ASTM Committee C28 Advanced Ceramics

Nanomechanics Workshop, January 27, 2008 ,Daytona Beach, FL

ASTM Committee C28
Advanced Ceramics

An Overview

Stephen T. Gonczy

C28 Chairman

Gateway Materials Technology, Inc. Mt. Prospect, IL
Tel: 847-870-1621 E-Mail:[email protected]

6
Jan-08

OUTLINE

ASTM C28

• Scope and History

• Organization and Status PW-119-PW100 Engine for F22
• Why Standards? with Thrust Diverters

• The ASTM Standards Process

• ASTM - Electronic Information Initiatives

• New C28 Work Efforts in Ceramic Applications

• Summary

7
Jan-08

ASTM Mission

To be the foremost developer and provider of
voluntary consensus standards, related
technical information, and services having
globally recognized quality and applicability
that:

• promote public health and safety, and the overall quality of
life;

• contribute to the reliability of materials, products, systems
and services;

• facilitate international, regional, and national commerce.

8
Jan-08

C28 Advanced Ceramics Committee

C28 Scope --The promotion of
knowledge, stimulation of
research, and the development
of standards (classifications, specifications,
nomenclature, test methods, guides, and
practices) relating to processing, properties,
characterization, and performance of advanced
ceramic materials.

9
Jan-08

History of C28

• Mid 80s -- The crest of the advanced ceramics
technology wave!!

− High temperature structural applications in
aerospace, automotive, energy-production,
electronics, wear/abrasion, and environment
control.

• Standards were needed for advanced ceramics, but this was
outside the scope ASTM C21-Whitewares and
ASTM C8 Refractories

1986 - ASTM C28 Advanced Ceramics was established

2008 - Over 40 advanced ceramic test standards
developed and published in ASTM Vol 15.01. 10

Jan-08

C28 Membership and Organization

Committee Membership -- 97 Members (Jan 2008)

− Industry, Government, Academic, International (24%)

• Seven Technical Subcommittees

− C28.01 - Mechanical Properties – 17 Standards
− C28.02 - Reliability – 6 Standards
− C28.03 – Physical Properties –6 Standards
− C28.04 – Ceramic Applications –2 Standards
− C28.07 - Ceramic Composites – 11 Standards
− C28.91 - Terminology – 1 standard
− C28.94 – ISO TAG TC206

• Four Administrative Subcommittees

− C28.90 - Executive Committee
− C28.92 - Awards
− C28.93 – Education and Outreach
− C28.95 – Long Range Planning

11
Jan-08

C28 Advanced Ceramic Standards - Today

Monolithics Composites

C 1161 Flexural strength C 1421 Fracture C 1468 C 1557
C 1211 Flexural strength (High Temp) Toughness Tensile strength
C 1368 Slow Crack Growth (Dynamic Fatigue) and Elastic modulus
C 1465 Slow Crack Growth (High Temp) C 1275 Tension strength C 1358
C 1576 Slow Crack Growth (Stress Rupture) C 1359 Tension strength (High Temp) Tension Compression
C 1684 Flexural strength (Rods) Trans thickness
C 1337 Creep, Creep Rupture

C 1360 Cyclic fatigue

C 1322 Fractography C 1469 Joint strength C 1341 Flexure strength C 1292 Shear strength C 1624 Coatings –
C 1678 Fracture C 1425 Shear strength (High T.) Scratch Adhesion
C 1424 Mirror
Compression Powders NDE and Design
C 1326 Knoop hardness
strength C 1327 Vickers log σ -1/m
hardness
C 1273 Tension strength C 1212 Seeded voids
C 1366 Tension strength (High T.) log VE C 1336 Seeded inclusions
C 1291 Creep, Creep Rupture C 1683 Weibull
C 1361 Cyclic fatigue Scaling

C 1251 Particle size, BET Guide C 1239 Weibull
C 1274 Particle size, BET
C 1282 Particle size, Centrifugal Sed.

C 1499 C 1198 Elastic Modulus C 1470 C 1175 NDE Guide C 1331 Ultrasonic velocity
Biaxial - continuous Thermal Guide C 1332 Ultrasonic attenuation
strength
C 1259 Elastic modulus C 1494 C, N, O in silicon nitride Terms, Workshops, Education
- impulse

C 1323 C-ring C 1495 Grinding C 1525 Thermal shock Subcommittees STP 1201 Life Prediction C 1145 Terminology
strength .01 Mech. Prop. And Performance STP 1309 Composites
.02 Reliability STP 1392 Composites 12
.03 Physical Prop. + Performance STP 1409 Fracture
.04 Applications Jan-08
.05 Char. And Processing ( - 2004)
.07 Ceramic Matrix Composites
.91 Terminology
.94 ISO TAG

Definition of a Test Standard

ASTM Standard Test Method -- a concise description of an

orderly procedure for determining a property or constituent of a
material, an assembly of materials, or a product.

• Includes all the essential details as to apparatus, test specimen, procedure, and
calculations needed to achieve satisfactory precision and bias.

• Represents a consensus as to the best currently available test procedure for the
use intended

• Supported by experience and adequate data obtained from cooperative tests.

