery driver, and that makes apartment intercom
systems with video the better choice.




Mobile Application
IP Video Intercom System have features where there are monitor
in the house to keep view and monitor the outside of the building.
As the technology move forward fast and the usage of
application on the smartphones are high, there are other feature
on this IP video intercom system that allow the monitor to be
monitored by using the smartphone application so that the lobby
camera can still be monitor when the residents are not at home
and going outside but have to make sure that they still have
internet or mobile data to have the application to run.

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TELECOMUNICATION

IP VIDEO INTERCOM SYSTEM
3.0 Installation Process

Installation process for IP video intercom system
Step 1: Preparing devices
Prepare all of the device needed for the intercom which is the lobby
station, door station, the room monitor and the control box with
necessary connection like screw and so on.
Step 2: Installing the power supply
Install the power supply unit and must consider the required items, the
installation location and to make sure to install the power supply by
following either mounting on DIN rail or to attach it directly to a wall.
Step 3: Installing the lobby station
Install the lobby station and need to consider the location to fix the
station and not to places that always vibration, impact, place that are
high concentration of dust, excessive smoke, direct sunlight, and while
installing need to make sure the position of the lobby station and
camera range is in good position of the camera to screen the people
who are standing. Connect the wires and cables of the station with
power supply. Adjust the camera lens angle of the station.




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TELECOMUNICATION
IP VIDEO INTERCOM SYSTEM
3.0 Installation Process

Step 4: Wiring schematic

Connect all the wire as shown in the
diagram.

Step 5: Connecting other devices

Connecting all the electric locks,
access controllers, open door
sensors, and SIP phones.

Step 6: Installing Door station

Installing the door station devices on
the houses doors unit and connected
it with all other devices.
4.0 Benefits
Step 7: Installing monitor
Higher Security for
Residents
Installing the monitor inside
the houses and make sure
all of the wiring are IP video intercom system give more security
connected. toward the multi-tenant residents building as the
access will be easier for the people that lives in
the building but with the system it does limit the
Step 8: Setting up the accessibility for people who did not live in the
devices same building though as it helps for security it

still make it easier for visitor to get inside with the
Make sure all of the devices fast connection with all of the house. It would be
are all well connected and a risk to have a building that just let anyone to
the wiring is in good enter inside. By only voice intercom system,
condition and position so people could fake out the voice structure and we
that it can be open to set up cannot see the person who are really about to
all of the house information. enter inside the house. So, video intercom let
people do have double check with the voice and
the face of the person so that they can make the
decision on to allow access for them or to ignore
and decline their request of entering.

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TELECOMUNICATION
IP VIDEO INTERCOM SYSTEM
4.0 Benefits

Visitor Recording
For video intercom system, other than it gives permission to see the
person waiting for access, there are recording that can be set. It will be
a helpful features when we were not home or when we do not have data
to see from the application, the monitor from inside the house can save
the recording footage of people who went to the building and rang the
house without knowing there were no one in the house.

Resident to Resident
Intercom system act to make an easy access and communication from
the lobby to every resident home for the whole building residents. This
system where it is connected to the same building, every single house
inside the building would have the same monitor, which they can easily
know the people that trying to meet them. This intercom system have
other benefit where the resident themselves can communicate with one
another easily. Similar with the function on applying an access from the
lobby, they could use the intercom system by inserting the neighbour
home number if they want to communicate with each other.

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TELECOMUNICATION

IP VIDEO INTERCOM SYSTEM

5.0 Problems and Solution

Problem Solution

No Power Supply To check the power cord
Having no power which is connection to make sure and have
occasionally the power supply to the a confirmation that there are power
intercom rather than the electrical form the outlet. Make sure that the
wiring. The static mentioned above is power supply does meets or exceed
one of the most common signs that the current rating of the powering
the power source is failing, but you for the device.
could also hear some buzzing. Before
the intercom's power source runs
entirely out, you will usually get a
warning. With that, the intercom
system can die completely because of
the power supply that could go out
without any warning.

Humming Noise To seek people in charge faster to
Humming noises may be bothersome fix the wiring of the intercom
as well. When anyone tries to utilise systems. Need to alert as soon as
the system, it usually produces a the noise start so that any bigger
buzzing sound. The humming sound problem could be avoided and so
is almost often produced by poor that the can cut cost of money to
wiring in the intercom system. Faulty only fix the wiring only.
wiring might put the intercom system
and the building where it's installed in
risk. If the wiring isn't rectified, the
intercom system may become
useless, and the building or dwelling
may potentially catch fire. Ignoring the
buzzing isn't worth the danger.

