SCIFA R 2021
Detection of a fish pathogen Aeromonas veronii using polyclonal
antibodies
Pattarawadee Phoophakdee, Maturada Chaisri and Siwaporn Longyant *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen, Aeromonas veronii, caused huge economic losses and
serious damage to the fish farming industry. An accurate and rapid diagnosis of
the disease contributes to the effective prevention of this type of bacterial
infection in fish. This research aimed to produce polyclonal antibodies specific to
A. veronii by using outer membrane protein extraction of A. veronii as an antigen
for mice immunization. By Western blotting assay, the polyclonal antibody was
able to immunoreactive specifically to A. veronii. Thus, the polyclonal antibody
is expected to be useful for the detection of the A. veronii infection in fish.
Keywords: Aeromonas veronii, Polyclonal antibody, Western blotting
34
SCIFA R 2021
Influence of culture medium on in vitro seed germination and
seedling development of orchids
Khanawut Thinkusumarn, Jirapa Sraking and Wittaya Pakum *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Recently, orchid population trends to decrease. In vitro seed propagation of
orchids is an alternative way for ex situ conservation. For establishing an orchid
conservation database, this study aimed to compare the influence of different
media (VW, MS and ½MS) on seed germination and seedling development of
five orchid species, Cleisostoma racemiferum (Lindl.) Garay, Corymborkis
veratrifolia (Reinw.) Blume, Pomatocalpa spicatum Breda, Phalaenopsis cornu-
cervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb.f., and Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. Seeds of five
species were cultured on different media for 12 weeks. The culture media showed
different results in seed germination and seedling development. In Cl.
racemiferum, VW could induce the highest percentage of germination (61.33%)
and induce seedling into stage 4. In Ph. cornu-cervi, VW could induce the highest
percentage of germination (74.00%). In Po. spicatum, MS could induce the
highest percentage of germination (53.16%). On the contrary, the three media
could not induce seed germination in Co. veratrifolia and Cy. aloifolium. The
result indicated that the culture media should be screened for orchid conservation
via in vitro seed propagation.
Keywords: Ex situ conservation, Orchid, Plant tissue culture
35
SCIFA R 2021
Antimicrobial activities of fungal crude extracts obtained from
mycelium and culture broth
Jutatip Fungklin, Niwana Wangsawat and Nuttika Suwannasai *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Fungi represent an interesting group known to produce a wide range of bioactive
compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial
activities of fungal crude extracts obtained from mycelium and culture broth by
determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum
bactericidal concentration (MBC). The antibacterial activities of crude extracts of
mycelium and culture broth from five different fungi, Lentinus squarrosulus
PP17-02, Microporus xanthopusPP17-17, Microporus sp. PP17-20, Pestalotiopsis
theae PP17-19 and Trametes elegans PP17-06, were evaluated against four
reference strains of Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Escherichia coli ATCC25922,
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853.
The results showed that all crude extracts from culture broth had antibacterial
activity against S. aureus, while all crude extracts from mycelium had
antibacterial activity against B. subtilis. No crude extracts from both culture broth
and mycelium could inhibit E. coli and P. aeruginosa at the highest concentration
of 10 mg/mL. Crude extract obtained from Microporus sp. PP 17-20 culture broth
exhibited the strongest activity against S. aureus with MIC and MBC values at
0.156 mg/mL followed by crude extract obtained from L. squarrosulus PP17-02
mycelium (MIC and MBC = 0.625 mg/mL). In addition, crude extract obtained
from L. squarrosulus PP17-02 mycelium showed the strongest activity against B.
subtilis with MIC and MBC values at 0.625 mg/mL. The results from this study
conclude that the extracts obtained from different sources of fungi contain
different antibacterial properties.
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Fungal metabolites, Lentinus, Microporus
36
SCIFA R 2021
Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characterization of
Enterobacteriaceae isolated from environment and food samples
Siriya Boonnak , Kanyarat Phimchaksaen and Pichapak Sriyapai *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae is a family of endemic pathogens mainly found in the
intestines that can cause diseases such as salmonellosis, a digestive tract infection.
