Dewi SKS KSSR Selected Grammar Handbook (1)

KSSR dewDewi

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Selected Grammar Handbook (1)

Name :
Class :
School :
Teacher’s name :

By Teacher Dewi

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CONTENTS

1. Articles
2. Quantifiers
3. Pronouns
4. Adjectives
5. Adverbs
6.Prepositions
7. Conjunctions
8. References and Credits

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Articles

Articles ‘a’, ‘an’, and ‘the’ are
used to define a noun as

specific or unspecific. They
appear in front of a noun or an

adjective

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Where are the articles?

Sudirman bin Haji Arshad was born on 25th May 1954 in Temerloh, Pahang. He was the
youngest in his family of seven. His passion for singing and entertaining started at a
very young age. Sudirman is remembered for his specially made dress draped in the
Malaysia flag. His patriotic song ‘Tanggal 31’ is an inspiration to Malaysians. The song is
played in the media and sung by Malaysians on National Day. Sudirman also acted in a
Malay film ‘Kami’ in 1982. He passed away at a young age in 1992.

Adapted from KSSR English Year 6 Textbook

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Article ‘a’

The article ‘a’ is used before a singular and countable nouns.
The nouns are usually begins with a consonant letter namely
b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,y, and z. For example : a boy, a
cat, a fan, a house, a market, a witch, etc.

However, the rule doesn’t apply for words such as ‘unit’,
‘university’, and ‘uniform’. It is because these words are not
pronounced with vowel sounds.

Be careful when using the letters e, g, h, I, l, r, u, w, and y as their
spellings can represents both vowel and consonant sound.

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Article ‘an’

The article ‘an’ is used before a singular and countable nouns
too. The nouns are usually begins with a vowel letter, that is
a, e, i, o, and u. For instance, an apple, an elephant, an iguana,
an ostrich, an office, an ukulele, etc.
The rule however doesn’t apply for words such as ‘hour’,
‘honest’, ‘F’ and ‘one-wheel’. It is because they do not have
vowel sound when spoken.
For example :
Hey, Zana. I know you get an ‘F’ in Science test yesterday.
Please don’t be sad. I am sure you can get better grade next
time.

Article ‘the’ dewDewi

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The article the’ is used before a singular, plural, countable, or
uncountable noun.

We use ‘the’ to refer to:
1) specific person, thing, animal, or place.
For example:
a) Madam Ruzai is angry with the students.

b) The policeman had caught the thief.
2) someone or something unique
(one and only one).
For example:
a) The Prime Minister of Malaysia has a kind and caring personality.
b) The moon shines brightly tonight.

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We also use the article ‘the’ when we want to refer to someone or
something for the second time. Look at the example below:
Jimmy went to playground. (First time)
The playground is in front of her house. (Second Time)

There is an old woman selling fruits at the playground . (First time)
The old woman is once a nurse.(Second Time)

‘The’ is also used in front of a superlative adjective too. For Example:
Naurah is the smartest girl in her class.

The bungalow next to the pond is the most expensive in the area.

Can you identify where are the article ‘the’?

Zero article dewDewi

Please note that we can’t use any articles before a specific DRAFT
name of a person, diseases, meals, sports, cities and some
countries. Refer to the examples below:

1) I saw Naurah at the playground.
2) He was infected with COVID-19.
3) My family had dinner at Kam Ling Restaurant last week.
4) Matt likes to play tennis in the weekend.
5) Fui Ling celebrated Chinese New Year with her

family and friends.
6) Mom bought me Kit Kats this morning.
7) I live in Tawau.

Special case dewDewi

We can use ‘a’ and ‘an’ before some nouns that are countable and DRAFT
uncountable.
For example: light, noise, time.
a) The room is dark.

I need some lights here.
I need a light.
b) The boys make some noise.
4) Farhan makes a noise outside the classroom.

We can also use ‘some’ before a noun that is countable or
uncountable noun.
Example:
1) He asks for some rice.
2) He wants some chocolates too.