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TELECOMUNICATION
IP VIDEO INTERCOM SYSTEM

5.0 Problems and Solution

Problem Solution
Have to check the Door Station’s
No Live Video cable, Indoor Monitor's cable and
The live video features sometimes the connections for both cable.
can suddenly not functioning which Make sure that all of the cable and
the monitor could not show any live connection is in good condition
video when someone is there to ask without any disturbance on them.
for access and could only supply the
audio connection only. This is because of the system are
Intercom restarts or goes black under voltage, so the power volt
when accepting a call, or dialing need to be check and increase to
out it suitable range of power.
An unexpected situation where the
intercom suddenly restarts or goes
black when dialing other residents out
or when accepting a call from lobby or
door station can happen.

6.0 Case Study
IP Video Intercom System is widely use at other countries
such as Japan, Germany. Switzerland, Turkey, United State
and more. It is shows that the usage of this system is high
as it does really help ease the process at home. Nowadays,
in Malaysia, there are more multi-storey building that use
this system and makes lots of convenience toward the
residents in the building. The building that use the IP
intercom system is Encorp Marina Puteri Harbour, Johor,
Malaysia. This building is an apartment building with some
tenant makes their house to be a private apartment to stay
for people who wants to go for vacation. Every unit house
have monitor connection with the lobby station with the
security so that access can easily done for the resident.

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MULTI-STOREY
SMART BUILDING

Special Services
Installations

BQS554
Building
Services II

Page 21

Special Services
Installations

Building Automation System (BAS)

1.0 Application and System

A building automation system (BAS) is an intelligent
system of both hardware and software, connecting
heating, venting and air conditioning system
(HVAC), lighting, security, and other systems to
communicate on a single platform. This way the
automation system is delivering you crucial
information on the operational performance of a
building as well as enhancing the safety and
comfort of the occupants.

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Special Services
Installations

Building Automation System (BAS)

2.0 Installation process

Building automation installation integrates operations
under a single, easy-to-use ecosystem allowing you to
monitor and manage system functions for your single
building or a worldwide network of facilities.

After the design phase is completed, we will begin
implementing your new building automation system at
your facility. The control panels will be fabricated at our
location and brought to your building for installation. Our
team will perform the installation and integration
throughout the building and setup the required systems
and software.

Throughout the installation process, our project
management and communication will be crucial to a
successful building automation system installation. You
will be in direct contact with our engineers and a project
manager throughout the process.

Upon completion of the building automation system
installation, we will provide a complete set of
documentation on the system. This includes wiring
diagrams, sequence of operations, control panel
component lists and much more.

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Special Services
Installations

Building Automation System (BAS)

3.0 Benefits

Lowers utility costs
Maintains measured comfort
Enhances property value
Reduces occupant complaints
Increased Productivity
Simplifies building operation
Reduces maintenance costs
Avoids business interruptions
Great investment

4.0 Problems

The initial investment can be costly.
Employee resistance to change.
The need for regular maintenance.
It requires extensive research.
Security concerns.

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Special Services
Installations

Building Automation System (BAS)

5.0 Each building service functions including the
connections and positions of the different parts
of equipment

Sets up lighting and HVAC systems to operate on an
intelligent/efficient schedule
Tells when HVAC is running both heating and cooling,
to reduce utility costs.
Identifies who and when someone is entering and
leaving a building
Coordinates components and facilities to work
together for greater efficiency
Senses emergencies and turns off facilities that could
endanger occupants
Alerts cameras, records activity, sends alarm and data
to a security team
Optimizes incoming air flow to regulate air quality,
temperature, and comfort
Detects problems (elevator stuck with people inside)
and sends an alert

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Special Services
Installations

Building Automation System (BAS)

6.0 The Principles and Systems

Control system must first and foremost provide effective and
reliable control, commensurate with the systems it is
controlling. Obviously, the types, complexities and the
criticalities of the systems being controlled will dictate the
quality/power of the control system that should be applied to
them. The ultimate quality of the control system is primarily
dictated by the components that sense, execute logic for
actuate and document the systems they are controlling.

