SUNNI AFKAR

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 3

]pkvXIw 15, e°w 14 2025 am¿®v 15˛31 1446 da-fm≥ 14 04 06 46 ]n.-sI. kCuZv ]q\q¿ 14 31 26 amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-IvS¿ kønZv kzmZn-Jen inlm_v X߃ ]ªn-j¿ Fw.]n-.Fw. A ≥ ico^v Ipcn-°ƒ FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv Ub-d-IvS¿ kønZv apl-ΩZv tImb X߃ Pa-ep-ss√en P\-d¬ amt\-P¿ A_vZp- -aZv ]qt°m-´q¿ No^v FUn-‰¿ sI. Ben-°p´n apkven-bm¿ FUn-‰¿ Fw. Da¿ dlvam\n ]p√q¿ amt\-PnMv FUn-‰¿ lwk dlvam\n sIm≠n-]-dºv AUvan≥ Hm^okv kakvXmebw, tNfmcn, tX™n∏ew- ]n.-H, ae∏pdw Pn√, ]n≥: 673636 dPn. Hm^okv {^m≥knkv tdmUv, tImgnt°mSv ˛ 03 0494 2400938 8281 170 938 Sunni Afkar sunniafkar@gmail.com a-\p-jy-\n¿-an-X \n-b-a-Øn-s‚ A-I-km-cw a-\- n-em-°-W-sa-¶n¬ B-Zy-am-bn, a-\p-jycp-≠m-°n-b \n-b-a-߃ G-Xv L-´-߃ ]n-∂n-´m-Wv C-∂-sØ \n-e-bn¬ F-Øn-t®¿-∂- Xv F-∂v A-dn-™n-cn-°-Ww. F-¥m-Wv a-\p-jy-\n¿-an-X \n-b-a-ß-fp-sS D-≈-S-°w? ssii-hw sXm-´v C-s∂m-cp kw-kv-Im-c-hpw \m-K-cn-I-X-bp-am-bn h-f¿-s∂-Øpw-h-sc-bp-≈ A-Xn-s‚ {]-bm-W-Øn¬ G-sXm-s° L-S-I-ß-fm-Wv ]-¶p-h-ln-®n-´p-≈-Xv? hcq... tNcmw A√m-lp-hns‚ XW-en¬ t\Xr-i–w hmt°mSv sambvXo≥Ip´n ss^kn \_-hobw ]n. apl-ΩZv dlvam\n at©cn _me-]mTw kn±oJv thfw 38 1534 A–p√ Aao≥ C\nbpw c£ \¬ImØ in£m \nb-a-߃ ssZzhm-cnI Fw.F Peo¬ kJm^n ]p√mc sI.Sn. APva¬ ss^kn ]m≠n-°mSv ]mßn¬ Alva-ZvIp´n apkven-bm¿ sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv¿ F-∂ a-l-Xz-ap-≈ cm-hv A-√m-lp ap≥ k-ap-Zm-b-߃-s°m-∂pw \¬-In-bn-´n-√. Xn-cp-\-_n-bp-sS D-Ω-Øn-s‚ am-{Xw {]-tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. A-¥y-\mƒ h-sc A-Xp D-≠m-Ip-I-bpw sN-øpw. k-a-kv-X-bp-sS cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-\m-bn Hm-Sn \-S-∂ kzm-Xzn-I\m-bn-cp-∂p ]m-ßn-¬ D-kv-Xm-Zv. {]Ya {]-kn-U‚ v ÿm-\-tØ-°v X-s‚ t]-cv \n¿-t±-in-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ h-c-°¬ X-ß-sf {]-kn-U‚m-°n H-gn-™p-am-dn-b alm≥. 50 KpW-]mTw kzmZnJv ss^kn Xm\q¿ 44 IpSpw_n\n \ujmZv dlvam\n ta¬apdn Ah-km\ ]Øpw H‰-bn´ cmhpw 20 apl-ΩZv Xøn¬ in£-Iƒ in£-Itfm in£-Wtam? H-cp a-\p-jy-s‚ ss\-an-jn-I-am-b Zp-\n-bm-hn-se Po-hn-Xw A-h-km-\n-®v im-iz-X-tem-I-am-b ]-ctem-I-Øv F-Øp-tºmƒ A-hn-sS A-\p-`-hn-°m-\p-≈ Nq-Sv C-Xn-te-sd ITn-\-am-Wv. A-Y-hm kqcy≥ H-cp Nm¨ ap-I-fn¬\n-∂v D-Zn-°p-∂p F-∂m-Wv {]-hm-N-I¿(kz) \-sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv `u-XnI tem-I-Øp-≈ Nq-Sp t]m-epw \-ap-°v k-ln-°m-t\m £-an-°m-t\m Dƒ-s°m-≈m-t\m ]-‰m-Ø cq- ]-Øn¬ {]-bm-kw A-\p-`h-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ F-ß-s\-bm D-jv-W-sØ a-dn-I-S-°m≥ I-gn-bp-I. 08 CA-vPmkv Sn.-F-®v. Zmcnan F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv in-£m ap-d-Iƒ I-cp-Xpw t]m-se ^-ew sN-øm-Ø-Xv, F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv Ip-‰-hm-fn-sb Ip-‰-Øn¬\n-∂v ]n-∑m-‰p-hm≥ I-gn-bm-Ø-Xv, Xp-S-ßn-b Nn-¥-Iƒ-°v D-Ø-cw tX-Sp-tºmƒ kzm`m-hn-I-am-bpw e`n-°p-∂ D-Ø-cw in-£m-\n-b-aß-fp-sS {]m-tbm-Kn-I-X-bp-sS Ip-d-hm-Wv. 36 Hm¿a ap^oZv apl-ΩZv 34 \oXn-bpsS Dkvam-\nb-Imew kzmZnJv Npgen 12 kÀK-]Yw 48 kwLm-S\w

6 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 t\Xri–w sam-bvXo≥Ip´n ss^kn hmt°mSv Nn-e-cp-sS \-∑-tbm-Sp-≈ A-Xnbm-b Xm¬-]-cyw \-sΩ A-Xni-b-s∏-Sp-Øpw. H-cp ssh-Ip-t∂- c Im-gv-® C-ß-s\-bm-Wv. h¿-jß-fm-bn A-Xv Xp-S-cp-∂p-sh-∂v A-\p`hn-°p-∂-h¿ ]-d-bp-∂p. Hcmƒ I-øn¬ h-en-b I-h-dpw ]nSn-®v h-cpw. A-Xn¬ aq-∂p ho-[w Cu-Ø-∏-gw ]m-°v sN-bv-X H-cp- ]m-Sv sIm-®p I-h-dp-Iƒ. A-ßmSn-bn-se tPm-en-Øn-c-°n¬ G¿- s∏-´ B-fp-Iƒ-°v a-Kv-cn-_v hm- ¶v sIm-Sp-°p-tºm-tg-°v t\m-ºpXp-d-°m≥ Cu-Ø-∏-g-hpw sh-≈- hpw F-Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv A-bmƒ. C-^v-Xm-dn-s‚ C-Ø-cw kw-L-S-\ \o-°-߃-°v F-{Xtbm ap-ºv A-bmƒ C-Xv sN-bvXp h-cp-∂p... \-∑-bp-sS C-Ø-cw Im-gv-NIƒ [m-cm-f-am-Wn-t∏mƒ. X-s‚ k-tlm-Z-c-s‚ {]-bm-kw ]-cn-lcn-°m≥ th-≠-Xv sN-øp-∂-Xn-\v hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-ø-s∏-´ {]-Xn-^-ew th-≠p-thm-fw {]-Xo-£ \-ap-°v \¬-Ip-∂p. a-Zo-\ ]-≈n-bn¬ CAv-Xn-Im-^v C-cn-°p-∂-Xn-t\- °mƒ {]m-ap-Jyw \¬-In s]mXp-{]-h¿-Ø-\-sØ ]p-Wy-dkq¬(kz) ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bt∏mƒ \-ap-°v A-Xn-i-bw tXm- ∂pw hn-[w Nn-¥n-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bncp-∂p. H-cmƒ a-s‰m-cm-fp-sS _p-≤nap-s´m-∂v ]-cn-l-cn-°m≥ {i-≤n-°ptºmƒ A-h-s‚ H-cp-]m-Sv _p-≤n-ap-´pIƒ-°v A-√m-lp ]-cn-lm-cw sN-bv-XpsIm-Sp-°p-∂p. X-s‚ A-Sn-a A-h-s‚ k-tlm-Z-c-s\ k-lm-bn-°p-tºm-sgms°-bpw A-√m-lp B A-Sn-a-sb klm-bn-®p sIm-≠n-cn-°pw F-∂ l-Zokv \¬-Ip-∂ B-izm-kw F-{X am- {X-am-Wv. ap-Jy-am-b ]-e C-_m-Z-Øp-I-sf- °m-fpw h-ep-Xm-bn ]-e-t∏m-gpw C-Øcw Im-cy-߃ F-Æ-s∏-Sm≥ Im-cWw A-√m-lp A-{X-am-{Xw A-Xn-\v Xm¬-]-cyw Im-Wp-∂p F-∂v X-s∂- bm-Wv. \n-kv-Im-c-hpw A-Xp-t]m-ep-≈- h-bpw am-{Xw B-cm-[-\-bm-bn I-cp-Xs∏-Sp-∂-Xv \mw Xn-cp-Øn hm-bn-°- Ww. \n-ø-Øpw \n-›-b-hpw e-£yw sX-‰n-bm¬ ]n-s∂ \n-kv-Im-c-am-sW- ¶n¬ t]m-epw A-Xv tI-h-e Aw-K-Ne-\w am-{X-am-bn ]-cn-W-an-°pw, C-_mZ-Øm-bn ]-cn-K-Wn-°n-s√-∂¿-∞w. A-t∏mƒ ]n-s∂, e-£yw A-√mlp-hn-te-°v Xn-cn-®p sh-®m¬ Po-hnXw ap-gp-h-\pw C-_m-Z-Øm-bn ]-cn-Wan-°pw. A-\-°-hpw A-S-°-hpw D-d- °pw D-W¿-hpw F-√mw B-cm-[-\-bpsS `m-K-am-bn-Ø-s∂ ]-cn-K-Wn-°-s∏- Spw. \n-ø-Øm-Wv G-Xp I¿-a-ß-fp-sSbpw a¿-aw F-∂v hy-‡-am-bn. \n-øØv kw-ip-≤-am-Ip-tºmƒ a-\- n¬ ]n-s∂, A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ km-∂n-[yw ÿn-c-am-Ipw. hn-izm-kn G-Xp cw-K- \o C√mØ Hcp izmkw t]mepw Bizmka√

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 7 Øm-sW-¶n-epw ]-d-bp-∂-Xpw {]-h¿- Øn-°p-∂-Xpw sN-øp-∂-Xpw Nn-¥n-°p- ∂-Xpw F-√mw A-√m-lp-hn-te-°v tN¿-Øp-h-® \n-ø-Øn-s‚ ta¬-hn-emk-Øn¬ h-cp-tºmƒ \m-sf kp-J-ambn kp-K-‘-am-bn kz¿-K-am-bn A-\pë-h-am-Ipw. s]m-Xp-cw-K-Øv {]-h¿-Øn- °p-∂-h¿-°v a-X-tØm-Sv B-`n-ap-Jyw C-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xpw a-X-Øn-\v {]m-apJyw \¬-Ip-∂-h¿ s]m-Xp-cw-K-tØmSv hn-ap-J-X Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xpw H-cp-t]mse A-]-I-Sw sN-øpw. kzm-en-lo-߃ ]-≈n-bn-epw ap-kz- √-bn-epw am-{X-a-√, A-h¿ ë-cn-°p-∂nS-Øpw {]-iv-\-߃ ]-cn-l-cn-°p-∂nS-Øpw F-√m-bn-S-Øpw D-≠m-h-Ww. kn-≤o-Jv(d)hn-s‚ kq-£v-a-X \n-kv-Imc-Øn-epw Hm-Øn-epw am-{X-a-√ \mw I-≠-Xv. `-c-W-cw-K-Øpw A-Xv tim-` ]-S¿-Øn Pz-en-®p \n-∂n-cp-∂p. J-eo- ^ D-a-dp¬ ^m-dq-Jv(d)hn-s‚ [o-c-X B-cm-[-\m \n-jvT-bn¬ am-{X-a-√ F- √m-bn-S-Øpw ÿn-c-{]-Xn-jvT t\-Sn-bncp-∂p. A-√m-lp ]-≈n-bn-tem ]mT-im-ebn-tem A-√, \-∑-bp-sS kp-K-‘w ]- c-Øp-∂ \n-ø-Øv a-\- n¬ kq-£n- °p-tºm-sgm-s°-bpw hn-izm-kn-bp-sS Iq-sS A-√m-lp D-≠v. A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ km-∂n-[yw a-\-  n¬ h-cp-tºmƒ F-{X-am-{Xw kp-Jam-bn-cn-°pw. kz¿-K-Øn¬ t]m-epw A-Xv A-\y-am-bm¬ kz¿-K-Øn-\pw kp-J-hpw k-t¥m-j-hpw \-„-s∏-Sp-sa- ∂m-Wv. A-√m-lp-th Cu ku-`m-Kyw \¬-In-\n-e-\n¿-Øn A-\p-{K-ln-°-tW F-∂m-Wv F-t∏m-gpw {]m¿-∞-\. \n-jv-I-f-¶-am-bn A-√m-lp-sh Hm¿- °m≥ H-cmƒ-°v km-[y-am-bm¬ Ah≥ c-£-s∏-´p F-∂m-Wv ]p-Wy \- _n(kz) \-ap-°v X-cp-∂ {]-Xo-£. A- √m-lp-sh Hm¿-°p-∂-Xv lr-Z-b k-am- [m-\-Øn-\v h-gn-sbm-cp-°p-sa-∂p-ap-≠v. A-t∏mƒ Cu tem-I-Øpw ]-c-temI-Øpw a-\p-jy≥ k-am-[m-\-Øn-epw B-izm-k-Øn-epw B-h-W-sa-∂v A- √m-lp B-{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-∂v a-\- nem-°mw. F-t∏m-gpw B H-cp kv-a-c-W D-≠mIp-tºmƒ \-ap-°v e`n-°p-∂ k-am-[m- \w Du-ln-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈q. A-Xv D-d-∏n-°m≥ Xym-Kw sN-bv-Xv Po-hn- ® a-lm-flm-°ƒ F-°m-e-Øpw F- √m-h¿-°pw h-en-b am-Xr-I-bm-sW- ∂pw Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-I. A-√m-lp-th Hm¿- Øp I-gn-bp-∂-h¿ F-°m-e-Øpw Hm¿-°-s∏-´p sIm-≠n-cn-°p-sa-∂v \mw C-\n-bpw a-\- n-em-°p-I-bm-Wv. A-h¿ Hm-tcm \n-an-j-hpw A-Xv D-d-∏v h-cp-Øm≥ D-d-°n¬ t]m-epw A-Xp-≠m-h-W-sa-∂v B-{K-ln-®p. Hmtcm izm-k-Øn-epw A-√m-lv F-∂v ap-dp-sI ]n-Sn-®p. A-Xn-√m-Ø H-cp \nan-jw t]m-epw Po-hn-X-Øn¬ h-c-cpX-X-∂v I-cp-Xn-bp-d-∏n-®p Po-hn-®p. \o-bn-√m-Ø H-cp izm-kw t]mepw F-\n-°v B-izm-k-a-√; \n-s‚ Xo-cp-am-\-Øn¬ F-\n-°v A-ß-s\ H-∂p hn-[n-®p sh-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXn-\p-ap-ºv F-s∂ Xn-cn-®p hn-fn-°- Ww F-∂v {]m¿-∞n-®-h¿ F-{X-tbm D-≠v. A-h¿ I-Øn-®p-h-® \-∑-bp-sS sh-fn-®-am-Wv C-∂pw `q-an-bn¬. B Hm¿-a-bp-sS \n-Xy-io-e-߃ D-d-∏v h-cp-Øm≥ h¿-j-Øn¬ G-‰- hpw k-hn-ti-j-am-b A-h-k-c-am-bmWv hn-ip-≤-am-b d-a-fm≥ h-s∂-Øp- ∂-Xv. A-Xv d-a-fm≥ I-gn-™m-epw Ign-bm-Ø hn-[w \n-Xy-kp-Ir-X-am-bn B-hn-jv-I-cn-°m-\pw A-\p-`hn-°m- \pw \-ap-°v km-[n-°-Ww. A-_q-lp-ssd-d (d)hn¬ \n-∂v: {]-hm-N-I¿ (kz) ]-d-bp-∂p: A-©v h-Jv-Xv \n-kv-Im-c-߃, c-≠v Pp-ap-AIƒ, c-≠v d-a-fm-\p-Iƒ F-∂n-h-sb- √mw A-h-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-se ]m-]-߃ s]m-dp-∏n-°m≥ ]-cym-]v-X-am-Wv. h≥- tZm-j-߃ kw-`-hn-®n-s√-¶n¬. (C- _v-\p-am-P) I-gn-™ d-a-fm-\pti-jw h-∂p t]m-b ap-gp-h≥ sX-‰p-Ip-‰-ß-fpw s]m-dp-∏n-°m-\p-≈ A-h-k-c-am-bn-´mWv Cu d-a-fm-s‚ h-c-hn-s\-bpw \- Ωƒ t\m-°n Im-tW-≠-Xv. B Iq-´- Øn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Sm≥ th-≠n \mw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cpw Nn-¥n-t°-≠-Xpw \otß-≠-Xp-ap-≠v.. a-cp-`q-hn¬ \m-´n-\n¿-Øn-b H-cp Xq-h¬ t]m-se G-Xp \n-an-j-hpw AXv am-dn a-dn-bmw. kr-„m-hm-b \m-Ys\ Ip-dn-®p-≈ Hm¿-a-Iƒ k-Zm a-\-  n¬ \n-e-\n¿-ج a-\p-jy-s\ kw- _-‘n-t®-S-tØm-fw G-‰-hpw {i-a-Ic-am-Wv. A-Xn-\m-bp-≈ ]-cn-{i-a-hpw A-Xn-te-°p-≈ {]-bm-W-hp-am-Wv \mƒ-°p-∂mƒ Hm-tcm \n-an-j-Øn-epw a-\p-jy≥ D-d-∏v h-cp-tØ-≠-Xv. Zn-\-cm-{X-ß-fn¬ ]-e k-a-b-ßfn¬ A-√m-lp-hn-s\ kv-a-cn-°m-\pw ad-°p-tºmƒ ho-≠pw A-Xn-te-°v Xncn-®p h-cm-\p-ap-≈ kw-hn-[m-\-am-Wv \n-kv-Im-cw. h¿-j-Øn¬ H-cp am-kw ap-gp-h≥ C-em-lo kv-a-c-W a-\- p-Ifn¬ cq-V-aq-e-am-°m≥ t\m-ºpw. tIh-ew N-S-ßp-I-fm-bn C-h-Iƒ am-dp- ∂p-sh-¶n¬ {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃ hn-^-eam-bn-Øo-cpw. B-flm-hn-√m-Ø B-cm- [-\-Iƒ A-√m-lp-hn-\v B-h-iy-an-√. a-\p-jy-s\ Xn-∑-I-fn¬ \n-∂v X-S-bp- ∂ ]-cn-N-bm-bn C-h-Iƒ am-d-Ww. C-_m-Z-Øp-Iƒ kzo-Im-cy-tbm-Kyam-bn F-∂-Xn-s‚ A-S-bm-f-am-W-Xv. t\m-ºpw \n-kv-Im-c-hpw Ir-Xy-am-bn \n¿-h-ln-®n-´pw H-cmƒ-°v Xn-∑-I-fn¬ \n-∂v hn-´p \n¬-°m≥ km-[n-°p-∂ns√-¶n¬ F-√mw B-flm-hv \-„-s∏-´ A¿-Y iq-\y-am-b Im-´n Iq-´-ep-I-fmbn-cp-∂p-thm-sb-∂v A-h≥ B-fl-hnNn-¥-\w \-S-tØ-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]-d-bp-∂p. Xm- ¶ƒ \n-kv-Im-cw \n-e-\n¿-Øp-I. Xo¿- ®-bm-bpw A-Xv Xn-∑-I-fn¬ \n-∂v XS-bpw.(A≥-I-_q-Xv: 45) {]-hm-NI¿(kz) ]-d-bp-∂p: \n-kv-Im-cw H-cp hy-‡n-sb Xn-∑-I-fn¬ \n-∂v A-I-‰nbn-s√-¶n¬ A-√m-lp-hn¬ \n-∂v Ah≥ A-I-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. C-tX {]-Imc-am-Wv t\m-ºpw. H-cp am-k-°m-ew ap-gp-h≥ t\mº-\p-„n-®n-´pw ho-≠pw Po-hn-Xw apºp-≈-Xpt]m-se-bm-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ A-Xn-\¿-Yw t\m-ºpw \n-kv-Im-c-hp-sam- ∂pw \-Ωp-sS B-flm-hn-s\ kzm-[o-\n- ®n-´n-s√-∂pX-s∂-bm-Wv. B-flm-h-dn- ™v C-_m-Z-Øp-Iƒ sN-øm-\pw AXn-s‚ am-[p-cyw B-kz-Zn-°m-\pw Xu^oJv \¬I-s´. hn-ip-≤ d-a-fm≥ A-\p-Iq-e-am-bn km-£n \n¬-°p-∂-hcn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn \-sΩ k-t¥m-jn- ∏n-°-t´...

8 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 \_-hobw ]n. apl-ΩZv dlvam\n at©cn A`b hmKvZm\hpw A≥kzmcnIfpw Xn-cp-\-_n(kz) bp-sS Po-hn-XØn¬ Zpx-Jh¿-j-sa-∂v hn-ti-jn- ∏n-°p-∂ Im-e-am-Wv, {]n-b k-l- [¿-an-Wn J-Zo-P _o-_n(d)bpw F- √m hn-t[-\-bpw kw-c-£-I-\m-bncp-∂ A-_q-Xzm-en-_pw hn-S-]-d-™ k-a-bw. B k-µ¿`-Øn¬ Xn-cp-\- _n(kz) sb k-am-[m-\n-∏n-°m-\mbn C-kv-dm-Av, an-Av-dm-Pv \¬-IpI-bpw ]q¿-h{]-hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ B¿-°pw e-`n-®n-´n-√m-Ø A-Xy- ]q¿-h-am-b A¤p-X-߃ ImWm≥ A-h-k-cw \¬-Ip-I-bpw sNbv-Xp. Cu cm-{]-bm-W-Øn-s‚-bpw B-Im-im-tcm-l-W-Øn-s‚-bpw A¬-]w hn-i-Z-am-b N¿-®-bm-Wv bq-kp-^v im-an X-s‚ kp-_p-ep¬ lp-Z-bn¬ Xp-S¿-∂psIm-≠p-h-cp-∂- Xv. ]-Øv A-[ym-b-ß-fn-em-bn, {]- am-W-߃ sIm-≠v bm-{X-bp-sS ÿn-co-I-c-Ww, bm-{X-bp-sS b-Ym¿- ∞ cq-]w, C-kv-dm-Av, an-Av-dm-Ppam-bn _-‘-s∏-´ hn-a¿-i-\-߃- °p-≈ a-dp-]-Sn, B-Im-i-tem-I-Øv I-≠ A¤p-X-߃... Xp-S-ßn-b hnj-b-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv N¿-® ]p-tcmK-an-°p-∂-Xv. F-∂m¬, A-Sp-Øv as‰m-cp hn-h-c-W-Øn-s‚ Iq-sS Ckv-dm-Av, an-Av-dm-Pv hn-i-I-e-\w hcp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cu `m-Kw A-hn-sS hn-h-cn-°mw. Cu {]-bm-W-߃ I-gn-™v A- [n-Iw I-gn-bp-∂-Xn-\v apºm-Wv aZo-\ bm-{X D-≠m-hp-∂-Xv. ln-Pv-d F-∂-t]-cn¬ A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ B bm-{X a-Zo-\-bn-se-Øp-tºmƒ Xncp-\-_n(kz)sb h-c-th¬-°m-\pw kzo-I-cn-°m-\pw H-cp-ßn \n¬-°p- ∂ ]q¿-Wm¿-∏n-X-cm-b H-cp ]-‰w B-fp-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A≥-kzmcIƒ F-∂ t]-cn-em-Wv A-h¿ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. N-cn-{X-Øn¬ Xp-eyX-bn-√m-Ø k-lm-b-߃ A¿-∏n- ®-h-cm-b-Xn-\m-em-Wv A-h¿-°v A≥-kzm¿ F-∂ t]-cv h-∂-Xv. Cu a-l-Øp-°-fp-sS hn-h-cWw ln-Pv-d hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v apºv sIm-≠v h-cp-I-bm-Wv bq-kp-^v H-cp hn-hm-l k¬-°m-cw I-gn-™v h-cp-∂ A≥-kzm-cn kv-{Xo-tb-bpw Iq-sS-bp-≈ Ip-´n-I-sf-bpw I-≠-t∏mƒ Xn-cp-\-_n(kz) ]-d-bp-∂p-≠v: \n-ß-fm-Wv P-\-ß-fn¬ F-\n-°v G-‰-hpw C-„-s∏-´-h¿.(_p-Jm-cn). Cu h-N-\w aq-∂v h-´w B-h¿-Øn-®p A-h-tcm-Sv ]-d-™p-h-t{X. a-°-tb-°mƒ X-߃-°v A-`-bw \¬-Im-\p-≈-h-cm-Wv a-Zo-\-°m-sc-∂ kq-N-\-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-Xv.

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 9 C-amw ap-l-Ω-Zv _v-\p bq-kp-^p kzm-en-lp im-an-bp-sS kp-_p-ep¬ lp-Z h-d-im-Zv F-∂ {K-Ÿ-sØ B-kv-]-Z-am-°n Xn-cp-\-_n(kz)bp-sS Po-hn-Xw A-]-{K-≤n-°p-∂p... im-an sN-bv-Xn-´p-≈-Xv. A≥-kzm-cnIƒ F-∂-Xv A-⁄m-X Im-ew ap-X-ep- ≈ t]-c-√, A-√m-lp hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ A-h-sc hnti-jn-∏n-® \m-a-am-Wv.(kp-_p-ep¬lp-Z, hm-fyw:3, t]: 251). A≥-kzm-cnIƒ {]-[m-\-am-bn c-≠v Iq-´-cm-Wv. H-∂v, _-\p¬ Hu-kv, c-≠v, _-\p¬ J-kv-d-Pv. C-h-cp-sS a-lXzw hn-h-cn-°p-∂ B-b-Øp-I-fpw l-Zo-kp-I-fpw [m-cmf-ap-≠v. A≥-kzm-cnIƒ _-lp-am-\n-°m-\pw kv-t\-ln- °m-\pw C-kvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. A-h-tcm-Sv tIm-]w {]- I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-s\ Xn-cp-\-_n(kz) \n-tcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. A≥-kzmcnIƒ°v e`n-® B-Z-c-hn-s‚-bpw _-lp-am- \-Øn-s‚-bpw Im-c-W-߃ a-\- n-em-°m≥ Jp¿-B-\nepw l-Zo-kn-epw h-∂ A-h-sc Ip-dn-®p-≈ hn-h-c-W߃ am-{Xw a-Xn. kq-d-Øp¬ A≥-^m-en-s‚ F-gp-]- Øn \m-emw B-b-Øn¬ A-√m-lp ]-d-bp-∂p A`-bw \¬-Ip-I-bpw k-lm-bn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-X A-h-cm-Wv bYm¿-∞ hn-izm-kn-Iƒ. a-s‰m-cp B-b-Øn¬ ap-tº -h- \-߃ X-øm¿ sN-bv-Xv ln-P-d-h-cp-∂-h-sc kzo-I-cn- °m≥ H-cp-ßn-b-h-cm-W-h-sc-∂pw kz-¥-sØ-°mƒ a- ‰p-≈-h-sc Xn-c-s™-Sp-°p-∂ h-cm-sW-∂pw (kq-d-Øp¬ l-iv¿: 9) Jp¿-B≥ A-h-sc {]-iw-k-tbm-sS hn-ti-jn- ∏n-°p-∂p. ap-I-fn-se B-b-Øp-I-fn¬ A-h-sc {]-iw-kn-°ptºm-fm-Wv A-h¿-°v A≥-kzm¿ F-∂ t]-cv A-√m-lp \¬-Ip-∂-Xv. K-b-em≥ _v-\p P-co¿(d) H-cn-°¬ A-\- kv(d) hn-t\m-Sv Cu t]-cn-s\ Ip-dn-®v A-t\z-jn-°p-∂p- ≠v; \n-߃ X-s∂ C-´-Xm-tWm Cu t]-cv?, A-tXm \n߃-°v A-√m-lp \¬-In-b-Xm-tWm?. A-\-kv(d) ]-d- ™p: R-߃-°v B t]-cv A-√m-lp sh-®-Xm-Wv(_pJm-cn, \-km-C). F-\n-°v Hu-kv, J-kv-d-Pn-s\ sIm-≠v k-lm-bw e-`n-®p F-∂v ]-e k-µ¿-`-ß-fn¬ Xn-cp-\- _n(kz) ]-d-™-Xm-bn h-∂n-´p-≠v. H-cn-°¬ B-an¿ _v- \p Xzp-ss^-en¬ \n-∂pw {]-bm-k-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ H-cp cwKw D-≠m-b-t∏mƒ Xn-cp-\-_n(kz) C-tX hm-°v ]-d-bpI-bp-≠m-bn.(Xz-_v-dm-\n). H-cp hn-hm-l k¬-°m-cw I-gn-™ph-cp-∂ A≥-kzmcn kv-{Xo-tb-bpw Iq-sS-bp-≈ Ip-´n-I-sf-bpw I-≠-t∏mƒ Xn-cp-\-_n(kz) ]-d-bp-∂p-≠v: \n-ß-fm-Wv P-\-ß-fn¬ F-\n-°v G-‰-hpw C-„-s∏-´-h¿.(_p-Jm-cn). Cu h-N-\w aq-∂v h-´w B-h¿-Øn-®p A-h-tcm-Sv ]-d-™p-h-t{X. a- °-tb-°mƒ X-߃-°v A-`-bw \¬-Im-\p-≈-h-cm-Wv a-Zo-\-°m-sc-∂ kq-N-\-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-Xv. am-{X-a-√, A≥-kzm-cn-I-tfm-Sv hn-izm-kn-Iƒ kzo-Icn-t°-≠ \n-e-]m-Sv Xn-cp-\-_n(kz) hy-‡-am-°p-∂p: _- dm-Av _v-\p B-kn-_v(d) A-hn-Sp-∂v ]-d-™-Xm-bn D- ≤-cn-°p-∂p: hn-izm-kn-°-√m-sX A≥-kzm-cn-ß-sf kvt\-ln-°m-\pw I-]-S hn-izm-kn-°-√m-sX A-h-tcm-Sv tIm- ]n-°m-\pw km-[y-a-√. B-cv A≥-kzm-cnI-sf kv-t\-ln- °p-∂p-thm A-h-sc A-√m-lp-hpw kv-t\-ln-°pw. B-cv A-h-tcm-Sv tIm-]w {]-I-Sn-∏n-®p-thm A-h-tcm-Sv A-√mlp-hpw tIm-]n-°pw(_p-Jm-cn). D-≤r-X l-Zo-kv A-_q Zm-hq-Zv A-√m-Ø a-‰v F-√m l-Zo-kv In-Xm-_p-fpw F-SpØp-≤-cn-® h-N-\-am-Wv. A-\-kv(d) Xn-cp-\-_n(kz)bn¬ \n-∂pw D-≤-cn-°p- ∂p. hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚ A-S-bm-fw A≥-kzmcnIsf kvt\-ln-°-epw Im-]-Sy-Øn-s‚ A-S-bm-fw A-h-tcm-Sv tIm- ]n-°-ep-am-Wv(\-km-C). a-s‰m-cn-°¬ Xn-cp-\-_n(kz) ]- d-™p: A-√m-lp-hn-epw A-¥y \m-fn-epw hn-iz-kn-°p- ∂ H-cm-fpw A≥-kzm-cnIsf sh-dp-°-cp-Xv(A-lva-Zv). Ft∂m-Sp-≈ kv-t\-lw A≥-kzm-dn-t\m-Sp-≈ kv-t\-l-amsW-∂pw F-t∂m-Sp-≈ sh-dp-∏v A-h-tcm-Sp-≈ sh-dp- ∏m-sW-∂pw Xn-cp-\-_n(kz) ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. ln-Pv-d t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-s‚ ap-ºv X-s∂, a-Zo-\-bn¬ \n- ∂pw ]-e-cpw a-°-Øv h-cn-I-bpw Xn-cp-\-_n(kz) bn¬ hn-iz-kn-°p-I-bpw A-hn-Sp-tØ-°v a-Zo-\-bn-se-Øn-bm¬ X-߃ A`b-hpw kw-c-£-W-hpw \¬-Im-sa-∂pw Ah¿ hm-Kv-Zm-\w \¬-In-bn-cp-∂p. a-Zo-\-bn-te-°v Xn-cp-\- _n(kz) sb kzm-K-Xw sN-bv-Xv, kw-c-£-W I-cm¿ hsc D-≠m-°n-b a-Zo-\-°m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C-sX-√mw aZo-\m bm-{X-bp-sS ap-ºm-sW-∂-Xn-\m-em-Wv a-Zo-\-°msc-∂ \n-e-bn¬ A≥-kzm-cnIsf C-hn-sS hn-h-cn-®-Xv. A-h-cn¬ B-Zy-am-Zyw hn-iz-kn-®-h-cpw a-°-bn¬ h- ∂v Xn-cp-\-_n(kz)sb t\-cn¬ I-≠v A`bw \¬-Imsa-∂v I-cm¿-sN-øp-I-bpw sN-bv-X kz-lm-_n-Iƒ N-cn- {X-Øn¬ {]-kn-≤-am-Wv. A-ß-s\-sb-√mw hy-Xn-cn-‡- X ]p-e¿-Øp-∂-h-cm-b-Xn-\m¬ X-s∂-bm-Wv A≥-kzmco-߃-°v, a-s‰m-cmƒ-°pw e-`n-°m-Ø {]-iw-k-I-fm¬ s]m-Xn-bm≥ Im-c-Ww. hp-fq-Av \n-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v F-{]- Im-c-am-tWm A-{]-Im-cw A≥-kzmcnI-tfm-Sp-≈ _m-[yX A-dn-bm-Ø-h≥ F-s∂-s°m-≠v hn-iz-kn-°m-Ø-h- \m-sW-∂v h-sc Xn-cp-\-_n(kz) Xo¿-Øv ]-d-bp-∂p-≠v. Np-cp-°-Øn¬, ln-Pv-d-°v ]p-d-s∏-Sm≥ k-Ω-Xw Xncp-\-_n (kz) °v e-`n-°p-∂-Xn-s‚ ap-tº, {]-t_m-[-\ ]m-X-bn¬ {]-bm-k-߃ k-ln-®v sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ, A-ë-b-hpw kw-c-£-W-hpw hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-bv-Xv a-°-Øv h-∂-h-cm-Wv, ]n-∂o-Sv a-Zo-\-bn¬ Xn-cp-\-_n(kz) bpsS kw-c-£-I-cm-bn am-dn-b A≥-kzmcnIƒ. ln-Pv-d-°v ap-ºv A-h-cn¬\n-∂pw a-°-bn-se-Øn-b-h-sc-bpw B-Zyam-Zyw C-kvemw kzo-I-cn-®-h-sc-bpw Xp-S¿-∂p-≈ A- [ym-b-Øn¬ hn-h-cn-°mw.

10 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 Jp¿-B≥ ]mTw CA-vPmkv Sn.-F-®v. Zmcnan hn A-\p-{K-l-am-bn E-Xp-°-fpw ]-©`q-X-ß-fpw a-\p-jy-s‚ ssP-hn-I-am-b k -hn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv \n-c-¥-c-am-b N-e-\-hpw am-‰-hpw. Ip-td k-a-bw Htc-t]m-se H-tc ÿ-e-Øv C-cn-°p-hmt\m \n¬-°p-hm-t\m A-h-\p I-gn-bn- √. Ip-d-®p I-gn-™m¬ sN-dp-Xm-sb- ¶n-epw C-f-Ip-hm-t\m F-gp-t∂¬-°phm-t\m \-S-°p-hm-t\m A-h≥ {i-an- °pw. A-h-s\ h-e-bw sN-bv-Xv \n¬- °p-∂ A-¥-co-£-tØm-Sp-≈ _-‘- a-\p-jy-\n-se Cu ÿ-e-Im-e am-‰w D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv hn-hn-[ Im-em-h-ÿ-I-sf {]-Zm-\w sN-øp-∂ E-Xp-°-fp-sS kzm-[o-\-sØ-bm-Wv kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv F-∂m-Wv im-kv-{Xw. C-Xn-\p-th-≠n A-√m-lp sN-bv-Xp-sh-®n-cn-°p-∂ Im-cyw Im-Wp-tºmƒ B A-¤p-X-s∏-Spw. X-s‚ {]-Xn-\n-[n-bm-b a-\p-jy-s‚ im-co-cn-I-hpw am-\-kn-I-hp-am-b ku-Jy-Øn-\pw kw-Xr-]v-Xn-°pw th-≠n-sb-t∂m-Ww A-√m-lp A-h-\p-th-≠n H-cp-°n-b `q-an-sb H-c-ev-]w sN-cn-®p h-®n-cn-°p-∂p F-∂-Xm-Wv B h-en-b A-¤p-Xw.

