Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING (CSC134)
Learning ObjecDves • AGer compleDng this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Define the term, computer, and describe the rela7onship between data and informa7on. 2. Describe the five components of a computer. 3. Differen7ate among types, sizes, and func7ons of computers in each category 4. Describe the uses of computer in society. 5. Explain the parts of an informa7on system: people, procedures, soFware, hardware, data, and the Internet. 6. Discuss your future, careers and opportuni7es in informa7on technology. 2
A World of Computers • Computers are everywhere : at work, at school, and at home 3
Today’s Technology • Because technology changes, you must keep up with the changes to remain digitally literate • Computer literacy, or Digital literacy involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile devices, the web, and related technologies 4
Learning ObjecDve #1 • AGer compleDng this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Define the term, computer, and describe the relaDonship between data and informaDon. 2. Describe the five components of a computer. 3. Differen7ate among types, sizes, and func7ons of computers in each category 4. Describe the uses of computer in society. 5. Explain the parts of an informa7on system: people, procedures, soFware, hardware, data, and the Internet. 6. Discuss your future, careers and opportuni7es in informa7on technology. 5
What is a Computer? • A computer is an electronic device, opera7ng under the control of instruc7ons stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use. • InformaDon processing cycle is the series of input, process, output, and storage ac7vi7es. 6 Collects data (input) Processing Produces informaDon (output)
What is a Computer? • Computers process data into informa7on. Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 7 Data is a collec7on of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. InformaDon conveys meaning and is useful to people.
What is a Computer? Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 8
Learning ObjecDve #2 • AGer compleDng this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Define the term, computer, and describe the rela7onship between data and informa7on. 2. Describe the five components of a computer. 3. Differen7ate among types, sizes, and func7ons of computers in each category 4. Describe the uses of computer in society. 5. Explain the parts of an informa7on system: people, procedures, soFware, hardware, data, and the Internet. 6. Discuss your future, careers and opportuni7es in informa7on technology. 9
The Components of a Computer Hardware SoGware Computer 10
The Components of a Computer • A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware 11 Input Device • Allows you to enter data and instruc7ons into a computer Output Device • Hardware component that conveys informa7on to one or more people • Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data System Unit • Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media Storage Device • Enables a computer to send and receive data, instruc7ons, and informa7on to and from one or more computers or mobile devices CommunicaDons Device
The Components of a Computer 12
Computer SoGware • SoGware, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them 13 System SoGware • Opera7ng system • U7lity program ApplicaDon SoGware • General-purposed • Specialized • Apps
Computer SoGware • Installing is the process of seYng up soFware to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware. 14
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Advantages of Using Computers Speed Reliability Consistency Storage Communica7ons Disadvantages of Using Computers Health Risks Viola7on of Privacy Public Safety Impact on Labor Force Impact on Environment 15
Advantages of Using Computers 16 data, instruc7ons, and informa7on flow along electronic Speed circuits in a computer at incredibly fast speeds. Reliability dependable and reliable because they rarely break or fail. produce the same results — consistently, generate error- Consistency free results store enormous amounts of data and make this data Storage available for processing any7me it is needed. computers can communicate with other computers, oFen wirelessly, and allow users to communicate with one another. CommunicaDons
Disadvantages of Using Computers 17 not protected properly, individuals have found their privacy violated and iden77es stolen. ViolaDon of Privacy computer users have fallen vic7m to crimes commi_ed by dangerous strangers. Public Safety created an en7re industry with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the skills of millions of employees have been replaced by computers. Impact on Labor Force prolonged or improper computer use can lead to health injuries or disorders - computer addic7on and technology overload. Health Risks computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are deple7ng natural resources and pollu7ng the environment. Impact on Environment
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers • Green compuDng involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer • Strategies include: – Recycling – Regula7ng manufacturing processes – Extending the life of computers – Immediately dona7ng or properly disposing of replaced computers 18
Networks and the Internet • A network is a collec7on of computers and devices connected together, oFen wirelessly, via communica7ons devices and transmission media 19
Networks and the Internet • The Internet is a worldwide collec7on of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educa7onal ins7tu7ons, and individuals 20
Networks and the Internet • People use the Internet for a variety of reasons: 21 Communicate Research and Access InformaDon Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading Entertainment Download Videos Share InformaDon Web ApplicaDon
Networks and the Internet • A social networking Web site encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 22
Learning ObjecDve #3 • AGer compleDng this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Define the term, computer, and describe the rela7onship between data and informa7on. 2. Describe the five components of a computer. 3. DifferenDate among types, sizes, and funcDons of computers in each category 4. Describe the uses of computer in society. 5. Explain the parts of an informa7on system: people, procedures, soFware, hardware, data, and the Internet. 6. Discuss your future, careers and opportuni7es in informa7on technology. 23
Types of Computer Supercomputers Mainframe computers Midrange computers Personal computers 24
Types of Computers Computer Types Supercomputers Mainframe Computers Midrange Computers Personal Computers Mobile Computers & Mobile Devices Game Consoles Embedded Computers