GENERAL OUTLINE • Sampling, Test Specimens and
• Scope Test Units
• Referenced Documents
• Terminology • Preparation of Apparatus
• Summary of Test Method
• Significance and Use • Calibration and Standardization
• Interferences
• Apparatus • Conditioning
• Reagents and Materials
• Hazards • Procedure

• Calculation or Interpretation of
Results

• Report Requirements

• Precision & Bias 13
• Keywords Jan-08

Testing and Measuring

Why Test and Measure??

For material and structural development
Design data
Product characterization and quality control
Engineering/ production specifications
Failure Analysis

If you can’t test and measure it accurately
and reliably, you can’t control it.

The challenge is to develop consensus-based tests
that we all can use with confidence and reliability
within our producer-user-research community.

14
Jan-08

WITHOUT STANDARDS !!!!

AT BEST!!!

− Confusion over terminology, test
procedures, protocols, and data
requirements.

− Conflicting and/or incomplete data
comparison

− Multiple test requirements from
multiple users and developers.

AT WORST!!!

− BAD TESTS with invalid, unreliable,
irreproducible, and incomplete property
data.

15
Jan-08

BENEFITS OF STANDARDS

Technical Benefits Market Benefits
• Accurate/complete test methods • Reduce testing redundancy,

for broad use increase efficiency, and
• A common terminology reduce costs in development
• Tests support critical material • Speed the transition of new
materials from laboratory to
and/or application performance commercial markets
criteria • Support the establishment
• Well-defined formats and of a strong, stable supplier
complete requirements for data base
exchange • Assist in the establishment
• Broadly accepted means of of high quality products
benchmarking new materials
and processes 16
• A basis for design codes, QC Jan-08
requirements, and regulatory
action

2007 Delivery of “Top 20” Ceramic Standards

ID Title #

C1421 Fracture Toughness 50

C1161 Flexure Monolith- Ambient 49

C1259 Impulse Modulus 30

C1624 Coatings Scratch Adhesion 27

C1273 Tensile 26

C1239 Weibull 25

C1322 Fractography 22

C1499 Biaxial 20

C1470 Thermal Properties 20

C1198 Resonance Modulus 19

C1327 Vickers Hardness 18

C1211 Flex HiTemp 17

C1424 Compression 16

C1557 Fiber Strength 16

C1341 Flex Composites 15 All C28 standards
C1326 Knoop Hardness 14 in 2007 = 561
C1368 SCG CSR 13 downloads
C1525 Thermal Shock 13

C1576 SCG CS 13 17
C1495 Surface Grinding Effects 10 Jan-08

The ASTM Standards Process

A defined and regulated volunteer process with --

1. Extensive guides, formats, and methods for standards
development.

2. A defined procedure for reaching consensus.
3. Requirements for precision and bias determination.
4. Three levels of technical reviews/ballots.
5. Formal documentation.
6. Quadrennial reviews and reballots.

How long does it take to publish a standard?

Progress depends entirely on the urgency of the need, the complexity
of the job, and the amount of time committees devote to the work.

The time frame for developing a standard ranges from less than six
months to two years or more.

18
Jan-08

The ASTM Standards Process

1. Requirements and Draft Process

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3. Publication & Review Process 19
Jan-08
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ASTM - Electronic Information Initiatives

• Standards published in both print and CD.
• On the ASTM WEB site

− Search for standards by title, scope, and keywords
− Order standards on the WEB with delivery by immediate

download, FAX, or regular mail.
− Online subscriptions for standards and journals
− Alert Service for new publications
− Membership applications and renewals.
− Search for laboratory services and consultants
− Search technical publications by keywords

Committee Activities and WEB Interactions

• Electronic Balloting

• Committee minutes, agendas, and schedules on the WEB.

• Interactive standards development forums on the WEB.

• Templates, tools, and rules on the WEB. 20
Jan-08

2004 -- A New C28 Subcommittee
C28.04 Advanced Ceramic Applications
Scope: To develop standards (including
guides, specifications, practices, test
methods) for various engineering applications
of advanced ceramics.

Areas of Interest and Task Groups:

• Fuel Cells • Porous Ceramics
• Nanoceramics • Coatings
• Electronics • Armor
• Sensors/Actuators • Thermal Management

21
Jan-08

C28.04 Advanced Ceramic Applications

Current Standards

• Flexure Testing of Ceramic Honeycombs
• Scratch Adhesion Testing of Ceramic Coatings
• Diametral Compression of C- Rings

Current Work Efforts and Areas of Interest

• Button Configuration Fuel Cell Test
• Photocatalytic Ceramic Coatings
• Nanomechanics
• Thermoelectric Properties of Ceramics

22
Jan-08

Situation and Opportunity

The Situation – Multiple sources, users, and

researchers with no consensus on how to test
and characterize mechanical properties at the
nano and micro scale --

“Everyone tests and reports differently”

• Opportunity -- A comprehensive, verified set of

test standards for US and global use

− supported by researchers, equipment manufacturers,
testing laboratories, and academia

− Sponsored and published by ASTM (C28 advanced 23
ceramics committee) Jan-08

Summary

Why the C28 Committee??

• A proven record of productivity,
effectiveness, and speed in
publishing accurate and complete
test standards for advanced ceramics
(+40 standards in 20 years)

• Over 95 members from the advanced ceramics
community around the globe, representing
producers, users, government labs, and academia.

• A well-defined and effective process for standard
development, publication, and maintenance.

• A new initiative on performance-oriented ceramics

(nanoceramics, porous ceramics, fuel cells, armor,

sensors, etc.) 24
Jan-08