The manufacturer and installer must be highly qualified
with extensive experience and must be committed and bound
to thorough Commissioning. While the control system
power/quality is very important, equally or more important is
the expertise and commitment of the installing contractor and
their collaboration with the overall commissioning team.
Qualifications should ensure that a quality contractor with an
extensive proven track record is specified and that effective,
thorough commissioning of the control systems by that
contractor whether or not a formal commissioning process is
employed is essential. Given this, there lies a challenge to the
designer to fairly restrict installers to those that can deliver
effectively within the context of both the construction and the
service/support arenas.

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Special Services
Installations

Building Automation System (BAS)

6.0 The Principles and Systems

Control installation must be fully documented as consistently as practical with
nothing required to fully operate and maintain the system withheld. Point
naming conventions, programming logic, network configuration requirements,
security information, etc. must be strictly adhered to and totally documented.
No element for the continued operation and maintenance of the control system
may be withheld in any way. No part of the installation may be considered
confidential or proprietary information. This specification requires applicable
documentation throughout. These requirements are not optional; however,
certain documents are only applicable for certain approaches.

Specify sequence of operations logic. The designer must specify the logic
of equipment sequences of operations. Often sequences of operations are
specified only in general, and often ambiguous, terms, with much of the
sequence left to the contractor’s programmer. The programmers should not be
put in the position of having to complete the engineer’s sequence, and often
resort to sequences which are not optimal for the particular building. Therefore,
logic diagrams must be included in design documents. If the project is being
done using a design-build methodology, then the design-builder must submit
logic diagrams as a design submittal in advance of programming.

Require sufficient instrumentation which is the designer must require
instrumentation to support both the sequence of operations, and the data
acquisition capability to support equipment performance monitoring and
building diagnostics analysis. A listing generally establishing minimum
instrumentation requirements is included with the specifications. This identifies
minimum instrumentation for common types of system. The designer is
responsible for requiring additional instrumentation as necessary to support the
sequence of operations, or to supplement data acquisition capabilities when the
nature of the equipment or systems to be installed makes this sensible.
Additional higher end devices shall be specified for control of critical systems or
areas in the facility.

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MULTI-STOREY
SMART BUILDING

Heating, ventilation
and air conditioning

(HVAC)

BQS554
Building
Services II

Page 28

Heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC)

HVAC systems are complex structures, made up of coolers, heat pumps, heating
or cooling coils, boilers, air-handling units, fans, pumps, thermal storage systems,
and liquid or air distribution systems. Deployed sensors and actuators allow the
regulation of the controllable variables, such as indoor temperature, humidity, fluid
pressure flowing throughout the pipes, chilled or heated water temperature, or air
fan speed. The system is difficult to model due to its dynamic and nonlinear
nature. With this, we propose the autonomic cycle of data analysis tack (ACODAT)
for the solution in our multi-story smart building.

1.0 What is an autonomic cycle of data analysis tasks (ACODAT)

Early shortcoming discoveries and finding in heating, ventilation, and cooling
(HVAC) frameworks might lessen the harm to gear, work on the dependability and
wellbeing of savvy structures, producing social and monetary advantages.
Information models for issue identification and determination are progressively
utilized for separating information in administrative errands. In this part, we
propose an autonomic cycle of data analysis task (ACODAT) for the management
of the structure's HVAC system. Information examination errands consolidate
information-digging models for removing information from the framework
observing, breaking down unusual circumstances, and consequently
distinguishing and making restorative moves.
Focusing on the structure benefits, the HVAC system is the most polishing off one,
as it works with boilers, coolers, air-taking care of units, cooling pinnacles, or water
siphons. A brilliant structure requires consequently to carefully change the HVAC's
functional modes to save energy. Robotization and streamlining have been applied
for a really long time in this field. In view of the autonomic cycle of data analysis
task (ACODAT) idea, prompting further developing energy productivity and
lessening costs. This administration framework accumulates the information read
from the framework and climate sensors and directs the regulators, following the
multi-HVAC model expectations.

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Heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC)

2.0 The Building Service Function

ACODAT is decision-making oriented, and its tasks work together to achieve the
objective of the supervised process. The tasks have different roles in the
autonomous cycle, such as observing the process, analyzing, and interpreting the
events, and making decisions to reach the objective for which the cycle was
designed. This cycled solution allows for solving complex problems in real-time.