Antibiotic resistance is developed in these bacteria by exchanging genetic
elements that control drug-resistance genes. The main mechanism for drug
resistance in these bacteria is the mutation at the active site of DNA gyrase and
topoisomerase IV. This allows the bacteria to break down the beta-lactam ring
structure, which is the main structure of beta-lactam antibiotics. Bacteria produce
extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes, which makes them resistant
to penicillin, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones. All drug resistance
mechanisms result in reduced drug efficacy. The purpose of this study was to
determine antibiotic susceptibility and drug-resistance genes on plasmid of the
Enterobacteriaceae group isolated from environment and food samples. Disc
diffusion assay was used to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of all sixty-one
isolates. These isolates were found to be resistant to third-generation
cephalosporins including ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftriaxone (CRO), cefpodoxime
(CPD), and cefotaxime (CTX) in 45.90%, 63.93%, 67.21%, and 65.57%,
respectively. E-test was used to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility. A double-disk
synergy test was developed to detect ESBL production in Enterobacteriaceae.
Thirty-five isolates were found to be positive. The results showed that ten, two
and one isolates had blaTEM, blaTEM with blaCTX-M-gr.9 and blaCMY-2 genes,
respectively.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance genes, Enterobacteriaceae, Extended- spectrum
β-lactamase, Third – generation cephalosporin
37
SCIFA R 2021
Kombucha beverage from coffee cherry pulp tea (cascara tea)
Jidapa Vanichpongpan and Walapa Lorliam *
Department of Microbiology. Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Kombucha tea has increased in popularity as a trendy health drink. It is obtained
from the fermentation of infused tea leaves with a combination of bacteria and
yeast in a symbiotic manner. The increasing number of health-conscious
consumers encourages the development of new kombucha beverages based on
plants and fruits. Cascara is an infusion beverage of dried coffee cherry pulp
prepared from a by-product of coffee production. It contains considerable
amounts of phenolic compounds and caffeine that have antioxidant activity. The
aim of this research is to produce kombucha based on cascara tea. The biological
activities of cascara Kombucha were evaluated during the fermentation process.
The potential benefits of the cascara kombucha product were determined,
including viable counts of acetic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts,
antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and antibacterial activity. The results
showed that the biological activities and pH of kombucha cascara with sugar
(KS) and kombucha cascara with honey (KH) were not significantly different.
Acetic acid bacteria drastically increased within 7 days to 12 days, leading to
the growth of 5.0-7.4x105 CFU/ml to 1.04x106 CFU/ml, respectively. As
observed, the yeast cells and lactic acid bacteria increased to 7.9-9.4x105
CFU/ml and 1.2-3.8x106 within 12 days, respectively. According to increasing
acetic acid production, pH values of cascara kombucha reduced to 3.1-2.8. The
result revealed that microorganisms in kombucha utilized sugar or honey as a
carbon source. However, additional research will be conducted to determine the
antibacterial, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in cascara kombucha.
Keywords: Cascara, Fermentation, Honey, Kombucha, Microorganisms, Scoby
38
SCIFA R 2021
Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus in household materials by
culture filtrate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02
Angkana Yoopom, Rasiyakapat Boonyangchanichkul and Siriruk Sarawaneeyaruk *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important infectious pathogen implicated in
foodborne diseases. S. aureus produces a wide variety of toxins including
staphylococcal enterotoxins, which are important causative agent of food
poisoning disease. Although the disease can be treated with antibiotics, the
indiscriminate use of antibiotics for treatment of S. aureus infections has been
suggested to be responsible for the appearance of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
The aims of this research were to study the prevalence of S. aureus on surfaces
of household materials and to assess the efficacy of the application of culture
filtrate obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02 in inhibition of S.
aureus isolated from household materials. Thirty-six isolates of S. aureus were
investigated for penicillin resistant characteristic. Sixteen out of thirty-six isolates
were resistant to 0.25 μg/mL penicillin. All penicillin resistant S. aureus isolates
were subjected to antimicrobial activity assay with SWUC02 culture filtrate. The
results showed that the SWUC02 culture filtrate was able to inhibit all S. aureus
isolates with inhibition zones of 1.0 – 2.0 mm. Additionally, the SWUC02 culture
filtrate was shown to reduce the growth of other bacterial on sink surface in
household kitchen.