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 11 hpw A-ß-s\ X-s∂-bm-Wv. Ip-d-®pt\-cw X-Wp-∏n¬ C-cn-°p-tºmƒ H- ∂v Nq-Sm-h-Ww F-∂-h-\v tXm-∂pw. Nq-Sn¬ C-cn-°p-tºmƒ H-c-ev-]w X-Wp- °-W-sa-∂pw. sh-dp-sam-cp io-ew, kz- `m-hw F-s∂m-∂pw hn-fn-°m-hp-∂ Imcy-a-√ C-sXm-∂pw. H-tc C-cp-∏n¬ Ccn-°p-I-tbm H-tc A-h-ÿ-bn¬ \o- ≠-Im-ew Xp-S-cp-I-tbm sN-bv-Xm¬ A-h-s‚ i-co-c-Øn-\v tcm-Kw h-cp-∂- Xv A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. sh-dpw X-Wp- ∏n¬ C-cn-°p-∂-h-sc hm-X-tcm-Kw s]- s´-∂v ]n-Sn-Iq-Spw. sh-dpw Nq-Sn¬ Ccn-°p-∂-h¿-°v In-Uv-\n tcm-Kw ap-Xem-b-h D-≠m-bn B-tcm-Ky-£-bw kw`hn-°p-∂p. Cu Nq-Spw X-Wp-∏pw A-¥-co-£-hp-sa-√mw a-\p-jy-s‚ kz- `m-h-sØ-bpw a-t\m-\n-e-sb-bpw _m- [n-°p-∂p-≠v F-∂-Xm-Wv k-Xyw. NqSpw X-Wp-∏p-sa-√mw sh-dpw _m-lyam-b sXm-en-∏p-d-sØ hn-j-b-ß-fpw {]-iv-\-ß-fpw A-√. a-dn-®v, A-h-s°- √mw a-\- p-am-bpw _p-≤n-bp-am-bp-sa- √mw ap-dn-®p-am-‰m≥ B-hm-Ø _-‘- ap-≠v. a-\p-jy-s‚ kz-`m-hw, {]-Ir-Xw Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bn¬ A-h≥ Po-hn-°p-∂ Im-em-h-ÿ-bp-sS kzm-[o-\-ap-≠v F- ∂m-Wv. h-c-≠ a-cp-`q-an-I-fn¬ Xm-akn-°p-∂ P-\-߃ s]m-Xp-th ]-cp- °≥ kzm-`m-hn-I-fm-bn-cn-°pw. Xn-ßnb \-K-c-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Xm-a-kn-°p-∂- h¿ Iq-Sp-X¬ kzm¿-∞-cm-bn-cn-°pw. an-X io-tXm-jv-W ta-J-e-I-fn-sem- ∂n¬, sX-√v hn-im-e-am-b, \-∂m-bn Im-‰pw sh-fn-®-hpw F-√mw e`n-°p-∂ H-cn-S-Øv Xm-a-kn-°p-∂-h¿ A¬-∏w am-\-kn-I hn-im-e-X D-≈-h-cm-bn-cn- °pw. A-]-hm-Z-߃ D-≠m-Im-sa-¶nepw s]m-Xp-th Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂ {]-IrX-ß-fm-Wv C-h-sb-√mw. a-\p-jy-\n-se Cu ÿ-e-Im-e am- ‰w D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv hn-hn-[ Im-em-h-ÿI-sf {]-Zm-\w sN-øp-∂ E-Xp-°-fp-sS kzm-[o-\-sØ-bm-Wv kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv F-∂m-Wv im-kv-{Xw. C-Xn-\p-th-≠n A-√m-lp sN-bv-Xp-sh-®n-cn-°p-∂ Imcyw Im-Wp-tºmƒ Bcpw A-¤p-Xs∏-Spw. X-s‚ {]-Xn-\n-[n-bm-b a-\p-jys‚ im-co-cn-I-hpw am-\-kn-I-hp-am-b ku-Jy-Øn-\pw kw-Xr-]v-Xn-°pw th- ≠n-sb-t∂m-Ww A-√m-lp A-h-\p-th- ≠n H-cp-°n-b `q-an-sb H-c-ev-]w sNcn-®p h-®n-cn-°p-∂p F-∂-Xm-Wv B h-en-b A-¤p-Xw. C-Ø-cw H-cp N-cnhv {]-]-©-Øn¬ `q-an-b-√m-Ø a-‰p Hcp {K-l-Øn-\pw C-√ F-∂m-Wv. a-‰p {K-l-ß-fn-sem-∂pw a-\p-jy ÿn-c-hmk-hpw C-√. A-t∏mƒ A-Xn¬-\n-∂v `q-an-°p am-{Xw C-ß-s\ H-cp N-cn-hv sh-®-t∏mƒ a-\p-jy Po-hn-X-hp-am-bn A-Xn-s\-t¥m _-‘-ap-≠v F-∂v a-\-  n-em-°mw. a-s‰m-cp {K-l-Øn-\pw C- √m-Ø hn-[w Cu sN-cn-hv `q-an-°p am-{Xw F-ß-s\ ssI-h-∂p F-∂-Xns‚ D-Ø-cw I-s≠-Øp-hm≥ Cu Ncn-hv Im-c-W-Øm¬ a-\p-jy-\v D-≠mIp-∂ Kp-W-ß-fpw t\-´-ß-fpw hn-ebn-cp-Øn-bm¬ a-Xn. {]-]-©-Øn-\v hyXy-kv-X E-Xp-°ƒ, Im-em-h-ÿ-Iƒ Xp-S-ßn-b-h A-\p-ë-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv C-XpsIm-≠m-Wv F-∂-Xv h-f-sc {]m-Y-anI-am-b im-kv-{Xo-b A-dn-hn¬ s]-´- Xm-Wv. Cu h-kv-Xp-X H-∂p-Iq-Sn ASp-Øv \n-∂p Im-Wp-hm-\pw {K-ln-°phm-\pw aq-∂p Im-cy-߃ \mw Im-tW- ≠-Xp-≠v. H-∂v, a-\p-jy≥ Po-hn-°p- ∂ `q-an \n-c-¥-c-am-bn I-d-ßn-s°mt≠-bn-cn-°p-I-bpw A-tXm-sSm-∏w I-

12 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 d-ßn-s°m-≠p X-s∂ A-Xv kq-cy-s\ h-ew sh-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. c-≠v, A-Xv Cu c-≠p I-d-°-߃-°v hnt[-b-am-bn I-d-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂- Xn-\m¬ kq-cy-\n¬ \n-∂p-≈ A-\p- `-hw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b \m-em-bn hn-` Pn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu hn-`-P-\-sØ-bmWv E-Xp-°ƒ F-∂v hy-h-l-cn-°-s∏- Sp-∂-Xv. aq-∂v, C-Xv a-\p-jy-s‚ i-coc-sØ-bpw a-\- n-s\-bpw _m-[n-°pI-bpw kzm-[o-\n-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. C-Xp a-\- n-em-°m≥ \mw B {]- {In-b-sb sN-dp-Xm-sb-¶n-epw im-kv- {Xo-b-am-bn {K-ln-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. `q-an A-Xn-s‚ A-®p-X-≠n¬ kz-bw I-dßp-∂-Xn-s\ {`a-Ww F-∂p ]-d-bp- ∂p. `q-an-bn¬ ]-I-epw cm-{Xn-bpw A- \p`h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv Cu {`-a-Ww aq-e-amWv. {`-a-W ^-e-am-bn cm-{Xn-bpw ]-Iepw, D-Z-b-hpw A-kv-X-a-b-hpw A-\pë-h-s∏-Sp-∂p. `q-an-°p H-cp {`-a-Ww ]q¿-Øn-bm-°p-hm≥ 23 a-Wn-°q-dpw 56 an-\n-‰pw \mev sk-°‚pw k-a-bw th-Ww. A-Y-hm G-I-tZ-iw H-cp Znh-kw. `q-an C-ß-s\ km-¶¬-]n-I A- ®p-X-≠n-s\ B-[m-c-am-°n kz-bw Id-ßp-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm-∏w I-d-ßn-s°m- ≠p X-s∂ kq-cy-s\ h-ew sh-bv-°pI-bpw sN-øp-∂p-≠v. C-Xn-s\-bm-Wv ]-cn-{I-a-Ww F-∂p ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu ]-cn-{I-a-W {`-a-Ww ^-e-am-bn-´m-Wv E-Xp-°-fpw Im-em-h-ÿ hy-Xn-bm-\- ß-fpw A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. H-cp ]-cn- {I-a-Ww ]q¿-Øn-bm-°p-hm≥ `q-an-°v 365 Zn-h-k-hpw Bdp a-Wn-°q-dpw HºXv an-\n-‰pw HºXv sk-°‚pw ka-bw th-Ww. A-Xm-b-Xv G-I-tZ-iw H-cp h¿-jw k-a-bw. im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚ hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-a-\p-k-cn-®v `q-an-bp-sS {`- a-Wm-£-Øn-\v {`-a-W-X-e-hp-am-bp-≈ 23.5∞ N-cn-hm-Wv- E-Xp-t`-Z-߃-°p- ≈ {]-[m-\ Im-c-Ww. D-jv-W-Im-eØpw ssi-Xy-Im-e-Øpw kq-cy-c-iv-anIƒ `q-an-bp-sS H-cp A¿-≤-tKm-fØn¬ t\-sc ]-Xn-°p-tºmƒ a-t‰ A¿-≤-tKm-f-Øn¬ N-cn-™m-Wv- ]- Xn-°p-∂-Xv. C-Xm-Wv am-‰-Øn-s‚ Nn- {Xw. `q-an-bp-sS km-¶¬-∏n-I A-®pX-≠m-h-s´ F-√m-bv-t∏m-gpw H-tc Zni-bn¬-Ø-s∂ Nq-≠n \n¬-°p-I-bmbn-cn-°pw. Un-kw-_-dn¬ D-Ø-c-{[phw ]p-d-tØ-°pw Z-£n-W-{[p-hw AI-tØ-°p-am-bn-´m-Wv N-cn-hv h-cn-I. F-∂m¬ Pq-Wn¬ t\-sc Xn-cn-®m-Wv A-Xp-≠m-hp-I. am¿-®n-epw sk-]v-‰w- _-dn-epw {[p-h-߃ kq-cy-\n¬-\n- ∂pw Xp-ey A-I-e-Øn-em-I-Ø-° hn- [w k-am-¥-c-am-bm-Wv `q-an-bp-sS \ne D-≠m-hp-I. C-Xn-s\ Xp-S¿-∂v hk-¥w (Sprin-g), {Ko-jv-aw (Summer), i-c-Zv (Autumn), in-in-cw (Winter) F-∂n-ß-s\ {]-[m-\ \m-ep Ime A-\p-`h-߃ D-≠m-Ip-∂p. C-hn-sS G-‰-hpw Nn-¥-\o-b-am-bn- ´p-≈-Xv `q-an-°v am-{X-am-Wv C-Ø-cØn-ep-≈ H-cp sN-cn-hv D-≈-Xv F-∂- Xm-Wv. _p-[-s‚ A-£w ]-cn-{I-a-W A-£-Øn-\v k-am-¥-c-am-Wv. A-Xmb-Xv N-cn-th C-√. ip-{I-s‚ N-cn-hv -2 Un-{Kn-bm-Wv. hym-g-Øn-t‚-Xv 3 Un- {Kn-bm-Wv. A-Xn-\m¬ A-hn-sS-sbm- ∂pw E-Xp-°ƒ A-\p-ë-h-s∏-Sp-I-tb C-√. F-√m Zn-h-k-hpw H-cp-t]m-sebm-bn-cn-°pw. Nq-Spw X-Wp-∏pw a- ™pw Ip-fn-cpw F-√mw H-tc A-h-\p- `hw B-bn-cn-°pw A-hn-S-ß-fn¬ D- ≠m-hp-I. Kr-l-Øn-s‚ I-d-°w Nps‰-Øn H-cp h¿-jw ]q¿-Øn-bm-tbm F-∂-dn-bm≥ t]m-epw A-hn-S-ß-fn¬ I-gn-bn-√. A-Xn-\v \-£-{X-ß-sf-tbm a-‰p {]m-]-©n-I {]-Xn`m-k-ß-sf-tbm t\m-°p-I-√m-sX bm-sXm-cp h-gn-bpan-√. `q-an-bpw A-ß-s\ B-bn-cp-s∂- ¶n-tem? am-dn-am-dn h-cp-∂ h-k-¥-hpw {Ko-jv-a-hpw h¿-j-hpw i-c-Øpw tla-¥-hpw in-in-c-hp-an-√. `q-an-bp-sS Hcp `m-K-Øv F-t∏m-gpw a-™p ho-gp- ∂ A-h-ÿ-bm-bn-cn-°pw. A-hn-sS A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ D¬-]m-Z-\-I-c-amb Ir-jn-tbm a-t‰m \-S-°p-I-bn-√. as‰m-cp `m-K-Øv F-∂pw I-Sp-Ø th- \¬ X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw. k-ky-߃- °v h-f-cm≥ ]-‰n-b an-X-io-tXm-jv-W ta-J-e-bpw Iq-´-Øn¬ D-≠m-Ipw. ]- t£, k-ky-߃ X-fn¿-°p-I-bpw ]q- °p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂ h-k-¥-hpw ^- ew X-cp-∂ {Ko-jv-a-hpw H-∂pw thsd-th-sd Im-Wn-√. C-sX-√mw H-cp Xc-Øn-ep-≈ ap-c-Sn-∏pw \n-›-e-X-bp-amWv D-≠m-°p-I A-t∏mƒ a-\p-jy-s‚ Po-hn-X-Øn-epw B \n-›-e-X-bpw apc-Sn-∏pw A-\p-`-h-s∏-Spw. ^-e-tam {]- ]-©-Øn¬ {]-Xn-\n-[n-°v sN-øm-\p- ≈ Zu-Xy-߃ th-≠-hn-[-Øn¬ sNbv-Xp-Xo¿-°p-hm≥ I-gn-bm-Ø km-lN-cyw D-≠m-Ipw. A-Xp-≠m-hm-Xn-cn- °p-hm≥ {k„m-hv sN-bv-Xpsh-®n-cn- °p-∂ a-s‰m-cp ku-I-cy-am-Wv `q-an- {K-l-ß-fp-sS Iq-´-Øn¬ `q-an-tbm-Sv G-sd A-Sp-Øp-In-S-°p-∂-Xv N-{µ-\m-Wv. 3,82,168 In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv `q-an-bn¬-\n-∂pw N-{µ-\n-te-°p-≈ Zq-cw. `q-an-bp-sS \m-en¬ H-∂v hym-k-am-Wv N-{µ-\p-≈-Xv; `m-c-am-I-s´ F¨-]-Xn¬ H-∂pw. `q-an-bp-sS Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j-W i-‡n-bp-sS B-dn¬ H-∂p am-{X-ta N-{µ-\p-≈q. `q-an-bn¬-\n-∂pw G-sd A-I-se-b-√m-Ø A-h c-≠n-s‚-bpw Kp-cp-Xz tI-{µ-sØ tI-{µo-I-cn-®m-Wv A-Xn-s‚ k-©m-cw. A-Xp `q-an-°pw kq-cy-\p-an-S-bn¬ h-cp-tºm-gm-Wv I-dp-Ø-hm-hv D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 13 bp-sS sN-cn-hpw E-Xp-°-fpw. E-Xp-°ƒ C-√m-sX h-∂m¬ a-\p-jys‚ am-{Xa-√ {]-]-©-Øn-s‚ Hm-tcm A-Wp-hnepw Cu ap-c-Sn-∏pw \n-›-e-X-bpw A- \p-`-h-s∏-Spw. A-ß-s\ h-∂m¬ ]ns∂ Po-hn-Iƒ H-∂n-\p-th-≠n-bpw ap≥-Iq-´n H-cp-°w \-S-Øn Pm-K-cq-Icm-In-√. a-g-°m-e-Øn-\p ap-ºv `-£- Ww ti-J-cn-t°-≠ Xz-c A-h-bn¬ D-≠m-hn-√. sIm-Spw X-Wp-∏n-\p ap-ºp tZ-im-S-\-Øn-\v C-d-ßn-Øn-cn-t°-≠ ap≥-I-cp-X¬ D-≠m-hn-√. {]-Ir-Xn-bpsS ap-ºn¬ H-cp sh-√p-hn-fn-bpw D-bcn-√. E-Xp-°-tfm-Sv _-‘-s∏-´p-≈ Im¿-jn-Iw, km-aq-ln-Iw, {]-Ir-Xn-]- cw, im-co-cn-Iw Xp-S-ßn-b A-\n-hm-cyX-Iƒ-°v th-≠n k-Zm-{]-h¿-Øn-t°- ≠-tXm B-i-¶-s∏-´v s\-t´m-´-tam-tS- ≠-tXm B-b A-h-ÿ-sbm-∂pw _p- ≤n-°pw X-e-t®m-dn-\pw t\-cn-tS-≠n hcn-√. X-e-t®m-dn-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø-\w an- \n-aw a-Xn-bm-Ipw. ^-e-tam, hn-Im-kw h-f¿-® hn-I-k-\w hym-]-\w Xp-S-ßnb-h H-∂pw P-¥p-tem-I-Øn¬ D-≠mhp-I-tb sN-øm-Ø H-cp km-l-N-cyam-bn-cn-°pw D-≠m-bn-Øo-cp-I. (s{]m- ^.sI.]m-∏q-´n / 2023 am¿-®v e-°w im-kv-{X-K-Xn-bn¬ {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-® teJ-\w/https://luca.co.in). Cu sN-cn-hn-s‚-bpw C-Xn-\m¬ D- ≠m-bn-Øo-cp-∂ E-Xp-°-fp-sS-bpw G- ‰-hpw h-en-b {]-tbm-P-\-ß-fn¬ H-∂mWv Im-e-K-W-\. Im-ew F-∂-Xv {]-]- ©-Øn-se G-‰-hpw h-en-b k-Xy-amWv. B k-Xy-sØ h-ew sh-®p-sIm- ≠m-Wv F-√m B-Z¿-i-ß-fpw ÿm- ]n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw ap-t∂m-´p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sN-øp-I. A-Xn-\m¬ Im-e-K-W- \ A-km-[y-am-Ip-∂ H-cp km-l-N-cyw a-\p-jy-\v A-Nn-¥-\o-b-am-Wv. kr-„mhm-b A-√m-lp A-h-s‚ a-lm-Im-cpWyw sIm-≠v A-Xn-\p-≈ h-gn Iq-Sn a-\p-jy-\p ap-ºn¬ C-hn-sS H-cp-°n sh-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv Cu sN-cn-hv hgn. A-√m-lp ]-d-bp-∂p: kq-cy-s\ Pzen-°p-∂ sh-fn-®-hpw N-{µ-s\ {]-`-bpam-°n-b-Xv A-h-\m-Wv. h¿-j-ß-fp-sS F-Æ-hpw I-W-°pw \n-߃-°p {Kln-°m-\m-bn A-Xn-\-h≥ hn-hn-[ k- ©m-c ]-Y-߃ A-h≥ \n¿-W-bn-®p. \ym-b-am-b B-h-iym¿-∞w am-{X-ta A-√m-lp A-h kr-„n-®n-´p-≈q. h-kvXp-X-Iƒ {K-ln-°p-∂-h¿-°m-bn Ah≥ Zr-„m-¥-߃ {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. cm-∏-I-ep-Iƒ am-dn h-cp-∂-Xn-epw `ph-\-hm-\-ß-fn¬ A-√m-lp kr-„n-®n- ´p-≈-h-bn-epw kq-£v-am-ep-°-fm-b P- \-߃-°p Zr-„m-¥-ß-fp-≠ví(bq-\pkv: 5) C-hn-sS N-{µ-s\ F-Sp-Øp ]-d- ™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv {i-t≤-b-am-Wv. N-{µ≥- sd N-e-\w {]-[m-\-am-bpw Im-e-K-W- \-bp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-Wv. a-\p-jy-Pohn-X-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈ A-√m-lp-hns‚ kw-hn-[m-\w F-∂ \n-e-°v Jp¿- B≥ A-h ]-e-bn-S-Øpw kq-Nn-∏n-°p- ∂p-≠v. A-√m-lp ]-d-bp-∂p: N-{µ≥, A-Xn-\p \mw ]-e a-fi-e-ß-fpw \n- ›-bn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. A-ßs\ A-Xn-eq-sS I-S-∂p-t]m-bn-s°m-≠v H-Sp-hn¬ Cu-Ø-∏-\-bp-sS D-W-ßn-b Ip-e-®n-√-t]m-se B-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. (bm-ko≥: 29) a-s‰m-cp kq-‡-Øn¬ C-tX B-i-bw A-√m-lp C-ß-s\ Bh¿-Øn-°p-∂p: {]-hm-N-I-tc, P-\w Xm-¶-tfm-Sv N-{µ-s‚ hr-≤n-£-b-sØ Ip-dn-®v tNm-Zn-°p-∂p. ]-d-bp-I A-Xv a-\p-jy¿-°v Xn-ø-Xn-Iƒ Xn-´-s∏-SpØp-∂-Xn-\pw l-÷n-s‚ A-S-bm-f-ßfp-am-Ip-∂p.(A¬-_-J-d: 189) Im-e-KW-\-sb Cu B-b-Øn¬ A-√m-lp F-Sp-Øp ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. {K-l-ß-fp-sS Iq-´-Øn¬ `q-an-tbmSv G-sd A-Sp-Øp-In-S-°p-∂-Xv N-{µ- \m-Wv. 3,82,168 In-tem-ao-‰-dm-Wv `q-anbn¬-\n-∂pw N-{µ-\n-te-°p-≈ Zq-cw. `q-an-bp-sS \m-en¬ H-∂v hym-k-am-Wv N-{µ-\p-≈-Xv; `m-c-am-I-s´ F¨-]- Xn¬ H-∂pw. `q-an-bp-sS Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿- j-W i-‡n-bp-sS B-dn¬ H-∂p am- {X-ta N-{µ-\p-≈q. `q-an-bn¬-\n-∂pw Gsd A-I-se-b-√m-Ø A-h c-≠n-s‚- bpw Kp-cp-Xz tI-{µ-sØ tI-{µo-I-cn- ®m-Wv A-Xn-s‚ k-©m-cw. A-Xp `qan-°pw kq-cy-\p-an-S-bn¬ h-cp-tºm-gmWv I-dp-Ø-hm-hv D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. `q-anbp-sS D-]-{K-l-am-Wv N-{µ≥ F-∂ Imcyw kq-Nn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. kz-¥w A-£-Øn-ep-≈ I-d-°-hpw `q-an-°v Np- ‰p-ap-≈ I-d-°-hpw 29 Zn-h-kw sIm- ≠m-Wv A-Xp ]q¿-Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xv. Cu I-d-°w Im-c-Ww N-{µ-s‚ H-cp `m-Kw am-{X-ta `q-an-bn¬ Zr-iy-am-hpI-bp-≈q. kq-cy-s\-t∏m-se-b-√ N- {µ≥ `q-an-bn-ep-≈-h¿-°v Zr-iy-am-Ip- ∂-Xv. A-Xn-s‚ cq-]w F-∂pw hy-Xymk-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. B-Zyw N-{µ- °-e-bm-bn D-Z-bw-sN-øp-∂p; ]n-∂o-Sv Hm-tcm Zn-h-k-hpw A-Xp h-ep-Xm-bnh-cp-∂p. ]-Xn-aq-∂v Zn-h-kw-sIm-≠v AXp ]q¿-W-N-{µ-\m-bn {]-Xy-£-s∏-Sp- ∂p. Xp-S¿-∂p-≈ Zn-\-ß-fn¬ A-Xp sN-dp-Xm-bn-h-cp-∂p. A-h-km-\w Ga-µ-am-cp-X-s‚ kv-]¿-iw A-dn-bm≥ sXm-en X-s∂ th-W-a-t√m. A-¥-co-£-Øn-se Nq-Spw X-Wp-∏pw A-dn-bm-\p-≈ am-[y-aw sXm-en-bm-Wv. A-¥-co-£-hp-am-bn i-co-cw kw-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xv sXm-en-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. I-Æv A-Kv-\n-bp-sS {]-Xn-cq-]-am-Ip-∂p. I-Æn-eq-sS am-{X-ta {]-Im-i-sØ Im-Wm-\m-hq. I-Æn-eq-sS \-Ωp-sS D-≈n-ep-≈ {]-Im-i-sØ \-ap-°v a-‰p-≈-h-cn-te-°v ]-e co-Xn-bn¬ {]-Xn-^-en-∏n-°m-\pw km-≤y-am-Ip-∂p. \m-°v P-e-Øn-s‚ {]-Xn-cq-]-am-Wv. D-an-\o-cn-√m-sX \-ap-°v cp-Nn-®p t\m-°m≥ ]-‰n-√. aq-°v `q-an bp-sS {]-Xn-cq-]-am-Ip-∂p.

14 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 Xp-cq-]-Øn-em-tWm {]-Y-a-\m-fn¬ D-Z-bw-sN-bv-X-Xv AtX cq-]-Øn¬-X-s∂ B-hp-I-bpw sN-øp-∂p. C-Xp N-{µ- \v A-√m-lp \n-›-bn-® hy-h-ÿ-bm-Ip-∂p. B Ir-Xy-X sX-‰p-I km-[y-a-√. Np-cp-°-Øn¬ N-{µ≥ ap-tJ-\-bmWv `q-an-bn-ep-≈-h¿ Im-e-K-W-\ I-W-°m-°p-∂-Xv. ]- Xn-\m-ev \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°p ap-ºv A-d-_n-Iƒ N-{µ-s\ am- {X-am-bn-cp-∂-t√m Im-e-K-W-\-°v A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bn-cp- ∂-Xv. eq-Wm¿ I-e-≠¿ {]-Im-cw C-∂pw N-{µ-s‚ hr-≤n- £-b-ß-fm-Wv Im-e-K-W-\-°m-[m-cw. N-{µ≥ A-Xn-s‚ hy-h-ÿ sX-‰n-°p-∂-tXm-sS Cu K-W-\-bpw sX-‰p-∂p. C-X-s{X Jp¿-B≥ h-N-\w hy-‡-am-°p-∂-Xv: kq-cy-s\ H-cp {]-Im-i-am-°n-b-Xv A-h-\m-Ip-∂p. N-{µ-s\ A-h-s\mcp tim-ë-bm-°p-I-bpw A-Xn-\p L-´-߃ \n¿-W-bn-°pI-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p. \n-߃ sIm-√-ß-fp-sS F-Æhpw I-W-°pw A-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p th-≠n. b-Ym¿-Y {]-Imc-a-√m-sX A-√m-lp A-sXm-∂pw kr-„n-®n-´n-√. a-\- nem-°p-∂ B-fp-Iƒ-°p-th-≠n A-√m-lp sX-fn-hp-Iƒ hnin-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. (kq-d-Øp-bq-\p-kv: 5). `q-an-sb kw-_- ‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw kq-cy≥ kz-bw-X-s∂ Nq-Spw sh-fn-®-hpap-≈ H-cp hn-f-°n-s‚ ÿm-\-Øm-Wv \n¬-°p-∂-Xv. N- {µ-\m-I-s´ kq-cy-\n¬-\n-∂pw {]-Im-iw kzo-I-cn-®v AXp `q-an-°v \¬-Ip-∂ tim`-bp-sS ÿm-\-Øpw \n¬-°p- ∂p. A-Xm-Wv N-{µ-s\ A-Xn¬ H-cp {]-Im-i-tKm-f-am-°nbn-cn-°p-∂p F-∂v Jp¿-B≥ ]-d-™-Xv. X-s‚ J-eo-^-bm-b a-\p-jy-s\ A-h-s‚ Zu-Xy `uan-I-bm-b `q-an-bp-am-bpw A-Xn-s‚ {]-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bpw kr- „m-hv \-∂m-bn C-W-°n-bpw hn-f-°n-bpw tN¿-Øp F- ∂-Xv A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ kr-„n a-lm-fl-ß-fn¬ s]-Sp-∂ h-en-sbm-cp Im-cy-am-Wv. `q-an-sb-bpw a-\p-jy-s\-bpw kr- „m-hv ]-c-kv-]-cw tN¿-Øv C-W-°n-Øp-S-ßp-∂-Xv c-≠nse-bpw aq-e-I-ß-sf ]-c-kv-]-cw C-W-°n-s°m-≠m-Wv. Cu Nn-¥ \mw Xp-S-tß-≠-Xv {]-]-©-Øn¬ \n-d-™p \n¬-°p-∂-Xv ]-©`q-X-ß-fn¬ (A\m-kzn-dp¬ Jwk)\n- ∂m-Wv. hm-bp, sh-≈w, Xo, a-Æv, {]-Im-iw (B-Im-iw) F-∂n-h-bm-Wv ]-©-`q-X-߃. {]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ \n-d-™p InS-°p-∂ Cu ]-©-`q-X-߃ Hm-tcm-∂pw a-\p-jy-s‚ ico-c-Øn-epw D-≠v F-∂-Xm-Wv Iu-Xp-Iw. A-ß-s\-bmWv B C-W-°n tN¿-°¬ D-≠m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C-hbn-se hm-bp \-Ωp-sS iz-k-\ Hm-Iv-kn-P≥ B-Wv. \-ΩpsS i-co-c-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h-X \n-e-\n¿-Øp-∂-Xv Hm-Iv-knP-\m-Wv. hm-bp-hn-s‚ A-f-hv Ir-Xy-am-Ip-tºm-gm-Wv \- Ωp-sS B-tcm-Kyw Ir-Xy-X-tbm-sS \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂-Xv. am- {X-a-√, hm-bp-hm-Wv a-\p-jy-s\ N-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xpw A-hs‚ i-co-c-Øn-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-\p-≈ Du¿-÷w t]mse {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xpw. hm-bp-hn-s‚ _-e-Øn-em-Wv a- \p-jy≥ `m-c-߃ Np-a-°p-∂-Xpw k-am-\-am-b {]-h¿-ØnIƒ sN-øp-∂-Xpw. c-≠m-a-tØ-Xm-b sh-≈w \-Ωp-sS i-co-c-Øn-s‚ G-‰-hpw {]-[m-\-s∏-´ L-S-I-am-Wv. i-co-c `m-c-Øn-s‚ ]-Ip-Xn-bn-e-[n-I-hpw c-‡-ß-fpw {k-h-ßfpw F-√mw A-S-ßp-∂ P-emw-i-am-Wv. i-co-c-Øn-se B- ¥-cn-I A-h-b-h-ß-fp-sS ap-gp-h≥ \n-e-\n¬-∏v X-s∂ AXn-s\ h-I-™p \n¬-°p-∂ P-emw-i-Øn-s‚ kzm-[o-\- Øn-em-Wv F-∂-Xv H-cp k-Xy-am-Wv. i-co-c-Øn-se P-emwiw Ip-d-bp-∂-Xv H-cp-]m-Sv X-cw tcm-K-ß-fp-sS Im-c-W-amWv F-∂p sX-fn-bn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. aq-∂m-a-tØ-Xv A-Kv-\nbm-Wv. A-Xv H-∂m-a-Xm-bn \-Ωp-sS i-co-c-Øn-\v Xm-]-\naØn≥ ab°Øn¬ ad™p IÆn≥ ImgvNIƒ... {`m¥n≥ Xmfw kncIfn¬ ]S¿∂p s]men™X©v Poh\pIƒ... sNt©mcbn¬ IpXn¿∂p kz]v\߃ DS™pt]mbv kvt\l_‘߃ aqIamb sXcphpIƒ IÆocn¬ IpXn¿∂p arXyphn≥ Xmgv-hcbn¬ elcnX≥ ambmtemIw aØn≥ ab°Øn≥ aqSp]Sw acWØn≥ a©entedn aYn°p∂q {]Xntcm[sa√mw ]cmPbw `cWhpw \nbahpw t\m°pIpØn..! ˛ap\o¿hmhaqSp]Sw thcv ]qhnt\mSv aÆnem≠ndßWw sh≈w hens®SpØv tatem´pb¿ØWw hgn XSbp∂ ]mdIƒ°v amdnbngbWw ]qth..! \n\°dnbn√ Fs‚ I„∏mSv.. \ns‚ kuµcyw \ns‚ kucëyw BkzZn°p∂h¿°pw..! -Alv-aZv- _mJhn PmXntbcn -- k¿K]Yw

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 15 e D-d-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂p. \-Ωp-sS i-co-c-Øn-s‚ k-Po-h-X \n-e-\n¿-Øp-hm≥ B-h-iy-am-b Nq-Sv {]-Zm-\w sN-øp-∂- Xv A-Kv-\n-bm-Wv. \-Ωp-sS i-co-cw H-cp {]-tXy-I Xm-]-\ne \n-e-\n¿-Øp-∂-Xv sIm-≠m-Wv A-Xn-\p-≈n-ep-≈ {kh-߃ tI-Sp-h-cm-Ø-Xpw amw-kw A-gp-Im-Ø-Xpw. Poh≥ \-„-s∏-´p I-gn-™m¬ D-S-s\ i-co-cw X-Wp-Øp-d- ™p t]m-Ip-∂-Xpw A-[n-Iw ssh-Im-sX i-co-cw A-gpIp-hm≥ Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xpw B Xm-]-\n-e C-√m-Ø-Xp Im-cW-Øm-em-Wv. A-{]-Im-cw X-s∂ A-Kv-\n F-∂ Cu aq-eI-am-Wv \-Ωp-sS i-co-c-Øn-se Z-l-\-{]-{In-b-bv-°v k-lm-bI-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Z-l-\w F-∂p ]-d-™m¬ X-s∂ I-Øn-°¬ F-∂m-Wv A¿-∞w. \-Ωp-sS i-co-cw kzo-I-cn-°p-∂ B-lmc-ß-sf Z-ln-∏n-®v A-Y-hm I-Øn-®v Du¿-÷-am-°n am-‰p-∂ {]-{In-b \-S-°p-∂-Xv i-co-c-Øn¬ A-Kv-\n-bp-sS kzm-[o- \w D-≠m-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. \m-em-a-tØ-Xv `q-an-bm-Wv. a-Æv F-∂m-Wv C-Xn-s‚ hn-h-£. \-Ωp-sS i-co-c-sØ {]-tXy-I B-Ir-Xn-bn¬ \n-e-\n¿-Øp-∂-Xv i-co-c-Øn-se F-√p-I-fpw ]-√p-I-fpw Xp-S-ßn _-e-ap-≈ L-S-I-ß-fm-Wv. A-h Hm-tcm-∂pw Cu aq-e-I-sØ-bm-Wv {]-Xn-\n-[m-\w sN-øp-∂-Xv. A-Xn-√m-sX h-∂m¬ i-co-c-Øn-se amw-k-t]-in-Iƒ-°v am-{Xw Btcm-Ky-sØ kw-`cn-®p-sh-°m-t\m D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm-t\m I-gn-bm-sX h-cpw. am-{X-a-√ A-t∏mƒ \-Ωp-sS i-co-c-Øns‚ B-Im-cw, B-Ir-Xn, A-h h-gn D-≠m-Ip-∂ `w-Kn XpS-ßn-b-h-sb-√mw am-dp-I-bpw X-I-cm-dn-em-Ip-I-bpw sN-øpw. ]-©`q-X-ß-fn¬ A-©m-a-sØ-Xm-b B-Im-i-am-I-s´ a- \p-jy-s‚ a-\- v, _p-≤n Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bp-am-bn _-‘-s∏- ´-Xm-Wv. A-h-bm-Wv a-\p-jy-s‚ Po-hn-X-Øn-\v sh-fn-®- hpw sh-fn-hpw \¬-Ip-∂-Xv. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ A-h A-\-¥-am-Wv. C-tXm-sSm-∏w X-s∂ a-\- n-em-t°-≠p-∂ a-s‰m-cp Im-cy-am-Wv Hm-tcm `q-X-sØ-bpw {]-Xn-\n-[m-\w sN-øp-∂ A-h-b-h-߃ Iq-Sn D-≠v F-∂-Xv. Nn-e Bflo-b im-kv-{X-߃ A-ß-s\ ]-d-bp-I-tbm hym-Jym-\n- °p-I-tbm sN-øp-∂p-≠v. Im-Xv B-Im-i-Øn-s‚ {]-Xn-cq- ]-am-Ip-∂p. Im-c-Ww B-Im-iw {]-]-© i-–-ß-fp-sS am-[y-aw B-Ip-∂p. {]-]-©-Øn-se X-cw-K-ß-sf i-co-cØn¬ k-∂n-th-in-∏n-°m≥ Im-Xp Iq-Sm-sX ]-‰n-√. sXmen hm-bp-hn-s‚ {]-Xn-cq-]-am-Ip-∂p. a-µ-am-cp-X-s‚ kv-]¿-iw A-dn-bm≥ sXm-en X-s∂ th-W-a-t√m. A-¥-co-£-Øn-se Nq-Spw X-Wp-∏pw A-dnbm-\p-≈ am-[y-aw sXm-en-bm-Wv. A-¥-co-£-hp-am-bn ico-cw kw-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xv sXm-en-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. I-Æv A-Kv- \n-bp-sS {]-Xn-cq-]-am-Ip-∂p. I-Æn-eq-sS am-{X-ta {]-Imi-sØ Im-Wm-\m-hq. I-Æn-eq-sS \-Ωp-sS D-≈n-ep-≈ {]-Im-i-sØ \-ap-°v a-‰p-≈-h-cn-te-°v ]-e co-Xn-bn¬ {]-Xn-^-en-∏n-°m-\pw km-≤y-am-Ip-∂p. \m-°v P-e-Øn-s‚ {]-Xn-cq-]-am-Wv. D-an-\o-cn-√m-sX \-ap-°v cp-Nn-®p t\m-°m≥ ]-‰n-√. aq-°v `q-anbp-sS {]-Xn-cq-]-am-Ip-∂p. `q-an-sb A-Yhm a-Æn-s\ a-W-Øp \-ap-°v A-dn-bm≥ ]-‰p-∂p. a-Ænse {]-X-e-sØ aq-°n-s‚ In-S-∏n-s\-bpw cq-]-sØ-bpw h-f-sc A¿-∞-h-Øm-b co-Xn-bn¬ Xm-c-X-ayw sN-ømw. hm-k-\ \-Ωn¬ Nn-¥-Iƒ D-±o-]n-∏n-°p-∂ t]m-se Xm-akn-°p-∂ `q-an-bpw \-Ωn¬ ]-e am-‰-ß-fpw D-≠m-°p-∂p. (C.Sn ap-l-Ω-Zv _m-J-hn/{]-]-©-hpw a-\p-jy-\pw / anUv-ln¬ _p-Iv-kv), (sI th-Wp-tKm-]m-e≥ /http-s:// enaaraayam.blogspot.com) A\izc {]Imiw ssZhØn≥ AºpIƒ F≥ lrZbØn¬ Xf®p A‘ImcØnemgv∂ lrZbw sat√ ]p©ncn hnS¿Øn Fs¥∂dnbn√ AºpIƒ°p h√msX aq¿®bmWv Debn¬ DuXnbqXn ASn®a¿Ønb IØnbpsS aq¿® ]m]ßfpsS AkdpIƒî sat√ am™pXpSßn IpØnsbmgpIp∂ IuamcØns‚bv a\w am‰nbXv Cemlns‚bv Akv{Xßfmbncp∂p Cemlns‚bv tXmg≥ F≥ D≈n¬ Cemlns\ P\n∏n®p ap -Ωn¬ sI. Ipgn-tb-߬ Xn-c-°v Nq-fw hn-fn-bp-sS B-c-hw a-dp-`m-K-Øv bm-N-I¿ Xn-°n-Xn-c-°n B-cm-®m-dp-Iƒ [y-Xn Iq-´n kv-t\-ln-X-cpw A-h-km-\w... F-√m-Xn-c-°pw am-‰n-sh-®v Rm≥ B-kv-]-{Xn-bn-epw ˛du-jm-Zv ]n Io-gq¿ Cu ]w‡n-bn-te-°p≈ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ sabn¬ sNømw: sunniafkar@gmail.com

16 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 sabn³ tÌmdn ]n.-sI. kCuZv ]q\q¿ -\p-jy-s\ km-aq-ln-I-Po-hn-bm -bn \n-e-\n¿-Øp-∂-Xpw {I-a-_- ≤-am-b k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ \n-e-\n¬-∏n- \v k-lm-bn-°p-∂-Xpw A-h-s‚ \n-bam-\p-k-c-W _m-[y-X-bm-Wv. B _m- [y-X-sb-°p-dn-®v A-h-s\ \n-c-¥-cw Hm¿-an-∏n-°p-∂-Xv hn-ti-j-_p-≤n-bmWv. hn-th-N-\-ti-jn-sb-bpw hn-ti-j- _p-≤n-sb-bpw km-c-am-bn _m-[n-°pI-bpw \-in-∏n-®p-I-f-bp-I-bpw sN-øpC\nbpw c£ \¬ImØ in£m \nba߃ a \n-b-a-X-Øz-im-kv-{X-Øn¬ \n-]p-W-cm-b ]-fin-X-∑m¿ ]-d-bp-∂-Xv, a-\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ ssi-i-h-Z-i-bn¬ C-ß-s\-bm-Wv \n-b-a-߃ B-hn-jv-I-cn-°-s∏-´pXp-S-ßn-b-Xv F-∂m-Wv. A-ß-s\ Hm-tcm Ip-Spw-_-Øn-epw tKm-{X-Øn-epw sh-t∆-sd \n-b-a-kw-ln-X-Iƒ cq-]-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. ]n-s∂-∏n-s∂ Cu tKm-{X-߃-°n-S-bn¬ cm-{„o-b t_m-[w i-‡n-s∏-Sp-I-bpw A-sXm-cp cm-{„-cq-]w ssI-s°m-≈p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. C-Xm-Wv \n-b-am-hn-jv-Im-c-Øn-s‚ c-≠mw L-´w. \n-b-a-߃ G-Io-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw F-√m-h¿-°pw _m-[-I-am-°p-I-bp-am-Wv C-hn-sS.