What is the correct article? dewDewi
A, an, the or zero article?
DRAFT
1. I want ____ apple from that basket.
2. ____ shop on the corner is closed today.
3. Miss Ling Ling speaks ____ Chinese.
4. I borrowed ____ pencil from your pile of pencils and pens.
5. One of the students said, "____ teacher is late today."
6. Naurah likes to play ____ squash.
7. I bought ____ umbrella to go out in the rain.
8. My daughter is learning to play ____ violin at her school.
9. Please give me ____ cake that is on the counter.
10. I lived on ____ Kuhara street when I first came to town.
11. Kuala Lumpur is the capital of ____ Malaysia.
12. My husband's family speaks ____ Arabic.
13. ____ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
14. ____ ink in my pen is red.
15. Our neighbors have ____ cat and ____ dog.

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Quantifiers

Quantifiers are used to
describe the quantity or the
a‘mmaonuyn’,t‘soofmnoe’u, n‘sse.vTehreal’w, ‘oarldost

of’, ‘a little’, etc. are
quantifiers. Where do we put
the qunaonutnif,ieorfsc? oInurfrsoen. t of a

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Where are the quantifiers?

My name is Mary and I am an architect. I get up every morning and have some
cereal for breakfast. I also have a can of coke. I drink too much coke but I
really like it. For lunch I have a sandwich but I also eat a lot of fruit. I don’t do
enough exercise but I try to jog several times a week. For dinner I usually have
pasta or salad. My brother is called Tim and he works in an office. He doesn’t
take breakfast in the morning but he has plenty of salad and a glass of orange
juice for lunch. He does a lot of exercise and goes to the gym everyday but he
eats too much cakes. He works very hard and sometimes he would just had
sandwich for dinner. I don’t think he gets enough sleep.

Adapted from https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/grammar/much-or-many/healthy-eating-and-quantifiers/18494

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Pronouns

Pronouns are words that replace
nouns. We use pronouns to avoid
us repeating the same nouns over

and over again.

There are many types of pronouns:
Personal Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns
and Interrogative Pronouns

Pronouns dewDewi

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A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun.
Similar to Nouns, pronouns can play role, both as a subject

and an object

Subject Verb Object - Complement

Lily and her friends played ping pong.
They played it yesterday.
are going to London.
My family and I will go there by aeroplane.
We
had lunch.
Naurah ate it with her mom.
She

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Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns are short words used to represent people or
things. The personal pronouns are I, you, he, she, it, we, and they.

For example:
a) Millie has a pet dinosaur.
b) She names it Momo.
c) Naurah ate breakfast this morning.
d) She ate in in the kitchen.
e) I am eleven years old.
f) I live in Taman Sing Sing.
g) Naurah and Roy are good friends.
h) They like to play online games together.

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Where are the Personal
Pronouns?

We visited the planetarium in the city. When we got there, a man showed us
where to leave our coats and backpacks. A special guide explained the tour to
us. I learned many new things. For example, I didn’t know our solar system
was so big. We counted many planets. Toward the end of the tour, the guide
invited me to visit the planetarium again. I will definitely come back someday.
We collected our things and went back to school. I asked friends to name a
favorite planet. Mine is Saturn because of its many rings. The teacher wants
us to do reports on the planets. I want to report on the planet Saturn, but so
does Fifi. We decided to work together on the report.

https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/grammar/personal-pronouns/finding-pronouns-text/19304

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Possesive Pronouns

Aubsuepesloodusnaasglteliynsthsagiefvoteeernrppdaroovosnesfoerabsussnpeioshnnsrtaeh. snoIetcw.iess,
tMheinires,ayroeuprso,shsiess, shieversa, dojuercstiavneds.

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Possesive Adjective

A possessive adjective are used
to show possession or

ownership of something.
My, your, his, her, its, ou
r and there are possessive

pronouns.

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What’s the difference?