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Bacterial culture filtrate, Penicillin resistance,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus
39
SCIFA R 2021
Biodegradable plastic degradation by co- culture of Actinomadura
keratinilytica (T16-1) and Laceyella sacchari (LP175) in shake flask
Didtawa Suttisak and Sukhumaporn Krajangsang *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Bioplastics are used to solve environmental problems. It can be degraded by
enzymes produced by various microorganisms. In previous reports, Actinomadura
keratinilytica T16- 1 and Laceyella sacchari LP175 were used to decompose
bioplastics, which have high biodegradation efficiency. However, there are a few
reports on the degradation of bioplastic by using co-culture. This work aimed to
study the bioplastic degradation by co-culture of T16-1 and LP175. An antagonistic
assay of T16- 1 and LP175 was demonstrated and showed that neither was
antagonistic. Then, study the bioplastic degradation of co- culture to degrade
under submerged and solid-state fermentation was evaluated. The results showed
that in the submerged fermentation process, PLA, PBS, PLA+ PBS, and
commercial plastic ( 20- 30% PLA content) degradation efficiency were 18. 29,
2.12, 8.79, and 3.51 %weight loss 14, 7.196, 2.28, and 0 U/ml of enzyme activity,
respectively at 45 ˚C, 150 rpm for 7 days. Moreover, in the solid-state fermentation
process, PLA, PBS, PLA+ PBS, and commercial plastic ( 20- 30% PLA content)
degradation efficiency were 9.78, 6.32, 8.03, and 7.31 %weight loss 1.68, 3.36,
0, and 6. 24 U/ ml of enzyme activity, respectively at 45 ˚C, 150 rpm for 7 days.
In conclusion, in co- culture, the submerged fermentation process has a higher
efficiency in degrading bioplastics than the solid- state fermentation process but
lower efficiency compared to monoculture T16-1 or LP175.
Keywords: Actinomadura keratinilytica T16-1, Biodegradation, Enzyme activity,
Laceyella sacchari LP175, %Weight loss
40
SCIFA R 2021
Optimization condition for Bacillus subtilis strain OK1101
production for the elimination of weedy rice
Dueanchai Unaha and Sukhumaporn Krajangsang *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Weedy rice is one of the major weeds in rice fields of Thailand that affect the
productivity and quality of cultivated rice because weedy rice is difficult to
eliminate and often contaminates to a rice field. Even though farmers use a
chemical treatment, elimination efficiency is very low and effect the farmers’
health. In the previous study, Bacillus subtilis OK1101 had the ability to
inhibit the growth of weedy rice. Thus, the purpose of the research is to apply the
B. subtilis OK1101 as a biological substance to eliminate weedy rice and optimize
bacterial cell production in a shake flask and fermenter level. The results of this
study on the optimal bacterial cell production conditions of B. subtilis OK1101 at
flask level showed that at pH 5 and 35 °C, the highest cell biomass content was
14.0831 g/L. Then further studies for bacterial cell production of B. subtilis
OK1101 at 5 L fermenter level was investigated. The maximum cell biomass
production was 17.9404 g/L at an agitation speed of 100 rpm. Moreover, 100 L
of sterrier fermenter was used for cell production. Cell biomass was obtained with
4.8719 g/L at 40 L of cultivation media at optimum condition and 100 rpm of
agitation speed.
Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, Optimization, Weedy rice
41
SCIFA R 2021
Mechanism of DNA repair by homologous recombination
Siraprapha Ratchatasomboon and Ponlkrit Yeesin *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a highly specific and precise DNA double
strand break repair process. In the Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, there
are many proteins that contribute to homologous recombination pathways, such
as AddAB, the protein complex that has been less studied. Presumably, it acts
like the RecBCD protein in Escherichia coli since the enzyme activity is quite
similar. It is known to cut the damaged zone, so that the RecA protein can then
perform strand invasion, which is the next step of HR. The aim of this research
was to study the mechanism of action of AddAB protein in conditions that cause
double strand DNA breaks. Researchers tested for susceptibility to antibiotics
Norfloxacin (the quinolone family) and Ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone group
Generation 2). Both drugs inhibit the activity of the enzyme DNA gyrase
(Topoisomerase family), thereby inhibiting DNA strand formation and inducing
DNA double strand breaks. The results showed that addA- and addB- strains of
Bacillus subtilis were more sensitive to both medications than the wild type. It
can be concluded that products derived from the addA and addB genes are
important for DNA strand repair.