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 17 cn-{X-Im-c-∑m-cpw \n-b-a-K-th-j-I-cpw hn-h-cn-®n-´p-≠v. {]-ap-J-cm-b sociologist I-fpw \-c-hw-i-im-kv-{X-⁄-cpw a-\p-jy-\n¿-an-X \n-b-a-hy-h-ÿn-Xn-bpsS ]-cn-Wm-aw Ir-Xy-am-bn tc-J-s∏- Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. hn-i-Zmw-i-ß-fn-se `n- ∂-X-Iƒ am-‰n-\n¿-Øn-bm¬ A-Xn-s‚ D-¤-h-sØ-°p-dn-®v A-h¿ ap-t∂m-´psh-°p-∂ s]m-Xp-hm-b B-i-bw, IpSpw-_-Øn-s‚-bpw tKm-{X-Øn-s‚-bpw B-hn¿`m-h-tØm-sS-bm-Wv A-Ø-cw \n-b-a-߃ D-S-se-Sp-Ø-Xv F-∂m-Wv. Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se hy-‡n-Iƒ kz¿-Y Xm¬-]-cy-ß-fm¬ t{]-cn-X-cm-bn a-‰p- ≈-h-cp-sS A-h-Im-i-߃ I-h¿-s∂- Sp-°m≥ Xp-S-ßn-b-t∏mƒ, hy-‡n-Iƒs°-√mw _m-[-I-am-b Nn-e s]m-Xp \n-b-a-߃ Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-cp-sS-bpw Ah-Im-i-߃ kw-c-£n-°m≥ A-\n-hmcy-am-sW-∂ tXm-∂¬ D-≠m-bn. CØ-cw \n-b-a-߃-°v A-Sn-ÿm-\-ambn h¿-Øn-®-Xv tKm-{X-ß-fp-sS-bpw IpSpw-_-ß-fp-sS-bpw B-Nm-c-ß-fpw k- {º-Zm-b-ß-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu k-{ºZm-b-ß-fn¬ Ip-Spw-_/tKm-{X-Ø-eh≥ Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂-tX-tXm A-Xv \n-b-a-am-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. \n-b-a-X-Øz-im-kv-{X-Øn¬ \n-]pW-cm-b ]-fin-X-∑m¿ ]-d-bp-∂-Xv, a- \p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ ssi-i-h-Z-ibn¬ C-ß-s\-bm-Wv \n-b-a-߃ Bhn-jv-I-cn-°-s∏-´p-Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv F-∂mWv. A-ß-s\ Hm-tcm Ip-Spw-_-Øn-epw tKm-{X-Øn-epw sh-t∆-sd \n-b-a-kwln-X-Iƒ cq-]-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. ]ns∂-∏n-s∂ Cu tKm-{X-߃-°n-S-bn¬ cm-{„o-b t_m-[w i-‡n-s∏-Sp-I-bpw A-sXm-cp cm-{„-cq-]w ssI-s°m-≈pI-bpw sN-bv-Xp. C-Xm-Wv \n-b-am-hnjv-Im-c-Øn-s‚ c-≠mw L-´w. \n-b-a߃ G-Io-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw F-√mh¿-°pw _m-[-I-am-°p-I-bp-am-Wv Chn-sS. Hm-tcm tKm-{X-hpw B-hn-jv-Icn-®-Xv hy-Xy-kv-X \n-b-a kw-ln-X-Ifm-sW-¶n-epw kp-ÿn-Xn-bpw k-am-[m- \-hpw \n¿`b-Xz-hp-ap-≠m-h-W-sa-¶n¬ `n-∂-X-Iƒ am-‰n-sh-®v s]m-Xp \n-b-a߃ B-hn-jv-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂ t_m- [y-Øn-te-°v A-h¿ F-Øp-I-bm-Wv. `u-Xn-I \n-b-am-hn-jv-Im-c-Øn-s‚ aq- ∂-sØ \n-e-bn¬ F-Øn-t®¿-∂-Xv F-∂v A-dn-™n-cn-°-Ww. F-¥m-Wv a-\p-jy-\n¿-an-X \n-b-a-ß-fp-sS D-≈- S-°w? ssi-i-hw sXm-´v C-s∂m-cp kw-kv-Im-c-hpw \m-K-cn-I-X-bp-am-bn hf¿-s∂-Øpw-h-sc-bp-≈ A-Xn-s‚ {]- bm-W-Øn¬ G-sXm-s° L-S-I-ß-fmWv ]-¶p-h-ln-®n-´p-≈-Xv? \n-b-a-Øns‚ {I-a-{]-hr-≤-am-b h-f¿-® F-ßs\-bm-Wv Nn-{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv? A-Xns‚ Xp-S-°w F-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p? A-Xn-s‚ t]m-j-W-Øn-\pw h-f¿-®- °pw F-s¥m-s° hn-`h-ß-fm-Wv D- ]-tbm-K-s∏-S-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv? ]q¿-W-Xbn-te-s°-Øp-∂-Xv km-[y-am-tWm? `u-Xn-I \n-b-a-X-Øz-߃ F-ßs\ cq-]-s∏-´p-sh-∂v {]-ap-J-cm-b N- ∂ am-c-I e-l-cn-h-kv-Xp-°ƒ \-ΩpsS k-aq-l-Øn¬ `£y-[m-\y-ß-sf- °mƒ kp-e-`-am-bn e-`y-am-bn-s°m-≠ncn-°p-∂p F-∂ bm-Ym¿-Yy-sØ A¿- ln-°p-∂ Ku-c-h-tØm-sS-X-s∂ ImWp-I-bpw ]-cn-lm-c-{]-Xn-tcm-[ am¿-K߃ kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-tø-≠-Xv im-¥ km-aq-ln-I-Po-hn-Xw B-{K-ln- °p-∂ Hm-tcm a-\p-jy-s‚-bpw _m-[yX-bm-Wv. A-Xn-e-∏p-dw \n-b-a-hy-hÿn-Xn-bn¬ F-hn-sS-bm-Wv hn-≈-epIƒ F-∂-Xm-Wv A-Xn-te-sd Ku-c-hX-c-am-b Nn-¥. a-\p-jy-\n¿-an-X \n-b-a-Øn-s‚ AI-km-cw a-\- n-em-°-W-sa-¶n¬ BZy-am-bn, a-\p-jy-cp-≠m-°n-b \n-b-a߃ G-Xv L-´-߃ ]n-∂n-´m-Wv C-

18 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 ∂mw L-´w B-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xv ]-Xn-s\- ´mw \q-‰m-≠n-s‚ A-h-km-\-Øn-emWv. hn-hn-[ P-\-k-aq-l-߃-°n-S-bnse \n-b-a-kw-ln-X-Iƒ X-Ωn-ep-≈ hy-Xym-k-߃ C-√m-Xm-°m-\p-≈ ss[-j-Wn-I b-Xv-\-ß-fpw Im-Wp-∂p- ≠v. \n-b-am-hn-jv-Im-c-Øn-\v B-Nm-cß-sf-bpw k-{º-Zm-b-ß-sf-bpw A-hew-_n-°p-∂ co-Xn H-gn-hm-°-W-sa-∂ i-‡-am-b B-h-iy-ap-b-cp-∂-Xv Cu L-´-Øn-em-Wv. \o-Xn, k-a-Xzw, kzmX-{¥yw, a-\p-jy-Xzw Xp-S-ßn-b km¿- h-eu-In-I aq-ey-߃ A-Sn-ÿm-\-s∏- Sp-Øn-bm-h-Ww \n-b-a-\n¿-am-Ww F- ∂ B-i-b-am-Wv ap-t∂m-´p-sh-°-s∏- ´-Xv. F-∂m¬, B-[p-\n-I cm-{„ k- ¶¬-∏-߃-°-I-Øv, hn-in-jym Post modern Period ¬ cq-]-s∏-´ \n-b-akw-ln-X-Iƒ k-a-{K-a-√ F-∂ ]-£- am-Wv tkm-tjym-f-Pn-Ãp-I-fn¬ t]mepw _-lp-`q-cn`m-Kw. Secular laws hyh-ÿm-]n-X-am-tWm F-∂ N¿-® hsc social Anthropologybn¬ \-S-°p- ∂p-≠v. kz-¥w ]u-c¿-°p-th-≠n ]-c-am- [n-Im-c-cm-{„w cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xpw ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂-Xp-am-b I-ev-]-\-Ifpw A-h-ew-Ln-°-s∏-´m¬ _m-[-Iam-°-s∏-Sp-∂ in-£-I-fpw kw-_-‘n- ® hy-h-ÿ-I-fp-sS k-am-lm-c-am-Wv \n-b-a-߃ F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p tPm¨ B-Ãn≥ F-∂ {_n-´o-jv ssk-≤m-¥nI≥ \n-b-a-Øn-\v \¬-In-b Xm-Xzn-I \n¿-h-N-\w. Xp-S¿-∂v tPm¨ km¬- a-≠v (John Salmond) \n-b-a-sØ \nco-£n-®-Xv \o-Xn-bp-sS \n¿-h-l-WØn-\m-bp-≈ D-]m-[n-bm-b N-´-hy-hÿ-I-fp-sS kw-ln-X-sb-∂m-Wv. \oXn-\n¿-h-l-Ww F-∂ A-¥n-a-e-£yØn-te-°p-≈ am¿-Kw am-{X-am-Wv \nb-aw F-∂v A-t±-lw Nq-≠n-°m-´n. 19mw \q-‰m-≠n¬ hy-‡n-kzm-X-{¥y-a- ’-cm-[n-jvTn-X k-aq-l kn-≤m-¥-Øns‚ {]-Nm-c-I¿ \-ev-In-b hym-Jym-\- a-\p-k-cn-®v Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-cp-sS-bpw Ah-Im-i-ß-fp-sS-bpw A-cp-Xp-I-fp-sSbpw k-am-lm-c-am-Wv \n-b-aw. 20-mw \q- ‰m-≠n-s‚ Xp-S-°-Øn¬ A-ta-cn-°≥ \n-b-a-im-kv-{X-Im-c-\m-b td-kv-tIm ]u-≠v km-aq-ly ]p-\¿-\n¿am-W-Øn- \p-≈ D-]-I-c-W-am-Wv \n-b-a-sa-∂mWv hn-h-£n-®-Xv. Post modern k-aq-l-sØ A-S- °w Kp-W-]-c-am-bn am-‰n-Øo¿-°m≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂ H-cp B-bp-[-sa- ∂ {]m-tbm-Kn-I k-ao-]-\-am-Wv At±-lw A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. Np-cp-°- Øn¬, ]-cn-an-X-hpw k-¶p-Nn-X-hp-amb X-e-Øn¬ \n-b-X-hpw \n-›n-X-hpam-b N-´-hy-h-ÿ-tbm X-Øz-tam hn- [n-tbm B-Wv B-[p-\n-I tZ-i-cm-{„- ß-fn¬ cq-]o-Ir-X-am-b P-\m-[n-]-Xykn-hn¬ \n-b-a hy-h-ÿn-Xn. H-∏w ]pcm-X-\ `m-c-X-Øn¬ \n-e-\n-∂ \n-ba-hy-h-ÿ-bp-sS A-h-ti-jn-∏p-I-fpw ssh-tZ-in-Im-[n-]-Xy-Øn-\p Io-gn¬ cq-]-s∏-´v hn-I-kn-® hy-h-ÿm-]n-X L-S-I-ß-fpw G-tIm-]n-∏n-®m-Wv C-∂v C-¥y-bn-se \n-b-a-kw-hn-[m-\w Xp-Scp-∂-Xv. \n-b-a-hm-gv-N-bp-sS B-[m-c-amb `c-W-L-S-\-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-b cm- {„-L-S-\-bpw Xp-ey-X-kzm-X-{¥yw-\oXn F-∂n-h-bn-e-Sn-bp-d-® ]u-cm-h-Imi-hpw km-tlm-Z-cyw- A-J-fi-X-k-

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 19 a`m-h-\ F-∂n-h {]-I-S-am-°p-∂ kaq-l-{I-a-hp-am-Wv k-a-Im-en-I C-¥y≥ \n-b-a-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-s‚ {]-Xy-£-kz- `m-hw. C-¥y-bn-se {In-an-\¬ \n-b-a-hy-h-ÿ-bpw `m-c-Xo-b \ym-b kw-ln-X-bpw (C-¥y≥ \o-Xn-\ym-b \n-b-aw) Im-tem-Nn-X-am-b in-£m-\-S-]-SnI-fpw t]m-fn-kn-I-fpw D-d-∏m-°p-∂ coXn-bn-em-Wv cq-]-I¬-∏-\ sN-bv-X-Xv. A-tX-k-a-bw, h¿-jw-tXm-dpw Ip-‰-IrXy-ß-fp-sS \n-c-°v h¿-[n-®p-h-cp-∂- Xm-bm-Wv National crime record beauro A-S-°-ap-f-f G-P≥- kn-I-fp-sS Hu-tZ-ym-Kn-I hn-h-c-߃ kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw, C-¥y≥ {In-an-\¬ \n-b-a-hy-h-ÿbn¬ \n-e-hn-ep-≈ t]m-cm-bv-a-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW-∂pw A-h ]-cn-lcn-°m-\p-≈ am¿-K-߃ F-s¥m-s°- bm-sW-∂pw k-a-{K-am-bn ]Tn-t°-≠- Xp-≠v. {]-[m-\-am-bpw aq-∂v {]-[m-\ t]m-fn-kn-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv C-¥y≥ {In-an-\¬ \n-b-a-߃ \n-b-{¥n-°-s∏- Sp-∂-Xv: C-¥y≥ ]o-\¬ tIm-Uv (IPC), 1860, {In-an-\¬ s{]m-ko-P¿ tIm-Uv (CrPC), 1973 F-hn-U≥-kv B-Iv-‰v, 1872 , C-h k-a-{K-am-bn coXn-bn¬ \-S-∏m-t°-≠-Xv {In-an-\¬ P-Ãn-kv kn-Ã-Øn-s‚ Zu-Xy-am-Wv. F-∂m¬, \n-b-a-hy-h-ÿ-bn-epw \-S- ∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-epw \n-c-h-[n ]n-g-hpIƒ D-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. N-C-R-B-bp-sS 2023-se dn-t∏m¿-´n-\v A-\p-k-cn-®v, C- ¥y-bn¬ 2022-¬ am-{Xw 60 e-£-Øne-[n-Iw {In-an-\¬ tI-kp-Iƒ c-Pnÿ sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v. kv-{Xo-Iƒ-s°-Xnsc-bp-≈ Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-߃ 4.5 iXam\w h¿-[n-®p. B¨-Ip-´n-I-fpw sNdp-∏-°m-cpw sN-øp-∂ \-S-°p-∂ ss{Iw tI-kp-Iƒ 48 iX-am\w h¿[n-®-Xm-bn dn-t∏m¿-´v ]-d-bp-∂p. tIm-hn-Uv-19 Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ (2020- ˛2021) Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fp-sS \n-c-°v Ipd-bp-I-bp-≠m-sb-¶n-epw, 2022-¬ ho- ≠pw h¿-≤-\-hn-te-°v h-∂-Xm-Wv ss{Iw sd-t°m¿-Uv _yq-tdm-bp-sS dnt∏m¿-´v. \-∑ Xn-c-kv-Ir-X-hpw Xn-∑ kzoIm-cy-hp-am-bn am-dp-∂-Xm-Wv \-h-temI-{I-a-Øn-s‚ km-aq-ln-I ÿn-Xn-hnti-jw. km-aq-ln-I-Po-hn-sb-∂ \n¿- h-N-\-h-e-bw t`-Zn-®p-sIm-≠v kzm¿- Y-kzm-\p-cm-K Po-hn-bn-te-°p-≈ ]-cnWm-a-Z-i-bn-em-Wv B-[p-\n-I a-\pjy≥ e-l-cn-s°m-e-]m-X-I-ß-fpw ]ptcm-K-a-\-hm-Z-ß-fpw A-Xm-Wv sX-fnbn-°p-∂-Xv. kn-hn¬ \n-b-a-߃ I¿- i-\-am-bn-´p t]m-epw a-Zyw e-l-cn ab-°p-a-cp-∂v F-∂n-h-bp-sS H-fn-Ømh-fw {]-[m-\-am-bpw I-em-e-b-ß-fm-bn am-dn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wn-∂v. Iym-º-kp-Ifn¬ \-S-°p-∂ A-{I-a-ß-fp-sS-bpw Imc-Ww cm-{„o-b-am-bm-epw A-s√-¶n-epw e-l-cn-bpw a-b-°p-a-cp-∂pw {]-[m-\ ]- ¶v h-ln-°p-∂-Xm-bn I-s≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpw. B¨Ip-´n-I-sf-°mƒ Iq-SpX¬ s]¨-Ip-´n-I-fm-Wv Iym-º-kp-Ifn¬ C-Xn-s‚ hm-‡m-°ƒ. k¿-thI-fn¬ A-dp-]-Xv i-X-am-\-tØm-fw s]¨-Ip-´n-I-fm-Wn-h-°v A-Sn-a-bm-bn am-dp-∂-Xv F-∂v hm¿-Ø sR-´n-∏n-°p- ∂-h-bm-Wv. am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ, Kp-cp-\mY¿, k-aq-ln-I-a-cym-Z-Iƒ Xp-S-ßn-b hn-im-e-]-cn-K-W-\-Iƒ A-{]-k-‡-amhp-I-bpw tI-h-ew `c-W-L-S-\-]-c-amb \n-b-a-h-iw am-{Xw B-[m-c-am-hpI-bpw sN-øp-∂ [m¿-an-I hy-h-ÿ H-∂mw L-´-Øn-e-s√-¶n¬ c-≠mw-L- ´-Øn¬ Xo¿-®-bm-bpw A-]-cn-lm-cyam-b a-t\m-tcm-K-am-bn ]-cn-W-an-°p-sa- ∂-Xn-\v C-\n-bpw sX-fn-hp-Iƒ tNmZn-°p-∂-h¿ k-aq-l-tØm-Sv _m-[y-Xbn-√m-Ø-h-cm-Wv. ssk-_¿ \n-b-a-߃ C-{X-tb-sd i-‡-am-b a-s‰m-cp Im-e-b-f-hv C-¥ybn-ep-≠m-bn-´n-√. F-∂n-´pw ssk-_¿ Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-߃ {I-ta-W h¿-[n-°p-Ibm-Wv. h-b-e≥-kp-≈ kn-\n-a-I-fpw ]m-´p-I-fp-sam-s° ap-tº-bp-≠v. ]- t£, A-sX-√mw A-Uƒ-´v I-≠≥-dmbn H-Xp-°m-\p-≈ km-l-N-cy-hpw ]- Iz-X-bpw a-\p-jy¿-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A-Xn-\m¬ h-b-e≥-kpw ssew-Kn-Imcm-P-I-Xz-hpw sN-dn-b a-°-fn-te-°v t\m¿-a-sse-kv sN-bv-Xv F-Øn-bn-cp- ∂n-√. F-∂m¬ Post modern tem-IØv ]p-tcm-K-a-\-Øn-s‚î A-f-hv IqSn. sS-Iv-t\m-f-Pn k¿-h-hym-]n-bm-hpI-bpw, a-\p-jy¿-°v Im-cy-߃ F-fp- ∏-am-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂ D-]m-[n F-∂- Xn¬ \n-∂v am-dn, a-\p-jy-s‚ kz-Imcy C-S-ß-fn-te-°v I-b-dn-h-∂v B-{Kl-ß-sf-bpw Xo-cp-am-\-ß-sf-bpw hsc am-\n-∏p-te-‰v sN-øp-∂ Im-ew hcn-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. em-`w F-∂-Xn-\v ap-ºn¬ a-s‰m-cp am-\p-jn-I ]-cn-K-W- \-bpw ]m-en-°m-Ø t{]m-U-Œp-Iƒ `- e-l-cn-s°m-e-]m-X-I-ß-fpw ]p-tcm-K-a-\-hm-Z-ß-fpw A-Xm-Wv sX-fn-bn-°p-∂-Xv. kn-hn¬ \n-b-a-߃ I¿-i-\-am-bn-´p t]m-epw a-Zyw e-l-cn a-b-°p-a-cp-∂v F-∂n-h-bp-sS H-fn-Øm-h-fw {]-[m-\-am-bpw I-em-e-b-ß-fm-bn am-dn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wn-∂v. Iym-º-kp-I-fn¬ \-S-°p-∂ A-{I-a-ß-fp-sS-bpw Im-c-Ww cm-{„o-b-am-bm-epw A-s√-¶n-epw e-l-cn-bpw a-b-°p-a-cp-∂pw {]-[m-\ ]-¶v h-ln-°p-∂-Xm-bn I-s≠-Øm≥ I-gn-bpw.

20 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 £-W-Øn-epw, F‚¿-sS-bn≥-sa≥-dnepw, \yq-kn-epw h-∂p. A-tXm-sS, kmaq-ly-kw-kv-I-c-Ww F-∂ X-cn-ºv AP-≠ t]m-epw C-√m-sX sk≥-tkj≥ I-Øn-s®-Sp-°p-I F-∂-Xp am- {X-am-bn ]-c-º-cm-K-X ao-Un-b-bp-sS t]m-epw e-£yw Np-cp-ßn. cm-{„o-b N¿-®-I-fn¬ t]m-epw k-Xy-k-‘-ambpw bp-‡n-k-l-am-bpw Im-cy-߃ A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-h-tc-°mƒ _n.Pn.Fw C-Sm≥ ]m-I-Øn-ep-≈ ]- ©v U-b-tem-Kp-Iƒ sIm-Sp-°p-∂-h¿- °v {]m-[m-\y-ta-dn. tkm-jy¬ ao-Un-b A-Xns‚ A¬-tKm-cn-Xw B-cv hn-e-s°-Sp-°pt∂m A-h¿-°v th-≠n am-{Xw A-Xv {]-h¿-Øn-®p. B¿.F-kv.F-kv s^-bvk-_p-°n-s\ hn-e-s°-Sp-Ø-Xv {]-kn- ≤-am-W-t√m. h¿-Ko-b-X-bpw A-«o-ehpw h-b-e≥-kpw Im-Wp-∂-h¿-°v A¬-tKm-cn-Xw A-Xp X-s∂ \¬-In A-h-sc Iq-Sp-X¬ ^m-kn-Ãp-I-fpw hnj-bm-k-‡-cpw lnw-km-{]-a-Ø-cp-am- °n. em`am-Wv ]-c-º-cm-K-X ao-Un-bbp-sS-bpw tkm-jy¬ ao-Un-bp-sS-bpw ap-X-em-fn-am-cp-sS ap-Jy-e-£yw, A-√msX kmw-kv-Im-cn-I ]p-tcm-K-Xn-tbm a-\p-jy-sc \-∂m-°-tem A-√. B-bncp-s∂-¶n¬ A-h-bn-ß-s\ {]-h¿-Øn- °n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. C‚¿-s\-‰v tem-I-Øv h-b-e≥-kntem, A-«o-e-Øn-tem, km-º-Øn-I {Sm-∏n-tem s]-´v t]m-b-h-sc c-£-s∏- Sp-Øm≥ A-Xp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ I- ≠‚ v Hm-tcm hy-‡n-°pw \n-›n-Xi-X-am-\-Øn-\-∏p-dw \¬-Im-Xn-cn-°m- \p-≈ Hm-]v-j≥ \n-e-hn-se A¬-tKmcn-X-߃ \¬-Ip-∂n-√. A-Xv A-km- [y-a√m-Xn-cp-∂n-´pw sN-øm-Ø-Xn-\v Imc-Ww, A-h-sb Un-ssk≥ sN-øp-∂ sS-Iv-t\m-{Im-‰p-I-fp-sS ^n-tem-k-^n em-am-Wv F-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu ^n-tem-k- ^n-bn¬ A-[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv tem-IsØ an-°-hm-dpw F-√m a-\p-jy-kwcw-`ß-fpw. sa-Un-kn≥, B-tcm-Kyw, e-l-cn, I-e-bpw km-ln-Xy-hpw K-thj-W-hpw h-sc A-ß-s\-bm-Wv. Aan-X-am-b h-b-e≥-kv Ip-Øn-\n-d-®m-Wv Ip-´n-I-fp-sS Hm¨-sse≥ sK-bn-ap-Ifpw Im¿-´q-Wp-I-fpw ]p-d-Øn-d-ßp-∂- Xv F-∂-Xpw Cu ^n-tem-k-^n-bp-sS km¿-h-{Xn-I-X-°v sX-fn-hm-Wv. en-_- d¬ B-[p-\n-I hy-h-ÿ-b-√m-sX tem-I-Øv C-t∂ h-sc H-cp \m-K-cn-IX-bpw h-b-e≥-kn-s\ C-{X-ta¬ kz- ¥w Ip-´n-Iƒ-°v F‚¿-ssS≥-sa≥-dn- \v th-≠n t\m¿-a-sse-kv sN-bv-Xn-´ns√-∂v \¬-In-bn-´n-s√-∂v ssi-Jv lwk bq-kp-^v H-cn-°¬ {]-k-Xm-hn-®ncp-∂p. a-\p-jy-s‚ tem-e-hn-Im-c-ß-sf Nq-j-Ww sN-bv-Xv A-Xn-eq-sS em-`-ap- ≠m-°m≥ th-≠n Un-ssk≥ sN-øs∏-´ Cu C-t°m kn-Ã-Øn¬; e-lcn, ssew-Kn-Im-cm-P-I-Xzw, h-b-e≥-kv F-∂n-h-sb A-[ym-]-I¿, c-£n-Xm- °ƒ, km-aq-ly-{]-h¿-Ø-I¿ F-∂o A-tXm-dn-‰n-Iƒ ssI-Im-cyw sN-øp-∂- Xv F-{X-tØm-fw sh-√p-hn-fn \n-d-™- Xm-Wv F-∂-Xm-Wv A-Xn-{]-[m-\w. kz- ¥w i-co-c-Øn-\pw ss\-Xn-I-X-°pw ta-ep-≈ kzm-X-{¥yw, tNm-bv-kv F- ∂n-h D-b¿-Øn-°m-Wn-®v Cu A-tXmdn-‰n-I-sf-sb-√mw Un-kv-{I-Un-‰v sN-øpI-bpw A-h-sc-sb-√mw tSm-Iv-kn-°v B-bn {]-Jym-]n-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p en-_-d¬ ]p-tcm-K-a-\ k-aq-lw H-cp Im-e-Øv sN-bv-X-Xv. l-b¿ sk-°-≠- dn-bn-se B¨-Ip-´n-bpw s]¨-Ip-´nbpw X-Ωn¬ {]-W-bn-®m¬ A-Xv Iuam-c-Im-e-sØ bodily infatuation BsW-∂pw C-t∏mƒ A-Xn-t\-°mƒ {]- [m-\w ]T-\-am-Wv F-∂pw D-]-tZ-in- °p-∂ kzm-`m-hn-I C-S-s]-S-en-s\ t]mepw A-h¿ toxic B-°n-am-‰n. A-tXmsS, Cu c-£n-Xm-°-fpw A-[ym-]-Icp-sam-s° X-ß-fp-sS kzm-X-{¥yw \- „-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {i-an-°p-∂-h-cm-sW-∂v h-f¿-∂p h-cp-∂ X-e-ap-d kw-i-bn-®p. C-\n, Cu A-tXm-dn-‰n-I-fp-sS hn-izmky-X \-„-s∏-´ k-aq-l-ß-fn¬ A-h ho-s≠-Sp-°p-I {i-a-I-c-am-Wv. A-h¿- °m-sW-¶n¬ e-l-cn, h-b-e≥-kv, ssew-Kn-Im-cm-P-I-Xzw F-∂o ta-J-ebn¬ Im-cy-am-b ]-¶p-h-ln-°m-\p-≠pXm-\pw. {]-iv-\-ß-fp-sS Im-X¬ C-sXm-∂pa-√. Ip-Sn-®m-se-¥m? a-Yn-®m-se-¥m?, H-∂n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-se-¥m..? F-∂v XpS-ßn k-I-e s\-dn-tI-Sn-t\-bpw tNmbv-kv B-bn k-ao-]n-°p-∂ H-cp P-\- td-j≥ h-f¿-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. \n- w-ibw, kz-¥w kp-J Xm¬]-cy-߃-°v F-¥p-am-Imw F-∂, A-]-c-s‚ Po-ht\m kz-Øn-t\m am-\-Øn-t\m hn-e \¬-Im-Ø en-_-d¬ a-t\m-K-Xn Ah-sc ]n-Sn-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tI-c-f hnZym¿-∞n s]m-Xp-t_m-[-Øn¬ A-cmP-I-Xz-sØ Du-´n h-f¿-Øp-∂ kz-X- {¥ Im-gv-N-∏m-Sv k-∂n-th-in-∏n-°p-∂- Xn¬ \m-kv-Xn-I en-_-d¬ hm-Zn-Iƒ- °v hy-‡-am-b ]-¶p-≠v. \n-b-a kwssk-_¿ \n-b-a-߃ C-{X-tb-sd i-‡-am-b a-s‰m-cp Im-e-b-f-hv C-¥y-bn-ep-≠m-bn-´n-√. F-∂n-´pw ssk-_¿ Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-߃ {I-ta-W h¿-[n-°p-I-bm-Wv. h-b-e≥-kp-≈ kn-\n-a-I-fpw ]m-´p-I-fp-sam-s° ap-tº-bp-≠v. ]-t£, A-sX-√mw A-Uƒ-´v I-≠≥-dm-bn H-Xp-°m-\p-≈ km-l-N-cy-hpw ]-Iz-X-bpw a-\p-jy¿-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A-Xn-\m¬ h-b-e≥-kpw ssew-Kn-Im-cm-P-I-Xz-hpw sN-dn-b a-°-fn-te-°v t\m¿-a-sse-kv sN-bv-Xv F-Øn-bn-cp-∂n-√. F-∂m¬ Post modern tem-I-Øv ]p-tcm-K-a-\-Øn-s‚î A-f-hv Iq-Sn.

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 21 hn-[m-\-߃ t]m-epw A-h¿ X-߃-°v A-\p-Iq-e-am- °n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. sI-´-Xv Im-e-a-√, aq-ey-ß-fm-Wv. Ip-‰- °m¿ X-e-ap-d-b-√, A-h-sc a-kv-Xn-jv-I {]-£m-f-\w sNøp-∂ en-_-d-en-k-am-Wv. B-k-‡n-bp-sS A-]-I-S-km-[y-X h¿-[n-∏n-°p-∂ A- ©v {]-[m-\ L-S-I-ß-fp-≠v. FACTS F-∂ Np-cp-°-t∏- cn-em-Wv C-Xv A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Ip-Spw-_ N-cn-{Xw (Family history), B-Zy D-]-tbm-K-Øn-s‚ {]m-bw (Age of first use), B-{K-lw (Craving), k-ln-jv-Wp-X (Tolerance), Np-‰p-]m-Sv (Surroundings) F-∂n-h-bm-W-Xv. H-cp Ip-´n-bp-sS Po-h-im-kv-{X-]-c-am-b Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se B¿- s°-¶n-epw (am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ, k-tlm-Z-c-߃ t]m-ep- ≈-h¿) e-l-cn/a-Zyw/a-b-°p-a-cp-∂v D-]-tbm-K-Øn-s‚ Ncn-{X-ap-s≠-¶n¬, B Ip-´n-°v B-k-‡n D-≠m-Im-\p-≈ km-[y-X Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv. \m-j-W¬ C≥-Ãn-‰yq-´v Hm-^v sa‚¬ sl¬-Øn-s‚ \n-e-hn-se K-th-j-Ww kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, H-cp hy-‡nbp-sS a-kv-Xn-jv-Iw C-cp-]-Xp-I-fn¬ F-Øp-∂-Xp-h-sc ]q¿- W-am-bn hn-I-kn-°n-√ F-∂m-Wv. Cu k-a-b-Øv D-]-tbmKn-°p-∂ a-Zy-hpw a-b-°p-a-cp-∂pw Iu-am-c-°m-c-s‚ X-et®m-dn-se h-b-dn-ßn-s\ \-in-∏n-°p-I-bpw `m-hn-bn¬ {]- iv-\-ß-fn-te-°v \-bn-°p-I-bpw sN-øpw. a-kv-Xn-jv-Iw ]q¿- W-am-bn hn-I-kn-®n-´n-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Ip-´n-I-fpw Iu-am-c- °m-cpw a-Zy-tØm-Spw a-‰v a-b-°p-a-cp-∂p-I-tfm-Spw Iq-SpX¬ sk≥-kn-‰o-hv B-bn-cn-°pw. Iq-Sm-sX B-k-‡nbpw am-\-kn-Im-tcm-Ky ssh-I-ey-ß-fpw ]-e-t∏m-gpw ]- c-kv-]-c _-‘n-X-hp-am-Wv. am-\-kn-Im-tcm-Ky X-I-cm-dp-Iƒ e-l-cn-h-kv-Xp-°-fpsS D-]-tbm-K ssh-I-ey-߃-°v Im-c-W-am-In-s√-¶n-epw, e-l-cn-h-kv-Xp-°-fp-sS D-]-tbm-Kw \n-e-hn-ep-≈ am-\-knIm-tcm-Ky ssh-I-ey-ß-sf h¿-[n-∏n-°p-I-tbm A-s√- ¶n¬ A-h-bp-sS B-cw-`-Øn-\v Im-c-W-am-hp-I-tbm sNbv-tX-°mw. ADHD (ADHD (Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) D-Xv-I-WvT, hn-jm-Zw, t]m-Ãv t{Sm-am- ‰n-Iv kv-s{S-kv Un-tkm¿-U¿ (PTSD) C-h-sbm-s° CXn¬ Nn-e-Xp am-{Xw. ssl-kv-Iqƒ, tIm-f-Pv hn-Zym¿-YnI-sf k-Ω¿-±w \n-b-{¥n-°m-\pw e-l-cn-h-kv-Xp-°-fp-sS D-]-tbm-Kw t{]m-’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂ t{]-c-I-ß-sf t\-cnSm-\p-ap-≈ h-gn-Iƒ ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ _n-tl-hn-b-d¬ sX-dm- ∏n-Iƒ k-lm-bn-°pw. A-Xn-\m¬ C-{X i-‡-am-b kn-hn¬ tem D-≠m-bncn-s° X-s∂ \-Ωp-sS ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d-bp-sS a-\- p-I-sf Uo-tSm-Iv-kn-ss^ sN-øm-\p-≈ H-cp h-en-b C-S-s]-S¬ A-Sn-b-¥-c-am-bn \-S-tØ-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. h-b-e≥-kn-t\mSv ko-tdm tSm-f-d≥-kv F-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww e-£yw. hb-e≥-kv D-≠m-b-Xn-\v ti-j-ap-≈ \n-b-a \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ am- {X-a-√, A-Xn-te-°v h-gn-h-°p-∂ km-l-N-cy-ß-fn-epw at\m-`m-h-ß-fn-epw am-‰w h-cp-Øm-\m-Wv Iq-Sp-X¬ C-Ss]-S-ep-Iƒ D-≠m-th-≠-Xv. kn-\n-a-I-fpw ko-cn-b-ep-Ifpw am-[y-a-ß-fpw km-t¶-Xn-I hn-Zy-I-fpw cm-{„o-b-hpw km-ln-Xy-hp-a-S-°w B-fp-I-sf kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂ ap-gph≥ ta-J-e-I-fn-epw A-{I-a-hpw lnw-km-fl-I-X-bpw ]q¿- W-am-bn-Ø-s∂ H-gn-hm-°-Ww. h-b-e≥-kn-s\ t•m-dnss^ sN-øp-∂ {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-ß-fpw ho-tc-Xn-lm-kß-fp-a-S-°w ]p-\¿-hn-Nn-¥-\-Øn-\v hn-t[-b-am-h-Ww. B-W-Øw, lo-tdm-bn-kw F-∂n-ß-s\-bp-≈ B-i-bß-fn-se lnw-km-fl-I-X k-aq-l-Øn-\v Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-\mh-Ww. cm-{„o-b t\-Xm-°-fpw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpw A- {I-a {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-sf ]n-¥p-W-°p-I-tbm \ym-bo-Icn-°p-I-tbm sN-øp-∂n-s√-∂v D-d-∏m-°-Ww. e-£yw am¿- K-sØ km-[q-I-cn-°p-∂p F-∂-Xv H-cp {]m-Ir-X-Im-esØ B-i-b-am-bn-cp-∂p F-∂pw e-£y-tØ-t∏m-se-Øs∂ am¿-K-hpw F-√m-h¿-°pw kzo-Im-cy-am-h-Ww F- ∂p-≈ P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Im-e Nn-¥-bm-Wv C-hn-sS ]p-e-tc- ≠-Xv F-∂pw G-h-tc-s°m-≠pw Aw-Ko-I-cn-∏n-°-Ww. tÃ-‰pw, c-£n-Xm-°-fpw, A-[ym-]-I-cp-sa-√mw e-lcn, h-b-e≥-kv F-∂n-h-bp-sS kzm-[o-\-Øn-s\-Xn-sc Cd-ßn {]-h¿-Øn-°-Ww. B-fl-kw-b-a-\w, k-l-\-ioew, D-≈-Xp Xr-]v-Xn-s∏-Sm-\p-≈ ti-jn, km-º-Øn-I A-®-S-°w, £-a, F-∂n-h-sb-√mw Hm-tcm hy-‡n-bpw Po-hn-X-Øn¬ io-en-t°-≠ km¿-h-eu-In-I aq-ey-ßfm-sW-∂pw, A-h io-e-am-°n-bm¬ h-b-e≥-kv, {U-Kv A-Un-£≥, B-Vw-_-c-{`-aw F-∂n-h-bn¬ \n-∂pw c- £-s∏-Sm-sa-∂pw B-fp-I-sf ]Tn-∏n-°-Ww. G-en-Z sbbpw B¬-^-sb-bpw {]-tXy-In-®pw. Cu aq-ey-ß-sfms° X-¥-ssh-_m-sW-∂pw, {]m-Ir-X-am-sW-∂p-ap-≈ [m-c-W H-gn-hm-°m-\p-≈ th-sd s{S‚ v sk-‰v sN-tø- ≠n h-cpw. kzm-X-{¥yw, A-h-Im-iw, tNm-bv-kv, F-∂o bq-tdm sk≥-{Sn-Iv ⁄m-t\m-Z-b bp-‡n-I-tf-°mƒ Kym-c-≠nbpw Cu-Spw km¿-h-eu-In-I-X-bpw C-Ø-cw aq-ey-߃- °m-sW-∂pw ]Tn-∏n-°-Ww. B-[p-\n-I tZ-i-cm-{„-ßfn-se kn-hn¬ \n-b-a-ß-fn-sem-∂pw C-Xv H-Xp-ßn-s√- ∂pw \n-b-a hy-h-ÿn-Xn X-s∂ A-ÿm-\-Øv k-a-{Ka-√m-sX-bm-Wv \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂-sX-∂p-ap-≈ Xn-cn-®-dn-hmWv {]m-Y-an-I-am-b Xn-cn-®-dn-hm-Wv `c-W-Iq-S-Øn-\v th- ≠-Xv. kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw A-Xn-cp-I-fpw ]-cn-Xn-I-fp-ap- ≈ aq-eyhy-h-ÿn-Xn-bn-te-°pw [m¿-Ωn-I N-´-°q-Sn-te- °pw a-Xw ]-d-bp-∂ \-∑-bp-sS \n¿-Æ-b-ß-fn-te-°pw k-aq-lw Xn-cn-®p \-S-t°-≠n h-cpw. d-^-d≥-kp-Iƒ 1-Chatterjee, Nandini. 2011. The Making of Indian Secularism: Empire, Law and Christianity, New York: Palgrave Macmillon. 2-Medical journal - National institute of mental health 3-The Youth Mind: Rising Agression and Anger, “Sapien Lab 4-Vevaina, Leila. 2023. “Mergers and Legal Fictions: Coverture and Intermarried Women in India.” Law and History Review 387-404.

22 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 j-W-t°-kn¬ in-£ I-gn- ™v P-bn-en¬\n-∂v C-d-ßptºmƒ P-bn-e-sd tam-„n-® H-cp IY ]-≠p-ap-X-te \-Ωp-sS C-S-bn¬ {]-Nm-c-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-Wv. in-£-Iƒ- °v aq¿-® t]m-cm F-∂-Xv ÿm-]n- °p-hm≥ th-≠n ]-d-bp-∂ I-Y-Ifn¬ H-∂m-bn. Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-߃ {Iam-Xo-X-am-bn h¿[n-®ph-∂n-cn-°p-∂ ]p-Xn-b Im-e-Øv Cu Nn-¥-Iƒ-°v in£-Iƒ in£-Itfm in£-Wtam? A\p-_‘w apl-ΩZv Xøn¬ tam C-kvem-an-I in-£m \n-b-a-߃ Ip-‰-Ir-Xyw D-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ am-{Xw ]p-d-sØ-Sp-°p-∂ H-∂-√. a-dn-®v, k-aq-lw, hy-‡n, kzm-X-{¥yw, hn-izm-kw, kv-t\-lw Xp-S-ßn-b-h-sb-√mw \n¿-h-Nn-®pw ]Tn-∏n-®pw H-cp P-\-X-sb D-≠m-°p-hm≥ D-≈ {i-aw \-S-Øp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ A-\p`hn-°p-∂ Xm-f-∏n-g-I-sf ]-cn-l-cn-°m≥ th-≠n am-{X-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. in-£n-°p-I F-∂-X-√ A-Xn-s‚ B-Xy-¥n-I-am-b e-£yw, in-£-Ww sN-øp-I F-∂-Xm-Wv.