2.1 Application, System and Definition

Monitoring Analysis Decision-
making
•Tasks in charge of Tasks in charge of
observing the supervised interpreting, understanding, •Tasks in charge of
system. They capture and diagnosing what is defining and implementing
data and information happening in the monitored the necessary actions
about the behavior of the system. These tasks use based on the previous
system. In addition, they building knowledge models analysis, to improve the
are responsible for the of observed dynamics and performance, and detect
preparation of the data behaviors, to understand failures, among other
for the next steps (pre- what is happening in the things, in the supervised
processing, selecting the system. system
relevant features, etc.).

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Heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC)

3.0 Installation System

Size the system properly

•The contractor should use the calculations developed by the Air
Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA). The technician lays out how to
calculate the proper size of the new unit based on the home’s square
footage and layout

Install new ductwork or seal and insulate the old

•If you have old ductwork, you may need partial replacement when you
upgrade the A/C. If the ductwork is relatively new, the contractor should
inspect it, make any repairs necessary, then seal and insulate it. This will
keep the cool air inside the ductwork and prevent leaking into the attic or
crawl space

Placing the indoor unit

•Next, the indoor evaporator unit goes into place. It is hooked to the ducts,
connects to a drain line for condensate drainage, and links to the coolant line
that will go outside to the condenser unit.

Placing the condenser unit

•The outdoor cabinet that houses the condenser coil and the compressor is
placed and secured to a solid foundation. The coolant and power lines
connect to it.

Electrical systems check

•The installers inspect all the electrical connections. Because air
conditioners use a great deal of power to run the compressor, they need to
be checked to make sure they will not cause tripped circuit breakers.

Adjust airflow to ensure all rooms are getting adequate cooling

•The air conditioner’s manufacturer provides airflow specifications. The
contractor should choose the appropriate specs based on the house size
and configuration. Then, he should test each room for adequate airflow.

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Heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC)

3.0 Installation System

Verify refrigerant levels are within the manufacturer's specification

•Before turning the system on for the first time, the HVAC contractor should
verify that the refrigerant is fully charged. If it’s below-recommended levels,
the air conditioner won’t cool properly, and it will drive up cooling costs.

Full system check

•Now that the complete air conditioner is hooked up and charged with
refrigerant, the installers run the AC and check on airflow, cooling power, and
thermostat control.

4.0 Benefits

1.The architecture has evolved 4.Particularly, it can work with
from closed and stand-alone to multiple data models, like
an open and networked ontologies, cognitive maps, etc.
paradigm with more efficient It runs on a single platform that
remote procedures, providing integrates the necessary tools
intelligence and analytics, required for the tasks to
becoming a cloud-based and process the information. Some
multi-sourced architecture. of these tools are data mining,
2.These tasks impact the semantic mining, or linked data.
dynamics of the system to 5.The supervisory scheme is
improve it. The effects of these capable to detect faults and
tasks are again evaluated in the degradations in the HVAC
monitoring and analysis steps, subsystems and notify the
restarting a new iteration of the diagnosis of unknown events.
cycle. The ACODAT tasks are based
3.An ACODAT has a on several ML techniques that
multidimensional data model work together with common
that works with the data goals—failure detection and
collected from different diagnosis- that is autonomously
sources, to characterize the achieved
behavior of the context and
transform it into knowledge.

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Heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC)

5.0 Problems and Solutions
Problem - Failure's origin identification possible causes

Solution

·This task extracts the knowledge for ·The accuracy is defined as the
failure detection, for which it uses ratio between the correct
classification and prediction models. predictions over all the
· It is also for the task in the real-time observations, while the error is the
analysis of the variables’ behavior mean squared error (MSE)
and detects when they deviate from between the observed values and
the stipulated normal ranges, their corresponding estimations
identifying hence immediately the produced by the model.
potential faults. ·This section describes the task
·It raises alarms or alerts triggered by with the role in the ACODAT-based
abnormal-tagged situations in the supervision system of
subsystems, such as an excess of interpretation and analysis of the
energy consumption, failures, and information from the supervised
outliers, among other situations. process.
Alarms simply warn about
something, while alerts not only warn,
but also request further surveillance
on something.