Keywords: addA gene, addB gene, Bacillus subtilis, DNA repair, Homologous
recombination
42
SCIFA R 2021
Identify and select psychrotolerant yeast for use as starter cultures
in the fermentation step of wet processing
Poonyanuch Kotchasarn, Phongphan Chaichanan and Wanlapa Lorliam *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Yeasts contribute significantly to the coffee fermentation process by degrading
mucilage through the production of pectinase, acids, and alcohol. The
development of starter cultures is critical, and it is accomplished by selecting
microorganisms with specific characteristics, such as the ability to degrade
mucilage, tolerance to low temperatures, and the ability to sugar ferment, all of
which improve the sensory quality of the coffee. The purpose of this study is to
identify and select psychrotolerant yeast for use as starter cultures in the
fermentation step of wet processing. 21 isolates were isolated from Doi Pha Tang
and Doi Inthanon. Primary screening of psychrotolerant yeast from YM agar. The
results indicated that all strains were capable of growth at a temperatures of 10°C,
15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C. Isolates were grown on YM agar. All of the strains had
the ability to degrade mucilage. The ability of sugar fermentation to be tested in
glucose, sucrose, fructose, xylose, and galactose. Ten isolates showed the ability
to ferment with glucose, fructose and sucrose. Only YSK41 did not the ability to
ferment sugar. The results show that YSK39 was able to grow on YM agar at
10°C and it was able to ferment a lot of sugar. Psychrotolerant yeast YSK 39 was
suitable for use as starter cultures in the fermentation step of wet processing.
Keywords: Arabica coffee, Fermentation, Psychrotolerant yeast, Wet processing,
Yeast
43
SCIFA R 2021
An in vitro study of neuropathogenic fungi in neuroblastoma cells
(SH-SY5Y)
Tanyarat Pianmak 1, Nuttika Suwannasai 1 and Passanesh Sukphopetch 2*
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical medicine, Mahidol University,
Bangkok, 10400
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common tumor. The incidence of neuroblastoma
tumors is influenced by many factors such as age, stage of disease at diagnosis,
molecular cell characteristics, and tumor genetics. SH-SY5Y cells are often used
as an in vitro model for studying neuronal function and differentiation. In this
study, in vitro infections of neuropathogenic fungi i.e. Cryptococcus neoformans
and Scedosporium apiospermum were studied in neuroblastoma cells (SH-
SY5Y). SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium
(EMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin-
streptomycin. The cultured cells were infected with C. neoformans and/or S.
apiospermum to determine cell viability after staining with trypan blue. The
percentage of cell apoptosis was 96.08%. Moreover, cell morphology after
infections was examined under an inverted light microscope. After infection with
S. apiospermum, the rate of cell survival was 25.87 2.42 as determined using
MTT assay. Cell morphology was determined using mitochondrial staining to
characterize the green fluorescence of living cells. Infections caused by C.
neoformans and S. apiospermum induced SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis at 50.4% and
77.3%, respectively. In addition, zymography was performed to determine the
enzymatic activity of fungal matrix mettalloproteinases. The results revealed the
presence of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as determined using ab246539
Human MMP9 SimpleStep ELISA® Kit.
Keyword: Cryptococcus neoformans, Neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells,
Scedosporium apiospermum
44
SCIFA R 2021
Scale-up of Pichia kluyveri YML1-1 production for arabica coffee
fermentation in airlift fermenter
Pongsaphak Inta and Sukhumaporn Krajangsang *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Coffee is a beverage made by fermenting and roasting coffee beans. The quality
of the coffee beverages is often affected by chemical changes during the roasting
process and fermentation. At the present, microorganisms are used to ferment
coffee to control quality including enhancing the aroma and flavor of the coffee.
In our previous experiments, Pichia kluyveri YML1-1 showed the potential to
improve arabica coffee quality by co-culture with other strains of Pichia. Many
reports showed that the production of seed culture by airlift fermenter is quite
efficient due to complete aeration and low shear strength. Therefore, this study
focuses on the scaling-up of seed culture production for arabica coffee
fermentation in a 2 L airlift fermenter. The maximum cell mass (38.167 g/L) of
strain YML1-1 was obtained under the condition as follows: 60 g/L palm sugar,
5 g/L yeast extract, aeration rate at 0.5 vvm, pH 7, and cultivation at room
temperature for 24h. According to the optimal condition, the highest cell
production yield and productivity were achieved with 0.436 g/g and 1.090g/Lh,
respectively. Interestingly, strain YML 1-1 shows rapid growth in the airlift
fermenter and high productivity in a short time.