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 23 ho-≠pw {]-k-‡n ssI-h-∂n-cn-°p- ∂p. Cu H-cm-gv-N-bn¬ X-s∂ \mw c-≠p Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-߃ ]-®-bm-bn I- ≠p. -ap-Ø-»n, ]n-Xr-k-tlm-Z-c≥, At±-l-Øns‚ `m-cy, s]¨-kp-lrØv, C-f-b k-tlm-Z-c≥ F-∂o A- ©p t]-sc-bm-Wv sh-™m-d-aq-Sv kw- `h-Øn¬ {]Xn h-I-h-cp-Øn-b-Xv. amXm-hv sj-ao-\-sb-bpw k-am-\ co-Xnbn¬ B-{I-an-®p F-¶n-epw am-Xm-hv `m-Kyw sIm-≠v c-£-s∏-´p F-∂v Icp-Xm-hp-∂ A-h-ÿ-bn-em-Wv. ho- ≠pw c-≠p t]¿ Iq-Sn A-^m-s‚ ln- ‰v en-Ãn¬ D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p F-∂v Ah≥ X-s∂ t]m-eo-kn-t\m-Sv ]-d- ™p. C-{X-b-[n-Iw {Iq-c-X-bpw sshIm-cn-I-X-bpw k-aw C-e tN¿-∂ Hcp kw-`-hw k-ao-]-Im-e-Øv H-∂pw {]-_p-≤ tI-c-fw I-≠n-´pw tI-´n-´pw C-√ F-∂v th-Ww ]-d-bm≥. C-Xns\ ]-e Im-c-W-Øm-epw H-cp H-‰-s∏- ´ kw-`-hw F-∂v hn-fn-°m≥ I-gn-bn- √ F-∂v Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-tcm-Spw kz-¥w a-\- v X-s∂ hn-fn-®p ]-d-bp-∂ kw`- h-am-Wv c-≠m-a-tØ-Xv. Xm-a-c-t»-cnbn-se H-cp Syq-t´m-dn-b¬ tIm-tf-Pn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂ j-l-_m-kv F-∂ hn-Zym¿- ∞n-sb kp-lr-Øp-°ƒ tN¿-∂v X- √n-s°m-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p B kw-`hw. Syq-j≥ sk‚¿ h-I kw-L-Sn-∏n-® ]-Ømw ¢m-kp-Im¿-°p-≈ bm-{X-bb-∏v ]-cn-]m-Sn-°n-sS c-≠p kv-Iq-fnse hn-Zym¿-Yn-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬ D-≠mb sN-dn-b H-cp {]-iv-\-am-Wv sIm-e- ]m-X-I-Øn-te-°v Im-cy-߃ F-Øn- ®-Xv. ]m-´p sh-®p-≈ H-cp kv-Iq-fpIm-cp-sS B-´w \-S-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ ]m-´v \n-e-®p t]m-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p {]- tIm-]-\-Øn-s‚ Xp-S-°w. km-t¶-XnI-X-bp-sS t]-cpw ]-d-™v Dƒ-s°m- ≈m-hp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p F-∂n-´pw Ip- ´n-Iƒ A-Xn-\v X-øm-dm-bn-√. I-£n Xn-cn-™v A-h¿ G-‰p-ap-´n. G-‰p-ap-´- en¬ h-en-b ]-cn-°p-]-‰n-b j-l-_mkn-s\ B-ip-]-{Xn-Iƒ-t°m sa-Un- °¬ k-b≥-kn-t\m c-£n-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. kz-¥w kp-lr-Øn-s\ X- √n-s°m-∂ A-©p t]¿ sIm-e-]mX-Iw F-∂ tI-kn¬ C-t∏mƒ sh- ≈n-am-Sp-Ip-∂v t]m-eo-kn-s‚ I-Ã-Unbn-em-Wv. a-jn D-W-ßm-Ø X-e-s°- ´p-Iƒ F-∂ A¿-∞-Øn¬ am-{X-amWv Cu c-≠p kw-`-h-߃ \mw ]- cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. k-am-\-am-b a-\p-jya-\-km-£n-sb sR-´n-°p-∂ kw-`-h߃ \-Ωp-sS \m-´n-epw kw-ÿm-\- Øpw ]-Xn-hm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. a-b-°p-acp-∂n-s‚ `m-K-tØ-°v Xn-cn-™m¬ \-sΩ sR-´n-∏n-°p-∂ kw-`-h-߃ B-Wv A-hn-sS \-S-°p-∂-Xv. ]-≠- tØ-Xp-t]m-se h-en-b sI-´p-I-fn¬ s]m-Xn-™p sI-t´-≠ A-h-ÿ-sbm- ∂pw a-b-°p-a-cp-∂p-I-fp-sS Im-cyØn¬ C-t∏m-gn-√. i-co-c-Øn¬ Fhn-sS-bpw H-fn-∏n-®p sh-°m-hp-∂ Xc-Øn¬ sN-dn-b sN-dn-b ]m-°-‰p-Ifn¬ B-bn Fw-.Un Fw.F F-∂ G- ‰-hpw h-en-b am-c-I-am-b e-l-cn ]- Zm¿-∞-am-Wv C-t∏mƒ A-c-ßp hmgp-Ip-∂-Xv. h-en-b hn-e D-≈-Xm-b-Xn- \m-epw sN-dp-Xm-°n H-fn-∏n-®p ]n-Sn- °m≥ I-gn-bp-∂p F-∂-Xn-\m-epw Ipam-c-∑m-cpw Ip-am-cn-I-fpw C-t∏mƒ CXn-s‚ D-]-tbm-K-hpw hym-]-\-hpw \- S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. A-ßs\-b-ß-s\ Hm-tcm cw-K-Øpw {Iq-cX-I-fpw ]m-X-I-ß-fpw Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-ßfpw \n-d-™psIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. C-h-tbm-Sv F-√m-ap-≈ {]m-Y-an-Iam-b {]-Xn-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ H-∂m-a-tØXv \-Ωp-sS in-£-Iƒ t]m-cm-™n- ´m-Wv F-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu hn-j-b-am-Wv

24 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 \-Ωp-sS C-t∏m-g-sØ N¿-®. Cu ]- d-bp-∂-Xn¬ Nn-e k-Xy-ß-fp-≠v. \- Ωp-sS \m-´n-se \n-b-a-hpw in-£-bpw Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-Øn-\v A-\p-k-cn-®v A-t]- £-I-am-bn sN-dp-Xm-Wv F-∂-Xm-Wv A-Xn-se H-cp k-Xyw. Ip-d-®p Im-ew \m-´n¬ \n-∂pw ho-´n¬ \n-∂pw amdn \n¬-°p-hm≥ I-gn-bp-sa-¶n¬ GXp Ip-‰-hpw sN-ømw F-∂n-hn-S-tØ- °v Im-cy-߃ F-Øn-t®¿-∂n-cn-°p- ∂p. Hm-tcm sX-‰p-Iƒ-°pw I-b-dnt∏m-bm¬ C-{X h¿-jw P-bn-en¬ InS-t°-≠n h-cpw F-∂v F-√m Ip-‰-hmfn-I-fpw a-\-km D-d-∏n-®p I-gn-™ncn-°p-∂p. A-Xn¬ X-s∂-bm-h-s´ Ah¿ {]-bm-k-I-c-am-b H-cp A-\p-`ham-bn A-Xn-s\ Im-Wp-∂p-an-√. Im-cWw \-Ωp-sS P-bn-ep-I-fn¬ F-√m Xc ku-I-cy-ß-fpw D-≠v. Ir-Xy-am-bn `£-W-hpw hn-{i-a-hpw e`n-°p-∂p. A-Xn¬ F-s¥-¶n-epw Ip-d-thm {]- bm-k-tam A-\p-`-h-s∏-´m¬ A-Xn-s\ tNm-Zyw sN-øp-hm-\pw A-Xn-s\-Xn-sc ap-d-hn-fn Iq-´p-hm-\pw a-\p-jym-h-Imi-Øn-s‚ t]-cn¬ Ip-sd Bƒ-°m¿ k-Po-h-am-bn D-≠v Xm-\pw. C-\n km- [m-c-W-bn¬ A-[n-Iw ku-I-cy-߃ th-W-sa-¶n¬ A-sXm-∂pw A-km-[ya-√. G-Xv B-h-iy-hpw H-c-f-thm-fw \n-hr-Øn sN-øp-hm≥ P-bn-ep-I-sfsbm-s° am-^n-b-Iƒ X-s∂ {]-h¿- Øn-°p-∂p-≠v F-∂m-Wv h¿-Ø-am- \w. A-Xn-\p-th-≠ H-Øm-i-Iƒ sNbv-Xp In-´p-hm≥ I-cp-Øp-‰ k-lm-bnIƒ F-√m-h¿-°pw D-≠v. A-h-bn¬ H-∂v cm-{„o-b-am-Wv. Ip-‰-hm-fn `-c-WI-£n-bn¬ s]-´ B-fm-sW-¶n¬ Pbn-en-te-Xv kp-J-hm-kw X-s∂-bm-bncn-°pw. `-c-W-I-£n A-s√-¶n-epw GsX-¶n-epw cm-{„o-b-hp-am-bn _-‘-aps≠-¶n¬ ]n-Sn-®p-\n¬-°m≥ A-XpX-s∂ a-Xn. th-≠ km-[-\-ß-fpw km-a-{Kn-I-fpw ku-I-cy-ß-fpw b-tY- „w F-Øn-®p sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ P-bnen-\p-≈n¬ X-s∂ th-≠-s∏-´-h-cp-sS k-lm-b-hpw k-l-I-c-W-hpw D-≠v F- ∂pw A-\u-t-Zym-Kn-I-am-bn ]-d-b-s∏- Sp-∂p-≠v. C-Xp-sIm-s≠-√mw in-£- Iƒ-s°m-∂pw aq¿-®-bn-√m-sX B-bncn-°p-∂p F-∂m-Wv ]-d-™p h-cp-∂- Xv. A-Xp-Iq-Sn Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fp-sS hym-]-\-Øn-\v Im-c-W-am-Ip-∂p-≠v F-∂v H-cmƒ hm-Zn-®m¬ A-Xn-s\ IÆ-S-®v \n-tj-[n-°m-\pw \n-cm-I-cn-°phm-\pw I-gn-bn-√ F-∂v Np-cp-°w. Cu A-`n-{]m-b-sØ Np-‰n-∏-‰n Btem-Nn-°p-tºmƒ \mw \-Ωp-sS temI-Øn-s‚ Nn-e P-bn¬ A-\p-`-h߃ ]-cn-tim-[n-t°-≠n-h-cpw. Nne Pbn-¬ in£-Iƒ {Iq-c-hpw ss]-im-Nn-I-hp-am-b in-£-Iƒ \n-e-hn-ep-≈ ]-e cm-Pyß-fpw D-≠v. A-hn-Sp-sØ P-bn-ep-Ifn¬ Ip-‰-hm-fn-Iƒ-°v \¬-Ip-∂ in- £-Iƒ ]-e-t∏m-gpw hn-Nn-{X-hpw a- \p-jy-Xz-c-ln-X-hpw X-s∂-bm-Wv. Hcp hn-[w Im-cp-Wy-hpw h-gn-hn-´ klm-b-hpw A-hn-sS e`n-°p-∂n-√. Hcp hn-´p-ho-gv-N-bpw D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Xz-s∏- ´ Bƒ-°m-cp-sS `m-K-Øp-\n-∂v D-≠mIp-∂n-√. F-¶n¬ A-Xp-sIm-≠v B cm-Py-sØ Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-ß-sf \n-b-{¥n- °p-hm≥ I-gn-bp-∂p-t≠m F-∂-XmWv ]Tn-t°-≠-Xv. A-Xn-te-°v I-S- °pw ap-ºv B in-£m ap-d-I-sf Ipdn-®v H-c¬]w ]-d-bp-∂-Xv \-∂m-bncn-°pw. A-h-bn¬ F-Sp-Øp ]-d-tb-≠ H- ∂m-Wv …o-]v Un-{]-th-j≥ F-∂ in- £. ssN-\-bn-epw d-jy-bn-epw ]m- °n-ÿm-\n-epw D-≈ P-bn-ep-I-fn¬ Nn-e Ip-‰-hm-fn-Iƒ-°v \¬-Ip-∂ in- £-bm-Wv C-Xv. a-\p-jy-s‚ ssP-hnI-am-b A-\n-hm-cy B-h-iy-ß-fn¬ H-∂m-Wv D-d-°w. Ip-‰-hm-fn-I-sf D-dßm≥ A-\p-h-Zn-°m-sX Zn-h-k-ßtfm-fw \n¿-Øp-I F-∂-Xm-Wv Cu in-£. Ip-‰-hm-fn-sb-ßm-\pw D-dßm≥ {i-an-®m¬ i-‡-am-b sh-fn- ®-ap-≈ tSm¿-®v A-Sn-®pw sh-≈w Hgn-®pw tLm-c-am-b i-–-ap-≠m-°nbpw A-h-sc A-Xn¬\n-∂v X-S-bp-Ibm-Wv sN-øp-I. Ip-‰w sN-bv-Xp in- £n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-sc am-{X-a-√ C-ßs\ in-£n-°p-I. a-dn-®v A-t\z-j-WØn-en cn-°p-∂ {]-Xn-I-sf-bpw C-ßs\ B cm-Py-߃ in-£n-°p-∂ ]- Xn-hp-≠v. C-Xp-h-gn am-\-kn-I-am-b i- ‡-am-b k-Ω¿-±w D-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ Ip-‰-Ir-Xy-߃ G-‰p ]-d-bm≥ AXv k-lm-b-I-am-Ipw F-∂m-Wv A-hcp-sS I-W-°p-Iq-´-ep-Iƒ. Nn-e-bn-Sß-fn-ep-≈ a-s‰m-cp in-£m co-Xn-bmWv F-cn-hpw ap-f-Ipw A-an-X-am-bn Xo- ‰n-°p-I F-∂-Xv. C-¥y-bn¬ t]m-epw Nn-e P-bn-ep-I-fn¬ C-ß-s\-bp-≠v F-∂v ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. A-an-X-am-b Fcn-hv A-\p-`hn-® Zn-h-k-ß-tfm-fw Cß-s\ Cu in-£-°v hn-t[-b-cm-Ip- ∂-tXm-sS Po-hn-X-Øn-se G-‰-hpw {]-bm-k-I-c-am-b A-\p-`-h-Øn-\m-bnF-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv in-£m ap-d-Iƒ I-cp-Xpw t]m-se ^-ew sN-øm-Ø-Xv, F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv Ip-‰-hm-fn-sb Ip-‰-Øn¬\n-∂v ]n-∑m-‰p-hm≥ A-h-bv-°v I-gn-bm-Ø-Xv, Xp-S-ßn-b Nn-¥-Iƒ-°v D-Ø-cw tX-Sp-tºmƒ kzm`m-hn-I-am-bpw e`n-°p-∂ D-Ø-cw in-£m-\n-b-a-ß-fp-sS {]m-tbm-Kn-I-X-bp-sS Ip-d-hm-Wv. H-cp in-£m-\n-b-aw {]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-sW-∂v ]-d-bm-\mhp-I, A-Xv H-∂m-a-Xm-bn sN-bv-X sX-‰n-\p-≈ {]-Xn-Im-c-am-hptºm-gm-Wv. \mw ap-ºv I-≠ cw-K-ß-fn¬ H-s°-Ø-s∂-bpw A-Xv sN-bv-X sX-‰n-\p-≈ {]-Xn-Im-cw am-{X-a-√ A-Xn-epw Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv F-∂-Xv hy-‡-am-Wv.

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 25 cn-°pw A-h¿ hn-t[-b-cm-hp-I. Nn-e cm-Py-ß-fn-se Nn-e P-bn-ep-I-fn¬ Ip- ‰-hm-fn-sb C-cn-°m-t\m In-S-°m-t\m hn-Sm-sX F-∂m¬ \n-h¿-∂p \n¬- °m≥ A-\p-h-Zn-°m-sX Iq-\n-°q-Sn \n¿-Øn in-£n-°p-∂ ]-Xn-hp-≠v. aym≥-a-dn-epw Iw-tºm-Un-b-bn-epw Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂ h-f-sc hn-Nn-{X-am-b H-cp in-£m-co-Xn-bm-Wv dm-‰v sk¬. t]-cv kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv t]m-se Xs∂ A-Xv F-en-I-sf sIm-≠p-≈ in- £-bm-Wv. Ip-‰-hm-fn-sb hn-i-∂ [mcm-fw F-en-Iƒ D-≈ H-cp sk-√n¬ A-S-°p-I-bm-Wv ]-Xn-hv. Im-gv-N-bnepw a-‰pw \n- m-c-hpw km-[m-c-W-hpw B-Wv F-en-Iƒ F-¶n-epw Cu X-cØn-ep-≈ F-en-I-tfm-sSm-∏w Zn-h-kß-tfm-fw Po-hn-t°-≠ km-l-N-cyw h-∂m¬ A-Xv h-√m-Ø H-cp im-co-cnI-hpw am-\-kn-I-hp-am-b B-Lm-X-amWv D-≠m-°p-I. hn-i-∂ F-en-Iƒ Ip- ‰-hm-fn-bp-sS i-co-c-Øn¬ I-b-dn-bpw C-d-ßn-bpw k-Zm A-kz-ÿ-X D-≠m- °n sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°pw. A-h-cn¬ sIm-Spw Ip-‰-hm-fn-I-sf C-Ø-cw sk- √p-I-fn¬ C-Sm-dp-≈-Xv I-øpw Im-epw _-‘n-®v B-bn-cn-°pw A-t∏mƒ Cf-Im-\pw am-dm-\pw H-∂pw I-gn-bm-Ø H-cp K-Xn B-bn-cn-°pw Ip-‰-hm-fn-bptS-Xv. A-ta-cn-°-bn-epw d-jy-bn-epw Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-epw Nn-e P-bn-ep-I-fn¬ \-S-∏n¬ h-cp-Øp-∂ A-Xn-{Iq-c-am-b a-s‰m-cp in-£m-ap-d-bm-Wv A-an-X-amb Nq-Sn-tem X-Wp-∏n-tem C-´p sIm- ≠p-≈ in-£. Zn-h-k-ß-tfm-fw Aan-X-am-b Nq-Sn-tem X-Wp-∏n-tem InS-°p-∂-tXm-sS Iq-sS Ip-‰-hm-fn-bp-sS i-co-cw D-d-®pw D-cp-In-bpw \m-am-hti-j-am-bn Xo-cp-∂p. C-h¿-°v Ip-Sn- °m-t\m I-gn-°m-t\m \¬-Ip-∂ `ë- £-W-ß-fpw C-tX A-\p`hw {]-[m- \w sN-øp-∂-h B-bn-cn-°pw. {]-[m- \-am-bpw ssN-\-bn¬ Nn-e Ip-‰-hmfn-Iƒ-°v \¬-Ip-∂ hn-Nn-{X-am-b c- ≠p in-£-I-fm-Wv \n¿-Øn-bpw Ccp-Øn-bp-ap-≈ in-£. sN-dn-b sk- √n-\p-≈n¬ \n-h¿-∂p \n¬-°m≥ ]- ‰m-Ø hn-[-Øn¬ Zo¿-L-am-b Zn-hk-߃ \n¿-Øp-∂ in-£-bm-Wv BZy-tØ-Xv. X-e D-b¿-Øp-hm-t\m \- Sp \n-h¿-Øp-hm-t\m I-gn-bm-Ø Ip- ‰-hm-fn \-c-Io-b bm-X-\-bm-Wv A-\p- `-hn-°p-I. C-cp-Øn-bp-≈ in-£ ssSK¿ ko-‰v F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. I-tkc-bn¬ Ip-‰-hm-fn-sb _-‘n-®v Zn-hk-ß-tfm-fw C-Sp-∂ in-£m-co-Xn-bmWv C-Xv. Xm-c-X-tay-\ B-izm-k-ap- ≈ in-£-bm-Wv F-∂v tXm-∂mw-sa- ¶n-epw Cu in-£ \¬-Ip-∂-Xv sNdn-b Ip-‰-hm-fn-Iƒ-°v am-{X-am-Wv. CXv H-cp Zo¿-L-am-b ]-´n-I-bm-Wv Hmtcm cm-Py-ß-fpw hn-Nn-{X-am-b in- £m-co-Xn-Iƒ B-{i-bn-°p-∂p F-∂v Np-cp-°w.(http-s://youtube.com/ @top10malayalamvideos). C-{Xbpw {Iq-c-hpw h-\y-hp-am-bn in-£n- ®n-´pw A-hn-sS A-tX Ip-‰-߃ ho- ≠pw ho-≠pw B-h¿-Øn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p F-∂-Xm-Wv \-Ω-fp-sS Nn-¥m-_n-µp. C-t∏m-gpw Cu P-bn-ep-I-fn¬ C-ßs\ in-£n-°p-∂-Xv B-bn-´p-≈ hm¿- Ø ]p-d-Øp-h-c-W-sa-¶n¬ C-t∏m-gpw A-tX Ip-‰w sN-øp-∂-h¿ A-hn-S-ßfn¬ D-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-a-t√m. Np-cp-°- Øn¬, \n-e-hn-ep-≈ in-£m ap-d-Iƒ I-cp-Xp-∂-Xp-t]m-se ^-ew sN-øp-∂n- √ F-∂m-Wv sam-Ø-Øn¬ C-sX- √mw Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv in-£m ap-dIƒ I-cp-Xpw t]m-se ^-ew sN-ømØ-Xv, F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv Ip-‰-hm-fnsb Ip-‰-Øn¬\n-∂v ]n-∑m-‰p-hm≥ A-h-bv-°v I-gn-bm-Ø-Xv, Xp-S-ßn-b Nn-¥-Iƒ-°v D-Ø-cw tX-Sp-tºmƒ kzm`m-hn-I-am-bpw e`n-°p-∂ D-Øcw in-£m-\n-b-a-ß-fp-sS {]m-tbm-KnI-X-bp-sS Ip-d-hm-Wv. H-cp in-£m- \n-b-aw {]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-sW-∂v ]-dbm-\m-hp-I, A-Xv H-∂m-a-Xm-bn sNbv-X sX-‰n-\p-≈ {]-Xn-Im-c-am-hp-tºmgm-Wv. \mw ap-ºv I-≠ cw-K-ß-fn¬ H-s°-Ø-s∂-bpw A-Xv sN-bv-X sX- ‰n-\p-≈ {]-Xn-Im-cw am-{X-a-√ A-Xnepw Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv F-∂-Xv hy-‡-amWv. Xo-sc t]m-cm-sX h-cp-tºm-gpw H-cp-]m-Sv G-sd-bm-Ip-tºm-gpw in-£maq-d A-{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bn-cn-°pw. AXv in-£n-°p-∂ A-tXm-dn-‰n-tbm-Sv Xncn-®v {]-Xn-Im-c-hm-bv-]m-Wv D-≠m-°nØo¿-°p-I. c-≠m-a-Xm-bn A-Xn-\v sX-‰p-I-sf X-S-bm≥ I-gn-b-Ww. AXm-b-Xv A-Xns‚ em-L-h-Xzw Im-cWw in-£ G¬-°m-Ø H-∂m-bnØo-cm≥ ]m-Sn-√. A-Xn-\m¬ A-Xv Ip-‰p-hm-fn-I-sf H-∏w X-s∂ `b-s∏- Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. Ip- ‰-hm-fn-sb kw-kv-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-hp-I, Ip-‰w h-gn \-„w t\-cn-´-h¿-°v ]-cnlm-cw \¬-Ip-∂-Xm-hp-I, Ip-‰-hm-fnsb ]m-›m-Øm-] hn-h-i-\m-°p-∂- Xm-hp-I Xp-S-ßn-b-h F-√mw in-£- bp-sS H-∏w X-s∂ D-≠m-bn-Øo-caym≥-a-dn-epw Iw-tºm-Un-b-bn-epw Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂ h-f-sc hn-Nn-{X-am-b H-cp in-£m-co-Xn-bm-Wv dm-‰v sk¬. t]-cv kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv t]m-se X-s∂ A-Xv F-en-I-sf sIm-≠p-≈ in-£-bm-Wv. Ip-‰-hm-fn-sb hn-i-∂ [m-cm-fw F-en-Iƒ D-≈ H-cp sk-√n¬ A-S-°p-I-bm-Wv ]-Xn-hv. Im-gv-N-bn-epw a-‰pw \n- m-c-hpw km-[m-c-W-hpw B-Wv F-en-Iƒ F-¶n-epw Cu X-c-Øn-ep-≈ F-en-I-tfm-sSm-∏w Zn-h-k-ß-tfm-fw Po-hn-t°-≠ km-l-N-cyw h-∂m¬ A-Xv h-√m-Ø H-cp im-co-cn-I-hpw am-\-kn-I-hp-am-b B-Lm-X-am-Wv D-≠m-°p-I.

26 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 Ww. C-sX-√mw h-f-sc hy-‡-am-bpw km-[y-am-Ip-∂-Xv sIm-≠v X-s∂-bm-Wv C-kvem-an-se in-£m-hn-[n-Iƒ A- \yq-\-am-Wv F-∂p ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. C-…m-an-\p t\-sc s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn-\v Im-S-S-®v sh-Sn-sh-°p-∂ H-cp a-\-ÿnXn-bm-Wv s]m-Xp-th D-≈-Xv. A-Xp-sIm-≠v C-kvemw ]-d-bp-∂ G-Xp Im-cy-ß-sf-bpw \n-cq-]n-°p-I F-∂-Xv Cu I-]-S km-aq-ly-X-bp-sS H-cp {]-tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. AXn-√m-Ø-Xv k-Xy-k-‘-am-bn C-kvemw s\-©n-te-‰n-bh¿-°pw kz-¥w _p-≤n Nn-¥n-°m≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- h¿-°pw am-{X-am-Wv. A-h¿-°v h-f-sc hy-‡-am-bpw Cu in-£ ap-d-I-fp-sS hy-Xn-cn-‡-X a- \- n-em-°m≥ I-gn-bpw. H-cp D-Zml-c-Ww h-gn A-Xv h-f-sc hy-‡- am-bn a-\- n-em-°n F-Sp-°m-hp-∂- Xm-Wv. D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn \-ap-°v hy- `n-Nm-cw F-∂ Ip-‰-Ir-Xyw F-Sp- °mw. A-Xn-s\ Ip-dn-®p-≈ ss_- _nƒ \n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ C-ß-s\-bm-Wv: H-cp-Ø-s‚ `m-cy-bp-am-bn hy`n-Nmcw sN-øp-∂-h≥, Iq-´p-Im-c-s‚ `mcy-bp-am-bn hy`n-Nm-cw sN-øp-∂ hy`n-Nm-cn-bpw hy-`n-Nm-cn-Wn-bpw Xs∂ a-c-W-in-£-b-\p`-hn-°-Ww (te-hy. 20:10). a-s‰m-cp ss_-_nƒ h-N-\w Cß-s\-bm-Wv: H-cp ]p-cp-j-s‚ `mcy-bm-b kv-{Xo-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS H-cpØ≥ i-bn-°p-∂-Xp-I-≠m¬ kv-{Xotbm-Sp-Iq-sS i-bn-® ]p-cp-j-\pw kv- {Xo-bpw C-cp-h-cpw a-c-W-in-£-b-\p- `hn-°-Ww. C-ß-s\ C-{km-bo-en¬- \n-∂v tZm-jw \o-°n-°-f-tbWw(B-h.:22:22). Cu c-≠p kq-‡- ß-fn-epw a-c-W in-£ \¬-Ip-∂- Xv hn-hm-ln-X-cm-b kv-{Xo-]p-cp-j- ∑m¿ X-Ωn¬ A-hn-ln-X _-‘- Øn¬ G¿-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ B-Wv. AtX-k-a-bw A-hn-hm-ln-X-bm-b H-cp kv-{Xo hy-`n-N-cn-°p-tºmƒ Cu \nb-a-Øn-s‚ ImTn-\yw \-„-s∏-´p t]m-Ip-∂p. Im-c-Ww A-h-cp-sS Imcy-Øn¬ ss_-_nƒ ]-d-bp-∂-Xv Cß-s\-bm-Wv: hn-hm-l-\n-›-bw I-gn-bm-Ø I-\y-I-bm-b H-cp bp-h-Xn-sb H-cp-Ø≥ I-≠p A-h-sf ]n-Sn-®v A-htfm-Sp-Iq-Sn i-bn-°p-I-bpw A-h-sc I-≠p-]n-Sn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xm¬ A-h-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn i-bn-® ]p-cp-j≥ bp-h-Xnbp-sS A-∏-\v A-º-Xv sh-≈n-°m-iv sIm-Sp-°-Ww. Ahƒ A-h-s‚ `m-cy-bm-hp-I-bpw th-Ww.(B-h: 22:28,29) C-hn-sS a-s‰m-cp Im-cyw Nn-¥n-°p-hm≥ D-≠v. sX- ‰m-b ssew-Kn-I _-‘-Øn-s‚ t]-cn¬ ss_-_nƒ a-cW in-£ hn-[n-°p-∂-Xv kv-{Xo hn-hm-ln-X-bm-tWm F- ∂v t\m-°n B-Wv. A-tX-k-a-bw ]p-cp-j≥ hn-hm-lnX-\m-tWm A-√-tbm F-∂-Xv ]-cn-K-Wn-°p-∂n-√. ]p-cpj-s\ hy`n-Nm-cw F-∂ ]m-X-I-Øn-s‚ in-£-bn¬ \n- ∂v kq-{X-Øn¬ ss_-_nƒ c-£-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. CXn-\v Nn-e A-Sn-ÿm-\-߃ D-≠v. kv-{Xo hn-hm-lw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-h-sc ]n-Xm-hn-s‚-bpw hn-hm-lw sN-ø-s∏- ´p-I-gn-™m¬ `¿-Øm-hn-s‚-bpw kz-Øm-sW-∂m-Wv ss_-_nƒ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv kv-{XoI-sf hn¬-°m≥ h-sc A-Xv ]p-cp-j-∑m-sc A-\p-h-Zn- °p-∂-Xv(]p-d.21:7, s\-l-ay 5:5 t\m- °p-I). H-cp ]p-cp-j-s‚ kz-Øm-b kv-{Xo-sb A-\-[n-Ir-X-am-bn D-]-tbmKn-®p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv A-bm-fp-sS `m-cysb hy-`n-N-cn-°p-∂ hy-‡n-sN-øp-∂ Ip-‰w. A-Xv sN-øp-∂ Bƒ hn-hmln-X-\m-bm-epw A-s√-¶n-epw Ip-‰w H-∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. ]p-cp-j≥ kv-{Xobp-sS kz-Ø-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ A-bmƒ hy-`n-N-cn-°p-∂-Xv H-cp sX-‰m-bn-Øs∂ ss_-_nƒ Im-Wp-∂p-an-√. Cu h-kv-Xp-X b-lq-Z hn-⁄m-\-tIm-iw X-s∂ k-Ω-Xn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. (Encyclopedia Judaica Vol II col 313) Np-cp-°-Øn¬ ss_-_nƒ hy-`n-Nmc-sa-∂ Xn-∑-sb Im-Wp-∂-Xv a-s‰mcm-fp-sS kz-Øn-ep-≈ A-\-[n-Ir-Xam-b ssI-tø-‰-am-bn-s°m-≠m-Wv. {]- kv-Xp-X ssI-tø-‰-Øn-\v a-c-W-in-£- X-s∂ hn-[n-°p-∂p-s≠-∂-Xv i-cn-bmWv. F-∂m¬ hy-`n-Nm-cw kr-„n-°p- ∂ km-aq-ln-I {]-iv-\-ß-tfm Ip-Spw- _ ssi-Yn-ey-tam [m¿-an-I {]-Xn-k- ‘n-I-tfm H-∂pw-X-s∂ ss_-_n-fns‚ ]-cn-K-W-\-bn¬ h-cp-∂n-√. ss_-_nƒ A-Sn-ÿm-\-]-c-am-bn ssZ-h-h-N-\-am-Wv F-¶n¬ H-cn-°-epw C-ß-s\ h-cm≥ km-[y-X-bn-√. C-hnsS C-Ø-cw C-S-s]-S-ep-Iƒ hym-]- I-am-bn \-S-Øp-I-bpw ta-e-[y-£≥ am¿ X-ß-fp-sS kp-c-£-bv-°v th-≠n ]-e-Xpw Iq-´n-t®¿-°p-I-bpw h-gn am- ‰p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v F-∂-Xn-\p-≈ sX-fn-hv Iq-Sn-bmWv hy-`n-Nm-c-Øn-s‚ Ip-‰-Øn¬\n-∂v ]p-cp-j-s\ X- {¥-Øn¬ H-gn-hm-°n-b Cu kq-{Xw hy-‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. ssl-µ-h [¿-Ω-Øn-epw C-Ø-cw bp-‡n-c-ln-X-am-b hn- `m-Ko-b-X Im-Wmw. A-hn-sS km-aq-ly Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ F-√m hy-Xym-k-ß-fpw Nm-Xp¿-h¿-Wy-Øn¬ A-[n-jvTnX-am-Wv. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ {_m-“-W-\pw A-√m-Øh-\pw c-≠p-X-cw in-£-bm-Wv ssl-µ-h [¿-Ωw \¬- hy-‡n-Iƒ-°v Nn-e A-h-Im-i-ß-fp-≠v. hy-‡n kz-X-{¥-\pw k- ¥p-„-\pw B-bn-cn-t°-≠- Xv P-\-X F-∂ k-aq-lØn≥-sd \n-e-\n¬-∏n-\v A-\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-Wv. H-cp hy-‡n-bp-sS A-h-Imi-ß-fpw A-[n-Im-c-ß-fpw a-s‰m-cp hy-‡n-bp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cu A-h-Im-i-߃ A-\- tym-\yw A-\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-Sp- °p-I h-gn-bm-Wv km-aq-lnI-am-b D-Zv-{K-Y-\w km-[yam-Ip-∂-Xv. H-cm-fp-sS-bpw A-h-Im-i-߃ l-\n-°phm≥ a-s‰m-cm-sf-bpw A-\p-h-Zn-®p-Iq-Sm.

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 27 Ip-∂-Xv. D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn sIm-e-]m-X-I-Øn-\p-≈ B- ]-kv-Xw-_ [¿-a kq-{X-Øn-se in-£m \n-b-a-߃ t\m- °mw. A-Xp ]-d-bp-∂-Xv C-ß-s\-bm-Wv: {_m-“-W-s\- s°m-√p-∂ iq-{Z-s\ aq-∂p {]m-h-iy-am-bn Xo-bn-en-´v Ipd-®p Ip-d-®m-bn Nn-{X-h-[w sN-bv-Xv sIm-√-Ww. F-∂m¬ iq-{Z-s\ a-‰p-≈-h¿ sIm-∂m¬ H-cp h¿-j-sØ X-S-hv hn-[n-°p-I-bpw ]-{¥-≠v ]-ip-°-sf ]n-g-bm-bn Cu-Sm- °p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xm¬ a-Xn(Ir-jv-Wm-\-µ kzm-an D-≤-cn- ®-Xv: C-¥y-bn-se h¿-W-k-a-cw ]p-dw 94) ssl-µ-h-kv-arXn-I-fn-se \n-b-a-ß-sf-√mw C-ß-s\ h¿-Wm-{i-a hy-h-ÿbp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈-h-bmWv. {_m-“-W-s\ ]q-Py-\m-bpw iq- {Z-s\ A-[-a-\m-bpw I-≠p-sIm-≠p- ≈ \n-b-a-ß-fn¬ D-S-\o-fw Cu D- ®-\o-N-Xzw Im-Wmw. hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]-t£ Cu Im-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v kw-kmcn-°p-∂-Xv Nn-e A-Sn-ÿm-\-ßsf B-kv-]-Z-am-°n-bm-Wv. Ip-‰- sØ-tbm Ip-‰-hm-fn-sb-tbm t\m- °p-∂-Xn-\pw Im-Wp-∂-Xn-\pw apºv k-aq-l-sØ hn-ip-≤ Jp¿- B≥ {i-≤n-°p-∂p-≠v. im-¥-hpw k-am-[m-\ `-{Z-hpw kp-µ-c-hp-amb H-cp Po-hn-X hy-h-ÿn-Xn-bmWv hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B-\n-t‚-Xv. AXv \-S-∏n¬ h-cp-Øm-\pw \-S-∏n¬ h-cm-\pw H-cp \-√ P-\-X D-≠mtI-≠-Xp-≠v. P-\-X-bp-sS \n-e- \n¬-∏v F-t∏m-gpw Jp¿-B≥ {]- [m-\-am-bn Im-Wp-∂p. P-\-X F- ∂-Xv Hm-tcm hy-‡n-bpw tN¿-∂v D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. A-t∏mƒ kzm- `m-hn-I-am-bpw Cu Im-gv-N-∏m-Sn-s‚ Kp-Ww H-tc-k-a-bw H-tc A-f-hn¬ hy-‡n-I-fn-te-°pw A-h¿ tN¿- ∂p D-≠m-Ip-∂ P-\-X-bn-te-°pw F-Øn-t®-cp-∂p. hy-‡n-°pw kaq-l-Øn-\pw k-am-[m-\w {]-Zm-\w sN-øp-I-bm-Wv Jp¿-B-\n-I \n-ba-ß-fp-sS e-£yw. hy-‡n-Iƒ-°v Nn-e A-h-Imi-ß-fp-≠v. hy-‡n kz-X-{¥-\pw k-¥p-„-\pw B-bn-cnt°-≠-Xv P-\-X F-∂ k-aq-l-Øn≥-sd \n-e-\n¬-∏n-\v A-\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-Wv. H-cp hy-‡n-bp-sS A-h-Im-iß-fpw A-[n-Im-c-ß-fpw a-s‰m-cp hy-‡n-bp-am-bn _-‘- s∏-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cu A-h-Im-i-߃ A- -t\ym-\yw A-\ph-Zn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I h-gn-bm-Wv km-aq-ln-I-am-b D-Zv-{K-Y- \w km-[y-am-Ip-∂-Xv. H-cm-fp-sS-bpw A-h-Im-i-߃ l- \n-°p-hm≥ a-s‰m-cm-sf-bpw A-\p-h-Zn-®p-Iq-Sm. B-cp-sSsb-¶n-epw A-h-Im-i-߃ l-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-t≠m-sb- ∂v {i-≤n-t°-≠-Xpw D-s≠-¶n¬ A-Xv C-√m-sX-bmt°-≠-Xpw cm-{„-Øn-s‚ _m-[y-X-bm-Wv. C-Xn-\p-th- ≠n-bm-Wv Jp¿-B≥ / C-kvemw in-£m-\n-b-a-߃ \-S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xv. t\-cm-b am¿-K-Øn-eq-sS N-en-°phm≥ hy-‡n-sb {]-tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv Jp¿-B-\nse in-£m-\n-b-a-ß-fp-sS e-£yw. kw-c-£n-°-s∏- tS-≠ {]-[m-\-s∏-´ Nn-e aq-ey-ß-fp-s≠-∂m-Wv BZy-ta Ip-e-sØ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. hn-izm-kw, bp-‡nbpw _p-≤n-bpw, A-`n-am-\w, Po-h≥, kz-Øv, Ip-Spw- _-Øn-s‚ sI-´p-d-∏v, k-Zm-Nm-c aq-ey߃, k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ `-{Z-X Xp-S-ßnb-h-bm-Wv A-h. C-h-sb-√mw G-Xp kml-N-cy-Øn-epw F-¥p hn-e-sIm-Sp-Øpw kw-c-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-bm-Wv. C-h XI¿-°p-hm≥ B-sc-bpw A-\p-h-Zn-®p-IqSm. B-sc-bpw F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v A-\ys\ am-{X-a-√ A¿-Y-am-°p-∂-Xv; kz-¥- sØ-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. kz-¥w Po-h≥ sh-Sn-bm-\m-{K-ln-®psIm-≠v B-fl-l-Xy-°p {i-an-®-h-\pw kz- ¥w am-\w X-I¿-Øp-sIm-≠v hy`n-Nm-chr-Øn-bn-te¿-s∏-´-h-\pw kz-¥w _p-≤nsb \-in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v a-Zy-]m-\w sN-øp- ∂-h-\p-sa-√mw C-kvem-an-I Zr-„ym Ip-‰- hm-fn-bm-Ip-∂-Xv C-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. kz-¥- sØ-tbm A-\y-s\-tbm `b-s∏-Sm-sX F- √m-h¿-°pw Po-hn-°p-hm≥ km-[n-°p-∂ H-cp k-aq-l-am-Wv C-kv-em-an-I in-£m- \n-b-a-ß-fp-sS D-t±-iyw. A-Ø-c-sam-cp kaq-l-Øn¬ am-{X-ta im-¥n-bpw k-am-[m- \-hpw \n-e-\n¬-°q. F-√m-h¿-°pw h-fcp-hm-\pw hn-I-kn-°p-hm-\pw km-[n-°p- ∂, am-\-hn-I-X-bn¬ A-[n-jvTn-X-am-b Hcp k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ kr-„n-bm-Wv Jp¿-B- \n-se in-£m-\n-b-a-߃ e-£y-am-°p- ∂-Xv. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv C-…man-se in-£m-\n-b-a-߃-°v B-flm-hpw B-flm¿-∞-X-bpw \n-jv-]-£-X-bpw F- √mw D-≠v F-∂p ]-d-bp-∂-Xv. C-kvem-an-I in-£m \n-b-a-߃ Ip- ‰-Ir-Xyw D-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ am-{Xw ]p-dsØ-Sp-°p-∂ H-∂-√. a-dn-®v, k-aq-lw, hy-‡n, kzmX-{¥yw, hn-izm-kw, kv-t\-lw Xp-S-ßn-b-h-sb-√mw \n¿-h-Nn-®pw ]Tn-∏n-®pw H-cp P-\-X-sb D-≠m-°p-hm≥ D-≈ {i-aw \-S-Øp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ A-\p`hn-°p-∂ Xmf-∏n-g-I-sf ]-cn-l-cn-°m≥ th-≠n am-{X-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. in-£n-°p-I F-∂-X-√ A-Xn-s‚ B-Xy-¥n-I-am-b e- £yw, in-£-Ww sN-øp-I F-∂-Xm-Wv. kz-¥w Po-h≥ sh-Sn-bm-\m-{K-ln-®p-sIm- ≠v B-fl-l-Xy-°p {i-an-®-h-\pw kz-¥w am-\w X-I¿-Øp-sIm-≠v hy`n-Nm-c-hr-Øn-bn-te¿-s∏-´- h-\pw kz-¥w _p-≤n-sb \-in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v a-Zy-]m-\w sN-øp-∂-h-\p-sa- √mw C-kvem-an-I Zr-„ym Ip-‰-hm-fn-bm-Ip-∂-Xv C-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. kz-¥-sØ-tbm A-\y-s\-tbm `b-s∏-Sm-sX F-√m-h¿-°pw Po-hn-°phm≥ km-[n-°p-∂ H-cp k-aq-l-am-Wv C-kv-em-an-I in-£m-\n-b-a-ß-fp-sS D-t±-iyw.