Supercomputers • A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer – Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instruc7ons in a single second Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 26 • Page 25 • Figure 1-27
Mainframe Computers • A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously – occupy specially wired, air-condi7oned rooms and capable of great processing speeds and data storage Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 27 • Page 25 • Figure 1-26
Midrange Computers • A midrange computers or servers are computers with processing capabili7es less powerful than a mainframe computer yet more powerful than a personal computer. – controls access to the hardware, soFware, and other resources on a network – provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and informa7on 28
Personal Computers • A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage ac7vi7es by itself. • There are five types of personal computers: desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and wearables. 29
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Personal computer you can carry from place to place Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs Mobile Computer Compu7ng device small enough to hold in your hand Examples include smart phones and PDAs, ebook readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras Mobile Device 30
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Notebook computer Tablet PC Smart phones and PDAs E-book reader 31
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Handheld computer Portable media player Digital camera Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 32
Game Consoles • A game console is a mobile compu7ng device designed for single-player or mul7player video games 33
Embedded Computers • An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that func7ons as a component in a larger product. 34 Consumer Electronics • Mobile and digital telephones •Digital televisions • Cameras • Video recorders •DVD players and recorders • Answering machines Home AutomaDon Devices • Thermostats • Sprinkling systems • Security monitoring systems • Appliances • Lights Automobiles • An7lock brakes • Engine control modules • Airbag controller • Cruise control Process Controllers and RoboDcs • Remote monitoring systems • Power monitors • Machine controllers • Medical devices Computer Devices and Office Machines • Keyboards • Printers • Faxes • Copiers
Embedded Computers 35
Types of Computers 36
Learning ObjecDve #4 • AGer compleDng this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Define the term, computer, and describe the rela7onship between data and informa7on. 2. Describe the five components of a computer. 3. Differen7ate among types, sizes, and func7ons of computers in each category 4. Describe the uses of computer in society. 5. Explain the parts of an informa7on system: people, procedures, soFware, hardware, data, and the Internet. 6. Discuss your future, careers and opportuni7es in informa7on technology. 37
Examples of Computer Usage Home User • Personal financial management •Web access • Communica7ons • Entertainment Small Office/Home Office User • Look up informa7on • Send and receive e-mail messages • Make telephone calls Mobile User • Connect to other computers on a network or the Internet • Transfer informa7on • Play video games • Listen to music •Watch movies 38
Examples of Computer Usage Power User • Work with mul7media • Use industry-specific soFware Enterprise User • Communicate among employees • Process high volumes of transac7ons • Blog 39
Computer ApplicaDons in Society Educa7on Finance Government Health Care 40
Computer ApplicaDons in Society Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing 41
Learning ObjecDve #5 • AGer compleDng this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Define the term, computer, and describe the rela7onship between data and informa7on. 2. Describe the five components of a computer. 3. Differen7ate among types, sizes, and func7ons of computers in each category 4. Describe the uses of computer in society. 5. Explain the parts of an informaDon system: people, procedures, soGware, hardware, data, and the Internet. 6. Discuss your future, careers and opportuni7es in informa7on technology. 42
Elements of an InformaDon System Hardware •includes keyboard, mouse, display, system unit, tablets, smartphones, and other devices. SoGware •provides step-by step instruc7ons for computer hardware. Data •consists of unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images, and sounds. People •are end users who use computers to make themselves more produc7ve Procedures •specify rules or guidelines for computer opera7ons. Internet •allows computers to connect to people and other computers. 43
Elements of an InformaDon System 44
Learning ObjecDve #6 • AGer compleDng this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Define the term, computer, and describe the rela7onship between data and informa7on. 2. Describe the five components of a computer. 3. Differen7ate among types, sizes, and func7ons of computers in each category 4. Describe the uses of computer in society. 5. Explain the parts of an informa7on system: people, procedures, soFware, hardware, data, and the Internet. 6. Discuss your future, careers and opportuniDes in informaDon technology. 45
Careers in IT Webmaster • Develops and maintains websites and web resources SoGware Engineer • Analyzes users’ needs and creates applica7on soFware • Provides technical support to customers and other users Computer Support Specialist Computer Technician • Repairs and install computer components and systems • Prepares instruc7on manuals, technical reports, and other scien7fic or technical documents Technical Writer Network Administrator • Creates and maintains computer networks
A Look to the Future Using and Understanding Informa7on Technology browse the Web, communicate with others, locate Informa7on, etc. Internet & Web create professional looking documents, analyze massive amounts of data, create dynamic mul7media pages, and more. Powerful SoGware more powerful & robust, new technologies such as wireless networks & their impact to connect, equipment can be dynamic vs. essen7al features of devices remain unchanged Powerful Hardware need to be careful of the nega7ve poten7al effect. Security, Privacy & Ethics rely on quality and flexibility to stay compe77ve OrganizaDons fast paced era and rapid change Changing Times
Chapter Summary Basic computer concepts Components of computers Types of computers Uses of technology applica7ons in society Elements of informa7on system Career, opportuni7es, and future in IT.
References • Shelly, Gary B. and Misty E. Vermaat, Discovering Computers - Fundamentals 2012: Your Interac<ve Guide to the Digital World, Course Technology, Cengage Learning, 2012 • O’Leary, Timothy and Linda O’Leary, Compu<ng Essen<als 2014 – Complete Edi<on, McGraw Hill, 2013 49