Keywords: Airlift fermenter, Arabica coffee, Pichia kluyveri YML1-1, Scale-up,
Seed culture
45
SCIFA R 2021
Biosafety investigation of Wickerhamomyces anomalus YWP1-3 for
use as starter culture in Arabica coffee production
Sanphet Phongsair, Phichaya Sawunkatut and Sukhumaporn Krajangsang *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world, also a major export and
a top agricultural export in many countries. Nowadays, farmers grow fewer
coffees due to the high cost of cultivation and production but low-quality coffee.
To improve the quality of coffee, microorganisms are a key factor in the
development of coffee products. Even though coffee is exposed to many
microbial risks during processing and production, there is currently an absence of
food safety data. The aim of this study was to investigate the biosafety of
Wickerhamomyces anomalus YWP1-3 for using as seed culture in Arabica coffee
production. We determined the antimicrobial susceptibility of W. anomalus
YWP1-3 against antibiotics including ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin,
kanamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and
vancomycin at 256 mg/L. Moreover, antimicrobial production against Escherichia
coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus
aureus ATCC25923 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 were examined. The
results showed that antibiotics did not affect and inhibit growth of W. anomalus
YWP1-3. Cell-free supernatant of W. anomalus YWP1-3 had no inhibition
activity against all tested bacteria. Moreover, there was no hemolytic activity on
blood agar. Thus, W. anomalus YWP1-3 might be safe and could be used as a
new starter culture to increase quality of the Arabica coffee production process.
Keywords: Antimicrobial susceptibility, Arabica coffee, Coffee fermentation,
Starter culture
46
SCIFA R 2021
Distribution of CD28 gene polymorphisms in Thai population
Naritta Ratri 1, Ponlkrit Yeesin 1 and Piyatida Tangteerawatana 2 *
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 28 (CD28), constitutively expressed on the majority of
T cells, is the primary T-cell costimulatory molecule and enhances T-cell
activation and proliferation. Polymorphism of CD28 promoter influences the
phenotypic expressions of CD28 among individuals and is subjected to the
genetic susceptibility study of many diseases. However, information about the
frequencies of CD28 gene polymorphisms in Thai population is limited. To
determine the distribution of CD28 polymorphisms in Thai population, 100
samples from unrelated healthy Thai volunteers was analysed by polymerase
chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.
The functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CD28 (position -
372G/A, IVS3 +17C/T) were included. In this study, the genotypic frequencies
of CD28 -372G/A were 50.0% (GG), 39.0% (GA) and 11.0% (AA). While the
genotype frequencies of CD28 IVS3 + 17T/C were 81.4% (TT) and 16.8% (TA).
The genotypic frequencies of CD28 -372G/A showed no statistically significant
difference to those of Mexican, Nigerian, African, American, Northeast Chinese,
Brazilian and South Africa. However, a statistically significant difference was
observed between the genotype frequencies found in this study and those of
Austria population. The genotype frequencies of CD28 IVS3 + 17T/C showed no
statistically significant difference to those of Chinese, Japanese, Polish, Finnish,
and Brazilian. Conversely, the results showed statistically significant difference
to those of Mexican, Turkish, Tunisian, Iranian and Germany. The distribution of
CD28 -372G/A and IVS3+17T/C polymorphisms in Thais were either similar or
difference from other published populations. This observation could provide
useful information for treatment and prognosis of diseases in the future.
Keywords: CD28 gene polymorphism, CD28-372G/A, CD28 IVS3+17T/C,
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Thai population
47
SCIFA R 2021
Correlation of medically important parasites and cockroach species
diversity in Srinakharinwirot University
Nilawan Yimpan 1, Panitsuta Choochuen 1, Nuttika Suwannasai 1, Apisit Thipaksorn 2,
Khuanchai Koompapong 3 and Kruawan Chotelersak 4*
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900
3 Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400
4 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Cockroaches are insects containing various pathogenic microbes. They can carry
these organisms in their legs, bodies, and intestines. Lophomonas blattarum was
reported in patient sputum, bronchial lavage, and pleural fluid. Up to date, this
protozoon was recognized as human respiratory tract pathogen. Interestingly,
Lophomonas spp. and Trichomonas spp. were known as commensal in
cockroach’s gut. The objective of this research is to study and identify the
medically important protozoa (L. blattarum) in cockroaches of Thailand.