28 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 d-a-fm≥ am-kw aq-∂p ]-Øp-I-fm-Wt√m. A-Xn¬ G-‰-hpw a-l-Øm-b ]- Øv A-h-km-\ ]-Øm-Wv. A-Xn-\p Im-c-Ww h¿-j-Øn¬ G-‰-hpw ]p-Wy cm-{Xn-bm-b sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv-¿ B ]- Øn-em-Wv F-∂-Xm-Wv. d-a-fm-\n-se A-h-km-\ ]-Øn¬ sse-e-Øp¬ JZv¿ \n-߃ {]-Xo-£n-°p-I F-∂ l-Zo-kv {]-kn-≤-am-Wv. JZv¿ F-∂m¬ hn-[n, Xo-cp-am-\w, a-l-Xzw F-s∂m-s° A¿-∞w. Cu hn-[n \n¿-Wm-b-I cm-{Xn-bn-se Bcm-[-\ sse-e-Xp¬ JZv¿ C-√m-Ø B-bn-cw am-k-ß-fn-se B-cm-[-\-Isf-°mƒ t{i-jvT-am-Wv. k-Xy-am-sW-∂p hn-iz-kn-®pw A- √m-lp-hn-s‚ {]o-Xn-bpw {]-Xn-^-e-hpw {]-Xo-£n-®pw sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv-dn¬ ]T\w Fw.-F. Peo¬ kJm^n ]p√mc Ahkm\ ]Øpw H‰bn´ cmhpw hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B-\n-\v c-≠-h-X-c-W-ap-≠v. eu-lp¬ a-lv-^q-fn¬\n-∂v {]-Y-a B-Im-i-Øn-se ss_-Xp¬ C- -bn-te-°v C-d-°n-b-Xm-Wv H-∂mw L-´ A-h-X-c-Ww. C-Xv sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv-dn-em-bn-cp-∂p. H-‰ K-Up-hm-bm-bn-cp-∂p Cu A-h-X-c-Ww. ]n-∂o-Sv k-µ¿-`-߃-°pw km-l-N-cy-߃-°pw A-\p-k-cn-®v 23 h¿-j-ß-fn-em-bn Pn-_v-co¬ (A) \-_n(kz) °v Hm-Xn-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv c-≠m-a-sØ A-h-X-c-Ww. C-Xn-s‚ Xp-S-°-hpw sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv-dn-em-sW-∂v Jp¿-B≥ hym-Jym-Xm-°ƒ A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. (kz-hn. 4/319, 320)î

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 29 B-sc-¶n-epw \n-kv-I-cn-®m¬ A-h-s‚ ap≥-Im-e ]m-]-߃ s]m-dp-°-s∏-Spw F-∂v \-_n(kz) X-߃ ]-d-™n-´p- ≠v. ]n≥-Im-e ]m-]-ß-fpw s]m-dp-°psa-∂v a-s‰m-cp dn-t∏m¿-´n¬ Im-Wmw. Cu cm-{Xn-°v hn-[n \n¿-W-b cmhv F-∂ t]-cp e`n-®-Xn-\v ]-fin-X≥- am¿ ]-e Im-c-W-ß-fpw ]-d-™n-´p-≠v. C-_v-\p A-∫m-kv(d) hn-s‚ hn-i-ZoI-c-Ww Cu cm-hn-em-Wv am-\-h-cm-in- °v h¿-jm-h¿-j-ap-≈ hn-[n-bpw hnln-X-hpw A-√m-lp \n¿-W-bn-°p-∂- sX-∂m-Wv. Po-h-Pm-e-ß-fp-sS H-cp h¿-j-tØ-°p-≈ {]m-bw, `-£-Ww, Xp-S-ßn-b-h ¢n-]v-X-am-°p-∂-Xv Cu cm- {Xn-bn-em-Wv.(Jp¿-Xp-_n 20/116) C-Iv-cn-a(d) ]-d-bp-∂p: sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv-dn-em-Wv I-Av-_m-e-b Xo¿-Ym-S-\w \-S-Øp-∂ lm-Pn-am-cp-sS-bpw A-h-cpsS ]n-Xm-°-fp-sS-bpw t]-cp-Iƒ h-sc \n¿-W-bn-°p-I-bpw tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sN-øp-I.(dm-kn 32/28).î JZv¿ F-∂ ]-Z-Øn-\v Xn-ßn-\n-d- ™ F-s∂m-c¿-∞w Iq-Sn-bp-≠v. Cu cm-hn¬ a-e-°p-Iƒ hm-\-tem-I-Øp- \n-∂n-d-ßn-h-∂v `q-tKm-f-Øn¬ \n-d-bp- ∂p. C-°m-c-W-Øm-em-Wv {]-kv-Xp-X- \m-a-I-c-Ww. (dm-kn32/28) sse-e-Øp¬ JZv¿ Jp¿-B-\n¬ sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv-dn-s\ ]-cm-a¿-in- ®v A-√m-lp Hcp A[ym-bw X-s∂ A-h-X-cn-∏n-®p. kq-d-Øp¬ JZv¿ F- ∂ A-©v kq-‡-ß-fp-≈ 97-mw A- [ym-bw. {]-kv-Xp-X kq-d-Øn-s‚ Bi-b kw-{K-lw: \n-›-bw, \mw Jp¿- B-\n-s\ sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv-dn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. sse-e-Xp¬ JZv¿ F-¥msW-∂m-Wp X-߃ a-\-kn-em-°n-bXv. sse-e-Xp¬ JZv¿ B-bn-cw am-kß-sf-°mƒ ]-hn-{X-am-Wv. a-e-°p-Ifpw B-flm-hpw(Pn-_v-co¬) A-h-cp-sS c-£n-Xm-hn-s‚ A-⁄m-\p-k-c-Ww k-I-e hn-[n-I-fp-am-bn B-cm-hn¬ Cd-ßpw. {]`m-tXm-Z-bw h-sc B cm-hv c-£-bm-Wv. hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B-\n-\v c-≠-h-X-cW-ap-≠v. eu-lp¬ a-lv-^q-fn¬\n-∂v {]-Y-a B-Im-i-Øn-se ss_-Xp¬ C-  -bn-te-°v C-d-°n-b-Xm-Wv H-∂mw L-´ A-h-X-c-Ww. C-Xv sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv-dn-em-bn-cp-∂p. H-‰ K-Up-hm-bm-bncp-∂p Cu A-h-X-c-Ww. ]n-∂o-Sv kµ¿-`-߃-°pw km-l-N-cy-߃-°pw A-\p-k-cn-®v 23 h¿-j-ß-fn-em-bn Pn- _v-co¬ (A) \-_n(kz) °v Hm-Xns°m-Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv c-≠m-a-sØ A-hX-c-Ww. C-Xn-s‚ Xp-S-°-hpw sse-eXp¬ J-Zv-dn-em-sW-∂v Jp¿-B≥ hymJym-Xm-°ƒ A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´n-´p- ≠v.(kz-hn. 4/319, 320)î A-Xp-t]m-se am-\-h Ip-e-Øn-\p- ≈ hm¿-jn-I _-P-‰pw sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv-dn-em-Wv {]m-_-ey-Øn¬ h-cn-I. A-¥y-\mƒ-h-sc-bp-≈ Po-h Pm-e߃-°p-≈ hn-ln-X-hpw hn-[n-bpw t\- c-sØ X-s∂ A-√m-lp \n-›-bn-®n- ´p-≠v. F-∂m¬, h¿-jm-h¿-jw _-dmA-Øv cm-hn¬(i-Av-_m≥ 15) A-SpØ-h¿-j-tØ-°v Hm-tcm hy-‡n-°pap-≈ B-lm-cw, B-bp- v, a-c-Ww, XpS-ßn-b-h A-√m-lp A-h-s‚ C-—-{]- Im-cw, hn-[n-Iƒ \-S-∏m-°m≥ Np-a-Xe \¬-I-s∏-´ a-e-°p-I-fp-sS ku-Icym¿-∞w \n-›-bn-®p \¬-Ip-∂p. Cu hn-[n A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-°n a-e-°p-Iƒ A-Xp \-S-∏m-°pw. A-√m-lp A-Xv G¬-]n-®p sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xpw {]m-_-eyØn¬ h-cp-∂-Xpw sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zvdn-em-Wv. ap-Z-∫n-dm-Xp¬ D-aq¿ F-∂- dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ Pn-_v-co¬, ao-°m-Cu¬, C-kv-dm-^o¬, A-kv-dm-Cu¬ F-∂o- \m-ep a-e-°p-Iƒ-°m-Wv C-Xn-s‚ \- S-Øn-∏p Np-a-X-e. (kzm-hn 4/320 t\m- °p-I).î

30 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 sse-e-Xp¬ JZv¿ Xn-cph-N-\-ß-fn¬ ap-l-Ω-Zv \-_n(kz)bp-sS k-ap-Zm-b-sØ B-bn-cw amk-ß-sf-°mƒ ]p-Wyw \n-d-™ sse-e-Xp¬ JZv¿ sIm- ≠v A-√m-lp A-\p-{K-ln-®-Xn-s‚ ]n-∂n-se c-l-ky-sa- ¥v? ap≥-Im-e k-aq-l-Øn-\v Cu ku-`m-Kyw e`n-®n-cp- ∂n-√. JZv¿ kq-d-Øn-s‚ A-h-X-c-W ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ C-Xn-\p-Ø-c-ap-≠v. ap-Pm-ln-Zv(d) ]-d-bp-∂p. _-\q C-kvdm-Cu¬ k-aq-l-Øn¬ ]-I¬ ap-gp-h≥ A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ am¿-K-Øn¬ km-bp-[ k-a-cw \-bn-°p-I-bpw cm-{Xn-ap-gph≥ B-cm-[-\-bpw \n¿-∆-ln-®v B-bn-cw am-kw Po-hn-® H-cp a-lm`-‡-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A-t±-l-sØ Ip-dn-®p tI- ´ \-_n(kz)bpw A-\p-bm-bn-I-fpw B-›-cy-s∏-Sp-I-bpw X-ß-fp-sS kp-Ir-X-߃ F-{X Xp-—-am-sW-∂v ]-cn-`hn- °p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. Cu ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-Wv {]-kv-XpX kq-d-Øv A-h-X-cn-®-Xv.(C-_v-\p P-co¿).î sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv-dn-s‚ am-lm-fly-sØ Ip-dn-®v \n-c-h- [n l-Zo-kp-I-fp-≠v. {]-kv-Xp-X cm-hn-s‚ {]-tXy-I-X-Iƒ, A-Xn-\pth-≠n A-c-bpw X-e-bpw ap-dp-°n {]-hm-N-I¿(kz) B-cm-[-\m \n-a-Kv-\-\m-b-Xv, Ip-Spw-_-sØ hn-fn-®p-W¿- Øn C-Xv t_m-[n-∏n-®-Xv. l-Zo-kp-Iƒ ]-c-∂p-In-S-°p-∂p. \-∑-bn¬ Pm-{K-Øm-hp-I Xn-cp-\-_n-bp-sS {]-Ir-Xn-bm-bncp-∂p. Im-c-Ww Cu hn-ip-≤-cm-hv A-hn-Sp-sØ A`n-emj-{]-Im-cw A-√m-lp \¬-In-b k-Ωm-\-am-Wv. A-\-kv(d) ]-d-bp-∂p. ]q¿-∆-Im-e k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ B-bp¿ ssZ¿-Ly-sØ ∏-‰n Nn-¥n-®-t∏mƒ A-h-cp-sS A-Sp-sØ-Øm≥ ]-‰m-Ø A-h-ÿ-bn-em-W-t√m X-s‚ k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ B-bp- v F-∂v Xn-cp-\-_n(kz) ]-cn-X- ]n-®p. C-Xn-\p ]-cn-lm-c-am-bn-´m-Wp sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv¿ hn-fw-_-cw sN-øp-∂ A-[ym-bw C-d-ßn-b-Xv.(ap-h-Xz, ss_- l-Jn). 950 h¿-j-am-Wv \q-lv \-_n(A) Po-hn-®-Xv. A-t±-lØn-s‚ k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-\pw X-Øp-ey-am-b {]m-b-am-bn-cn- °-Ww. A-{X Zo¿-Lm-bp- n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p ap≥-Im-e kaq-l-߃. Zo¿-LIm-e-sØ {]m¿-∞-\-bn-epw X-]-kyI-fn-epw A-¥¿-ë-hn-®v C-em-ln X-]-ky-I-fn-epw A-¥¿- `-hn-®v C-em-ln km-ao-]y-Øn-s‚ ]-S-hp-Iƒ I-b-dn-t∏mbn A-h¿. F-∂m¬ A-¥y-{]-hm-N-I¿ ap-l-Ω-Zv \- _n(kz) 63- h¿-j-am-Wv Po-hn-®-Xv. X-s‚ k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ B-bp-kv ssZ¿-Lyw i-cm-i-cn 60-˛70 B-bn-cn-°p-sa- ∂v A-hn-Sp-∂v {]-h-Nn-®n-´p-≠v. C-{X {l-kzm-bp- n-Iƒ \q-‰m-≠p-I-fp-sS B-cm-[-\-Iƒ \n¿-∆-ln-® k-aq-l-Øns‚ tXm-tfm-Sp-tN¿-∂v \n¬-°m≥ A¿-l-X-t\-Sp-∂-sXß-s\?. \-_n-bp-sS k-ap-Zm-bw ap≥-Im-e k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ ta¬ km-£n-bm-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂v A-√m-lp sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Ønbn-´p-≠v. ]-s£, Xp-ey-tbm-Ky-X-bn-√m-Ø-h¿ km-£n-Ifm-hp-I \ym-b-am-tWm? Cu k-a-ky-Iƒ-s°-√mw \o-Xnam-\m-b A-√m-lp ]-cn-lm-cw I-≠-Xpw Xn-cp-\-_n(kz)sb k-t¥m-jn-∏n-®-Xpw B-bn-cw am-k-ß-fp-sS ]-hn-{X-X-bp- ≈ B hn-ip-≤ cm-hp-sIm-≠m-Wv. B-cm-hn¬ B-cm-[- \m-I¿-Ω-߃ sIm-≠v k-Po-h-am-°n-b-h¿ `m-Ky-hm≥-am¿.

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 31 B cm-{Xn-sb hn-kv-a-cn-°-cp-sX-∂v {]-hm-N-I¿ B-lzm- \w sN-bv-Xp. k¬-am≥(d) ]-d-bp-∂p. i-Av-_m≥ am-k-Øn-s‚ HSp-hn¬ \-_n(kz) D-Xv-t_m-[n-∏n-®p. P-\-ß-tf, \n-߃- °n-Xm ]p-Wyw \n-d-™ H-cp am-kw h-∂-W-™n-cn-°p- ∂p. B am-k-Øn¬ H-cp cm-hp-≠v. B-bn-cw am-k-tØ- °mƒ \-∑-\n-d-™-Xm-W-Xv. (C-_v-\p Jp-k-bv-a, C-_v- \p ln-∫m≥). ss_-l-Jn-bpw, C-_v-\p Jp-k-bv-a-bpw D-≤-cn-°p-∂ a-s‰m-cp l-Zo-kv: A-_q-ssi-Jv(d) \n-th-Z-\w: l-em-emb `£-Ww sIm-≠v d-a-fm-\n¬ t\m-ºp-Im-c-s\ t\mºp-Xp-d-∏n-°p-∂-h-\p d-a-fm≥ cmhp-Iƒ ap-gp-s° a-e-°p-Iƒ {]m¿-Yn-°p-∂-Xpw sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv-dn¬ Pn-_v-co¬(A) A-h-s‚ I-cw Npw-_n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. ssee-Øp¬ J-Zv-dn-s‚ ]p-Wyw \ntj-[n-°-s∏-´-h¿ ]-cm-Pn-X-\msW-∂v ss_-l-Jn-bpw \-km-Cbpw D-≤-cn-® a-s‰m-cp l-Zo-kn¬ Im-Wmw. G-Xp cm-hn¬? C-{X-tb-sd {]m-[m-\y-ap-≈ B cm-hv F-∂m-bn-cn-°pw. A-sX- °p-dn-®v Ir-Xy-am-b ]-cm-a¿-iw e`y-am-Im-Xn-cp-∂-Xv F-¥v-sIm- ≠v? kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw D-b¿- ∂ph-cm-hp-∂ k-tµ-l-ß-fm-WnXv. H-cp ]Tn-Xm-hv \ym-b-am-bpw D-∂-bn-°p-∂ tNm-Zy-߃. {]-amW-ß-fp-sS sh-fn-®-Øn¬ A-hbv-°pw D-Ø-cw I-s≠-Ømw. sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv-dn-s‚ Zn-hkw \-_n(kz)°v A-√m-lp Adn-bn-®p sIm-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv k-Xyw. D-_m-Z-Xv-_v-\p kzman-Xv(d) hn¬\n-∂v C-amw _p-Jmcn(d) D-≤-cn-°p-∂p. \_n-(kz) sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv¿ G-Xp Zn-h-kam-sW-∂-dn-bn-°m≥ R-ß-fp-sS A-Sp-tØ-°v ]p-d-s∏-´p. A-t∏mƒ ap-kv-enw-I-fn¬ s]-´ c-≠p t]¿ i-WvT-Iq-Sp-∂-Xv I-≠p. A-t∏mƒ \-_n(kz) ]-d-™p. sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv-dn-s‚ Xnø-Xn {]-Jym-]n-°m≥ h-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p Rm≥. A-t∏m-gmWv Cu c-≠p-t]¿ _-l-fw sh-°p-∂-Xv. A-tXm-sS B ⁄m-\w A-√m-lp D-b¿-Øn-°-f-™p. ëí C-°m-c-Ww sIm-≠p X-s∂ sse-e-Xp¬ JZv¿ C-∂- Zn-h-k-am-sW-∂v Ir-Xy-am-bn ]-d-bp-I km-[y-a-s√-¶n-epw kq-£-Pm-\n-I-fm-b ]-fin-X≥-am¿ {i-t≤-b-am-b \n-K-a- \-ß-fn¬ F-Øn-b-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. d-a-fm-s‚ A-h-km-\ ]-Øn-em-Wv A-sX-∂m-Wv i-‡-am-b \n-K-a-\w. B-Cim _o-hn ]-d-b-s´: \-_n(kz) ]-d-™p. \n-߃ d-a-fm- \n-s‚ A-h-km-\ ]-Øn-se H-‰-bm-b cm-hp-I-fn¬ ssee-Xp¬ J-Zv¿ {]-Xo-£n-°p-I.(_p-Jm-cn) _p-Jm-cn X-s∂ D-≤-cn-°p-∂ a-s‰m-cp l-Zo-kv: A-_v-\p-D-a¿(d)hn¬\n-∂v \n-th-Z-\w. Nn-e kz-lm-_n-Iƒ-°v sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv-dns\ Ip-dn-®p-≈ kz-]v-\ Z¿-i-\-ap-≠m-bn. d-a-fm-s‚ A-hkm-\ G-gp-Zn-h-k-ß-fn-em-bn-cp-∂p C-Xv. C-X-dn-™ \- _n(k) ]-d-™p: \n-ß-fp-sS kz-]v-\ Z¿-i-\ {]-Im-cw sse-e-Xp¬ JZv¿ Imw-£n-°p-∂-h¿ d-a-fm-s‚ H-Sp-hn-esØ G-gp cm-hp-I-fn¬ {]-Xo-£n-°-s´. \n-߃ d-a-fm-\n-se A-h-km-\-sØ ]-Øn¬ sse-e-Xp¬ J-{Zv! {]-Xo-£n-°pI. A-Xn¬ X-s∂ C-cp-]-sØm-∂v, C-cp- ]-Øn-aq-∂v, C-cp-]-Øn-b-©v, cm-hp-Ifn¬(_p-Jm-cn) D-_m-Z-Xv-_v-\p kzm-anXv(d) hn¬ \n-∂v ss_-l-Jn, A-“-Zv XpS-ßn-b-h¿ tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-b l-Zo-kn¬ C-cp-]-Øn-sbm≥-]-Xmw cm-hn-epw d-a-fms‚ A-h-km-\-cm-hn-epw {]-Xo-£n-°p-sa- ∂v Iq-Sn Im-Wmw. A-–p-√m-ln-_v-\p D-a¿(d) ]-d-bp-∂p. sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv-dn-s\-∏-‰n \-_n(kz) tbmSp tNm-Zn-®-t∏mƒ A-Xv F-√m d-a-fm≥ am-k-Øn-ep-am-sW-∂m-bn-cp-∂p A-hn-Sp- ∂p a-dp-]-Sn ]-d-™-Xv. (A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv, Xz- _v-dm-\n). A-_q-lv-sd-bv-d(d) ]-d-bp-∂p: R߃ \-_n(kz)bp-sS A-Sp-°¬ sh-®v sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv-dn-s\-°p-dn-®v kw-h-Zn-°pI-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-t∏mƒ A-hn-Sp-∂p tNmZn-®p. C-\n Cu am-k-Øn¬ F-{X-bp-≠v _m-°n? R-߃ {]-Xn-h-Nn-®p. C-cp ]- Øn-c-≠v Zn-\-߃ I-gn-™p. A-t∏mƒ \-_n(kz) ]-d-™p. C-cp-]-Øn-c-≠v Znh-kw I-gn-™p. C-\n G-gp-Zn-\-߃ IqSn _m-°n-bp-≠v. A-Xn¬ C-cp-]-Øn-sbmº-Xm-a-sØ cm-hn¬ \n-߃ sse-e-Xp¬ J-{Zv! {]-Xo-£n-°p-I. Cu l-Zo-kv C-amw kz-bq-Yn(d) {]-_-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. (Zp¿-Zp¬ a≥-kq¿ 6/372). C-cp-]-Øn G-gmw cm-hv Jp¿-B-\n¬ \n-∂p-≈ km-l-N-cy \n-K-a-\-ß-fp-sSbpw l-Zo-kv ]mT-ß-fp-sS-bpw k-®-cn-X-cm-b ]-fin-X al-Øp-°-fp-sS a-l-Zz-N-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ sse-e-Xp¬ JZv¿ d-a-fm≥ 27-mw cm-hn¬ B-Im-\p-≈ km-[y-X G-sd-bm-Wv. ap-kv-enw tem-Iw bp-K-ß-fm-bn {]-kv-Xp-X Zn-h-k-Øn-\v {]m-[m-\yw \¬-In B-cm-[-\-Ifn-epw C-Av-Xn-Im-^n-ep-am-bn I-gn-bp-∂p. C-Xv C-∂pw C- ∂-se-bpw Xp-S-ßn-b-X-√. C-cp-]-Øn-tb-gmw cm-hm-Wv apsse-e-Xp¬ JZv¿ C-∂-Zn-h-k-am-sW-∂v Ir-Xy-am-bn ]-d-bp-I km-[y-a-s√-¶n-epw kq-£-Pm-\n-I-fm-b ]-fin-X≥-am¿ {i-t≤-b-amb \n-K-a-\-ß-fn¬ F-Ønb-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. d-a-fm-s‚ A-h-km-\ ]-Øn-em-Wv A-sX-∂m-Wv i-‡-am-b \n-K-a-\w. B-C-im _o-hn ]-d-b-s´: \-_n(kz) ]-d-™p. \n-߃ d-a-fm-\ns‚ A-h-km-\ ]-Øn-se H-‰-bm-b cm-hp-I-fn¬ sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv¿ {]-Xo-£n-°p-I. (_p-Jm-cn)

32 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 kv-enw tem-Iw sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv-dm-bn ]q¿-h-Im-ew apX¬ A-\p-jvTn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xv. C-Xp X-s∂-bm-Wv `q-cn`mKw ⁄m-\n-I-fp-sS ho-£-W-hpw.(X¿-io-lv, 1/168, dmkn 32/30) B-bn-cw am-k-tØ-°mƒ a-l-Xz-ap-≈ cm-hm-Wv sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv¿ F-∂p hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n- ®-Xm-Wv. B-bn-cw am-kw F-∂-Xv F-º-Øn-aq-∂v h¿- j-hpw \m-ep am-k-hp-am-Wv. A-Xm-b-Xv ap-∏-Xn-\m-bncw ]-I-epw ap-∏-Xn-\m-bn-cw cm-{Xn-bpw. sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv-dn-se C-_m-Z-Øn-\v sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv-dn-√m-Ø B-bn-cw am-k-Øn-se C-_m-Z-Øn-t\-°mƒ ]p-Wy-ap-≠v. A¬ J-Zv-dn-s‚ A¿-∞w: J-Zv¿ F-∂m¬ ÿm-\w, a-l-Xzw, ]-Z-hn F-s∂m-s°-bm-Wv. A-t∏mƒ ssee-Øp¬ J-Zv¿ F-∂m¬ a-l-Xz-ap-≈ cm-{Xn F-∂¿-∞w. I-W-°m-°p-∂ cm-{Xn F-∂¿-∞-hpw D-≠v.A-Sn-a-Ifp-sS Im-cy-߃ A-√m-lp I-W-°m- °p-∂ cm-hv. ap-tº I-W-°m-°n-bXv ]p-Xp-°p-I F-∂m-Wv D-t±-iyw. sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv¿ F-∂ a-lXz-ap-≈ cm-hv A-√m-lp ap≥ k-apZm-b-߃-s°m-∂pw \¬-In-bn-´n-√. Xn-cp-\-_n-bp-sS D-Ω-Øn-s‚ am-{Xw {]-tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. A-¥y-\mƒ h-sc A-Xp D-≠m-Ip-I-bpw sN-øpw. ssee-Øp¬ J-Zv¿ d-a-fm≥ am-k-Øn-emsW-∂v im-^n-Cu a-Zv-l-_n-se Cam-ap-Iƒ G-tIm-]n-®n-´p-≠v. d-a-fm-\ne-√-∂p A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-h-cpw D-≠v. \m¬-∏-Xn¬-]-cw A-`n-{]m-b-߃ C- ∆n-j-b-Øn-ep-≠v. Cu h-kv-Xp-X lm- ^n-fv C-_v-\p l-P¿ A-kv-J-em-\n (d) ^-Xv-lp¬-_m-cn-bn¬ {]-kv-Xmhn-®n-´p-≠v.(i¿-hm-\n 3/427) cm-{Xn-I-fn¬ H-∂mw ÿm-\w Xncp-\-_n(kz) P-\n-® cm-{Xn-°m-Wv. sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv-dn-\p c-≠mw ÿm- \w. F-∂m¬ \-_n(kz)°v G-‰-hpw a-l-Xz-am-b cm-{Xn C-kv-dm-C-s‚ cm-{Xn-bm-Wv. A-∂mW-t√m \-_n(kz) A-√m-lp-hn-s\ I-≠-Xv. (i¿-hm-\n: 2/405) ]p-Wyw C-cp-∏-Øn-\m-ev a-Wn-°q¿ B-bn-cw am-k-tØ-°mƒ a-l-Xzw F-∂-Xv H-cp cm- {Xn-°p am-{X-a-√, A-Xn-t\m-Sv Xp-S¿-∂p h-cp-∂ ]-I-en- \p-ap-≠v. A-Xp sIm-≠v X-s∂ C-_m-Z-Øv sIm-≠v kPo-h-am-°¬ cm-{Xn-bpw Xp-S¿-∂p h-cp-∂ ]-I-en-epw kp-∂-Øp-≠v. C-°m-cyw \-Ωp-sS ^p-J-lm-Av hn-h-cn- ®n-´p-≠v.(lm-in-b-Øp¬ _p-ssP-cn-an 2/93) sse-eØp¬ J-Zv¿ t_m-[y-s∏-´-h¿ ]n-∂o-Sp-≈ Zn-\-cm-{Xß-fn-epw C-_m-Z-Øn-em-bn k-Po-h-am-I¬ kp-∂-Øp- ≠v. A-√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp-≈-\-µn-bp-sS `m-K-am-Wn-Xv. (Pa¬: 2/355)sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv¿ t_m-[y-s∏-´-h≥ AXp a-d-®v sh-°p-I-bm-Wv th-≠-Xv. A-Xp A-h-\p A- √m-lp \¬-In-b H-cp B-Z-c-hm-Wv. A-Xp ]-c-kz-am-°- cp-Xv.(_p-iv-d¬ I-cow: 1/569) {]-tXy-I {]m¿-∞-\ sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv-dn¬ A√mlpΩ C∂° A^p-h≥ Xpln- ∫p¬ A^vh ^Av^p A∂o. F- ∂ {]m¿-∞-\ h¿-[n-∏n-°¬ kp-∂- Øm-Wv. (lm-in-b-Øp¬ _p-ssP-cnan : 2/411, _p-iv-d¬ I-cnw: 1/5 69) cm- {Xn k-Po-h-am-°p-t∏m-se ]-I-en-epw k-Po-h-am-°-W-sa-∂p ^p-J-lm-Av ]Tn-∏n-®-Xn¬ \n-∂p {]-kv-X-X {]m¿- ∞-\-bpw a-‰pw ]-I-en-epw h¿-[n-∏n- °-W-sa-∂p a-\- n-em-°mw. sse-eØp¬ J-Zv¿ 27-mw cm-hn-em-sW-∂v kzlm-_-Ø-S-°w ]-e-cpw A-`n-{]m-bs∏-´n-´p-≠v. ]-e A`n-{]m-b-ß-fn¬ Hcp A-`n-{]m-bw am-{Xw A-Xn-\-h¿ ]- e \ym-b-ß-fpw \-S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ]p-Wyw e`n-°m-Ø \m-ep hn-`m-Kw ss_-l-Jn, C-_v-\p-ln-∫m≥ D- ≤-cn-® l-Zo-kn¬ sse-e-Xp¬ J-Zv¿ e`n-°m-Ø \m-ep hn-`m-K-sØ ]-cnN-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv Im-Wmw. kp-Zo¿- L-am-b H-cp l-Zo-kn¬ \-_n(kz) ]-d-bp-∂p. {]-`m-X-am-bm¬ Xn-cn-®pt]m-Im≥ k-a-b-am-bn F-∂v a-e-°pI-tfm-Sv Pn-_v-co¬(A) ]-d-bpw. Ah¿ X-øm-dm-bn-\n¬-°pw. F-∂n-´-h¿ Pn-_v-co-en-t\m-Sm-cm-bpw. ap-l-ΩZv(kz)bp-sS k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ Im-cyØn¬ A-√m-lp F-¥m-Wp Xo-cp-am- \n-®-Xv.? Pn-_v-co-en-s‚ a-dp-]-Sn Cu cm-hn¬ A-√m-lp A-h¿-°v Im-cp-Wyw h¿-jn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. F-√m-h¿-°pw am-∏p \¬-Im-\pw Xo-cp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \m-ep hn-`mK-߃-s°m-gn-sI. l-Zo-kv {i-hn-® kz-lm-_n-Iƒ \- _n(kz)tbm-Sv tNm-Zn-®p. `m-Ky-lo-\-cm-b A-h¿ Bcm-Wv d-kq-te? \-_n(kz) ]-d-™p: ÿn-c-am-bn a-Zy- ]n-°p-∂-h¿, am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-sf ]o-Un-∏n-°p-∂-h¿, IpSpw-_ _-‘w hn-t—-Zn-°p-∂-h¿, Im-]-Sy-hpw Ip-ip-ºpw lr-Z-b-Øn¬ sIm-≠p-\-S-°p-∂-h¿ F-∂n-h-cm-Wv B \m-ep hn`m-K-°m¿. sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv¿ F-∂ a-l-Xz-ap-≈ cm-hv A-√m-lp ap≥ k-ap-Zm-b߃-s°m-∂pw \¬-In-bn-´n- √. Xn-cp-\-_n-bp-sS D-Ω-Øns‚ am-{Xw {]-tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. A-¥y-\mƒ h-sc A-Xp D-≠m-Ip-I-bpw sN-øpw. sse-e-Øp¬ J-Zv¿ d-a-fm≥ am-k-Øn-em-sW-∂v im-^n-Cu a-Zv-l-_n-se C-am-ap-Iƒ G-tIm-]n-®n-´p- ≠v. d-a-fm-\n-e-√-∂p A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-h-cpw D-≠v. \m¬-∏-Xn¬-]-cw A-`n-{]m-b-߃ C-∆n-j-b-Øn-ep-≠v.

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 33 `q-an-bn¬-\n-∂p kq-cy-\n-te-°p-≈ i-cm-i-cn Zq-cw 8.3 {]-Im-i-an-\n-‰mWv,A-Xm-b-Xv 149.6 Z-i-e-£w In-temao-‰-dm-Wv. `u-tam-]-cn-X-e-Øn-ep-≈ \-Ωƒ A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv ssh-Zyp-Xn Im-¥n-I X-cw-K-ß-fp-sS kq-cy-\n¬ \n-∂p-≈ hn-I-c-W-hpw Xm-]-hp-am-Wv. ]T\w A–p√ Aao≥ B Xm-]-\n-e-bn-se B-dp i-X-am-\w A-¥-co-£-Øn¬ hym-]n-°p-I-bpw ]-Xn-\m-dp i-X-am-\w _-ln-cm-Im-iØv Nn-X-dn In-S-°p-I-bpw C-cp-]-Ønsb-´v i-X-am-\w ta-L-ß-fn¬ {]-Xn- ^-en-∏n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xv 47 i-X-am- \w Xm-]-\n-e-bm-Wv `q-an-bn-te-°v Fh-cq...tN-cmw A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ X-W-en¬

34 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 Øp-∂-Xv. A-Y-hm kq-cy-\n¬\n-∂v ]p-d-tØ-°ph-cp-∂ Xm-]-\n-ebp-sS ]-Ip-Xn-tbm-fw h-cn-√ C-t∏mƒ \mw A-\p-`hn-°p-∂ Nq-Sv. Cu D-jv-Ww t]m-epw k-ln-°m≥ ]-‰m-sX \n-c-¥-cw kq-cym-Lm-Xß-fpw A-\p-_-‘ {]-iv-\-ß-fpw t\-cn-Sp-∂-h-cm-Wv \m-tam-tcm-cpØ-cpw. \-Ωp-sS C-l-tem-I Po-hn-X-Øn¬ \mw A-\p`-hn-°p-∂ Nq-Sns\ Ip-dn-®p-≈ [m-c-W-bm-Wv ap-I-fn¬ {]-Xn-]m-Zn-®-Xv. F-∂m¬ Hcp a-\p-jy-s‚ ss\-an-jn-I-am-b Zp-\n-bm-hn-se Po-hn-Xw A-h-km- \n-®v im-iz-X-tem-I-am-b ]-c-tem-I-Øv F-Øp-tºmƒ A-hn-sS A- \p-`-hn-°m-\p-≈ Nq-Sv C-Xn-te-sd ITn-\-am-Wv. A-Y-hm kq-cy≥ Hcp Nm¨ ap-I-fn¬\n-∂v D-Zn-°p-∂p F-∂m-Wv {]-hm-N-I¿(kz) \- sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv `u-Xn-I tem-I-Øp-≈ Nq-Sp t]m-epw \-ap-°v k-ln-°m-t\m £-an-°m-t\m Dƒ-s°m-≈m-t\m ]-‰m-Ø cq-]-Øn¬ {]-bm-kw A-\p-`h-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ F-ß-s\-bm-Wv C-{X-tb-sd ImTn- \y-ta-dn-b D-jv-W-sØ, H-cp {]-Xn-k-‘n-sb \-ap-°v a-dn-I-S-°m≥ I-gn-bp-I. F-Sp-°p-I,]-≈n-bn-te-°v N-hn-´-Sn-Iƒ h¿- [n-∏n-°p-I, H-cp \n-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v ti-jw a-s‰m-cp \n-kv-Im-cw Im-Øn-cn-°p-I.(ap-kvenw). ip-≤-am-b sh-≈w sIm-≠p-≈ Aw-Kkv-\m-\w im-co-cn-I ip-≤n-bpw am-\-kn-Iip-≤n-bpw {]-Zm-\w sN-øp-∂p.Xn-cp-\- _n(kz) ]-d-™p: H-cp hn-izm-kn-bm-b ASn-a hp-fq sN-bv-Xm¬ ap-Jw I-gp-Ip-∂ sh- ≈-Øn-s\m-∏w I-Æp-Iƒ Im-c-W-am-bn kw- `hn-® sX-‰p-Iƒ s]m-gn-™p t]m-hp-∂-XmWv. ssI I-gp-Ip-tºmƒ A-h-bp-sS tZm-jß-fpw Im¬ ip-≤n-bm-°p-tºmƒ \-S-Øw aq-e-ap-≈ ]m-]-ß-fpw C-√m-Xm-hp-∂p. Aß-s\ A-h≥ sX-‰p-I-fn¬\n-∂v ]-cn-ip-≤- \m-Ip-∂p.(ap-kv-enw) ss]-im-Nn-s‚ Zp¿-t_m-[-\-ß-fn¬ \n- ∂v c-£t\-Sm≥ a-l-Øp-°ƒ ]Tn-∏n-® am¿-K-ß-fn¬ {]-[m-\-s∏-´-Xm-Wv ]q¿-W-amb hp-fq-Av. B-bp- n¬ h¿-≤-\-hpw, {]m¿- ∞-\-Iƒ-°v kzo-Im-cy-X-bpw,a-e-°p-I-fp-sS {]m¿-∞-\-bpw \n-Xy-am-bn hp-fp sN-øp-∂- h¿-°v e-`n-°pw. Xn-cp-Zq-X¿(kz) ]-d-™p: h-√-h-\pw cm- {Xn ip-≤n-bp-≈-h-\m-bn In-S-∂p-d-ßn-bm¬ A-h-\p-th-≠n a-e-°p-Iƒ ]m-]-tam-N-\w tX-Spw.(C-_v-\p ln-∫m≥). \m-sf ]-c-tem-I-Øv Xn-cp-\-_n-bp-sS j- ^m-A-Øv e`n-°m≥ I-c-Wo-b-hp-am-Wv hpfq-Av. A-_q-lp-ssd-d(d)bn¬\n-∂v D≤-cn- ® l-Zo-kn¬ hn-iz-kn-I-sf lu-fn-s‚-bcn-In¬ Rm≥ Im-Øn-cn-°p-sa-∂v ]-d-™- t∏mƒ kz-lm-_n-am¿ tNm-Zn-®p: A-√m-lphn-s‚ d-kq-te, A-ß-bp-sS k-ap-Zm-bØn¬ \n-∂p-≈ hn-izm-kn-I-sf A-ßv Fß-s\ Xn-cn-®-dn-bpw?Xn-cp-\-_n(kz) {]-Xnh-Nn-®p: F-s‚ k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-se hn-izm-knIƒ hp-fp-Av Im-c-W-am-bn ssI-Im-ep-I-fpw ap-J-ß-fpw sh-fp-Ø-h-cm-bm-Wv A-¥y-\mfn¬ h-cn-I.(kp-\-\p-A-lva-Zv). cm-{Xn-bp-sS \n-›-e-X-bn¬ B-flo-b-am-bn D-W-cp-∂-h¿ h-√-h-\pw C-im-Av P-am-A-Øm-bn \-akv-°-cn-®m¬ cm-{Xn-bp-sS ]-Ip-Xn \-a-kv- °-cn-® {]-Im-c-am-Wv. H-cmƒ C-im-Dw kp- _v-ln-bpw P-am-A-Øm-bn \n-kv-°-cn-®m¬ H-cp cm-{Xn ap-gp-s°-bpw \-n-kv-I-cn-®-h-s\ t]m-se-bm-Wv.(apkvenw: 656). a-s‰m-cp l-Zo-kn¬ Xn-cp-Zq-X¿(kz) ]- F-√m-h-cpw hn-b¿-∏n¬ ap-ßn-°p-fn-®n-cn-°p-∂ L-´w,Cu ë-bm- \-I-am-b km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ c-£-t\-Sm-\p-≈,hn-sF-]n kp-c-£ e`n- °m-\p-≈ A-\-h-[n Im-cy-߃ Xn-cp-Zq-X¿(kz) \-ap-°v ]Tn-∏n-®p X-∂n-´p-≠v. ìA-√m-lp-hns‚ X-W¬ A-√m-Ø H-cp X-W-epw e-`y-am-Im-Ø a-lv-i-d-bn¬ A-√m-lp \n-߃-°v X-W¬ \¬-Ipw Cu aq-∂p Imcy-߃ sN-bv-Xm¬, H-∂v, i-co-c C-—-Iƒ B-ey-k-s∏-´v a-\- v Akz-ÿ-am-Ip-tºm-gpw ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw Aw-K-kv-\m-\w sN-øp-∂-h¿. c- ≠v,cm-{Xn-bp-sS C-cp-fn¬ ]-≈n-bn-te-°v \-S-∂pt]m-bn \nkv-I-cn- °p-∂-h¿. aq-∂v, hn-i-°p-∂-h-\v `£-Ww \¬-Ip-∂-h¿.(A¬ Ckv-Xn-Av-Zm-Zp en-bu-an¬ a-B-Zv ) ]q¿-Æ hp-fq-Av, a-l-Xz-hpw am-lm-fly-hpw H-cn-°¬ d-kq¬(kz) kz-lm-_-Øn-t\m-Sv tNm-Zn-®p:]m-]-߃ s]m-dp-°p-∂, ]-Z-hn D-b¿-Øp-∂ H-cp Im-cyw Rm≥ \n-߃-°v Adn-bn-®p X-c-t´? A-h¿ Xm¬-]-cy-s∏-´-t∏mƒ \-_n(kz) ]-d-™psIm-Sp-Øp: sh-dp-°-s∏-Sp-∂ km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ ]q¿-W-am-bn hp-fq

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 35 d-bp-∂p: C-im-Av, kp-_v-ln \nkv-Im-c-Øn-s‚ t{i-jvT-X-Iƒ A-dn-™n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Hm-tcm¿- Ø-cpw C-g-™psIm-≠m-sW-¶n-epw B \-n-kv- °m-c-߃-s°-Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p.(_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw) a-‰p h-Jv-Xp-I-sf A-t]-£n-®v P-\-߃ sXm-gn-ep-Iƒ kw-_-‘-am-b `m-c-ß-fn¬\n-∂v Xn-c-°p-I-fn¬\n-∂v {^o B-Ip-∂ k-a-b-ß-fmWv C-h c-≠pw. A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂ Ckveman-I A-[ym-]-\-߃ h-en-b a-l-Xz-tØm-sS-bmWv Cu c-≠p P-am-A-Øp-I-sf-bpw Im-Wp-∂- Xv. hn-izm-kn-bp-sS Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Cu c-≠p ka-b-ß-fn-epw ]-≈n-bn¬ t]m-bn \n-kv-I-cn-°m≥ {]-tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-∂ [m-cm-fw Xn-cp-h-N-\-߃ \- ap-°v Im-Wm≥ I-gn-bpw. C-cp-´-Øv \-S-∂v ]-≈n-bn-te-°v t]m-bn \-akv-°-cn-°p-∂-h-\v A-¥y-\m-fn¬ A-√m-lp {]- tXy-I {]-Im-iw \¬-In A-\p-{K-ln-°p-∂-Xmbn-cn-°pw.(C-_v-\p ln-∫m≥/2046). D-]-cn l-Zo-kp-I-fn¬ am-in(\-S-∂pt]m-Ip-∂- h≥) F-∂ {]-tbm-K-am-Wv D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈- Xv. H-scm-‰ hm-N-I-Øn-eq-sS H-cp-]m-Sv A¿-∞ hym-]v-Xn-bp-≈ B-i-b-߃ A-\p-hm-N-I¿-°v e-`n-°p-∂p. D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn {]`m-X \-S-Øw, [m-cm-fw B-tcm-Ky ^-e-߃ e`n-°p-∂ H-cp {]-h¿-Ø- \-am-Wn-Xv. tcm-K-{]-Xn-tcm-[-ti-jn h¿[n-∏n-°pI, A-ÿn _-e-s∏-Sp-I, am-\-kn-Im-tcm-Ky-sØ _m-[n-°p-∂ k-Ω¿-Zw, D-Xv-I-WvT F-∂n-h-sbms° K-Wy-am-b Ip-d-hv A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-I, c-‡- k-Ω¿-Z-hpw lr-Z-b-an-Sn-∏pw D-b-cm-\pw F≥-tUms{sI≥ {K-Ÿn-Iƒ Iq-Sp-X¬ tlm¿-tam-Wp-Iƒ D-Xv-]m-Zn-∏n-°m-\pw B-cw-`n-°¬. lr-Z-b-an-Sn-∏pw c-‡-k-Ω¿-Z-hp-sa-√mw \n-b-{¥-W-Øn¬ \n¿- Øm-\pw A-Xp-h-gn lr-Z-bm-tcm-Kyw kw-c-£n- °p-I-Xp-S-ßn-b H-´-t\-Iw im-co-cn-I am-\-kn-I kw-Xr-]v-Xn-°v Im-c-Ww Iq-Sn-bm-Wv {]-`m-X \- S-Øw. hn-i-°p-∂-h-s\ hn-cp-∂q-´-∂-h¿ ]m-c-kv-]-cy _-‘-Øn-\v h-en-b D-∂-Xn-bpw a-l-Xz-hpw I¬-∏n-®n-´p-≈ a-X-am-Wv C-kvemw.A- ]-c-\v th-Z-\n-∏n-°p-∂, {]-bm-k-s∏-Sp-Øp- ∂,s\m-º-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ H-cp hm-°p-t]m-epw Bcn¬ \n-∂pw D-≠m-h-cp-Xv F-∂m-Wv a-X-Øn-s‚ \n¿-t±-iw. A-tXm-sSm-∏w ]m-h-ß-sf k-lm-bn- °m-\pw X-W¬-‰-h¿-°v X-W-te-Im-\pw Xp-W th-≠-h¿-°v Im-h-em-Im-\p-am-Wv Xn-cp-Zq-X¿ (kz) A-hn-Sp-sØ Po-hn-X-Øn-eq-sS \-ap-°v ]Tn- ∏n-®pX-∂n-´p-≈-Xv. \p-_q-∆-Øn-s‚ km-c-k-tµ-i-ß-fp-am-bn h- ∂ Pn-_vco¬(A) an-s\ I-≠-t∏mƒ Xn-cp-\-_n- °v A-\p-`h-s∏-´ sh-{]m-f-s∏-´v ho-´n-se-Øn-bt∏mƒ kv-t\-l-\n-[n-bm-b `m-cy J-Zo-P(d) Ahn-Sp-tØm-Sv kzm-¥-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ Nn-e hm-°pI-fp-≠v. N-cn-{X-Øn¬ h-en-b {]m-[m-\y-tØmsS tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn sh-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v B hm-°pIƒ. A-ßv k-t¥m-jn-°p-I. A-√m-lp A-ß-sb H-cn-°-epw {]-bm-k-s∏-Sp-Øq-e. A-ßv Ip-Spw-_ _-‘w tN¿-°p-∂-h-cm-W-t√m. I-„-s∏-Sp-∂-hs‚ `m-cw Np-a-°p-∂. A-Xn-Yn-sb am-\n-°p-∂,Ah-Im-iw \-„-s∏-´-h-sc k-lm-bn-°p-∂-h-ct√..(_p-Jm-cn). hn-j-°p-∂-h-s\ hn-cp-∂p-´n-bm¬ h-en-b ku`m-Kyw tX-Sn-sb-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. kz¿-K-Øn¬ Nn-e ap-dn-I-fp-≠v. A-h-bp-sS ]p-dw `m-Kw A-IØn-cp-∂pw A-I-Ø-f-߃ ]p-d-sa \n-∂pw ImWmw. B¿-°p-≈-Xm-sW-∂p tNm-Zn-°-s∏-´- t∏mƒ \-_n(kz) ]-d-™p: kw-km-cw \-∂m-°p- ∂-h-cpw `-£-Ww \¬-Ip-∂-h-cpw t\m-ºv A- \p-jvTn-°p-∂-h-cpw cm-{Xn P-\-߃ D-d-ßptºmƒ \n-kv-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-b B-fp-Iƒ-Ip-≈- Xm-Wv. (Xn¿-ap-Zn). km-[p-°-fp-sS {]-iv-\-߃ I-≠-dn-bp-I-bpw A-h-cp-sS hn-i-∏v Xo¿-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-∂ Bfp-I-fp-sS Po-hn-X-Øn¬ sF-iz-cy-ß-fpw [-\-h¿- [-\-hpw D-≠m-hpw. F-∂m¬ A-h-sc A-h-K-Wn- °p-I-bpw I-≠n-s√-∂v \-Sn-°p-I-bpw sN-øptºmƒ A-√m-lp \¬-In-b ]-e A-\p-{K-l-ßfpw Xn-cn-s®-Sp-tØ-°mw. kq-dx A¬ J-e-an¬ H-cp tXm-´-°m-cp-sS IY Jp¿-B≥ hn-h-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. hn-f-sh-Sp-∏n-\v ]m-I-am-b X-ß-fp-sS tXm-´-Øn-te-°v ]p-d-s∏- Sp-∂-Xn-\v ap-ºv ]m-h-s∏-´-h¿-°v A-Xn¬-\n-∂v H-∂pw sIm-Sp-°p-I-bn-s√-∂v Nn-e¿ Xo-cp-am-\n- ®p. ]m-h-ß-fm-b B-fp-Iƒ X-ß-sf Im-Wm-Xncn-°m≥ A-Xn-cm-hn-se A-h¿ A-hn-Sw hn-´p ]pd-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. A-h-cp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-\- Øn-s‚ Zp-c-¥^-ew A-t∏mƒ X-s∂ A-h¿ A- \p-`-hn-®p. F-√mw X-I¿-∂-Sn-™ tXm-´-sØ-bmWv A-h¿-°v A-hn-sS sN-∂-t∏mƒ Im-Wm≥ km-[n-®-Xv. Hm...a-\p-jym... Rm≥ \n-t∂m-Sv `£-Ww Bh-iy-s∏-´p; ]-t£, \o F-s∂ `£n-∏n-®n-√. Abmƒ tNm-Zn-®p: {]-]-©m-[n-]-\m-b d-∫n-s\ Rms\-ß-s\ `£n-∏n-°pw? A-√m-lp ]-d-bpw: \n- \-°-dn-bn-t√, F-s‚ H-cp A-Sn-a \n-t∂m-Sv `-£- Ww B-h-iy-s∏-´p, \o A-h-\-Xv \¬-In-bn-√. \o-sb-ßm-\pw A-h-\v h-√-Xpw `£n-°p-hm≥ sIm-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ A-Xv F-s‚ A-Sp-°¬ \n-\-°v Im-Wm-am-bn-cp-∂p.(ap-kvenw: 2569)