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Heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC)

6.0 Case Study

Figure: Teatro Real of Madrid

The proposed concept is proven with a real case. The experiment works with
actual data obtained from the BMS controlling the HVAC systems of the Teatro
Real (Royal Theatre) in Madrid. The building is used from September to July,
requiring heating in the winter and cooling in the summer season. The HVAC
system has had multiple HVAC systems deployed for decades. Particularly, in
previous work has been introduced the autonomous management architecture of
the multi-HVAC model based on ACODAT that sear to optimize the configuration
of the HVAC subsystems in each moment to improve the energy efficiency and
costs, and other work proposes a fuzzy-based control method for HVAC, which can
be incorporated in the management system. The multi-HVAC system is supervised
and operated with a commercial BMS that reads the temperatures from the
sensors located all around and sets the instructions for the actuators for
regulating the water or the air flow rates and the fluid temperature. The ACODAT-
based supervisory system used in this experiment the historical data in the BMS
database to capture value deviations in the HVAC system components, such as
the performance degradation of each subsystem. The ACODAT does not require
different training sessions because the data analysis tasks can implement
continuous learning that could be discretionally calibrated with mid-term context-
based information, such as seasonal ones.

Page 34

MULTI-STOREY
SMART BUILDING

Electrical Supply
System

BQS554
Building
Services II

Page 35

Electrical Supply System
Electricity Usage Monitor (EUM)
1.0 Application and System

What is Electricity Usage Monitor (EUM)?
A popular device used to track electricity consumption whether monthly,
weekly or daily. It provides information on the movement of electrical power
inside the building where this device is installed and can detect equipment
that sucks up a lot of electricity consumption. It's a device connected to a
power cable that's connected to an electricity meter.
What is Energy Monitors?
It is a process to monitor the use of energy used either for individual items or
the entire building. Energy saving will result as there is control over its use. In
the absence of any monitoring, we cannot detect where the increase in
electricity bills is used.
For the monitoring of the entire building it is a monitor that will be installed
on the main panel in the house and the user can see all the circuits through
the main supply. It can also detect the tools used in the building through the
installed monitoring system. While for the monitoring of a particular device,
it will provide in detail about the device on which the monitor is installed and
the data will be clearly provided on the consumption of electrical energy.

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Electrical Supply System
Electricity Usage Monitor (EUM)
2.0 Building Service Function

Mobile apps and notifications
Electricity Usage Monitor technology is one of the
technologies that uses mobile apps. From this
application we will be able to find out how much
electrical energy we have used. In addition, in this
application will also show the formation of graphs
for each history of the use of power that has been
used. If the user wants detailed data, the user can
request the installation of an EUM with a smart
power meter, that is, the user will continue to
obtain data for the use of electrical power for
each hour through the website provided.

Solar ready monitor options
Monitors for this EUM technology have many
varieties. There are also monitors that are
specially used to detect solar usage for a building.
As we know, there are also houses that use solar
technology then there is also EUM technology that
detects as much energy consumption through
that solar.

Appliance recognition
This EUM technology can detect the use of every
tool in the house. Among them are TVs, cool
crates, bread burners and more. Each equipment
has its own way of using electricity, therefore
EUM will assess the use of power for each tool
that can be threatened and report it.

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Electrical Supply System
Electricity Usage Monitor (EUM)
3.0 Installation Process

How to install one of the Electricity
Usage Monitor technologies, namely the
Sense Energy Monitor:
1.Turn off power and open panel
Before starting, it is necessary to turn off
the power first. But keep in mind even if
it has been turned off but the power in
the main service is still live so it is
necessary to be careful. Next remove the
screws that are on the cover panel to
open the panel.
2.Install the monitor
Next, after the cover panel has been
opened, place the monitor into the panel
space. However, if there is no room to
put, it is okay to use an external
mounting bracket to place the monitor.
3.Install the antenna and insert cables
Furthermore, the antenna needs to be installed outside, therefore it is
necessary to remove one hole in the panel to insert the antenna wire and
the cable antenna will be screwed to the monitor. Next, install the cable
sensor in the outermost port on the monitor and also the port for the cable
solar sensor.
4.Clamp the sensors and connect the power cables.
Around the two main service sensors will be clamped with a current sensor,
after which the monitor will function to calculate the power of use. Then,
the connection to the power cable, here the electrician will install a 240-volt
breaker into the panel according to the volt requirements for the monitor
installed.