Cockroaches were caught using bait-type traps containing cat food and dog food
pellets in a 2:1 ratio at the large canteen, Innovation Building canteen, and Mom
Luang Pin canteen of Srinakharinwirot University for a month from January to
February 2022. The morphological identification was classified as Blattella
germanica and Periplaneta americana in a 41:1 ratio. Parasites were studied
under the microscope by the wet-mount technique. Helminth eggs, protozoa,
flatworms, roundworms, and other parasites were discovered in a ratio of 1: 3:
11: 2: 24. In addition, protozoa that resemble L. blattarum were detected. The
species identification of medically important protozoa in the cockroaches
intestinal specimen were performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The
214-bp, PCR product of L. blattarum, was found in P. americana and B.
germanica at 66.7% and 30.8%, respectively. The results indicated that L.
blattarum is a normal microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of Thai cockroaches.
This study can be used as preliminary knowledge for further research on
respiratory tract diseases caused by L. blattarum.
Keywords: Blattella germanica, Bronchial lavage, Cockroaches, Lophomonas
blattarum, Periplaneta americana
48
SCIFA R 2021
Co-culture of Trichoderma asperellum and PGPR for enhancing
the antifungal activity against Pyricularia oryzae
Phacharaporn Pulphool 1, Benchawan Karin 1, Pisit Thamvithayakorn 1, Cherdchai Phosri 2
and Nuttika Suwannasai 1*
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom, 48000
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important economic crop in Thailand. One of the
most destructive rice diseases affecting yield and quality of rice is rice blast
disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae. This fungal pathogen can infect rice at any
stages from planting to harvesting. Nowadays, the use of biocontrol agents such
as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Trichoderma is more
popular and environmentally friendly than chemical use. The objective of this
study was to evaluate the efficiency of cell-free filtrate obtained from
Trichoderma asperellum and PGPR isolated from rice rhizosphere soil in
monoculture and co-culture against P. oryzae. The results revealed that the filtrate
of Bacillus sp. F43 and T. asperellum showed antifungal activity against fungal
pathogen as 44.44% and 14.81% inhibition, respectively, while the filtrate of co-
culture showed significantly higher inhibition up to 48.89% after 6 days’
incubation. The filtrate was then extracted with ethyl acetate and analysed by thin
layer chromatography. The result exhibited the different metabolic profile
between monoculture and co-culture. Therefore, the combination of Bacillus sp.
F43 and T. asperellum enhanced the production of metabolites involving in P.
oryzae inhibition. This study provides an effective source for the development of
biocontrol agent.
Keywords: Antifungal, Co-culture, PGPR, Rice blast
49
SCIFA R 2021
Optimization of seed culture production for arabica coffee
fermentation in shake flask
Phakkapon Thapjan, Wasunan Charoenwattanaphokaew and Sukhumaporn Krajangsang *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Arabica coffee is the most popular coffee species in Thailand. However, the
improper coffee fermentation process resulted in inconsistent coffee quality.
Therefore, the quality of coffee has been developed and improved by using
microorganism inoculum. Wickerhamomyces anomalus UV22-2 was implemented
in coffee fermentation due to the production of pectinase to digest coffee
mucilage and enhancement of the coffee aroma and flavor quality in our
previously studied. The objective of this study was to optimize seed culture
production based on the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and to investigate the
stability of pectinase production. The results showed that UV22-2 was stable up
to 9 generations. In addition, the optimum for seed culture production was
glucose and beef extract. The important five factors (glucose concentration, beef
extract concentration, temperature, pH, and % inoculum size) were analyzed by
statistical design. PBD demonstrated beef extract concentration, temperature, and
% inoculum size as significant factors for the maximum cell mass at 36 hours.
Besides, all factors influencing logCFU/mL at 36 hours were identified by PBD.
The optimization of seed culture production is an effective means to reduce
production cost and improve the Arabica coffee quality.
Keyword: Arabica coffee fermentation process, Optimization, Seed culture
production, Statistical design, Wickerhamomyces anomalus
50
SCIFA R 2021
Determination of root exudates factor affecting the inhibition of
weedy rice growth
Kotchakorn Yamsab and Ponlkrit Yeesin *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Weedy rice is the main problem affecting rice cultivation in Thailand. Weedy rice
with undesirable traits can inflict crop loss by reducing the yield and quality of
commercial rice. Currently, the solution is to use pesticides to eliminate weeds,
which is expensive and harmful to environment. Nowadays consumers are more
concerned with their health, thus demanding safe rice and free harmful residues.