36 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 H-t´m-a≥ knw-lm-k-\-Øn¬ \m-ema-sØ `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn A-[n-Imc-ta-‰-Xv kp¬-Øm≥ ap-dm-Zv H-∂m-as‚ a-I≥ kp¬-Øm≥ _m-b-ko-Zv H- ∂m-a-\m-bn-cp-∂p. kp¬-Øm≥ _m-bko-Zv H-∂m-a≥ P-\n-®-Xv 1360-em-Wv, A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ]n-Xm-hv knw-lm-k- \-Øn¬ I-b-dn-b A-tX h¿-jw Xs∂. _-tb-kn-Zv F-∂m¬ ìb-ko-Zns‚ ]n-Xm-hvî F-∂m-Wv A¿-∞-am-°p- ∂-Xv, C-Xv B-H-A-a-hn J-eo-^ apB-hn-b-Xp _v-\p A-_o kp-^ym-s‚ hn-fn-t∏-cm-Wv. 1387-¬ X-s‚ ]n-Xm-hns\m-∏w I-dm-am-\n ssk-\n-I¿-s°-Xncm-b bp-≤-Øn¬ l-l l-l _m-bko-Zv tN¿-∂p. th-K-ta-dn-b-Xpw Xz-cnX-K-Xn-bn-ep-≈-Xp-am-b H-cp ssk-\nI-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬, bp-≤-ß-sf-√mw hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p, A-Xv A-t±-lb-߃ Io-g-S-°n, C-Xv sk¿-_n-b≥ P-\-X-sb Hm-t´m-a≥-am-tcm-Sv hn-iz-kvX-X ]p-e¿-Øm≥ Iq-Sp-X¬ t{]-cn-∏n- ®p. bq-tdm-∏n-se Nn-e¿-°v Hm-t´m-a≥ `-c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s‚ ap-t∂-‰w A-kz-ÿX kr-„n-®n-cp-∂p, B Im-e-L-´- Øn¬ lw-K-dn-bn-se cm-Pm-hm-bn-cp-∂ s_m-lo-an-b-bn-se kn-Kn-kv-a-≠v am¿- ∏m-∏-tbm-Sv k-lm-bw A-`y¿-∞n-®p. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw, lw-tK-dn-b≥, {^-©v, Cw-•o-jv, t]m-fn-jv, P¿-Ω≥, kv-]m- \n-jv, sh-\o-jy≥, tdm-Un-b≥, h-√m- ®n-b≥ ]-´m-f-°m¿ A-S-ßp-∂ 130,000 Ip-cn-ip-bp-≤-°m-cp-sS H-cp ssk-\yw kw-L-Sn-∏n-®p. ssk-\y-Øn-se 60,000-tØm-fw t]¿ lw-tK-dn-b≥ ]-´m-f-°m-cm-bn-cp- ∂p. Syq-t´m-Wn-Iv ss\-‰v-kv, t\m¿-th, Øn-\v X-≠¿-t_mƒ-´v F-∂¿-∞-ap- ≈ Yildirim (Xp¿-In-jv) F-∂ ]-Zhn \¬-Ip-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ]n-Xm-hm-b kp¬- Øm≥ ap-dm-Zv H-∂m-a-\v 1389-¬ sImtkm-thm bp-≤-Øn¬ c-‡-km-£nbm-b-Xn-\v ti-jw ,H-cp {]-ap-J ]-S-Xe-h-\m-bn A-t±-l-sØ bp-≤-°-fØn¬ knw-lm-k-\-ÿ-\m-°n. hn-Pb-Øn-s‚ B-Àm-Z-{]-I-S-\-ß-fn-√msX hn-P-b-Øn-s‚ ^-ew sIm-øm≥ A-t±-lw H-cp h¿-j-tØm-fw dp-ta-enb-bn¬ Xm-a-kn-t°-≠n h-∂p. h-enb cm-{„o-b ssh-Z-Kv-[y-tØm-sS, sk¿-_n-b-sb \-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]- I-cw, bp-≤-°-f-Øn¬ a-cn-® cm-Pm-hns‚ a-°-fp-am-bn A-t±-lw H-cp D-S-ºSn D-≠m-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-ß-s\, A-t±-lw sk¿-_n-b-°m-cp-sS lr-Z- \oXn-bpsS Dkvam-\n-b- Imew kzmZnJv Npgen X≠¿t_mƒ´v F∂-dn-b-s∏´ _mb-koZv kv-tIm-´v-e≥-Uv, sN-dn-b C-‰m-en-b≥ cm-Py-߃ F-∂n-h {]-Xo-Im-fl-I ssk-\n-I-cp-am-bn tIm¿-]v-kn¬ tN¿- ∂p. dp-ta-en-b-bn¬ \n-∂v Hm-t´m-a≥ hw-i-P-sc ]p-d-Øm-°p-∂-Xn-s\m-∏w aw-eq-°p-I-fn¬ \n-∂v P-dp-k-tew ]nSn-s®-Sp-°m-\pw ssk-\yw e-£y-an-´ncp-∂p. Ip-cn-ip-bp-≤-°m¿ \n-t°m-t]m-fnkv D-]-tcm-[n-®p (C-t∏mƒ Um-\yq-_v \-Zn-°v A-cn-sI \n-t°m-t]mƒ F-∂v hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ H-cp _ƒ-tK-dn-b≥ \- K-cw). Hm¿-Ø-tUm-Iv-kv {In-kv-Xym-\nIƒ A-[n-h-kn-°p-∂ tZ-i-ß-fn-se {]m-tZ-in-I P-\-ß-sf sIm-≈-b-Sn-°pI-bpw I-im-∏v sN-øp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. kp¬-Øm≥ _m-b-ko-Zv Cu-Pn-]v-Xnte-°v ]-em-b-\w sN-bv-X-Xm-bn Ah¿ I-cp-Xn. F-∂n-cp-∂m-epw, Hm-t´m-

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 37 a≥ c-l-kym-t\z-j-W hn-`m-Kw lwtK-dn-b≥ cm-Pm-hpw ss_-k-ss‚≥ N-{I-h¿-Øn-bpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ I-Øn-S- ]m-Sp-I-sf-°p-dn-®v kp¬-Øm-s\ Adn-bn-°p-I-bpw i-{Xp-hn-s‚ km-l-Ncyw ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw a-\- n-em-°n sImSp-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. X-≠¿-t_mƒ- ´v F-∂ hn-fn-t∏-cn-\v tbm-Ky-\m-b kp¬-Øm≥ _m-b-ko-Zv lw-tK-dn-b≥ h-kv-{X-߃ [-cn-®v A-hn-iz-k-\o-bam-b ss[-cy-tØm-sS Hm-t´m-a≥ tIm- ´-bp-sS A-Sn-bn-te-°v Ip-Xn-c-∏p-d-Øv I-b-dn. C-hn-sS-bp-≈ Im-Ã-sse≥ sk-\y-hpw-am-bn kw-km-cn-®v A-t±-lw X-s‚ ssk-\n-I¿-°v t{]m-’m-ln-∏n- °p-I-bpw [m¿-an-I ]n-¥p-W \¬-IpI-bpw sN-bv-Xp. Xp-S¿-∂v, tZ-i-Øns‚ km-l-N-cy-߃-°-\p-k-cn-®v 70,000 t]-c-S-ßp-∂ X-s‚ A-®-S-°- ap-≈ ssk-\y-sØ A-t±-lw X-ømdm-°n. F-Un, 1396 sk-]v-Xw-_¿ 25\v, Ht´m-a≥ ssk-\yw {I-k‚ v X-{¥w F- ∂v hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ ]n≥-k¿ aq-hvsa‚n-eq-sS i-{Xp ssk-\y-sØ IpSp-°p-I-bpw \-in-∏n-°p-I-bpw sN-bvXp. Um-\yq-_n¬ Ip-cn-ip-bp-≤ I-∏¬ ap-ßp-I-bpw 20,000 t]¿ c-£-s∏-SpI-bpw 10,000 X-S-hp-Im-sc ]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp. lw-tK-dn-b≥ cm-Pm-hv kn-Kn-kv-a-≠pw Cw-•-≠n-se cm-Pm-hmb sl≥-dn \m-em-a-\pw c-£-s∏-´v kzbw c-£ tX-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Um-\yq- _n-te-°v F-Sp-Øp Nm-Sn-b-h¿ I-\- Ø I-h-Nw Im-c-Ww hn-im-e-am-b \- Zn-bn¬ ap-ßn-a-cn-®p. 70 h-en-b I-∏- ep-I-fn¬ sh-\o-jy-°m¿ A-b-® shSn-a-cp-∂v ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-Øp. bp-≤ [-\-ambn e-`n-® h-kv-Xp-°ƒ A-\-t´m-fn-bbn-epw dp-ta-en-b-bn-epw \n-c-h-[n Poh-Im-cp-Wy {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn¬ D-]- tbm-Kn-®p, A-Xn-s‚ A-©n-sem-∂v kp¬-Øm-s‚ hn-ln-X-Øn-te-°v t]mIp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ip-cn-ip-bp-≤-°m-cp-sS ]-cm-P-b hm¿-Ø bq-tdm-∏n¬ H-cp t_mw-_v t]m-se ]-Xn-°p-∂-Xp t]m-tem-Ø {]-I-º-\-ap-≠m-°n. _-µn-I-fm-°n-bh¿-°m-bn D-b¿-∂ c-£mI-h-Nw kp¬-Øm≥ Xo¿-Øp. C-\n-sbm-cn-°- epw X-\n-s°-Xn-sc hm-sf-Sp-°n-s√-∂v i-]-Yw sN-bv-X i-{Xp _-µn-Iƒ-°mbn kp¬-Øm≥ _m-b-ko-Zv A-h-km- \ Zn-h-kw H-cp hn-cp-s∂m-cp-°n. _- µn-I-fm-°n-b-h-cn¬ 27 {^-©v {]-`p- °-∑m-cn¬ G-‰-hpw {]-i-kv-X≥ {^m≥-kn-se cm-Pm-hn-s‚ A-Ωm-h-s‚ a-I≥ Po≥ km≥-kv ]yq¿ (Po≥ Zn ^n-b¿-se-kv) B-bn-cp-∂p. kp¬- Øm≥ _m-b-ko-Zn-\v X-∂n¬ X-s∂ A-tß-b-‰w hn-izm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A-t±-lw A-h-tcm-Sv ]-d-™p: Rm≥ Cu {]-Xn-⁄ \n-߃-°v Xn-cn-sI \¬-Ip-∂p. t]m-bn ssk-\y-ß-sf Iq- ´n ho-≠pw F-∂n-te-°v ap-t∂-dp-I. hn-P-b-Øn-s‚ a-l-Xzw ho-s≠-Sp- °m≥ F-\n-°v A-h-k-cw \¬-Iq! ì hn-P-b-sØ C-kvem-an-I tem-Iw B-th-i-tØm-sS-bm-Wv h-c-th-‰-Xv. kp¬-Øm≥ _-tb-kn-Zn-\p-≈ X-s‚ A`n-\-µ-\ I-Øn¬, sI-bv-tdm-bn-se A-∫m-kn-Zv J-eo-^ A-t±-l-sØ kp¬-Øm≥- C-¢n-sa dqw(tdm-a \m-Sns‚ kp¬-Øm≥) F-∂v A`n-kwt_m-[-\ sN-bv-Xp. {]-Xn-tcm-[-an-√msX Xp-S-cp-∂ lw-K-dn-sb ]n-∂o-Sv Iog-S-°m≥ kp¬-Øm≥ {i-an-®n-√ F- ∂-Xpw Um-\yq-_n-s‚ Np-‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ i-‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-sX Cu tZ-i-߃ ]nSn-s®-Sp-°m≥ B-{K-ln-®n-√ F-∂-Xpw A-t±-lw D-÷z-e-am-b \-bw ]n-¥pS¿-∂p-sh-∂-Xn-s‚ sX-fn-hp-I-fm-Wv. bp-≤-Øn-\m-bn dp-ta-en-b-bn-te-°v t]m-b kp¬-Øm-s‚ A-`m-hw ap-Xse-Sp-Øv, A-\ A-\m-t´m-fn-b≥ {]- tZ-i-߃ (sN-dn-b {]-hn-iy-Iƒ) Icm-an-Zp-I-fp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hm-t´ma≥-am¿-s°-Xn-sc H-cp k-Jyw cq-]oI-cn-®p. X¬-^-e-am-bn, kp¬-Øm≥ _-tb-kn-Zv k-cp-Jm-\n-Zv-kv, A-bv-Un≥- kv, sP¿-an-bm-\n-Zv-kv, l-an-Zn-Zv-kv, Ckv-s^≥-Un-bm-cn-Zv-kv, sa-t‚-jn-’v F-∂o {]-hn-iy-Iƒ sN-dp-Øp-\n¬-∏n- √m-sX Io-g-S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C-hnS-ß-fn¬ kp¬-Øm≥ A-h-cp-sS ap≥ ss_-I-sf X-s∂ \n-b-an-°p-I-bm-bncp-∂p. \n-Kv-t_m-ep-hn¬ bp-≤w sNøp-tºmƒ, X-s‚ ]n-Xm-hv kp¬- Øm≥ ap-dm-Zv H-∂m-a-s\-bpw X-s∂- bpw H-‰n-s°m-Sp-Ø X-s‚ k-tlm-Zcn-bp-sS `¿-Øm-hm-b I-cm-an-Zp-I-fn-se A-en t_-sb-bpw A-t±-lw ]-cm-Pb-s∏-Sp-Øn. I-cm-an-Zp-Iƒ-°v ti-jw, Jm-Zn _p¿-lm-\p-±o-s‚ {]-hn-iy-bpw A-h¿ Io-g-S-°n. am-em-Xy-sb aw-eq- °p-I-fn¬ \n-∂v ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-°p-I-bpw, Zp¬-°m-Zn¿ (kp¬-°-Z¿) s_-bv-en- °pw Hm-t´m-a≥ `c-W-Øn≥ Io-gn¬ Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. Ht´m-a≥ A-Xn¿-Øn-Iƒ, sa-Un-‰-td-\nb≥, I-cn-¶-S¬ F-∂n-h-bv-°n-S-bn-ep- ≈ {]-tZ-iw ap-X¬ bq-{^-´o-kv h-sc hym-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. A-ß-s\, sk¬- Pq-°p-I-fp-sS ë-c-W-Øn-\p ti-jw BZy-am-bn A-\-t‰m-en-b≥ sF-Iyw ]nSn-ap-dp-°n. ss_-k-ss‚≥ km-{am-Pyhp-am-bn ku-lm¿-±-]-c-am-b _-‘w ÿm-]n-°m≥ kp¬-Øm≥ _-tb-knZv B-{K-ln-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw A-h¿ Ip-cn-ip-bp-≤-°m-cp-am-bn k-Jy-ap-≠m- °n, C-Xv kp¬-Øm≥ ss_-kss‚≥ tZ-i-߃ \m-ev X-h-W D-]- tcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\v Im-c-W-am-bn. a-s‰mcp `o-j-Wn-sb {]-Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ Hmtcm D-]-tcm-[-hpw \n¿-Øn-sh-°p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp A-t±-lw. 700 ho-Sp-Ifp-≈ H-cp ap-kvenw {]-tZ-i-ß-fp-≈ tIm¨-Ãm‚n-t\m-∏n-fn¬ kz-¥-am-bn ]-≈n-bpw tIm-S-Xn-bpw ÿm-]n-®p. Cu D-]-tcm-[-ß-fn-ep-S-\o-fw kp¬- Øm≥ _-tb-kn-Zv tIm¨-Ãm‚n-t\m- ∏nƒ \-K-c-sØ D-]-tcm-[n-®p. 1400-¬ kp¬-Øm≥ \-K-c-Øn-s‚ \m-em-a-sØ D-]-tcm-[-k-a-b-Øv, \- K-c-Øn-s‚ ]-X-\w k-a-bw A-Sp-Øncp-∂p. \n-t°m-t]m-fn-kv bp-≤-Øn-\pti-jw ss_-k-ss‚≥ km-{am-PysØ k-lm-bn-°m≥ H-cp {In-kv-Xy≥ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-°pw h-cm≥ I-gn-™n- √. Cu \n-an-jw X-s∂, ss_-kss‚≥ km-{am-Py-sØ k-lm-bn- °m≥ H-cp A-{]-Xo-£n-X i-‡n IS-∂p-h-∂p. A-Xv aw-tKm-fn-b≥ hw-iP-\m-b A-ao¿ Xn-aq¿ (Tamerlane) B-bn-cp-∂p, A-t±-lw N-K-Xm-bv Jmt\-‰n-s‚ knw-lm-k-\w ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-°pI-bpw sN-¶n-kv Jm-s‚ ]m-c-º-cyw ]n- ¥p-S-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-X hy-‡n-bm-bn-cp- ∂p.

38 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 HmÀa ap^oZv apl-ΩZv tUm. ap≥-In¿ lp-ss ≥km-_v Ime-ß-fpsS \nd-߃°pw apI-fn¬ Pohn® Hcmƒ kp-µ-c-hpw lr-Z-b-lm-cn-bp-am-b shfp-Ø Pp-∫-Iƒ-s°m-∏w \-S-∂p \o-ßnb Hm¿-a-Iƒ A-t±-l-sØ Ip-fn-c-Wnbn-®n-´p-≠m-Ipw. Po-hn-X-Øn-\v A-ß-s\- sbm-cp N-{I-hm-f ko-a-Iƒ ]-Wn-Xp-b¿- Øn-bn-´v sh-dpw ]-Øp ]-{¥-≠v h¿-j߃ am-{Xw. ]-t£, B a-\o-jn-bp-sS tk-h-\ bm-{X-Iƒ A-Xn-ep-sa-{X-tbm ]-g-°-ap-≠v. I-gn-™ Zn-h-kw hn-S-]-d- ™ tUm. ap≥-In¿ lp-ssk≥ kmln-_n-s\ Ip-dn-®m-Wv ]-d-bm≥ Xp-S-ßp- ∂-Xv. \o-≠p-In-S-°p-∂ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ hn-⁄m-\ {]-ëm-h-Øn¬ a-ßn-°n-S-t°- ≠ B-flo-bm-\p-ëq-Xn A-t±-lw ap-dp-sI ]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xv Xp-S¿-®-bm-b C-cp-]-Øn- \m-ep h¿-j-sØ t\m-ºp ]n-Sn-Ø-Øneq-sS-bm-Wv. a-Xw \n-jv-I¿-jn-°p-∂ h¿- j-Øn-se A-©p Zn-h-k-sØ k-hn-tij kp-∂-Øp t\m-ºp-I-f-Xn¬ Dƒ-s∏- Sp-Øn-bm-epw F-{X cm-]-I-ep-I-fm-Wv hr-X hn-ip-≤n-bm¬ [-\y-am-°n-b-Xv? ASp-Ø-dn-bm≥ km-[n-®n-s√-¶n-epw B Pohn-Xw A-Sp-Ø-dn-™-h-sc tIƒ-°m≥ km-[n-®p. ssh-⁄m-\n-I ]-≤-Xn-I-sfbpw kw-cw-`-ß-sf-bpw kv-t\-ln-®v ⁄m-\-Øn-\v Po-hm-flm-hv _w-Km-fns‚ a-Æn¬ X-fn¿-°m≥ k-lm-bn-® alm≥...D-∂-Xn-bn-se-Øn-bn-´pw H-∂p-ambn-s√-∂v tXm-∂n-b ip-≤≥... ]-›n-a _w-Km-fn-se Ip-{Km-a-Øn¬ 1954¬ sk-]v-‰w-_¿ 20 \v tUm. ap≥- In¿ lp-ssk≥ P-\n-°p-∂-Xv. hn-Zym- `ym-kw kz-]v-\w I-≠v \-S-°p-∂-h-cp-sS \m-Sm-bn-cp-∂n-√ A-∂v A-hnSw. \m-´n-se Iq-en-sØm-gn-em-fn-bm-bn-cp-∂ ]n-Xm-hn-\v {]-Xn-Zn-\w A- ©v ap-X¬ ]-Øp cq-] h-sc-bm-bn-cp-∂p th-Z-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Zm-cn- {Zy-ap-≠m-bn-´pw, tUm. lp-ssk-s‚ hn-Zym-`ym-k bm-{X H-cn-°-epw A-kv-X-an-®n-√. Ip-´n-°m-ew ap-X¬ ]T-\-tØm-Sp-≈ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ A`n-\n-th-iw A-\p-Zn-\w h¿-[n-®p sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p. ]-t£ Ip-Spw- _-Øn-s‚ ]-cm-[o-\-X-Iƒ X-S- -am-bn \n-∂p. F-¶n-epw hn-[n A-t±- l-sØ D-Ω-bp-sS {Km-a-Øn-te-°v \-bn-®p. A-hn-sS \n-∂m-Wv A-t±- l-Øn-s‚ A-°m-Z-an-Iv bm-{X B-cw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. {]m-Y-an-I hn-Zym-`ymk-Øn-\m-bn H-cp `m-Kw X-I¿-∂ ss{]-a-dn kv-Iq-fn¬ t]m-tI-≠n-h- ∂p. A-sXm-∂pw B Zm-l-Øn-\v H-cp i-a-\-hpw \¬-In-bn-√. A-t±-lØn-s‚ hm-°p-Iƒ I-S-sa-Sp-Øm¬ A-hn-sS tN¿-∂n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh- ¶n¬ C-∂v Rm≥ C-ß-s\ H-cp A-h-ÿ-bn¬ D-≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. a-t\m-_-ew H-cp hy-‡n-sb Im-cy-t_m-[-ap-≈-h-\m-°p-sa-∂v ]-d-bp- ∂-Xv F-{X k-Xy-am-Wv. t\-cn-tS-≠n h-cp-∂ Hm-tcm ap-≈p-Iƒ-°pw ]-I-cw B¿-Zr-X e`n-°p-sa-¶n¬ A-Xv t\-cn-Sp-I X-s∂ sb-∂-Xm-Wv tUm. lp-ssk≥ km-ln-_v- D-b¿-Øn hn-Sp-∂ Po-hn-X-]mTw. hn-Zym`ym-k-Øn-s‚ h-gn-Iƒ A-{X kp-µ-c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]-t£ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ Zr-V-\n-›-b-Øn-\v F-√m-bv-t∏m-gpw sN-dp-∏-am-bn-cp- ∂p. Fw.F. ssl-kv-Iq-fn-epw ]n-∂o-Sv ln-Xw-]q¿ tIm-tf-Pn-epw ]Tn- ® A-t±-lw H-Sp-hn¬ _¿-[-am≥ k¿-h-I-em-im-e-bn-se-Øn. A-hnsS c-k-X-{¥-Øn¬ ]n.F-®v.Un ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n. Xp-S¿-∂v tem-tImØ-c-am-b A-°m-Z-an-Iv A-¥-co-£-Øn¬ c-≠-c h¿-jw P-∏m-\n¬ tk-h-\w. ]n-∂o-Sv Xm-bv hm≥ K-h¨-sa‚ v s^-tem-jn-t∏m-sS A-°m-Z-anb kn-\n-° \m-j-\¬ A-°m-U-an-bn¬ kp-Zo¿-L-am-b ]-Xn-t\-gp h¿-jw. Xp-S¿-∂v K-th-j-W-hpw A-[ym-]-\-hp-am-bn tem-I-Øn-se G-‰-hpw h-en-b ]-e hn-Zym`ym-k ÿm-]-\-ß-fn-epw tk-h-\-a-\p-jvTn- ®p. im-kv-{X K-th-j-W ta-J-e-bn¬ A-t±-lw an-I-® kw-`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬-In. k-b≥-kn-se H-cn-°-epw km-[n-°n-s√-∂v ]-d-™v ]-e-cpw Dt]-£n-®n-cp-∂ ^n-kn-Iv-km-Wv C-„-ta-J-e. F¨-]-Xp-I-fn¬ X-s∂ ^n-kn-Iv-kn¬ ]n.F-Nv.Un-bpw t]m-Ãv tUm-Œ-d¬ s^-tem-jn-]pw Ic-ÿ-am-°n. h-f-sc tIm-ºn-‰-‰o-hm-b C-S-I-R s^-tem-jn-t∏m-sS Xp-

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 39 S¿ K-th-j-Ww c-≠ph¿-jw t_mw-s_ sF.sF.Sn. bn¬. Xm-bv hm-\n-se jn-Mvlp-hm bq-\n-th-gv-kn-‰n-bn¬ dn-tk¿-®v s^- tem B-bn-cn-°p-tºm-gm-Wv hn-Jym-X-am-b JSPS (Japan Socitey for the Promotion of Science) s^-tem-jn-∏v e-`n°p-∂-Xv. tem-I-Øn-se {]-ap-J tP-W-ep-I-fn¬ At±-l-Øn-s‚ im-kv-{X ap-∏-Øn-sb-´v Kth-j-W {]-_-‘-߃ {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ 40e-[n-Iw im-kv-{X {]- _-‘-߃, 55 A-¥m-cm-{„ K-th-j-W te-J-\-߃, B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v d-^-d≥- kp-Iƒ F-∂n-h C-t∏m-gpw Kq-Kn-fn-epw dnk¿-®v tK-‰n-epw A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ]-finX tk-h-\-ß-fp-sS A-S-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ø-embn C-∂pw e`y-am-Wv. 2016 ¬ K-th-jWw a-Xn-bm-°n _w-Km-fn-se k-ap-Zm-b im- ‡o-I-c-W D-Zy-a-ß-fn¬ hym-]r-X-\m-b A-t±-lw A-dn-hv e-t_m-d-´-dn-I-fn¬ am- {X-am-bn H-Xp-°m-sX am-\-hn-I-X-bv-°p-≈ tk-h-\-am-°n-b-Xv cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øn. A-Xn-s‚ t\¿-km-£y-am-Wv 2016¬ `ow-]q-cn¬ A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ A- -Io-\ {SÃv kw-`m-h-\ \¬-In-b ]-Xn-aq-t∂-°¿ {]-hn-im-e-am-b ÿ-e-Øv Zm-dp¬-lp-Zm _w-Kmƒ Im-º-kv _-lp-\n-e sI-´n-Sw. sXm-´-Sp-Øp X-s∂-bp-≈ X-s‚ kz-¥w ÿ-e-Øv sa-Un-°¬ tIm-f-Pv, h-\n-Xm tIm-f-Pv Xp-S-ßn-b-h D-b-c-W-sa-∂-t±-lw B-{K-ln-®n-cp-∂p. Zm-dp¬ lp-Z-°p Io-gn¬ X-s∂ sd-kn-U≥-jy¬ h-\n-Xm tIm-tfPn-s‚ \n¿-am-Ww ]p-tcm-K-Xn-bn-em-Wv. tem-I-a-dn-bp-∂ im-kv-{X-⁄≥, hn-Zym-`ymk-km-aq-ly {]-h¿-Ø-I≥, a-X-ë-‡≥, kº-∂≥, A-tß-b-‰w Xym-Kn-h-cy≥, A-hnhm-ln-X≥, A-Xo-h hn-\-bm-\zn-X≥ Xp-Sßn H-‰-t\m-´-Øn-te hn-cp-≤ tIm-Wp-Ifn-ep-≈ a-g-hn¬ `m-h-߃ k-tΩ-fn-® ⁄m-\-hr-≤≥. I-cp-Wm-a-b-\m-b A-√mlp-hn-s‚ A-Sn-a-Iƒ hn-\-bm-\zn-X-cm-bn`qan-bn¬ k-©-cn-°p-∂-h-cpw A-hn-th-In-Itfm-Sv k-am-[m-\-]q¿-hw {]-Xn-I-cn-°p-∂- h-cp-am-Ip-∂p.(A¬-^p¿-Jm≥ 63). A-√mlp-hn-s‚ b-Ym¿-∞ A-Sn-a-I-fp-sS hn-tij-W-am-bn hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]-cn-N-b-s∏- Sp-Øn-b Xn-cp-h-N-\-Øn-\p I¨-ap-ºn¬ I-gn-™p I-S-∂p-t]m-b ]m-I-am-b an-I-® D-Zm-l-c-Ww. kz-¥w k-º-Øv hy-‡n-]- c-am-b B-Uw-_-c-Øn-\m-bn sN-e-h-gn-°p- ∂-Xn-\p-]-I-cw, A-h¿ A-dn-hn-s‚-bpw t£-a-Øn-s‚-bpw {]-Nm-c-W-Øn-\m-bn \o-°n-h-®p. Zn-\w{]-Xn ]-≈n-Øn-Æ-bn¬ D-d-°-ap-W-cp-∂ B h-en-b a-\p-jy-\v C-kv-em-an-s‚ kp-K-‘w H-cp a-Zv-d-kbn¬ ]Tn-®n-´n-s√-¶n-epw A-\p-`-h-߃ ]-I¿-∂v \¬- In-bn-´p-≠v. ]-t£, A-Xv Po-hn-X bm-{X-bn¬ tN¿-Øp ]n-Sn-®-t∏mƒ hn-π-h-ß-fm-Wv \mw I-≠-Xv. H-cn-°¬ _w-Kmƒ k¿-°m-dn-\v Io-gn¬ hn-fn-®p tN¿-Ø ssat\m-dn-‰n tIm¨-^-d≥-kn¬ ap-kv-enw ]-£-sØ {]- Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-®-Xv tUm. ap≥-In¿ lp-ssk≥ km-ln-_mWv. tbm-K-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ Pp-ap-A-°v hm-¶v hn-fn-®-t∏mƒ ap-Jy-a-{¥n F-Øm-\n-cn-°p-∂ B th-f-bn¬ ]-≈n-bn¬ t]m-bn {]m¿-∞-\ I-gn-™v B-Àm-Z-Øn¬ Xn-cn-s®- Øn-b-Xm-Wv k-Z- v I-≠-Xv. F-\n-°v Pp-ap-A e`n-®ncn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v A-Sp-Øp-≈-h-tcm-Sv k-t¥m-jw ]-d-bmXn-cn-°m-\pw A-t±-l-Øn-\m-bn-√. X-s‚ D-Ωm-°v a-lv-d-ap-I-fm-b-h¿ C-s√-¶n-epw Bip-]-{Xn-bn¬ Nn-In-’ C-kv-em-an-I-am-bn e`n-°-W-sa- ∂ tam-l-Øn-em-Wv kv-{Xo-Iƒ am-{Xw tPm-en sN-øp- ∂ B-ip-]-{Xn A-t±-lw tam-ln-®-Xv. km-l-N-cyw AXn-\-\p-Iq-e-a-s√-¶n-epw hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚-bpw kq-£-aX-bp-sS-bpw ëm-h-ß-fm-Wv A-Xv \-ap-°v ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂ Xv. kz-¥-am-bn Im-cy-߃ sN-bv-Xp io-en-® A-h¿ H- ∂n-\pw a-‰p-≈-h-sc B-{i-bn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ {i-an-®p. X-s‚ ho-Sv a¨-I-´-bn¬ X-s∂ \n-e-\n¿-Øn-b-t∏m-gpw Np-‰p-ap-≈-h ]-°m-tam-U¬ ho-Sp-I-fm-°n ]p-\¿-\n¿- an-®p. km-[m-c-W-°m¿-°n-S-bn¬ km-[m-c-W-°m-c-\mbn Po-hn-®p-Xo¿-Ø B Po-hn-Xw F-s¥m-s°-bm-Wv \-tΩm-Sv ]-d-™-Xv? A-√m-lp-hn-s‚ k-hn-[-Øn¬ \mw I-S-∂p-t]m-b k-a-b-ß-sf Ip-dn-®v tNm-Zyw sN-ø-s∏- Sp-I X-s∂ sN-øpw. Jp¿-B-\n-I kq-‡-ß-fpw {]-hmN-I h-N-\-ß-fpw A-Xn-\p sX-fn-hm-Wv. kv-am¿-´v t^m¨ D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-´n-√m-Ø A-t±-lw t^m¨ \- º-dp-Iƒ tk-hv sN-bv-Xp h-®n-cp-∂-Xv a-\- n-em-bn-cp- ∂p. B-cp hn-fn-®m-epw t]-cp hn-fn-®v A-`n-kw-t_m-Z-\ sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂ A-h¿ H-cp hn-kv-a-b-am-Wv. im-kv-{X tem-I-Øv \n-d km-∂n-[y-am-bn-cp-∂ H-cmƒ C-ß-s\-bm-bn Xo¿-∂-Xv, hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚ Zr-V-X sIm- ≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. 2025 s^-{_p-h-cn A-©n-\v cm-{Xn, Imew a-s‰m-cp kp-h¿-W A-[ym-bw A-h-km-\n-∏n-®-t∏mƒ, tUm. ap≥-In¿ lp-ssk≥ km-ln-_v X-s‚ hn-Zym¿- ∞n-Iƒ-°pw A`yp-Z-b-Imw-£n-Iƒ-°pw A-dn-hn-s‚ hnizm-kw ssI-am-dn, F-s∂-t∂-°p-am-bn A-kv-Xn-Xz-Øns‚ Xm-gv-h-c-bn-te-°v I-S-∂p-sN-∂p. F-´m-bn-c-tØmfw B-fp-Iƒ B P-\m-k-°v th-≠n H-cp-an-®p Iq-Sn. \n-c-¥-c-am-b {]m¿-∞-\-Iƒ-°v C-¥y km-£yw h-ln- ®p. Im-c-Ww, A-h-cp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃-°v kw-ÿm- \-Øn-s‚-tbm cm-Py-Øn-s‚-tbm A-Xn¿-h-c-ºp-I-fn-√mbn-cp-∂p. \m-sf kz¿-K-Øn¬ A-h-tcm-Sv Iq-sS \m-Y≥ H-cp-an-®p Iq-´n A-\p-{K-ln-°-s´.... tUm. ap≥-In¿ lp-ss ≥km-_v

40 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 k-a-c-am-Wv \mw D-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv. Kh¨-sa‚ v B-^o-kp-Iƒ sIm-≈-bSn-°-cp-Xv. K-h¨-a‚n-s\-Xn-sc bp-≤- Øn-s\m-cp-ßn-bm¬ \mw Ip-‰-°m-cmbn-Øo-cpw.. km-am-[m-\-]-c-am-bn ka-cw sN-øp-I.. A-Xm-Wp \-Ωp-sS e- £yw..í kmaq-ly-hn-Nmcw AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ønb sI.-Sn. APva¬ ss^kn ]m≠n-°mSv \qsdmgpInb \q‰m≠pImew/02 {]n-b-k-tlm-Z-c-ß-sf, \mw Jn-em-^-Øv {]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ B-fp-I-fm-Wv. sh-≈-°m¿ \-ΩpsS i-{Xp-°-fpw. A-h¿ C-¥y hn-´p t]m-I-Ww. A-Xp-h-sc \mw k-a-cw sN-øpw. ]-s£ \mw A-{I-aw ImWn-°-cp-Xv. A-{I-a c-ln-X-am-b H-cp ]m-ßn¬ A-lva-ZvIp-´n ap-kv-en-bm¿

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 41 Jn-em-^-Øv k-a-c-Øn-s‚ ap-∂- Wn-t∏m-cm-fn-bm-bn-cp-∂ ]mßn¬ Alva-ZvIp´n apkven-bm¿ F∂ ka-kv-X {]-kn-≠‚n-s‚ hm-°p-I-fmWn-Xv. hm-°p-Iƒ sIm-≠v k-a-c t]mcm-fn-Iƒ-°v B-th-iw hn-X-dn-b alm≥ X-s∂ k-a-cw h-gn sX-‰n-bt∏mƒ t]m-cm-fn-Iƒ-°v h-gn-Im-´n-bmbn k-©-cn-®-Xn-s‚ t\¿Nn-{X-am-Wv ap-I-fn-se h-cn-I-fn¬ Im-Wp-∂-Xv. k-a-kv-X-bp-sS cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn- \m-bn Hm-Sn \-S-∂ kzm-Xzn-I Po-hnX-Øn-s‚ t]-cm-bm-bn-cp-∂p ]m-ßn- ¬ D-kv-Xm-Zv. k-a-kv-X-bp-sS cq-]o-Ic-Ww I-gn-™v {]-kn-U‚ v ÿm-\- tØ-°v X-s‚ t]-cv \n¿-t±-in-°-s∏- ´-t∏mƒ h-c-°¬ X-ß-sf {]-knU‚m-°n H-gn-™p-am-dn-b hn-\-b-Pohn-X-Øn-s‚ t]-c-s{X ]m-ßn-¬ DkvXm-Zv. k-a-kv-X-bp-sS F-√m-am-bn-cp-∂p ]mßn¬ DkvXm-Zv. ]≈n-bn¬ InXm_v HmXn sImSpØv ]-c-temI-Nn-¥-bn¬ I-gn-™n-cp-∂ a-lm ]- fin-X-∑m-sc I¿-Ω-cw-K-tØ-°n-d- °n D-Ω-Øn-s‚ Cu-am-\n-\v I-h-Nsam-cp-°m≥ t{]-c-W \¬-In-b-Xv ]mßn-tem-cm-bn-cp-∂p. k-a-kv-X-bp-sS cq- ]o-I-c-W-hpw k-a-kv-X-sb-∂ kw-LS-\-bp-sS kw-L-Sn-X `m-h-hp-sam-s° ]m-ßn-¬ DkvXm-Zns‚ kw-`m-h-\ Xs∂.. ]-fin-Xyw sIm-≠pw {]-kw-Kw sIm-≠pw {K-Ÿ-c-N-\-Iƒ sIm-≠pw kw-L-S-\m-]m-S-hw sIm-≠p-sa-√mw tI-c-f-sØ hn-kv-a-bn-∏n-® ]-fin-Xt\-Xr-Xz-am-bn-cp-∂p ]m-ßn-ep-kv-XmsZ-∂ a-lm≥. hm-Kv hn-em-kw sIm-≠v tI-c-f- °-c Io-g-S-°n-b {]-`m-j-I¿ Iq-Sn-bmbn-cp-∂p ]m-ßn-ep-kv-Xm-Zv. kv-^p-Sam-b `m-j-I-fn¬ t{im-Xm-°ƒ-°v Dƒ-sIm-≈m≥ I-gn-bp-∂ D-]-a-I-fneq-sS hn-j-bw hn-i-Zo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂ Dkv-Xm-Zn-s‚ {]-kw-Kw tIƒ-°m≥ \m- \m Zn-°p-I-fn¬ \n-∂p-ap-≈ B-fpIƒ kw-K-an-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂- Xm-Wv N-cn-{Xw. ]-fin-X≥, ap-^v-Xn, A-[ym-]- I≥, {]`m-j-I≥, kw-Lm-S-I≥, KZy- ]-Zy km-ln-Xy-Im-c≥, cm-{„o-b {]-h¿-Ø-I≥, hn-Zym-`ym-k hn-N-£- W≥ F-∂n-ß-s\ _-lp-ap-J I-gnhp-Iƒ k-tΩ-fn-® {]-Xn`bm-bn-cp-∂p DkvXm-Zv. k-a-kv-X-bp-sS cq-]o-I-c-WØn-\m-bn B¿-÷-h-ap-≈ {]`m-jW-߃ au-em-\ \-S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Ah-bn-se Nn-e h-cn-I-fn-Xm: am-\y P-\-ß-sf k-ap-Zm-bw H-∂n- °-Ww.. ]-fin-X-∑m¿ \-bn-°-Ww... A-Xn-\m¬ kw-L-Sn-°-Ww... H-‰-s∏-´p-≈ {]-h¿-Ø-\w A-{XX-s∂ ^-ew sN-øp-I-bn-√. F-∂m¬ F-¥p-sIm-≠v D-e-am-°ƒ C-Xp-h-sc kw-L-Sn-®n-√. C-t∏mƒ am-{Xw H-cp kw-L-S-\-bp-am-bn C-d-ßn-Øn-cn-®n-cn- °p-∂p F-∂p Nn-e¿ tNm-Zn-°pw. Rm≥ tNm-Zn-°-s´ cm-{Xn hn-i-∂p-dßn-b H-cmƒ cm-hn-se h-b-‰n-se Iج Xo¿-°m≥ cm-hn-se H-∂pw Ign-®n-√. kw-K-Xn-h-im¬ D-®-bv-°v H- ∂pw I-gn-®n-√. F-∂m¬ ssh-Ip-t∂- cw e-`n-°p-∂ `-£-Ww I-gn-®pIq-sS- ∂m-tWm? t\-c-sØ F-¥p-sIm-≠v I-gn-®n-√? C-t∏mƒ am-{Xw F-¥n-\v H-cp `-£-W-sa-∂v tNm-Zn-°m-tam? k-Z- n-\pw k-Z-ky¿-°p-an-W-ßp- ∂ ]m-ßn-¬ Dkv-Xm-Zn {]-`m-j-Ww C-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ tI-c-f-Øn-se kp-∂n-k-Øn-\v th-tcm-´-ta D-≠m-Ipam-bn-cp-∂n-√.. {_n-´o-jp-Im-sc hn-d-∏n-® kzm-X- {¥y-k-a-c-tk-\m-\n-I-fn¬ H-cmƒ Iq-