Possesive adjectives Possesive Pronouns
Possessive adjective + noun Possessive pronouns + no noun
my This is my book. mine This book is mine.
your Is this your umbrella? yours Is this yours?
his He lent me his jacket. his This isn’t my jacket. It’s

her I borrowed her car. his.
its Do you like my doll? hers The car is hers.
These are her clothes.
our A lot of our friends came We avoid using ‘its’ alone
to our party. as possessive pronouns.
their Their house is lovely ours This car is ours.

theirs That house is theirs.

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What are the correct possessive pronouns
or possessive adjective?

1. We bought that house last year. It its __________.
2. This car belongs to Mr. and Mrs. Chua. It is __________.
3. This book is _________. It has my name on it.
4. Excuse me. This phone is __________. You forgot to take it with you.
5. Her sister drew the poster. It’s __________.
6. This airpod belongs to me. It is __________.
7. The boy likes __________ new haircut.
8. Sherry and Emma play with __________ friends.
9. Whose car is that? Is it __________? No, it’s not __________. It’s my brother’s.
10. We have three hats. These are __________ hats.

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Reflexive Pronouns

A reflexive pronoun is used to
show that the action of the verb
affects the person who performs
the action. In another word, it
means that the subject and the

object of a verb is the same
person.

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Reflexive pronouns usually end
with –self or – selves as it can be
used in either singular or plural
forms. However, you can be used
in both singular and plural form.

Myself, youself, himself, herself,
itself, ourselves, yourselves and
themselves are reflexive pronouns.

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Try this out

1. Zil and Zira did the project all by __________.
2. Adam hurt __________ while cutting the

cucumber.
3. The computer will turn __________ off when it is

not being used.
4. Make sure you clean __________ up after your

hockey practice.
5. Julie went to the clinic __________.
6. Do you boys think you can handle this

__________?

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Relative Pronouns

‘People who vandalise are called vandals’.
The word in bold is called relative
pronouns.

It is used to join sentences. They replace
the nouns and the other pronouns.

Who, whom, whose, which, that, where,
and when are relative pronouns.

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For example: /https://7esl.com/relative-pronouns

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Try this out

1. To __________ do we have to pay the school fee?
2. This is the woman ___________ has twelve cats.
3. The dog found a tennis ball __________ was yellow and
orange.
4. The lady _________ lives in the house alone is having a
party this weekend.
5. Could you tell me ________ way we should go?

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Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronoun takes place of a noun or noun phrase that has
already been mentioned.

We use demonstrative pronoun to show how near and how far the
object of a sentence is.
For Example:

- This is a nice shirt. (singular object/ near)
- These are my shirts. (plural objects/ near)
- That man is my brother. (singular object/ far)
- Those rabbits there are mine. (plural objects/ far)
- These are my books. (plural objects/ near)

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Try this out

1. Is __________ my drink?
2. __________ aren’t my shoes.
3. __________ are their new bikes.
4. __________ is my house.
5. __________ are donkeys.
6. What is __________?
7. Hey, did you drop __________ here?

Interrogative Pronouns dewDewi

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https://learnenglishwithafrica.com/short-story-level-b1-b2-outbound-interrogative-pronouns/

1. What will you wear tonight?
2. Whose car is that?

3. Which is her pet, the cat or the hamster?
4. Who is the boy wearing the green shirt?

5. Whom are you giving this gift to?

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Adjectives

Adjectives are words to describe a noun such as
people, things, animals, plants, places, buildings and

opinion.
A noun can be described using one or more adjectives.

For example :-
A long skirt.
We ordered two tasty square chocolate cakes for the
birthday party.
Adjectives help us to get a fuller picture of the things
we are talking or writing about.

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https://www.pinterest.com/pin/751186412821338716/

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https://www.pinterest.cl/pin/850335973369892412/

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Comparative Adjective

Comparative adjectives are used to
compare one noun to another noun.
Only two items are being compared.

There are three degrees of
comparisons.