Alternative way to control weed is to use biological control. Bacillus subtilis
OK1101 has been reported on its ability to control weedy rice. Moreover, it also
promotes the growth of commercial rice. The objective of this research was to
study the influence of B. subtilis OK1101 on the root exudates of weedy rice,
especially the plant growth regulator contents such as the abscisic acid (ABA).
We tested the hypothesis that the presence of B. subtilis OK1101 at the root of
the two rice cultivars influenced amount of ABA production. The commercial
rice (Oryza sativa) and the weedy rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) were raised from
seeds and then cultured with bacteria to determine the influence of the bacteria
on the root exudates. According to a previous report of growing OK1101 with
both rice cultivars, OK1101 was able to elicit growth inhibition of the weedy rice
but not the commercial rice. We expected that ABA content in weedy rice would
be higher than that of commercial rice, since ABA is known to inhibit growth of
plants which will be consistent with the previous report.
Keywords: Abscisic acid, Bacillus subtilis, Oryza rufipogon Griff., Oryza sativa
51
SCIFA R 2021
Screening of probiotics for the development of honey jelly gummy
formulation
Areeya Thinkrathok 1, Rossaporn Jiamjariyatam 2 and Wanlapa Lorliam 1*
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 10110
2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microbial food supplements that benefit consumer health by
improving the balance of bacteria in the intestinal tract. While probiotics are most
frequently found in dairy products, bakery, chocolate, and gummy candies. Jelly
gummies are nutritionally deficient, so adding nourishing and/or functional
matrices to these products is a challenge. The purpose of this study is to screen
probiotic bacteria isolated from fermented food, develop a honey gummy jelly
product containing probiotic bacteria and evaluate the survival of probiotic
bacteria in honey jelly gummies. Six lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional
fermented foods were screened for potential probiotic properties. The isolates
were evaluated for their ability to survive at pH 2.0 and in the presence of 0.3
percent bile salts, tolerant to simulated gastric and intestinal juices, hemolytic
activity, and antimicrobial activity. The results show that out of the 6 strains, 2
strains (SWU-EP 10-4 and HN1-5-2) had survival rates of 86.77% after 3 h of
incubation at a pH 2.0 and 83.42% after 3h of simulated gastric fluid (pepsin).
SWU-EP 10-4 and HN1-5-2 could resist 0.3% bile salt for 24 h with a survival
rate of 86.43 and 86.41%, respectively. For the safety evaluation of strains,
we determined the production of hemolysin. The results showed that 6
isolates exhibited negative hemolytic activity that could not digest red blood
cells (γ-hemolysis). In addition, 6 strains exhibited inhibitory activity against
Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. SWU-EP 10-4 and HN1-5-2 were both probiotic
strains that are suitable for the development process of a honey gummy jelly
product.
Keyword: Bile salts, Gastric fluid, Hemolysin, Honey jelly gummies, Probiotics
52
SCIFA R 2021
Screening of oleaginous yeast for lipid production using agro-
industrial waste
Boontharika Buasod, Paphada Khamchoo and Wanlapa Lorliam *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Microbial lipid production are the option to reduce fossil-based fuels and using
renewable raw materials is considered an alternative for biodiesel production. The
purpose of this study is to screen newly isolated oleaginous yeast by soil and test
the ability to utilize agro-industrial wastes. Eleven isolates were selected and the
morphology of their lipid bodies was studied. The molecular identification based
on the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA gene sequence showed that our isolates
are closely related to five species of oleaginous yeast. Six yeast strains that had
lipid content above 20% (w/w) when grown on a nitrogen-limited medium
(2G2M medium) were identified as Lipomyces starkeyi SWU-2, Lipomyces
doorenjongii SWU-6, Lipomyces tetrasporus SWU-18, Saitozyma podzolica
SWU-16, and Saitozyma podzolica SWU-22. The highest lipid yield and content
were achieved by L. doorenjongii SWU-17 (1.69 g/L) and S. podzolica SWU-16
(54.55 %w/w), respectively. In addition, five agro-industrial wastes (cascara,
parchment coffee, fresh coffee pulp, mangosteen peel, mangosteen peel extract
with ethanol) were hydrolyzed by using cellulase with 30 U/ml. The highest
reducing sugar was achieved by cascara and mangosteen peel hydrolysate with 5
g/L. L. doorenjongii SWU-17 and S. podzolica SWU-16 were evaluated the
growth using both hydrolysates. The results showed that 2 strains could grow and
produce lipids in cascara hydrolysate. However, this study expands the
possibilities for utilizing industrial wastes to produce microbial lipids and high-
value products.