42 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p ]m-ßn-¬ Dkv-Xm-sZ-∂ [o-c-]-fin-X¿. I-≈-t°-kp-≠m-°n a-lm-s\ Ip-Sp-°m≥ h-lm-_n-Iƒ Hcp-]m-Sv {i-an-®-Xn-\v N-cn-{X-Øn¬ DZm-l-c-W-߃ G-sd-bp-≠v. A-Xp-ambn _-‘-s∏-´ Nn-e D-Zm-l-c-W-߃ Xm-sg Ip-dn-°-s´! H-cn-°¬ Xn-cq-c-ßm-Sn-bn¬ {]- kw-Kn-°m≥ F-Øn-b ]m-ßn¬ D-kvXm-Zn-s\ I-e-Œ-dp-sS t\-Xr-Ø-Xn¬ H-cp kw-Lw h-f-™p. hn-h-cw A-dn- ™ P-\-߃ H-cp-an-®p Iq-Sn. Im-cWw Xn-c-°n-b A-h-tcm-Sv I-e-Œ¿ ]- d-™ a-dp-]-Sn sR-´n-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bncp-∂p. ]m-ßn¬ F.]n A-lva-Zv Iphn-fn-®v A-t\z-jn-®-t∏mƒ tI-´-Xv as‰m-cp I-Y-bm-bn-cp-∂p. a-ºp-dw a-Jman-te-°v kn-bm-d-Øv t]m-Im-\p-≈ ku-I-cy-Øn-\v a-ºp-dw ]p-g-°v H-cp ]m-ew \n¿-an-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ l-c-Pnbn-em-Wv R-߃ H-∏n-´-sX-∂pw A- √m-sX R-ß-fp-sS t\-Xm-hm-b ]mßn¬ D-kv-Xm-Zn-s\-Xn-sc tIkv FSp-°p-∂-Xn-\-s√-∂pw R-߃-°-Xv Po-h≥ t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-\v Xp-ey-am-sWam-cp-∂p A-h-cp-sS a-dp-]-Sn. N-Xna- \-kn-em-°n-b I-e-Œ¿ DkvXm-Zns\ hn-´-b-®p. DkvXm-Zns\ A-d-Ãv sNøp-∂-Xv Im-Wm≥ Bƒ-Iq-´-Øn¬ \n-g-™v I-b-dn-b h-lm-_n-I-fm-h-s´ A`y¿-∞-\ am-\n-®v Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv {]-kwKn-t°-≠-Xv ssi-Jp-\ t\- c-sØ X-s∂ F-gp-Xn X-øm-dm-°n-bncp-∂p. a-X-ku-lm¿-Zw, `u-Xn-I hn-Zybp-sS B-h-iy-I-X, a-Xhn-Zym-`ym-kw \n¿-_-‘-am-Wv,ë`-c-Wm-[n-I-tfm-Sv s]- cp-am-td-≠ co-Xn-I-fpw \n-b-a kw-L-S- \-Øn-s‚ `-hn-jy-Øp-I-fpw F-∂n-h Dƒ-sIm-≈p-∂-Xm-bp-cp-∂p F-gp-Xn Xøm-dm-°n {]-kv-Xp-X {]-kw-Kw. A-ß-s\ Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-sØØn-b D-kv-Xm-Zn-s\ F-Xn-tc-‰-Xv Hcp Iq-´w t]m-eo-km-bn-cp-∂p.í\n-ßsf A-d-Ãv sN-bv-Xv ho-´p X-S-¶n¬ sh-°m≥ D-Ø-cp-hp-≠v. Z-b-hv sNbv-Xv k-l-I-cn-°-Ww. A-ß-s\ Dkv-Xm-Zn-s\ ho-´pX-S-¶-en¬ C-´p. B¿-°pw sN-∂p-Im-Wm-t\m ]p-d-Øv t]m-Im-t\m I-gn-bn-√. F-√m k-a-bhpw t]m-eo-kv Im-h¬. \n-b-aw ew-Ln-®v k-tΩ-f-\w \- S-Øm≥ h-∂-Xm-sW-∂v Im-Wn-®v ta¬-]-d-™ ]-Xn-\m-dv h-lm-_n-Iƒ sIm-Sp-Ø ]-cm-Xn-bp-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\- Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p A-d-Ãv. F-∂m¬ kw-Lm-S-I-\m-b C_vdm-low km-ln- _v \n-cm-i-\m-bn-√.. A-t±-lw C-h¿ \¬-In-b ]-cmXn tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ hn-Nm-c-W sh-∏n- ®p. ]m-ßn¬ D-kv-Xm-Zn-s‚ sk-{I-´- dn-bm-b am-ap-t°m-b km-ln-_v tImS-Xn-bn¬ lm-P-dm-bn. {]m-Y-an-I hnNm-c-W-°v ti-jw h-√-Xpw t_m-[n- ∏n-°m-\p-t≠m F-∂ tIm-S-Xn-bp-sS tNm-Zy-Øn-\v am-ap-t°m-b km-ln-_v t\-c-sØ X-øm-dn-°n-s°m-≠v h-∂ {]-kw-K-Øn-s‚ tIm-∏n \¬-Ip-I-bmWv sN-bv-X-Xv. C-Xv C-hn-sS {]-kw-Kn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-°n-s°m-≠p-h-∂ {]-kw-K-amWv. C-Xv hm-bn-®v t\m-°-Ww. F-∂- t±-lw tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ ]-d-™p. C-sX- √mw A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv Cw-•o-jn-em-bncp-∂p. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ A-t]-£ kzo-Icn-®v tIm-S-Xn A-Xv hm-bn-®p. ]-cmXn-bn¬ bm-sXm-cp I-b-ºp-an-s√-∂v t_m-[y-s∏-´p. A-ß-s\ ssi-Jp-\- sb hn-´-b-°m≥ tIm-S-Xn D-Ø-c-hn- ´p-sh-∂v am-{X-a-√ ]-cn-]m-Sn-°v th- ´n ap-kv-en-bm¿ a-e-_m¿ e-l-f-°v t\-Xr-Xzw sIm-Sp-Ø B-fm-sW-∂pw ho-≠pw A-Xn-\p-≈ Kq-V {i-a-߃ \-S-Øp-∂p-sh-∂pw A-Xn-\m-bn H-cp kw-L-S-\ cq-]o-I-cn-®n-´p-s≠-∂pw C- \n-bpw C-t±-l-sØ sh-dp-sX hn-´m¬ H-cp ap-kv-enw-˛ln-µp e-l-f D-≠mIm≥ Im-c-Wm-am-tb-°p-sa-∂pw AXn-\m¬ A-t±-l-sØ A-d-Ãv sN-bvXv Pn-√ am-‰n hn-Sm≥ Xn-cq-c-ßm-Snbn-se H-cp-]m-Sv B-fp-Iƒ H-∏n-´ s]- ‰o-j-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ A-t\zjn-°m≥ h-∂-Xm-sW-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p I-e-Œ¿ ]-d-™-Xv. H-∏n-´ B-fp-I-sf C-fn-`y-cpw. a-s‰m-cpH-cp kw-`-hw Iq-Sn hn-hcn-°-s´, Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øv A-`yÿ hn-Zy-cm-b ]-Xn-\m-dv h-lm-_nI-fp-sS t\-{X-Xz-Ø-Xn¬ _n-Zv-A-Øv h-f¿-Øn-b-tXm-sS P-\-߃-°v kXyw a-\-kn-em-°n sIm-Sp-°m≥ \m- ´n-se kp-∂n t\-Xm-hm-b C-_v-dmlow km-ln-_v ]m-ßn¬ D-kv-Xm-Zns‚ t\-{X-Xz-Øn¬ H-cp k-tΩ-f-\w \-S-Øm≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-®p. ]-cn-]m-Sn-bnte-°v ssi-Jp-\-sb £-Wn-°-s∏-´p. ]m-ßn¬ D-kv-Xm-Zn-s‚ sk-{I-´-dn-bmbn-cp-∂ am-ap-t°m-b kzm-ln-_n-s‚ ]mßn¬ AlvaZv Ip´n apkven-bm-cpsS aJv_d

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 43 ≠ kp-c-£ \¬-Ip-I-bpw ]-cm-Xn- °m-sc ]-cn-]m-Sn I-gn-bpw h-sc A-dÃv sN-øp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. k-tΩ-f- \w N-cn-{X hn-P-b-am-bn am-dn-b-tXmsS h-lm-_n-Iƒ C-fn-`y-cm-bn-sb-∂v {]-tXy-Iw ]-d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. H-cp Im-e-Øv \n-c-¥-c Im-gv-®-bmbn-cp-∂ hm-Z{]-Xn-hm-Z th-Zn-I-fn¬ ssi-Jp-\-sb sh-√m≥ ]-‰n-b H-cp ]-fin-X-\pw A-°m-e-Øv D-≠m-bncp-∂n-√.. H-cn-°¬ sF-Iykw-L-Øn-s‚ Io-gn¬ bq-kp-^v Cu-kp-±o≥ F-∂ hy-‡n tIm-gn-t°m-Sv {]-`m-j-Ww \- S-Øn. km-[-c-W-°m-sc c-kn-∏n-°p- ∂-Xpw ]-fin-X≥-am-sc X-cw Xm-gvØp-∂-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p A-bm-fp-sS {]`m-j-Ww. {]-kv-Xp-X {]-kw-K-Øns\-Xn-sc ]m-ßn-¬ DkvXmZv cw-K-Øv h-∂p. Cu-kp-±o≥ {]-kw-Kn-® F-√m ÿ-e-ß-fn-epw sN-∂v ssi-Jp-\ {]- `m-j-Ww \-S-Øn. B-fp-Iƒ-°v kXyw a-\- n-em-°n sIm-Sp-Øp. D-ΩØn-s‚ Cu-am-\n-\v ssi-Jp-\ I-hN-sam-cp-°n.. ln-Pv-d 1305-i-∆m¬ 11-\v {]-ap-J kz-lm-_n-h-cy≥ ap-l-Ω-Zp _n≥ amen-°p-_n≥ l-_o-_n¬ A≥-kzmcn(d)hns‚ k-¥m-\ ]-c-º-c-bn¬-s∏- ´ \q-dp-±o≥ F-∂-h-cp-sS ]-{X-\m-bn a-e-∏p-dw Pn-√-bn-se Ip-dp-h ]-©mb-Øn-se ]m-ßv {]-tZ-i-Øm-Wv ssi-Jp-\-bp-sS P-\-\w. ]-tg-S-Øv htbm-´n¬ t]m-°p-lm-Pn-bp-sS ]p-{Xn Xn-Øp-hm-Wv am-Xm-hv. A-t±-l-Øn-s‚ ]n-Xm-a-l≥ IΩp-sam-√ F-∂ t]-cn¬ A-dn-b-s∏- ´n-cp-∂ ap-l-Ω-Zv A-–p¬-_m-cn aºp-dw X-d-Ω¬ F-∂ ÿ-e-Øp \n- ∂pw ]m-ßn-se B-dw-tIm-Sv F-∂ ÿ-e-tØ-°v Xm-a-kw am-dn-b-Xn-\v ti-j-am-Wv ]m-ßn¬ D-kv-Xm-Zv F- ∂ \m-a-Øn¬ {]-kn-≤-\m-Ip-∂-Xv. \-∑-bp-sS D-d-hn-S-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂ aXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS in-£-W-Øn¬ hf¿-∂ ssi-Jp-\ G-gmw h-b- n¬ Xs∂ Jp¿-B≥ ]T-\w ]q¿-Øn-bm- °n. ]-Xn-\m-ep-h-b- -h-sc ]m-ßn¬ X-s∂ ]T-\w Xp-S¿-∂ ssi-Jp-\ ]ntIm-tf-Pn¬ ssi-Jp-\bpsS {]-[m- \ Kp-cp-h-cy-∑m¿. A-¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ _p-≤ i- ‡n-°pw {h-‡n-Xz-Øn-\pw D-S-a-bmbn-cp-∂ ssi-Jp-\ ]-fin-X-∑m-cp-tSbpw k-[m-c-W-°m-cp-tS-bpw B-im tI-{µ-am-bn-cp-∂p.. a-e-_m¿ k-a-cw \-S-°p-∂ Ime-Øv am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ \-„-s∏-´ Ip- ™p-ß-sf kw-c-£n-°m≥ b-XowJm-\-bpw \n¿-an-® ssi-Jp-\-bn¬ km-l-N-cym-\p-kr-X-am-bn {]-h¿- Øn-°p-∂ ]-fin-X-s‚ F-√m Kp-Wta-∑-I-fpw H-Øn-W-ßn-bn-cp-∂p.. k¿h-a-\p-jy-tcm-Spw kv-t\-l cqt]-W C-S-]-g-Im-\pw am¿-K-\n¿-t±-i- ∂o-Sv A-enøp-Øq-cn, I-cn-º-\-°¬ A-lvaZv ap-kv-en-b¿, Im-∏m-Sv ap-lΩ-Zv ap-kv-en-bm¿ Xp-S-ßn-b a-lm-∑mcn¬ \n-∂pw hn-Zy\p-I¿-∂p. X-s‚ _m-Jn-bm-Øn-se D-]-cn-]T-\-Im-eØv _m-Jn-bm-Øp-kzm-en-lm-Øn-s‚ ÿm-]-I-\m-b im-lv A-_-Zp¬ hlm-_v l-fv-d-Øv, A-_-Zp¬ Jm-Zn¿, im-lv _m-Zp-jm A-–p¬ P-∫m¿ _- kv-d-Øv Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cp-sS in-jy-Xzhpw kzo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.. ^m-cn-kn-Jm≥ F-∂ \m-a-Øn¬ {]-kn-±-\m-b ap-l-Ω-Zv l-ssk≥- Jm≥, A-–p-d-lnw l-kv-d-Øv F- ∂nh-cm-bn-∂p sh-√q¿ e-Xzo-^n-b ߃ \¬-Im-\pw ssi-Jp-\ tbm-fw I-gn-hp-f-f-h¿ hn-c-fw X-s∂.. kp-∂-Øv P-am-A-Øn-s‚ h-f¿- ®-°v ]m-ßn¬ D-kv-Xm-Zv A¿-∏n-® tk-h-\w A-hn-kv-a-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. _mJ-hn _n-cp-Z-sa-Sp-Ø ti-jw ]m-ßv Pp-am a-kv-Pn-Zv, a-Æm¿-°m-Sv a-Av-Z- \p¬ D-eqw Z¿-kv, Xm-\q¿ C-kv-emlp¬ D-eqw Z¿-kv F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-se 32 h¿-jw \o-≠p\n-∂ ssi-Jp-\-bpsS A-[ym-]-\ Im-e-L-´w \n-c-h-[n \n¿-Wm-b-I kw`h-߃-°v km- £yw h-ln-®n-´p-≠v. {]-K-¤m-cm-b ]- e in-jy-∑m-cpw ssi-Jp-\-°p-≠v. Xmsg-t°m-Sv Ip-™-e-hn ap-kv-en-bm¿, k-a-kv-X-bp-sS F-√m-am-bn-cp-∂p ]m-ßn-tem¿. k-a-kv-X-bp-sS cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-\m-bn Hm-Sn \-S-∂ kzm-Xzn-I Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ t]-cm-bm-bn-cp-∂p ]m-ßn-¬ D-kv-Xm-Zv. k-a-kv-X-bp-sS cq-]o-I-c-Ww I-gn-™v {]-kn-U‚v ÿm-\-tØ-°v X-s‚ t]-cv \n¿-t±-in-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ h-c-°¬ X-ß-sf {]-kn-U‚m-°n H-gn-™p-am-dn-b hn-\-b-Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚ t]-c-s{X ]m-ßn-¬ AlvaZv Ip´n apkven-bm¿...

44 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 Im-∏m-Sv Ip-™-l-Ω-Zv ap-kv-en-bm¿, C-cp-ºpemt»-cn Ip-™-l-Ω-Zv ap-kven-bm¿, A-–p¬ Jm-Z¿ ^-fv-^-cn, I-cn-¶-∏m-d ap-l-Ω-Zv ap-kv-en-bm¿, \nd-a-cp-Xq¿ _o-cm≥ Ip-´n ap-kv-en-bm¿, sh-≈n-bm-ºp-dw ssk-Z-e-hn ap-kv-enbm¿, Hm-a-®-∏p-g A-_q-_-°¿ Ip-´n ap-kv-en-bm¿ F-∂n-h-scm-s° A-hcn¬ {]-ap-J-cm-Wv. lnPvd 670 ¬ Xm-\q-cn-se h-enb Ip-f-ß-c ]-≈n-bn¬ ssi-Jv apl-Ω-Zv _n≥ A-–p-√m-ln¬ l-fv-dan-bn¬\n-∂v Xp-S-ßn D-a¿ Jm-fn, Huhp-t°m-b ap-kv-en-bm¿, ssi-Jv A- –p-d-lvam≥ \-Jv-i-_-µn, bq-kp- ^p¬ ^-fv-^-cn, B-an-\p-Ωm‚-I-Øv s‚ {]-Y-a {]≥-kn-∏¬ ssi-Jp-\ X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A-∂v A-hn-sS 250-te-sd hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp- ∂p-sh-s{X! ]n-Xm-hv Po-hn-®n-cp-∂ Im-e-Øv ]n-Xm-hv k-∂n-ln-X-\mhp-∂ Pp-ap-AP-am-A-Øp-I-fp-sS k-a-b-Øv ]n-Xmhn-t\mSp-≈ B-Z-c-hv Im-c-Ww ]mßn¬ D-kv-Xm-Zv A-Iw]≈n-bn¬ {]- th-in-®n-cp-∂n-√. F-s¥-¶n-epw h-kvXp hm-ßp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ B-Zyw Imiv sIm-Sp-°¬ D-kv-XmZn-s‚ ]-Xn-hmbn-cp-∂p. ]m-ßn¬ \n-∂pw a-e-∏p-dw h-gn tIm-gn-t°m-t´-°v Im¬-\-S-bmbn bm-{X sN-bv-Xm-Wv ]-e-t∏m-gpw ap-im-h-d tbm-K-Øn-\v F-Øn-bn-cp-∂- Jv ^o _-bm-\n¬ A-Jv-hm-en h¬ Hu-Pp-ln h-Øp-dp-Jv, lm-in-b Aem ap-J-±n-a-Xn Xp-lv-^-Xn¬ ap-lv-XmPv en C-_v-\n l-P¿, \-lv-Pp¬ Jhow en-a≥ bp-J-√n-Zp ^n¬ Pp-ap-AXn an-\-»m-^n-C-ø-Øn A¬ Ju-e¬ J-Zow F-∂n-h-bm-Wv {]-kv-Xp-X {KŸ-߃. A-tXm-sSm-∏w X-s∂ A¬-_-bm- \p »m-^n ^o C¬-an¬ ^-dq-fn h¬ J-hm-^o, X≥-Jo-ln¬ a≥-Xn-Jn ^o i-d-ln X-kv-co-ln¬ a≥-X-Jn, \-Pvap A-em-Jm-Xn¬ a-Pm-kn¬ ap¿- k¬, C-_v-dm-kp¬ ap-lva¬, C-kme-Øp¬ Jp-d-^m-Xv, C-kml-a-Xn¬ lw-k Xp-S-ßn C-cp-]-Øn aq-∂n-tesd Ir-Xn-Iƒ ssi-Jp-\-bp-sS-Xm-bp- ≠v. A-h-bn¬ Nn-e-sX-√mw Cu-Pn- ]v-Xn-se ssI-tdm-hn-em-Wv ti-J-cn- °-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv. ]p-Ø≥ hm-Zn-I-fp-sS t]-Sn-kz-]v- \-am-bn-cp-∂p ]m-ßn¬ A-“-Zv Ip-´n apkven-bm¿. H-cp i-{Xp-hn-\v ap-ºnepw X-e-Ip-\n-°m-sX kp-∂n-Iƒ-°v A-Sn-Ø-d ]m-In-Ø-∂ t\-Xm-hm-Wv ]m-ßn¬ D-kv-Xm-Zv. k-a-kv-X-bp-sS Hu-tZy-Kn-I ]-{X-am-bn kz-¥w ]-{Xm- [n-]-Xz-Øn¬ A¬ _-bm≥ am-knI {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®v ssi-Jp-\ kp-∂- Øv P-am-A-Øn-\v i-‡n ]-I¿-∂psh-∂-Xm-Wv N-cn-{Xw.. 59 h¿-j-°m-e-sØ lr-kz-am-b Po-h-X Im-e-b-f-hv sIm-≠v \q-‰m-≠pIƒ sIm-≠v sN-bv-Xv Xo¿-t°-≠ I¿-a-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ \n¿-∆-ln-® B al¬ Po-hn-Xw ]-S-∂-bn¬ Z¿-kv \- S-Øn sIm-≠n-cn-s° \m-´n-te-°p-≈ bm-{X-bn-em-Wv tcm-K_-[n-X-\m-Ip- ∂-Xv.. ]m-ßn¬ Pp-am-a-kv-Pn-Zn-\p k-ao- ]-am-Wv A-¥y-hn-{i-aw. ]m°-∏p-d-Øv sIm-t‰m-Øv ho-´n¬ ssk-Xm-en lmPn bp-sS a-Iƒ J-Zo-P-bm-Wv B-Zy `m-cy. {]-ap-J ]-fin-X-\m-b au-ehn ap-l-Ω-Zv _m-J-hn F-∂ _m-∏p C-h-cn¬ P-\n-® a-I-\m-Wv. h-√-∏p-g _o-cm≥ Ip-´n ap-kv-en-bm-cp-sS a-Iƒ ^m-Xzn-a a-s‰m-cp `m-cy-bm-Wv. ]n-∂oSv s]m-∂m-\n-bn¬ \n-∂pw H-cp hnhm-lw Iq-Sn sN-bv-Xp. ]-co-°p-´n ap-kven-bm¿ Xp-S-ßn-b-hcn-eq-sS h-f¿-∂v hn-I-kn-® Xm-\q-cns‚ {]u-V-am-b ssh-⁄m-\n-I ]mc-º-cy-Øn-\v Im-en-I-am-b hn-Im-kw {]-Zm-\w sN-bv-X apt∂‰ \m-b-I-cmbn-cp-∂p ssi-Jp-\. C-kvem-lp¬ Deqw ÿm-]n-®v ]p-Xn-b hn-Zy-`ym-k hn-π-h-Øn-\v ssi-Jp-\ \m-µn-°p-dn- °p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xm-\q¿- h-en-b-Ip-f-ß-c ]-≈n-bnse Z¿-kv D-∂-X I-em-e-b-am-°n am- ‰p-∂-Xn¬ h-en-b ]-¶v h-ln-® ssiJp-\-bn¬ an-I-s®m-cp hn-Zym`ym-k {]-h¿-Ø-I-sc Im-Wmw. C-kvem-lnXv. k-a-kvX sI-´n-∏-Sp-°m≥ {]`mj-W-Øn-eq-sS-bpw Xq-en-I-bn-eq-sSbpw a-lm≥ k-a¿-∏n-® Xym-K-߃ \n-kv-Xp-e-am-Wv. 1926 ap-X¬ 32 hsc k-a-kv-X ssh-kv {]-kn-U‚ v, 32 ap-X¬ 45 h-sc {]-kn-U‚m-bpw tkh-\-a-\p-jv-Sn-®p. I¿aim-kv-{X-Øn¬ A-Km-[ ]mfin-Xy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ ssi-Jp-\ hnhn-[ B-h-iy-߃-°m-bn I¿-Ω-imkv-{X-Øn¬ A-©p {K-Ÿ-ß-fm-Wv c-Nn-®-Xv. Xp-lv-^-Xp¬ A-lv-_m-_v A¬ Ju-ep- -Zo-Zv ^o A-lv-Im-anØ-Jv-eo-Zv, A¬ Ju-ep¬ ap-Ø-k-

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 45 Rm≥ H-cp h-gp-X-\-ß-tbm-fw h-ep-Xm-b-t{X. G-gmam-k-sØ kv-Im-\nw-Kv t\m-°n tUm-Œ¿ ]-d-bp-∂-Xv tI- ´v D-∏-bp-sS-bpw D-Ω-bp-sS-bpw k-t¥m-j-hpw Iu-Xp-Ihpw Rm≥ A-dn-bp-∂p-≠v. k-t¥m-j-an-√m-Xn-cn-°p-tam? A-h-cp-sS B-Zy-sØ I-¨a-Wn-bm-Wv Rm≥. A-Xp-sIm- ≠v X-s∂ F-√m-cpw \-√ B-Imw-£-bn-em-Wv. D-Ωm-s\ t\m-°p-∂ Im-cy-Øn¬ X-√m-Wv. B-dp-am-kw F-{X-s]-s´-∂ I-gn-™-Xv. C-\n G-gmam-k-Øn¬ D-Ωm-s‚ ho-´n-tem-´v t]m-Ip-∂ H-cp N-S-ßp- ≠v. F-√m-h-cpw A-Xn-s‚ H-cp-°-Øn-em-Wv. F-\n-s°- t¥m A-kz-ÿ-X tXm-∂p-∂p. D-Ω-°pw A-Xv a-\- nem-sb-∂p tXm-∂p-∂p. D-Ω am-an-tbm-Sv ]-d-bp-∂-Xv tI- ´p, Ip-´n A-\-ßp-∂n-√ F-s∂m-s°. i-cn-bm-Wv, A-t∏mtg-°pw Rm≥ X-f¿-∂n-cp-∂p. A-t∏mƒ am-an D-Ωm-s‚ ho¿-Ø-h-b-dn¬ ssI-øpw X-e-bpw tN¿-Øv A-\-°-sams° {i-≤n-°p-∂p-≠v. ti-jw, Ip-d-®p Nq-Sp-sh-≈w IpSn-°m-s\m-s° ]-d-bp-∂p. A-h¿ I-cp-Xn-°m-Wpw Rm≥ F-t∏m-g-sØ-bpw t]m-se A-h-sc ]-‰n-°p-I-bm-sW-∂v. D-Ω Ip-Sn-® Nq-Sp-sh-≈w F-s∂ H-∂v sN-dp-Xm-sb-¶nepw A-\-°n F-∂v tXm-∂p-∂p. A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Ip-a-t√m D-Ω A-∂v [r-Xn-]n-Sn-®p tlm-kv-]n-‰-en¬ H-∂pw t]mIm-sX t\-cw sh-fp-∏n-®-Xpw. ]n-t‰-∂v D-Ωm-s\ Iq-´n-sIm-≠pt]m-Im≥ h-en-bp-∏- sbm-s° h-∂n-cp-∂p. F-√m-h-cpw \-√ k-t¥m-j-Ønem-Wv. A-t∏m-gpw D-Ωm-Iv sS≥-j≥ am-dn-bn-´n-√ F-∂v ap-Jw I-≠n-´v tXm-∂p∂p-. B sS≥-j≥ X-s∂-bm-bn-cp- ∂p D-Ωm-s\ A-∂v ssh-Io-´v tlm-kv-]n-‰-en¬ F-Øn- ®-Xpw. D-Ωm-s\ t\m-°n-b tUm-Œ¿ ]-d-™p Xo-cpw ap≥- ]v X-s∂ D-Ω-bp-sS Np-≠v hn-Xp-ºn-bn-cp-∂p. F-\n-°v anSn-∏n-s√-s{X. Hm-∏-td-j≥ sN-øm-sX {]-k-hn-°-Ww F- ∂m tUm-Œ¿ ]-d-™-Xv. Rm≥ F-¥v ]-d-™p B-izkn-∏n-°pw F‚p-Ωm-s\? D-Ωm-s‚ B A-h-ÿ I-≠p Rm≥ h-√m-Xm-bn. F-\n-°v th-≠n J-_¿ Ip-gn-°m-s\ms° A-t∏m-tg-°pw B-sc-√m-tam \n¿-t±-in-°p-∂p-≠v. A-Xn-\p Rm≥ ]p-d-tØm-´ph-c-t≠? ]m-hw D-Ω cm-hnse Xp-S-ßn-b I-„-∏m-Sm-Wv. cm-{Xn-tbm-sS F-s∂ {]-k-hn-®p. Rm≥ F-s‚ DΩm-s\ I-≠p. I-Æ-S-®m-sW-¶n-epw I-hn-fn-eq-sS I-Æp- \o-scm-en-°p-∂p-≠v. F-s‚ D-Ω `b-¶-c kv-t{Sm-ßv BWv. A-√m-sX C-{X I-„-s∏-´v Po-h-\n-√m-Ø F-s∂ {]- k-hn-°p-tam?. h-en-bp-Ωbp-sS I-øn¬ In-S-∂m-Wv Rm≥ F-s‚ ho-´n-tem-´v s]m-cp-t∂. F-s∂ F-Sp-Øp sIm- ©n-t°-≠ ssI-I-fm-Wv. A-Xv hn-d-°p-∂p-t≠m? D-≠v F-\n-°v tXm-∂n-b-Xv H-∂p-a-√. F-s∂ Im-Wm≥ B-fpI-sfm-s° Iq-Sn-bn-´p-≠v. C-\n C-h¿-s°-t∂m-Sv tZ-jyw Im-tWm? sIm-Xn-∏n-®p I-S-∂pI-f-™-Xn-\v G-bv, D-≠mIn-√. Rm≥ a-\-∏q¿-hw A-√-t√m. H-cp tS-_n-fn¬ sh-® F-s∂ C-Øm-Ø-am-cpw C-°m-°-am-cpw H-s° h-∂v FØn-t\m-°p-∂p-≠v. B-scm-s°-tbm ]-d-bp-∂-Xpw tI- ´p H-cp kp-µ-cn-sIm®m-Wv Rm-s\-∂v. Np-s≠m-s° Np-h- ∂ H-cp kpaJn. B-tcm F-s‚ H-cp t^m-t´m-bpw F-SpØp. D-Ωm-°v Im-Wn-®p sIm-Sp-°m-\m-Ipw, C-Xm-Sn \ns‚ kp-µ-cn-tIm-X F-∂v ]-d-™n-´v. D-∏ F-s∂ tIm-cnsb-Sp-Øp Im-dn-s‚ {^‚ v ko-‰n¬ I-b-dn C-cp-∂p a-Snbn¬ sh-®p. ]p-d-Øps]-øp-∂ a-g-Im-c-Ww Im-dn-s‚ •mkv Xm-gv-Øn-bn-s´m-∂p-an-√. F-∂m-epw F-s‚-ta¬ sX-dn- °p-∂ B Np-Sp-\o-cn-s‚ D-d-hn-Sw A-t\z-jn-®p Rm≥ D-∏- bp-sS ap-J-tØm-s´m-∂v kq-£n-®p t\m-°n. A-hn-sS I-sÆm-s° I-e-ßn A-Sp-Ø-Xv F-s‚ Dug-sa-∂ \n-e-°v H-cp Xp-≈n I-Æp-\o¿ D-∏-bp-sS Xm-Snbn¬ Xq-ßn-°n-S-°p-∂p. F-s‚ D-s≈m-∂p ]n-S-™p. ]-≈n-bn-se-Øn D-∏-bp-sS am-dn-s‚ Nq-tSm-Sv ]-‰n-In-S-°ptºmƒ F-\n-°v th-≠n-bp-≈ J-_¿ Rm≥ I-≠p. a-gsh-≈w ho-gm-Xn-cn-°m≥ th-≠n Xm¿-∏m-b H-s° sI-´n a-d-®n-cn-°p-∂p A-Xv. F-s‚ D-ΩbpsSbpw D-∏bpsS-bpw \-Sp-hn¬ In-S-t°-≠ Rm≥ Cu c-≠p a¨-Np-h-cp-I-fpsS \-Sp-hn¬. B-tem-Nn-°m≥ X-s∂ I-gn-bp-∂n-√. A-hkm-\-am-bn F-√m-h-cpw aq-∂p-]n-Sn a-Æv F-s‚ ta-te-°nSp-tºmƒ I-Æp-Iƒ D-∏m-°v th-≠n ]-c-Xn. D-∏ t]m-tbm? D-∏ C-Sp-∂n-t√ F-s‚ ta-te-°v a-Æv? s]-s´-∂v H-cp ]n-Sn a-Æp-am-bn h-∂ D-∏m-s\ Rm≥ t\m-°n \n-∂p. F-\n-°v H-cp c-l-kyw ]-d-bm-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p ‚p-∏m-t\m-Sv. D-∏m, DΩm-t\m-Sv ]-d-b-Ww k-¶-S-s]-S-cp-Xv F-∂v. Im-c-Ww, \-ΩsS ]-S-t®m≥ tamƒ-°v H-cp Hm-^¿ X-∂-Xm-Wv. ]-S-t®m≥ tam-tfm-Sv ]-d-™p, tam-fn-t∏mƒ A-tßm- ´v t]m-Ip-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ip-d-®pIm-e-ta F-√m-h-cp-sS-bpw Iq-sS I-gn-bm≥ ]-‰p. ]n-s∂ H-cp-]m-Sv k-¶-S-s∏-Sp-I-bpw sN-øp-a-t{X. A-t∂-cw, t]m-Im-Xn-cp-∂m¬ tamƒ-°v alv-i-d-bn¬ F-√m-h-cpw H-cp-an-®v Iq-Sp-tºmƒ D-∏m-s‚- bpw D-Ωm-tS-bpw ssI-Iƒ tIm¿-Øv k-t¥m-j-tØmsS kz¿-K-Øn-te-°v sIm-≠p-t]m-Imw F-∂v. A-Xp-sIm- ≠m-Wvt´m Rm≥ h-cm-™-Xv. h-ey Hm-^¿ A-s√ CXv? Ft∂m-Sv s]m-dp-°-Ww. ]-S-t®m≥ F-\n-°v X-∂ hm-°m-Wv A-sXm-cn-°-epw sh-dpw hm-°v B-hn-√. A- ∂v Rm≥ C-ß-s\ sN-bv-X-Xn-\v F-t∂m-Sv ]n-W-ßn hcm≥ a-Sn-Im-Wn°-cp-Xv tI-t´m. tamƒ-°v k-ln-°q-e. A-hn-sS-sb-¶n-epw F-\n-°v F-s‚ D-∏-bp-sS-bpw D-Ω-bpsS-bpw Nq-Sp-]-‰n In-S-°-Ww, D-∏-bp-sS hn-c¬-Øp-ºn¬ Xq-ßn \-S-°-Ww. hn-j-an-°-cp-Xv, A-∂v \-ap-°-hn-sS \n- ∂pw Im-Wmw. C≥-jm A-√m-lv. ]-S-t®m-s‚ Hm-^¿ lnkm\ IY

46 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 {]n-b-X-ta, B ho-´n-te-°v I-b-dn-s®- √p-tºmƒ B-sI aq-I-X X-fw sI-´n- \n-∂n-cp-∂p. F-¥m-Wv A-h-tcm-Sv ]- d-tb-≠-sX-∂v \n-›-b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n- √. I-gn-™ Zn-h-k-am-Wv B a-I≥ Po-hn-X-Øn¬\n-∂v C-d-ßn-t∏m-b-Xv. am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fpw k-tlm-Z-c-ß-fp-a-Sßn-b B Ip-Spw-_w B-sI a-t\m-hnj-a-Øn-em-Wv. hn-hm-lw I-gn-™n-´v G-Xm-\pw am-k-ß-tf B-bn-´p-≈q. ]pXn-bm-π F-∂ t]-cv am-bpw-ap-tº Ah≥ In-S-∏p-ap-dn-bn¬ Xq-ßn-\n-∂p. h¿- j-ß-tfm-fw t{]-an-®v \-S-∂v sI-´n-b s]¨-Ip-´n A-h-fp-sS ho-´n¬ t]m-b Zn-h-k-Øn-em-Wv Cu Zm-cp-W kw-ëhw \-S-∂-Xv. t{]-a-hn-hm-l-Øn-s‚ A- \-¥-c-Zp-c-¥-߃ ]-e-t∏m-gpw \mw tI-´-Xm-W-t√m. C-Xpw B K-WØn¬ s]-Sp-Ømw. A-h-fp-sS `m-K-Øv \n-∂p-≠m-b Nn-e A-cp-Xm-bv-a-Iƒ Ah-s‚ lr-Z-b-sØ X-I¿-Øp I-f- ™p. D-Ω-tb-bpw D-∏-tb-bpw Ip-™ps]-ß-tf-bpw A-\n-b-∑m-tc-bpw Zp-JØn-em-gv-Øn A-h≥ t]m-bn. {]n-tb... ]p-Xn-b X-e-ap-d-bp-sS a- \- n-\n-sX-¥p-]-‰n.. \n- m-c Im-cy߃-°v t]m-epw B-fl-l-Xy-bn¬ A`-bw I-s≠-Øp-∂-h¿ h¿-≤n-°pI-bm-Wv. k-ln-°m-\pw £-an-°m-\pap-≈ I-gn-hv ]-e¿-°pw C-√m-Xm-bn-cn- °p-∂p. Ip-Spw-_-Po-hn-X-Øn-te-°v {]-th-in-°p-∂ \-h-h-[q-h-c-∑m¿-°v £-am-]q¿-∆w ap-t∂m-´v t]m-hm-\m-hp- ∂n-√. ]-e hn-hm-l _-‘-ß-fpw ]mXn-h-gn-bn¬ sh-®v ap-dn-bp-I-bm-Wv. FSm-t]m-Sm _-‘-Øn-em-Wv ]p-Xn-b Im-e-sØ `m-cy-`¿-Øm-°-∑m¿. ]-ckv-]-cw ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-t°-≠ I-S-a-Ifpw I-S-∏m-Sp-I-fpw A-h¿-°-\y-am-Wv. hn-hm-l-tam-N-\w h-f-sc-tb-sd h¿- ≤n-®-Xn-s‚ Im-c-W-hpw a-s‰m-∂-√. h-f-cp-∂ X-e-ap-d-bp-sS am-\-knIm-h-ÿ-bn¬ G-sd am-‰w h-∂n-´p- ≠v. k-l-]m-Tn-sb A-{I-an-®p sIm- ∂ kv-Iqƒ-hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-fp-sS \n-jvTqc-X-sb tIƒ-t°-≠n h-∂-h-cm-Wv \mw. Ip-Spw-_-Øn-se D-‰-h-cm-b \mev t]-tc-bpw a-s‰m-cp bp-h-Xn-tb-bpw A-Sn-®p sIm-∂ sN-dp-∏-°m-c-s‚ hm¿-Ø \-Ωp-sS lr-Z-b-sØ G-sd A-kz-ÿ-am-°n-bn-t√.. sIm-∂v X- ≈p-∂ ss]-im-Nn-I-X-sb Dƒ-s°m- ≈m≥ bm-sXm-cp ssh-a-\-ky-hp-an-√mØ ]p-Xn-b Im-e-sØ sN-dp-∏-°mcp-sS sN-bv-Xn-I-tfm¿-Øv a-t\m-thZ-\-I-fp-b-cp-I-bm-Wv \-ap-°v. {]n-tb.. a-°-fp-sS kz-ëm-h-cq-]oI-c-W-Øn¬ am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS ]- ¶v sN-dp-X-√. Cu-am-\n-I t_m-[-ap- ≈ am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ A-—-S-°-Øn-eqkkvt\lw {]nb-X-a-tbmSv \ΩpsS Ip´n-Iƒ°v F¥p-]‰n \ujmZv dlvam\n ta¬apdn do¬-kn-s‚ tem-I-Øv A`n-c-an-°p-∂ Ip-´n-I-fp-ap-≠v. F-hn-sS-s®-∂m-epw do¬-sk-Sp-°p-I, C≥-Ã-{Km-an¬ t]m-Ãv sN-øp-I C-Xm-W-h-cp-sS Nn-¥. ]-cn-k-c-t_m-[w e-h-te-iw t]m-epw A-h¿-°p-≠m-hn-√. ]-e tIm-{]m-b-ß-fpw tIm-am-fn-Ø-c-ß-fpw Im-´n do¬-sk-Sp-Øv t]m-Ãv sN-øpw. Im-Wm≥ ]m-Sn-√m-Ø-Xpw D-≈-Xp-sam-s° A-Xn-ep-≠m-hpw. A-h-c-Xn¬ ap-gp-In-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. s\-K-‰o-hpw t]m-kn-‰o-hpw Nn-I-s™-Sp-°m-\-h¿ sa-\-s°-Sm-dn-√.