Positive, comparative and superlative.

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Superlative Adjective

Superlative adjectives are used to compare three or
more nouns. It is also used to describe the object that

is at the highest or lowest limit of the group.
For example:

a) She is the shortest girl in our class.
b) This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
c) You look less tired if you put on some make up.

d) Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack
better.

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For example:

a) The pool is as deep as the ocean.
(positive degree)
b) My brother is taller than me.
(comparative)
c) His bag is more expensive than Zul’s.
(comparative)
d. The deepest ocean in the world is Pacific
Ocean.
(superlative)

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https://smackslide.com/slide/comparative-and-superlative-adjectives-bwkhu2

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https://www.pinterest.com/pin/712342866041914875/

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https://test-english.com/explanation/a2/comparative-superlative-adjectives-adverbs/

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Adverb

Adverbs are words to describe
how something happens. They
modify the verbs, adjectives, and

the other adverbs.
There are three types of adverbs:

Adverbs of time, adverbs of
manner, adverbs of frequency and

adverbs of degree.

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How to use adverb?

Adverbs perform a wide of functions. However, it is easy to identify an adverb in a sentence.
The word is usually end with –ly.

To help you fully understand with adverbs, ask yourself with these questions.
1) When? Mimi arrives at work late.
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Time

2) How? Mimi always arrives at work late.
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Frequency
3) In what way? He drives carefully.
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Manner

4) To what extent: He drives very slowly.
Type of adverbs : Adverb of Manner.

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Adverbs of manner

It tells us how the action is done. Adverb is formed by adding –ly to the
adjectives. For example:
He swims well.
He ran quickly.
She spoke softly.

James coughed loudly to attract her attention.
He plays the flute beautifully. (after the direct object)
He ate the chocolate cake greedily. (after the direct object)

The birds flew swiftly.
He quickly drank the water.

I laughed nervously.
She read the letter carefully.

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https://englishgrammarhere.com/adverbs/adverbs-of-manner-list-and-example-sentences/

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Adverbs of Time

Adverb of time tells us something happen, something is
going to happen, or something had happened. It talks about
the past, the present and the future. It may also tell us the

duration of an action.
Study the following examples.
a) Fifi went to the gym yesterday. She had to work the day
before. Last week she was on vacation.
b) Hisham’s family will go on vacation soon. Next month
they go to Sri Lanka. Then they will go to Italy.

More example: dewDewi

Sang Kancil went to the crocodile’s DRAFT
house yesterday.

I'm going to tidy my bedroom tomorrow.
I saw Fatihah today.
I will call you later.
I have to leave now.

I saw that movie last year.
Andy have prepared the meal already.

I will be back soon.
Noreen haven’t sent a message to her

mother lately

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https://englishgrammarhere.com/?s=adverbs+of+time

Adverbs of frequency dewDewi

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Adverb of frequency tells us how often we do something.

For example:

Nadia always wear a mask before going out.
They usually went to zoo in weekends.
My father often forgets my birthday.

He sometimes wakes up in the middle of the night.
I rarely drink milk in the morning.
You hardly ever say you love me.
She never goes out at night.

My husband sometimes goes to work by Grabcar.
I used to live in London for three years.

She was once a dancer before she became a teacher.

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https://englishgrammarhere.com/adverbs/adverbs-of-frequency-using-and-examples/

Adverbs of degree dewDewi

The fence is very high. DRAFT
The dog cannot jump over it.
The fence is too high for it to jump over.
The words very and too are called the adverbs of
degree. They are used to answer the question –
how much and to what extend something is done.
Very, too and enough are adverbs of degree.

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Where is the adverb of frequency?

Vijay’s brother fell during a race. He hurt his
legs and arms. He was too weak to stand
up and walk. The doctors advised him to
take a rest at the hospital because he was
very weak to go home. After two weeks,
Vijay’s brother was well enough to go to
school again.

Adapted from English Year 5 SK textbook