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Electrical Supply System
Electricity Usage Monitor (EUM)
3.0 Installation Process

5.Close the panel and turn on the power
After that, only then close the opened panel again, then turn on turn on
turn on the power until there is sound. If there is no sound it means that
the monitor still does not connect. Electricians need to double-check the
installed power cable whether it is correct or not.
6.Install the app
Finally, users can install monitor apps such as the Sense app. It follows
what brand is installed on your panel. Download the app is free of charge
and will auto connect with the monitor after the user signs in.

4.0 Benefits of the technology

Tracking energy consumption

The use of EUM technology helps in detecting and monitoring every
electricity consumption in a building. It can be monitored through web
portals as well as in-house displays. Thus, the user will be able to track as
much electricity consumption in a certain time. In addition, this
technology can also alert consumers through messages about excessive
consumption of electrical energy.

Page 39

Electrical Supply System
Electricity Usage Monitor (EUM)
4.0 Benefits of the technology

Lower electricity bills
When the consumption of electric power can be detected. Thus, the
consumer can find out what power consumption for the goods
contributes to the increase in electricity bills, so the consumer can
control the consumption of the goods and can reduce the electricity
bill.
Household monitors and individual appliance monitors
EUM technology has various types, including monitors for individual
tools and for home content monitors. Individual tool monitors can
assist in monitoring specific tooling and show detailed data for the
use of that tooling power through the application. While the home
contents monitor helps in assessing the overall use of energy for the
whole house and it is attached to the energy meter and gives a big
picture of complete energy use.
Efficient data gathering
Indeed, the function of the EUM is to provide energy consumption
data to consumers. The data provided is efficient and makes it easier
for users to analyze devices and appliances in the home that
increase electricity bills. Once the activity of the device has been
detected then the user will be able to find out which electricity
consumption of the goods is the most and control it.

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Electrical Supply System
Electricity Usage Monitor (EUM)

5.0 Problems and Solutions Solution

Problem Naturally, every electrical
equipment that involves a device
Additional cost expenditures to a circuit breaker requires an
electrician to install it. This is to
The installation of a monitor device ensure the safety of the user not to
at home requires an electrician who do it yourself. The cost incurred is
will increase the total of costs, only once i.e. during installation
namely in the cost of equipment and only. However, once installed, the
installation. user will get many benefits which
is to save electricity consumption
by using the device.

Detecting without action However, this technology will warn
in the event of a sharp increase in
The use of EUM technology is for electricity consumption. Warnings
energy consumption monitors and will be given through messages, so
detects as much use as possible consumers should act on their
only. own to control the use of
electricity for tools or parts that
cause an increase in electricity
consumption. The user can also
install a device that can turn off
any large number of electrical
outlets, but it depends on the type
of device installed by the user.

Taking a long time It is not on all types of EUM
monitors, there are still types of
It is for the process of detecting a monitors that act efficiently on
device, it takes a long time for some detectors. Therefore, users should
types of EUM and is a difficulty for first research the type of monitor
the user. they want to install and ensure
that the monitor acts efficiently.

Page 41

Electrical Supply System

Electricity Usage Monitor (EUM)
6.0 Case Study

The use of Electricity Usage Monitor technology is widely used
outside the country. Among the places that has been tested with its
use is housing in East Hampton, New York. The results of the study
found that the decision was positive, namely that the housing there
could reduce the use of electricity in their homes and could control
every use of electrical energy. The house there is a 7,187 square foot
size and also uses an HVAC, DHW system and has a swimming pool.
It is clear that the use of electricity will increase for each month.
However, using one of the Electrical Usage Monitor technologies can
reduce the use of electrical power than usual.

Page 42

Conclusion

Modern humans can benefit greatly from smart
home systems. Using a smart home gadget that
functions with a reliable device and the Internet
for our envisioned building Remote devices and
a strong internet connection can be used to
access services like Fire protection system,
Telecomunication, HVAC, Electrical supply
system and Special services installation. By
making it simpler for us to identify issues that
arise inside or outside of our building, having this
smart home gadget in a building or residence
can facilitate human work. Through the tools we
have, it is found and tracked. Therefore, as we
can see, technology like this may readily assist
and resolve human difficulties. Furthermore,
having access to this technology can aid in a
city's quick development. We are able to in this
day and age as a result of it. The public has a
high level of demand for this smart device
system. As a result, it is clear that using good
technology may improve society's quality of life.

Page 43

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