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 47 sS h-f¿-Øp-∂ a-°ƒ kp-µ-c-am-b N-´-°q-Sn¬ h-f-cp- ∂p-≠v. F-∂m¬ am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fn¬ a-X-t_m-[-an-√mØ-h-tc-sd-bp-≠v. Zo-\o-Np-‰p-]m-Sn-e-√ A-h¿ a-°-sf h-f¿-Øp-∂-Xv. km-l-N-cy-ß-fpw Iq-´p-sI-´p-sam-s° Ah-sc ]-Xp-s° E-Pp-tc-J-bn¬\n-∂v am-‰p-∂p. kv-Iq-fnte-°v ]-d-™-b-®m¬ X-ß-fp-sS _m-[y-X-Iƒ Xo¿- ∂p-sh-∂v I-cp-Xp-∂ am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ hn-Vv-Vn-I-fp-sS kz¿-£-Øn-em-Wv. A-h¿ \-Ωp-sS kw-c-£-W-Øn-emsW-∂ t_m-[-hpw t_m-[y-hpw \m-ap-≠m-°n \¬-IWw. {]n-tb.. ]-cn-k-cw a-en-\-am-Wv. e-l-cn-bp-sS ]n-Snbn-em-Wv ]-e-cpw. \-ap-°-dn-bp-∂-Xpw A-dn-bm-Ø-Xp-amb hn-hn-[ X-cw e-l-cn h-kv-Xp-°ƒ. \-ap-°v Np-‰pw el-cn-am-^n-b-Iƒ h-e hn-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. kv-Iqƒ Ip-´nI-sf A-h¿ ]-Xp-s° A-h-cp-sS ssI-∏n-Sn-bn-sem-Xp- °p-∂p. A-h-c-dn-bm-sX A-h-sc e-l-cn-bp-sS B-h-iy- °m-cm-°n am-‰p-∂p. ku-P-\y-am-bn In-´-W-sa-¶n¬ GP‚m-h-W-sa-∂ B-h-iyw D-∂-bn-°p-∂p. e-l-cn-°-Sna-bm-bm¬ A-Xv In-´m≥ G-Xv Un-am‚pw Aw-Ko-I-cn- °p-∂p. A-ß-s\-bm-Wv e-l-cn h-kv-Xp-°ƒ ssI-amdp-∂ G-P‚p-am¿ h¿-≤n-°p-∂-Xv. e-l-cn hm-ßp-∂-h¿- °v Im-in-s‚ B-h-iyw h-cpw. Im-iv e-`n-°p-∂n-s√-∂v I-≠m¬ tam-j-Ww, ]n-Sn-®p-]-dn-b-S-°-ap-≈ a-‰p am¿- £-ß-fn-te-°v I-S-°pw. Nn-e¿ Im-iv In-´m-Xm-hp-tºmƒ A-{I-a-kz-`m-hw Im-Wn-°pw. ho-´n-se-∂pw {]-iv-\-ßfm-hpw. X-√pw sIm-e-bp-sam-∂pw A-h¿-°v ]p-Ø-cnbm-hn-√. A-h-cp-sS a-\- v a-\p-jy-kz-`m-h-Øn¬ \n- ∂v hy-Xn-N-en-®n-´p-≠m-hpw. sam-ss_¬ ]n-Sn-bn-em-Wv a-°ƒ. Np-‰p-]m-Sp-I-sf, ]-cn-k-c-sØ ho-£n-°m-\pw \n-co-£n-°m-\pw A-h¿- °v k-a-b-an-√. A-h¿ A-h-cp-tS-Xm-b tem-I-Øm-Wv. \m-´n¬ P-\-\w \-S-∂m-epw a-c-Ww \-S-∂m-epw A-h¿- s°m-cp ëm-h-am-‰-hp-an-√, A-h¿ sam-ss_¬ ]n-Sn-®n-cn- °p-I-bm-Wv. \m-´n-em¿-s°-¥v kw`-hn-®m-epw A-h¿- s°m-cp Iq-k-ep-an-√, A-h¿ sam-ss_-en-te-°v X-e Ip-\n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ho-´n¬ hn-cp-∂p-Im-cv h-∂m-epw A-h¿ an-≠m≥ h-cn-√, A-h-c-c-h-cp-sS tem-I-Øm-Wv. h-f¿-∂p h-cp-tºmƒ e-`n-t°-≠ ]-e am-\p-jn-I-hn-Imc-ß-fpw A-h¿-°v e`n-°p-∂n-√. A-Xn-\p-≈ km-l-Ncyw A-h¿ D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√. A-h-cp-sS a-\- n- \v hn-im-e-X e`n-°p-∂n-√. Ip-Spw-_-_-‘-Øn-t‚-bpw b-Ym¿-∞ ku-lr-Z _-‘-Øn-t‚-bpw aq-√yw A-h¿- °v Dƒ-s°m-≈m-\m-hp-∂n-√. A-h¿ h-c-®p-≠m-°n-b H-cp C-´m-h-´-Øv A-h-c-ß-s\ Po-hn-°p-∂p. {]n-tb, e-l-cn-sb Ip-dn-®v ]-d-™p. Ip-´n-I-sf \mi-Øn-te-°v X-≈n-hn-Sp-∂ a-s‰m-cp Im-cyw kn-\n-abm-Wv. a-°-sf A-{I-am-k-‡-cpw kz-`m-h-Zq-jy-cpw sXm-´m¬ s]m-´p-∂ sXm-´m-s]m-´n-I-fp-am-°p-∂-Xv C- ∂-sØ kn-\n-a-I-fm-Wv. kn-\n-a-sb bm-Ym¿-∞ytØm-Sv X-´n-®p-t\m-°m-\p-≈ hn-th-Iw t]m-epw ]- e-cpw Im-Wn-°p-∂n-√. A-Xn-se ]-©v U-b-tem-KpIƒ Po-hn-X-Øn¬ tIm-∏n-b-Sn-°m-\p-≈ Xz-c-bm-Wv ]-e sN-dp-∏-°m¿-°pw. £-a-bpw Z-b-bpw I-cp-W-bpsam-∂pw A-h¿ kn-\n-a-I-fn¬ \n-∂v ]Tn-°n-√. hodpw hm-in-bpw Ip-Sn-∏-I-bpw sh-dp-∏pw X-√n-s°m-√m- \p-≈ tZ-jy-hp-am-Wv A-h-sc kn-\n-a ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂- Xv. {]n-tb.. do¬-kn-s‚ tem-I-Øv A`n-c-an-°p-∂ Ip- ´n-I-fp-ap-≠v. F-hn-sS-s®-∂m-epw do¬-sk-Sp-°p-I, C≥-Ã-{Km-an¬ t]m-Ãv sN-øp-I C-Xm-W-h-cp-sS Nn- ¥. ]-cn-k-c-t_m-[w e-h-te-iw t]m-epw A-h¿-°p- ≠m-hn-√. ]-e tIm-{]m-b-ß-fpw tIm-am-fn-Ø-c-ß-fpw Im-´n do¬-sk-Sp-Øv t]m-Ãv sN-øpw. Im-Wm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xpw D-≈-Xp-sam-s° A-Xn-ep-≠m-hpw. A-hc-Xn¬ ap-gp-In-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. s\-K-‰o-hpw t]m-kn- ‰o-hpw Nn-I-s™-Sp-°m-\-h¿ sa-\-s°-Sm-dn-√. {]n-tb... Ip-´n-I-fp-sS am¿-K-{`w-i-Øn¬ e-l-cn, kn-\n-a, sam-ss_¬ F-∂n-h-bp-sS-sbm-s° ]-¶n-\p ]p-d-sa, G-sd Ku-c-h-tØm-sS \mw a-\- n-em-t°- ≠ Nn-e bm-Ym¿-∞y-ß-fp-≠v. Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s‚ Iøn¬ \n-∂v Ip-´n-bp-sS I-Sn-™m¨ \-jv-S-s∏-´-Xv \- ap-°v h-en-b \-jv-Sw h-cp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. A-an-X-kzm-X- {¥yw A-h¿-°v h-I-sh-®p \¬-In. tNm-Zn-°p-∂-sX- ¥pw hm-cn-t°m-cn sIm-Sp-Øp. sX-‰p-Iƒ I-≠m¬ Xn-cp-Øp-∂ kz-`m-hw ap-Xn¿-∂-h¿ ]m-sS D-t]-£n- ®p-I-f-™p. ]-g-b Im-e-Øv A-k-a-b-Øv A-ßm-Snbn¬ \n¬-°p-∂-Xv I-≠m¬ ]n-Xm-sh-∂-√, ap-Xn¿- ∂ B-cv I-≠m-epw ho-´n-te-°m-´n-bn-cp-∂p. a-Kv-cn-_ns‚ k-a-b-Øv ]m-S-Øv I-fn-°p-∂-Xv I-≠m¬ apXn¿-∂-h¿ I-fn \n¿-Øm-\m-⁄m-]n-®n-cp-∂p. sX-‰v I-≠m¬ Xn-cp-Øm-\pw in-£ \¬-Im-\pw A-∂v Dkv-Xm-Zp-am¿-°pw A-[ym-]-I¿-°pw \-√ kzm-X-{¥yap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C-∂v A-h¿-s°-√mw `b-am-Wv. in- £ \¬-In-bm-epw c-£n-Xm-°ƒ Ip-´n-I-fp-sS `m-KØv \n¬-°pw. in-£n-®-h¿ {]-Xn-I-fm-hpw. C-∂v {]- Xn-I-cn-°m≥ ]-e¿-°pw t]-Sn-bm-Wv. Cu km-l-Ncyw am-d-Ww. A-Xn-s\-√m-h-cpw H-sØm-cp-an-®v X-s∂ {]-h¿-Øn-°-Ww. {]n-tb.. a-\-°-cp-Øp-≠m-h-s´ \-Ωp-sS a-°ƒ-°v.. A-Xn-\m-h-s´ \-Ωp-sS {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃. IpSpw_n\n

48 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 _me-]mTw kn±oJv dlvam\n thfw a-Wn-°q-dp-I-tfm-fw t^m¨ t\m-°nbn-cn-°p-∂, H-∂v hn-fn-®m¬ t]m-epw Xn-cn-™p t\m-°p-I-tbm hn-fn-tIƒ- °p-I-tbm sN-øm-Ø, t^m¨ Xn-cnsI hm-ßn-bm¬ A-Xn-\m-bn hm-in- ]n-Sn-®v A-e-ap-d-bn-´v I-c-bp-I-bpw Nne-t∏mƒ B-fl-l-Xym `o-j-Wn-h-sc ap-g-°p-∂ Ip-´n-Iƒ C-∂v ]-e ho-SpI-fn-se-bpw \n-Xy-Im-gv-N-bm-Wv. ]-d- ™p-h-cp-∂-Xv A-an-X kv-{Io≥ D-]- tbm-Kw Im-c-Ww Ip-´-I-fn-ep-≠m-Ip- ∂ Kp-cp-X-c am-\-kn-I ˛ im-co-cn-I tcm-K-sØ °p-dn-®m-Wv. t]-cv sh¿- ®y¬ Hm-´n-kw A-an-X-am-bn kv-{Io-\pIƒ-°p ap-ºn¬ I-gn-bp-∂-Xv Im-c-Ww 6 h-b- n-\p Xm-sg-bp-≈ Ip-´n-I-sf km-c-am-bn _m-[n-°p-∂ s]-cp-am-‰ ssh-I-ey-am-Wv sh¿-®y¬ Hm-´n-kw. kv-am-¿-´v-t^m¨, Sn.hn, Sm-_v t]m-ep- ≈ kv-{Io≥ D-]-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ A-anX-am-bn k-a-bw Nn-e-hn-gn-°p-∂ Ip-´nI-fn¬ am-\-kn-I˛im-co-cn-I h-f¿-® apc-Sn-°p-∂-X-S-°-ap-≈ sh¿-®y¬ Hm-´nk-Øn-s‚ hn-hn-[ ssh-I-ey-߃ D- ≠m-hm-\p-≈ km-[y-X h-f-sc Iq-SpX-em-Wv. am-cn-b-kv kmw-^n¿ F-∂ sdm-am- \n-b≥ ssk-t°m-f-Pn-kv-‰m-Wv sh¿- Ip-´n-I-fn-se sh¿-®z¬ Hm-´n-kw

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 49 Im-k-sØ-bpw km-c-am-bn _m-[n-°p-sa-∂v \yq-tdm kb≥-kv ]T-\-߃ I-s≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. aq-∂v h-b- n-\p Xm-sg-bp-≈ Ip-´n-Iƒ-°v kv-{Io≥ k-a-b-Øn¬ \n-b-{¥-W-߃ sh-°-Ww . Zn-h-kw Hcp a-Wn-°q-tdm A-Xn¬ Ip-d-thm k-a-bw am-{X-sa Ah¿-°v kv-{Io≥ D-]-I-c-W-߃ D-]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ \- ¬-Im-hq. I-fn-∏m-´-߃, Nn-{Xw h-c, \m-S≥ I-fn-Iƒ Xp-S-ßn-b Ip-´n-Iƒ-°p Iq-Sn C-„-ap-≈ hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ A-h-sc F≥-tI-Pv sN-øn-®m¬ ta¬ ]-d-™ kv-{Io≥ k-a-b \nb-{¥-Ww ^-e-{]-Z-am-bn \-S-∏n¬ h-cp-Øm≥ ]-‰pw. Ip-´n-Iƒ-°v a-Sp-∏v tXm-∂mØ-Xpw F-∂m¬ Kp-Wm-fl-I-amb Im-cy-߃ Dƒ-s°m-≠-Xp-amb H-cp ssZ-\w-Zn-\ Nn-´ Ip-´n-Isf ]-cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xv Ip-´n-bpsS hy-‡n-Xz-sØ sa-s®-s∏-SpØp-hm-\pw H-c-f-thm-fw km-[n- °pw. A-tXm-sSm-∏w ]Tn-°p-I.. I-fn-°p-I, hm-bn-°p-I, kw-km-cn- °p-I, `-£-Ww I-gn-°p-I Xp-Sßn-b Im-cy-ß-fn¬ kv-t\-ltØm-sS A-h-tcm-sSm-∏-w H-∂n-®ncn-°p-I-bpw kv-{Io≥ c-ln-X ka-b-ß-fm-bn C-h-sb am-‰p-I-bpw sN-øp-I. C-ß-s\ sN-øp-t_mƒ Ip-´n-I-fn¬ tkm-jy-sse-knw-Kv _n-tl-hn-b¿ h-f-cp-I-bpw kv-{Io- \p-I-fn¬ A-Xn-I t\-cw I-gn-bm- \p-≈ sS‚≥-kn A-h-cn¬ Ip-dbp-I-bpw sN-øpw. ap-Xn¿-∂-h-cp-sS kv-{Io≥ ssSw Ip-´n-I-fp-sS ap-ºn¬ Ip-d- °p-∂-Xpw Ip-d-®p-Iq-Sn Kp-W-I-cam-hpw. Im-c-Ww A-h-tcm-Sv kv- {Io≥ ssSw Ip-d-°m≥ ]-d-™v c-£n-Xm-°ƒ \n-c-¥-cw kv-{Io-\pIƒ D-]-tbm-Kn-®m¬ Ip-´n-Iƒ-°nXv H-cp hn-tcm-[m`m-k-am-bn tXm-∂p-I-bpw kv-{Io≥ ssSw Ip-d-°p-∂-Xv A-h¿ D-t]-£n-°p-I-bpw sN-øpw. C-Xp-h-sc ]-d-™ kv-{Io≥ \n-b-{¥-W \-S-]-Sn-{I-a-߃ km-l-N-cy-߃-°-\p-k-cn-®v c-£n-Xm-°ƒ Ip-´n-I-fn-¬ A-ssπ sN-bv-Xm¬ sh¿-®z¬ Hm-´n-k-sa-∂ hn-]-Øn¬ \n-∂v \-ap-°-h-sc c-£n-°m≥ km-[n-°pw. kv{Io-\n-e-a-cp-∂ sIm-®p _m-ey߃/04 ®y¬ Hm-´n-k-sa-∂ ]-Zw B-Zy-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. Zo¿-L-t\-cw kv-{Io-\p-I-fn¬ Nn-e-hn-gn-°p-∂ Ip-´n-Ifn¬ D-d-° Ip-d-hv, kw-km-c Kym-]v, A-an-X hn-Ir-Xn , D-Xv-I-fi Xp-S-ßn-b e-£-W-߃ Im-Wp-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ A-Xv sh¿-®y¬ Hm-´n-k-Øn-s‚ e-£-W-am-bn I-W- °m-°mw.Im¿-´q¨ I-Ym-]m-{X-ß-sf-bpw a-‰pw A-\pI-cn-°p-∂-Xpw B I-Ym-]m-{X-߃ kw-km-cn-°p-∂-Xv t]m-se kw-km-cn-°p-∂-Xpw Cu tcm-K-e-£-W-Øn-s‚ `m-K-am-Wv. hn-fn-®m¬ t]m-epw tI-ƒ-°m-Ø D-∑mZm-h-kv-X-bn¬ kv-{Io≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-I, \n-c-¥-cw sam-ss_¬ B-h-iy-s∏-´p-sIm- ≠n-cn-°p-I, kv-{Io≥ D-]-tbm-Kw X-S- ™m¬ tZ-jyw {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bpw A- {I-am-k-‡n Im-Wn-°p-I-bpw sN-øp-I, ssh-In D-d-ßp-I, `-£-W hn-c-‡n tXm- ∂p-I, Xp-S-ßn-b Im-cy-ß-fm-Wv sh¿-®¬ Hm-´n-k-Øn-s‚ `m-K-am-bn ap-Xn¿-∂ Ip-´nI-fn¬ Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂ {]-[m-\ e-£-W߃. k-aq-l-tØm-Spw Ip-Spw-_-tØm-Spw Im-Wn-t°-≠ km-am-\y a-cym-Z-I-fn¬-\n- ∂pƒ-h-en-™v kz-¥-Øn-te-°v H-Xp-ßnIq-Sp-∂ A-h-kv-X-bpw Cu sh-¿-®y¬ tcmK-ap-≈ Ip-´n-I-fn¬ s]m-Xp-sh Im-W-s∏- Sp-∂p. a-‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sv kw-km-cn-°m-t\m Iq- ´p-Iq-Sm-t\m I-fn-°m-t\m ap-Xn-cm-sX kv- {Io-\p-I-fn¬ am-{Xw H-Xp-ßn-°q-Sp-∂ \yqP-\-td-j≥ Ip-´n-I-fp-sS Cu t]m-°v kaq-l-Øn¬ h-en-b Zq-c hym-]-I-am-b {]- Xym-Lm-X-߃-°m-Wv C-S-h-cp-Øp-I,Bb-Xn-\m-¬ ]p-Xn-b Im-e X-e-ap-d-sb ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂ sh¿®z¬ Hm-´n-k-sa-∂ Un-Pn-‰¬ Pz-c-Øn¬ \n-∂pw A-h-sc c- £n-°¬ c-£n-Xm-°-fp-sS-bpw ap-Xn¿-∂- h-cp-sS-bpw _m-[y-X-bm-Wv. Nn-´-bm-b Nne \n-b-{¥-W-ß-fn-eq-sS-bpw {]-hr-Øn-Ifn-eq-S-bpw C-Xn-s\ \-ap-°v a-dn-I-S-°m-\mhpw. c-≠p-h-b- n-\p Xm-sg-bp-≈ Ip-´n-Iƒ-°v Xo-sc kv-{Io≥ D-]-I-c-W-߃ \¬-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ c-£n-Xm- °ƒ {i-≤n-°-Ww. Ip-´n-Iƒ A-S-ßn-bn-cn-°m-\pw ë- £-Ww I-gn-°m-\pw a-‰pw A-h¿-°v t^m¨, Sm-_v t]m-ep-≈-h \¬-I¬ i-cn-bm-b co-Xn-b-√. sN-dn-b Ip- ´n-Iƒ-°v A-an-X-am-bn kv-{Io≥ ssSw \¬-In-bm¬ Ah-cn-se X-e-t®m-dn-s‚ {]-h¿-Ø-\-sØ-bpw _p-≤n-hnhn-fn-®m¬ t]m-epw tI-ƒ-°m-Ø D-∑m-Zm-h-kvX-bn¬ kv-{Io≥ D-]-tbmKn-°p-I, \n-c-¥-cw sam-ss_¬ B-h-iy-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn- °p-I, kv-{Io≥ D-]-tbm-Kw X-S-™m¬ tZ-jyw {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw A-{I-am-k-‡n Im-Wn-°p-I-bpw sN-øpI, ssh-In D-d-ßp-I, `-£-W hn-c-‡n tXm-∂p-I, Xp-S-ßn-b Im-cy-ß-fm-Wv sh¿-®¬ Hm-´n-k-Øn-s‚ `m-K-am-bn ap-Xn¿-∂ Ip-´n-I-fn¬ Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂ {]-[m-\ e-£-W-߃.

50 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 tIm-gn-t°m-Sv: B-Z¿-i hn-ip-≤n \q- ‰m-≠p-I-fn-eq-sS F-∂ {]-ta-b-sØ A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-°n 2026 s^-{_p-h-cn 4 ap-X¬ 8 h-sc Im-k¿-tIm-Uv IpWn-b h-c-°¬ ap-√-t°m-b X-߃ \-K-dn¬ \-S-°p-∂ k-a-kv-X \q-dmw hm¿-jn-I A-¥m-cm-{„ a-lmk-tΩ-f- \w h≥ hn-P-b-am-°m≥ tIm-gn-t°mSv tN¿-∂ k-a-kv-X tI-c-f C-kvemw a-X hn-Zym-`ym-k t_m¿-Uv \n¿-∆m-lI k-an-Xn tbm-Kw A-`y¿-∞n-®p. ]p-Xp-Xm-bn c-≠v a-Zv-d-k-Iƒ-°v Iq-Sn tbm-Kw Aw-Ko-Im-cw \¬-In. CtXm-Sp-Iq-Sn k-a-kv-X a-Zv-d-k-I-fp-sS FÆw 10948B-bn. A¬-l-bm-Øv Cw- •o-jv kv-Iqƒ a-Zv-d-k I-S-h-√q¿ (Xriq¿), a-Zv-d-k-Øp X-Jz sX-ßpw-h-f- ∏v, a-e-b-cn-In¬ (]m-e-°m-Sv) F-∂o k-a-kv-X 100-mw hm¿-jn-I a-lm-k-tΩ-f-\w hn-P-bn-∏n-°p-I: k-a-kv-X tI-c-f C-kvemw a-X hn-Zym-`ym-k t_m¿-Uv a-Zv-d-k-Iƒ-°m-Wv ]p-Xp-Xm-bn Aw-KoIm-cw \¬-In-b-Xv. k-a-kv-X ssI-Øm-ßv ]-≤-Xn-bpsS -`m-K-am-bp-≈ F-´m-a-Xv ^-≠v kam-l-c-W-Øn-\v k-l-I-cn-®-h-sc-bpw k-lm-bn-®-h-sc-bpw tbm-Kw A-`n-\- µn-®p. k-am-l-cn-® Xp-I-Iƒ Hm-^okn¬ e`y-am-°m-Ø a-Zv-d-k-Iƒ F- {X-bpw s]-s´-∂v Xp-I A-S-t°-≠-XmsW-∂v tbm-Kw \n¿-t±-in-®p. ssIØm-ßv ]-≤-Xn-bn¬ \n-∂pw hn-hn-[ ÿm-]-\-߃-°v 24e-£w cq-] kmº-Øn-I k-lm-bw A-\p-h-Zn-®p. {]-kn-U‚ v ]n.sI aq-k-°p-´n lkv-d-Øv A-≤y-£-Xh-ln-®p. P-\-d¬ sk-{I-´-dn Fw.Sn A-–p-√ ap-…n-bm¿ kzm-K-Xw ]-d-™p. k-a-kv-X tI-c-f Pw-C-ø-Øp¬ D-e-am P-\-d¬ sk-{I- ´-dn s{]m-^. sI B-en-°p-´n ap-…nbm¿ {]m¿-∞-\ \-S-Øn. ]m-W-°m-Sv k-øn-Zv km-Zn-J-en in-lm-_v X-߬ D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-bv-Xp. sI.Sn lw-k ap-…n-bm¿, sI D-a¿ ss^-kn ap-°w, hm-t°m-Sv sam-bv-Xo≥ Ip-´n ss^-kn, Fw.kn am-bn≥ lm-Pn, Fw.]n.Fw l- ≥ i-co-^v Ip-cn-°ƒ, sI.Fw A-–p-√ am-ÿ sIm-´-∏p-dw, tUm. F≥.F.Fw A-–p¬ Jm-Zn¿, A- –p¬ l-ao-Zv ss^-kn A-º-e-°-S-hv, C sam-bv-Xo≥ ss^-kn ]p-Ø-\-gn, C-kv-a-Cu¬ Ip-™p-lm-Pn am-∂m¿, F-kv k-Cu-Zv ap-…n-bm¿ hn-gn-™w, Fw A-–p-d-ln-am≥ ap-…n-bm¿ sImS-Iv kw-km-cn-®p. P-\-d¬ am-t\-P¿ sI tam-bn≥ Ip-´n am-ÿ \-µn ]-d- ™p. hm¿-Ø-Iƒ h-f-s®m-Sn-®v ]n-f¿-∏p-≠m-°m≥ {i-an-°p-∂-h-sc kq-£n-°p-I: k-a-kv-X t\-Xm-°ƒ tIm-gn-t°m-Sv: 06/02/2025\p tIm-gn-t°m-Sv k-a-kv-X Im-cym-e-b-Øn¬ tN¿- ∂ k-a-kv-X tI-c-f Pw-C-ø-Øp¬ D-e-am tI-{µ ap-im-h-d tbm-K-Øn¬ k-akv-X-bp-sS \q-dmw hm¿-jn-I-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n-® kp-{]-[m-\-am-b ]-e Im-cyß-fpw N¿-® sN-bv-Xv Xo-cp-am-\-߃ F-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. A-Xn-\v ti-jw \-S-∂ I¨-sh≥-j-\n¬ 10,001 Aw-K kzm-K-X kw-Lw cq-]o-I-cn-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. k-a-kv-X-bp-sS ap-im-h-d Aw-Kw Iq-Sn-bm-b Fw.]n ap-kv-X-^¬ ss^- kn X-s‚ Nn-e {]-kw-K-Øn-epw a-‰pw a-X ]-fin-X-∑m-sc sam-Ø-am-bpw ka-kv-X-sb-bpw k-a-kv-X {]-kn-U‚n-s\-bpw h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw C-I-gv-Øn-b-Xm-bn ap-im-h-d-sb ]-e-cpw t_m-≤y-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ A-t±-lsØ A-t\y-j-W hn-t[-b-am-bn k-kv-s]‚ v sN-øm≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-I-bp- ≠m-bn. Im-cyw C-ß-s\-bm-bn-cn-s° Nn-e am-[y-a-߃ hn-j-bw a-s‰m-cp Zn-i-bnte-°v Xn-cn-®p-hn-Sp-I-bpw k-a-kv-X-bp-sS ap-kvenweo-Kv hn-cp-≤ \n-e-]m-Sv sIm- ≠m-Wv ap-kv-X-^¬ ss^-kn-sb k-kv-s]‚ v sN-øm≥ Xo-cp-am-\n-®-sX-∂v {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. hym-P-am-b C-Ø-cw {]-N-c-W-߃ A-tß-b-‰w A-]-e-]-\o-b-am-sW-∂pw C-Xn¬ B-cpw h-©n-X-cm-h-cp-sX-∂pw ap-kvenweoKpw k-a-kv-X-bpw X-Ωn-ep-≈ ku-lr-Z _-‘-sØ X-I¿-°m≥ {i-an-°p-∂- h-sc F-√m-h-cpw Xn-cn-®-dn-b-W-sa-∂pw k-a-kv-X tI-c-f Pw C ø-Øp¬ D-ea {]-kn-U‚ v k-øn-Zv ap-l-Ω-Zv Pn^vcn ap-Øp-t°m-b X-߃, P-\-d¬ sk- {I-´-dn s{]m. sI.B-en-Ip-´n ap-kven-bm¿, {S-j-d¿ ]n. ]n.D-a¿ ap-kv-en-bm¿ sIm-tøm-Sv, sk-{I-´-dn Fw.Sn A-–p-√ ap-kv-en-bm¿ F-∂n-h¿ kw-bp-‡ {]- kv-Xm-h-\-bn¬ A-dn-bn-®p. k-a-kv-X hn-Zym-`ym-k t_m¿-Uv tjm-∏nw-Kv Iw tlm-ì sI-´n-Sw D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-bv-Xp tIm-gn-t°m-Sv: k-a-kv-X tI-c-f Ckvemw a-X hn-Zym-`ym-k t_m¿-Un- \v Io-gn¬ tIm-gn-t°m-Sv {^m≥-knkv tdm-Un¬ ]p-Xp-Xm-bn \n¿-an-® tjm-∏nw-Kv tImw-π-Iv-kv Iw tlmì sI-´n-S-Øn-s‚ D-Zv-Lm-S-\w ka-kv-X tI-c-f Pw-C-ø-Øp¬ D-e-am {]-kn-U‚ v k-øn-Zv ap-l-Ω-Zv- Pn-{^n ap-Øp-t°m-b X-߃ D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-bv-Xp. k-a-kv-X hn-Zym- -`ym-kt_m¿-Uv {]-kn-U‚ v ]n.sI aq-k- °p-´n l-kv-d-Øv, P-\-d¬ sk-{I-´- dn Fw.Sn A-–p-√ ap-kv-en-bm¿, sk- {I-´-dn tUm. F≥.F.Fw A-–p¬ Jm-Z¿, C-kv-am-bn¬ Ip-™p lm-Pn am-∂m¿, C. sam-bv-Xo≥ ss^-kn ]pØ-\-gn, F-kv. k-Cu-Zv ap-kv-en-bm¿ hn-gn-™w, am-t\-P¿ sI tam-bn≥- Ip-´n am-ÿ, sI.sI.F-kv X-߃ sh-´n-®n-d, ap-kv-X-^ am-ÿ ap-≠p- ]m-d, H.]n.Fw A-jv-d-^v-, sI. lwk t°m-b lm-Pn, kn.]n. C-Jv_m¬ kw-_-‘n-®p.

2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 51 kwLm-S\w k-a-kv-X tI-c-f C-…mw a-X hn-Zym`ym-k t_m¿-Un-\v Io-gn¬ H-∂v ap-X¬ \m-ev h-sc ¢m-kp-I-fn-se ]-cn-jv-I-cn-® a-Zv-d-k ]mT-]p-kv-X-I ß-fp-sS {]-Im-i-\-hpw sk-an-\m-dpw k-a-kv-X tI-c-f Pw-C-ø-Øp¬ D-e-am {]-kn-U‚ v k-ønZv ap-l-Ω-Zv- Pn^vcn ap-Øp-t°m-b X-߃ D-Zv-Lm-S-\w sN-øp-∂p k-a-kv-X: ]-cn-jv-I-cn-® a-Zv-d-k ]mT-]p-kv-X-I-߃ {]-Im-i-\w sN-bv-Xp tIm-gn-t°m-Sv: k-a-kv-X tI-c-f Ckvemw a-X hn-Zym`ym-k t_m¿-Uns‚ H-∂v ap-X¬ \m-ev h-sc ]-cn-jvI-cn-® a-Zv-d-k ]mT-]p-kv-X-I-ß-fp-sS {]-Im-i-\w k-a-kv-X tI-c-f Pw-C-øØp¬ D-e-a {]-kn-U‚ v k-øn-Zv apl-Ω-Zv- Pn-{^n ap-Øp-t°m-b X-߃ \n¿-∆-ln-®p. k-a-kv-X tI-c-f C-…mw a-X hnZym`ym-k t_m¿-Uv {]-kn-U‚ v ]n.sI aq-k-°p-´n l-kv-d-Øv A-[y- £-\m-bn. k-a-kv-X hn-Zym`ym-k t_m¿-Uv P-\-d¬ sk-{I-´-dn Fw.Sn A-–p-√ ap-kv-en-bm¿ ap-Jy-{]-`m-jWw \-S-Øn. hn-Zym`ym-k t_m¿-Uv Aw-K-ß-fm-b sI. D-a¿ ss^-kn ap- °w, hm-t°m-Sv sam-bv-Xo≥ Ip-´n ss^-kn, sI.Fw A-–p-√ am-ÿ sIm-´-∏p-dw, C. sam-bv-Xo≥ ss^-kn ]p-Ø-\-gn, F-kv. k-Cu-Zv ap-kv-enbm¿ hn-gn-™w, C-kv-am-bn¬ Ip- ™p lm-Pn am-∂m¿, F-kv.C.F {]- kn-U‚ v ap-kv-X-^ am-ÿ ap-≠p- ]m-d, F-kv.sI.Fw.Fw.F t\-Xm- °-fm-b sI. sI. F-kv. X-߃ sh- ´n-®n-d, sI.]n tIm-b, F-kv.sI.sP. Fw.kn.kn `m-c-hm-ln-I-fm-b k-ønZv \n-bm-k-en in-lm-_v X-߃, sI.Sn lp-ssk≥-Ip-´n au-e-hn, bq- \p-kv ss^-kn sh-´p-]m-d, Fkv.sI.F-kv.F-kv.F-^v P-\-d¬ sk-{I-´-dn H.]n.Fw A-jv-d-^v- aue-hn {]-kw-Kn-®p. F-kv.sI.sF.Fw.hn t_m¿-Uv sk-{I-´-dn tUm. F≥.F.Fw A- –p¬ Jm-Z¿ kzm-K-X-hpw P-\-d¬ am-t\-P¿ sI. tam-bn≥-Ip-´n am-ÿ \-µn-bpw ]-d-™p. Xp-S¿-∂v \-S-∂ sk-an-\m-dn¬ F-kv.hn ap-l-Ω-Z-en am-ÿ hn-jbm-h-X-c-Ww \-S-Øn. sI.F-®v Zm-cn-an, jm-lp¬ lao-Zv am-ÿ, d-low Np-g-en, tUm. A-–p¬ a-Po-Zv sIm-S-°m-Sv, ap-Pv-X- _ ss^-kn B-\-°-c, ap-kv-X-^ lpZ-hn sIm-Sp-h-≈n, sI.F-®v tIm-´-∏pg, D-kv-am≥ ss^-kn C-¥y-∂q¿, lpssk≥ sju-°-Ø-en _m-J-hn, A- –p¬ l-Iow ss^-kn a-Æm¿-°m-Sv, sI. ]n A-–p-d-“m≥ ap-kv-en-bm¿, ssh.]n A-_q-_-°¿ au-e-hn t\-XrXzw \¬-In. H-∂v ap-X¬ \m-ev h-sc ¢m-kp-Ifn-se ]mT-]p-kv-X-I-ß-fm-Wv H-∂mw L-´w ]-cn-jv-I-cn-®-Xv. Xp-S¿-∂v L-´w L-´-am-bn π-kv-Sp h-sc-bp-≈ ap-gp-h≥ ]mT-]p-kv-X-I-ß-fpw ]-cn-jv-I-cn-°pw. ]p-Xn-b km-t¶-Xn-I hn-Zy-bp-sS k-lmb-tØm-sS A-Sn-ÿm-\ X-Xz-Øn¬ am-‰w h-cp-Øm-sX-bp-≈ k-aq-e am-‰- am-Wv ]mT-]p-kv-X-I-ß-fn¬ h-cp-Ønbn-´p-≈-Xv. ]-cn-jv-I-cn-® ]mT-]p-kv-X-I-߃ kw-_-‘n-®v A-≤ym-]-I¿-°pw c-£mI¿-Øm-°ƒ-°pw hn-Zym¿-Yn-Iƒ-°pw {]-tXy-Iw {]-tXy-Iw ]-cn-io-e-\-߃ kw-L-Sn-∏n-°pw.

52 2025 amÀ¨v 15þ31 KpW]mTw kzmZnJv ss^kn Xm\q¿ Imc-h≥ h∂p ssJdp-hm≥ ]nd∂p da-fzm≥ 2. ln-Pv-d h¿-jw 50. D-Jv-_-Øv _n≥ \m- ^n-C¬ ^n-Jvcn(d)bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ ap-kvenw ssk-\yw B-{^n-°≥ h-\m-¥-c-ß-fn¬ F-Øns∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. A-Xp-h-sc-bp-≈ tem-I N-cn-{X-Øn¬ G-‰-hpw th-K-Øn¬ h-f¿-® {]m-]n-®psIm-≠n-cn-°p- ∂ H-cp km-{am-Py-Øn-s‚-bpw kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-s‚ {]- Nm-c-W-Øn-\m-bn C-d-ßn-Øn-cn-®-Xm-W-h¿. Aw-dv _n≥ B-kzv(d)s‚ Iq-sS \n-∂p B-Zyw Cu-Pn-]v-Xv Io-g-S-°n. ]n-s∂ Aƒ-Po-cn-b, en-_n-b, sam-tdmt°m, Xp-\o-jy Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂ a-Kvcn-_v tZ-i-ß-sf- √mw Io-g-S-°n C-kv em-an-s‚-Xm-°n am-‰n A-h¿ apt∂-dp-I X-s∂-bm-Wv. A-h-km-\w B bm-{X kw-Lw F-Øn-s∏-´-Xv Xp-\o-jy-bn-se H-cp sIm-Spw-h-\-Øn¬. C-cp-´v \n-d- ™ C-S-߃. A-∏p-d-Øp\n-∂v lnw-{k-P-¥p-°-fpsS A-e-d-ep-Iƒ tIƒ-°mw. sXm-´p ap-∂n-eq-sS ]mºp-I-fpw C-g-P-¥p-°-fpw C-S-X-S-hn-√m-sX C-g-™p \o-ßp-∂-Xp Im-Wmw. Iq-´-Øn¬ ]-e¿-°pw A-Xv I-≠-t∏mƒ `-bw tXm-∂n. ]p-Xp-bm-bn C-kvemw kzoI-cn-®p-h-cpw A-√m-Ø-h-cpw A-°q-´-Øn¬ D-≠m-bncp-∂p. sh-fn-®-ap-≈ a-s‰m-cn-S-Øv Xm-h-f-sam-cp-°msa-∂v A-h¿ tk-\m-\m-b-I≥ D-Jv-_-tbm-Sph-∂p ]-d-™p. D-Jv-_ C-cp-∂-bn-S-Øp \n-∂v F-gp-t∂-‰p. H-cp ]m-d-°-√n¬ I-b-dn \n-∂p D-d-s° hn-fn-®p ]-d-™p; ]m-ºp-I-tf, tX-fp-I-tf, lnw-{k-Po-hn-I-tf... R-߃ ap-l-Ω-Zv \-_n(kz)bp-sS A-\p-bm-bn-I-fm-Wv. kXy-a-X-Øn-s‚ {]-Nm-c-W {]-t_m-[-\ {]-h¿-Ø-\- ߃-°v h-∂-Xm-Wv. R-ß-fp-sS Iq-´-Øn¬ ]p-Wy {]-hm-N-I-s‚ Xn-cp-k-Z- n-en-cp-∂ ]-Xn-s\-´v kz-lm- _n-I-fp-≠v. R-߃ C-hn-sS Xm-h-f-sam-cp-°m-\pw Xm-a-kn-°m-\pw D-t±-in-°p-∂p. A-Xp sIm-≠v R߃-°v \n-ß-sf sIm-≠v bm-sXm-cp i-ey-hpw D- ≠m-Im≥ ]m-Sn-√. \n-߃ Cu ]-cn-k-c-Øp-\n∂v am-dn-Ø-c-Ww....íí D-Jv-_ aq-∂p X-h-W A-Xm-h¿-®p. A-tXm-sS A-hn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ lnw-{k P-¥p-°-sf-√mw Xe Xm-gv-Øn A-h¿-°p ap-∂n-eq-sS a-s‰m-cp Xm-h-fØn-te-°v \o-ßp-∂-Xm-Wv P-\w I-≠-Xv. A-h-bn¬ Nn-e-Xv kz-¥w Ip-™p-ß-sf-bpw I-Sn-®p]n-Sn-®p \-S-∂p t]m-Ip-∂ cw-Kw A-h-sc A-¤p-X-s∏-SpØn. A-Xv I-≠p \-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS Cu-am≥ Iq-Sp-X¬ D-d-®p. ]p-Xp-Xm-bn ]-e-cpw C-kvemw kzoI-cn-®p. D-_v-J-bp-sS Im-c-h≥ h-∂-W-™ B Xm-hfw C-kv-em-an-s‚ B-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ s]-´ H-cp ]-´- W-am-°n am-‰m≥ A-t±-lw Xo-cp-am-\n-®p. \-K-c-Øn- \p in-e-bn-´p. Im-c-h≥ h-∂-W-™ C-S-sa-∂ A¿- ∞-Øn¬ B \-K-c-Øn-\v ssJ-dp-hm≥ F-∂v t]- cn-´p. A-dn-hn-s‚-bpw `-‡n-bp-sS-bpw \-K-c-am-°n Cu \m-Sn-s\ \o am-‰-W-ta... A-√m-lv! F-∂v D-Jv- _ {]m¿-∞n-®p. A-ß-s\ ssJ-dp-hm≥ \-K-cw hf¿-∂p. A-dn-hn-s‚ ]-´-W-am-bn. a-°, a-Zo-\, Jp-Zvkv F-∂n-h I-gn-™m¬ C-kvem-an-s‚ \m-em-a-sØ \-K-c-am-bn ssJ-dp-hm≥ am-dn. am-en-In a-Zv-l-_n-s‚ B-ÿm-\w A-hn-sS-bmbn. A-hn-sS\n-∂v ⁄m-\-]p-jv-]-߃ hn-S¿-∂p tem-I-am-sI ]-cn-a-fw ]-c-Øn. C-tX D-Jv-_-Øp _n≥ \m-^nC¬-^n-Jvcn(d)bp-sS k-¥m-\ ]-c-ºc-bn¬ s]-´ ^m-Xzn-a ^n-Jvcn F-∂ ]-fin-X h-\nX ssJ-dp-hm-\n¬\n-∂v sam-tdm-t°m-bn-se s^-  n¬ t]m-bn ssJ-dp-hm≥ bq-\n-th-gv-kn-‰n ÿm-]n- ®p. tem-I N-cn-{X-Øn-se B-Zy-sØ bq-\n-th-gv-kn- ‰n.(C-_v-\p A-ko¿: A¬ Im-an¬ 2/128, C-_v-\p I-ko¿: A¬-_n-Zm-b 8/237, Xz-_-cn: Xm-co-Jp¬ Da-an: 3/210, Z-l-_n: Xm-co-Jp¬ C-kvemw 5/189)