BACIS PRINCIPLES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT

BASIC EDUP3023
PRINCIPLES OF

CHILD
DEVELOPMENT

AUNI SYAZWANI BINTI FAUZI

DEFINITION OF DEVELOPMENT

Definition:
• Development refers to

qualitative and
quantitative changes.
• It may be defined as a
progressive series of
orderly, coherent change

Principles of
Child

Development

Development Proceeds from General to Specific

• Development progresses from a beginning point moving in a forward
direction

• Just as growth of an infant proceeds from the top down and from the
center of the body to limbs, development of behavior and skills moves
from general to specific

• Development continues in the smaller muscles in the finger and toes,
and results in the ability of the fingers to grasp objects and the toes to
help with balance when standing and walking

Development Continues throughout Life

• The changes that are controlled by the developmental process are orderly and tend to occur in an
unvarying sequence

• Everybody can be expected to sit before standing, to stand before walking Havinghurst, (1952) .
• According to Havinghurst, each of the major periods of life involves some of the important physical,

cognitive, social and emotional tasks which are to be mastered at the proper and accepted developmental
stage of the whole life span.
• The rate of development also varies from child to child. Any two children born at the same time can be
expected to differ somewhat as to their height, weight or levels of sensory and motor development and so
on.
• The rate of development is also asynchronous, it varies as to different types of development, e.g.
emotional, social or language and concept development.

Development involves change

1. Development refers to qualitative and quantitative changes. It ,may be defined as
a progressive series of orderly, coherent changes

2. Types of change in development:
• The human being is never static. From the moment of conception to the time of

death, the person is undergoing changes
• At every age, some of the changes that occur during the development process

are just beginning, some are at their peak, and some are in the process of decline.

Early development is more critical than later development

• Since learning and experience play increasingly dominant roles in development as children
grow older, they can be directed into channels that will lead to good adjustment

• Early foundations quickly develop into habitual patters, they will have a lifelong influence on
children’s personal and social adjustments

• Contrary to popular belief, children do not outgrow undesirable traits as they grow older.
• It is sometimes desirable to make changes in what has been learned, the sooner the changes

are made, the easier it is for children and, consequently , the more cooperative they are in
making the changes

Development is the Product of Maturation and Learning

• Maturation is the unfolding of characteristic potentially present in the
individual that come from the individual’s genetic endowment

• Learning in the form of training can provide perfection, but controlling
the environment in such a way as to reduce opportunities to practice
may, on the other hand, retard development

• Learning is development that comes from exercise and effort. Through
learning children acquire competence in using their hereditary resources.

THANK
YO… U