BOARDGAME INSTRUCTIONS

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HOW TO PLAY THE GAME
By using the materials
provided in the box, follow
the instructions to learn how
translation process occur.

COMPONENTS INVOLVED IN
TRANSLATION OF MRNA

Identify small and large
ribosomal subunit, tRNA,
amino acids and mRNA.
Sort all components on the

board given.



Activation of amino acid step

• Match the amino acid with the correct

tRNA CLUE

Find out the complementary codon for
the anticodon carry by tRNA. By using
the correct codon, refer to the

GENETIC CODE TABLE to get your

amino acid

• Codons are trinucleotide units in

the mRNAs
• Anticodons are trinucleotides

forming a unit of genetic code in a
tRNA molecule, corresponding to a
complementary codon in mRNA
• Codon and anticodon are always

complementary

First step in TRANSLATION is

INITIATION

First step in TRANSLATION is

INITIATION

a) Take small ribosomal subunit and attach it to mrna
at 5’ end

b) Move your small ribosomal subunit and stop at start
codon (5’ aug 3’) in the p site

c) Bind initiator trna with amino acid methionine to
your start codon, aug

d) Bind the large ribosomal subunit to the mrna and
small ribosomal subunit

e) Translation initiation complex are formed



Now you are entering
ELONGATION phase

ELONGATION phase can be divide into 3 subphase
1. Codon Recognition
2. Peptide Bond Formation
3. Translocation

First step in ELONGATION is
CODON RECOGNITION

a) Identify the codon in A site
b) Choose the aminoacyl – tRNA that have the

anticodon which is complementary to the codon in
A site
c) Bind the aminoacyl – tRNA with the codon in the A
site

Anticodon at tRNA

Codon in mRNA

Second step in ELONGATION is
PEPTIDE BOND FORMATION

a) Join the amino acid in the P site with the amino
acid in the A site

b) Break the bond between the amino acid and tRNA
at the P site

Now the amino acid in the
P site already transferred
to the amino acid at tRNA

in the A site



Third step in ELONGATION is
TRANSLOCATION

a) Move the small and large ribosomal subunit ONE
codon ahead

Aminoacyl – tRNA
in the A site is

moved to the P site

b) At the same time, the empty tRNA in the P site is
moved to the E site and leave the ribosome.



Repeat step in Codon
Recognition, Peptide Bond
Formation and Translocation

Third phase in TRANSLATION

is TERMINATION

Now you are entering
TERMINATION phase

a) Your ribosome reach a stop codon on mrna in A
site.

b) Bind the release factor on your stop codon in
the a site.

c) Detach the polypeptide chain from the trna in
the p site (this process occur due to release
factor hydrolyse the bond betweem the trna in
the p site and the last amino acid of the
polypeptide chain).

d) The two ribosomal subunits and the other
component now can be dissociate.