Keywords: Lipid, Oleaginous yeast, Cascara, Hydrolysate, Agro-industrial waste
53
SCIFA R 2021
Screening of psychrophilic yeasts for improvement of arabica coffee
quality
Jirawan Polsen, Naruemon Pokongsong and Sukhumaporn Krajangsang *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Arabica coffee is a very popular coffee all over the world, including in Thailand.
It is widely planted in the northern areas. The most used coffee fermentation
process in northern Thailand is wet fermentation. Microorganisms are important
factors that affect the quality and flavor of coffee in the fermentation process. The
objective of this study was to study the diversity of low-temperature yeast from
the coffee production process and screen the potential isolates from coffee
fermentation process at The Royal Project at Mae La Noi, Mae Hong Son
province. All 64 isolates of yeasts were isolated from sample on Yeast malt agar
(YMA) medium, incubated at 20 °C and then tested for growth at 17 °C. It was
found that only 62 isolates were able to grow at 17 °C. Carbon source utilization
capacity was tested by using maltose, fructose, mannose, arabinose, lactose,
sucrose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, and glucose. The results showed that 14
yeasts isolated (21.88%) were able to use various carbon source. While, 2 yeasts
isolated (3.13%) were able to use a few type of sugar as carbon source.
Nevertheless, the growth of 3 isolated yeasts (4.68%) were the best grown in
mucilage broth. This is the first report to screen microorganisms from Arabica
coffee fermentation process by the combination of various properties and success
to improve the quality of coffee beverage.
Keywords: Arabica coffee, Fermentation, Microorganisms, Isolation, Yeast
54
SCIFA R 2021
Development of dog snack impregnated with probiotic bacteria
Pakamas Wongsanga and Onanong Pringsulaka *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a bacon snack that would serve as a probiotic
carrier for dogs. For this purpose, bacon slices were impregnated with
Lactobacillus sp. Pom1 and Limosilactobacillus (Li.) fermentum Pom5, dried
with convectional drying at 45C, packed in vacuum sealed plastic bag and then
stored in at 4C and 25C for 28 days. In addition, sodium alginate (SA) based
probiotic carrier edible films were also fabricated for improving the survival of
probiotics and extending the shelf-life. Samples of both coated with probiotics
and SA based probiotics were analyzed for pH, water activity, and probiotic
viability. Moreover, palatability of samples was evaluated. The water activity of
both conditions was being slightly increased but pH remained constant during
storage up to 28 days. The inoculation level of probiotics on coated and SA-
coated bacon slices was 7.6 and 7.98 log cfu/g and the population remained above
6 and 7 log cfu/g after stored for 28 days at 4C. Probiotic populations remained
at higher levels in the case of cold storage when compared to ambient
temperature. When comparing the bacterial viability of vacuum dried bacon slices
coated with probiotics vs SA based probiotics, it was discovered that the SA based
probiotics had a higher bacterial viability during in vitro simulated GI digestion.
There was no difference of palatability evaluation between vacuum dried
probiotic coated and uncoated samples. These findings suggest that probiotic-
enriched bacon slices could be a tasty dog snack and a good carrier of
Lactobacillus sp. Pom1 and Limosilactobacillus (Li.) fermentum Pom5
Keywords: Dog, Dried bacon slices, Impregnated, Probiotics, Snack
55
SCIFA R 2021
Detection of antibodies to enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16
in adult serum by virus neutralization assay
Boontharik Utthawang 1, Nanthawat Subsin 1, Prapakorn Tantayotai 1, Jarinee Tongshoob 2
and Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat 2*
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol
University, Bangkok, 10400
* Project Advisor E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an important health problem which
affects young children worldwide. It is caused by several serotypes of human
enteroviruses, most commonly enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16
(CA16). The disease symptoms are fever, sore throat, and rash on hands, mouth
and feet. Adults can be infected and pass the virus without showing any
symptoms. Therefore, it is interested to screen for antibody in healthy adults to
observe a rate of asymptomatic infection. To identify EV71 and CA16 antibodies
in adult sera, a microneutralization (microNT) assay experiment in vero cells was
conducted. The microNT test is used to detect the presence of antibodies that
prevent viral infectivity. Briefly, sera from 93 healthy adults were ten-fold serial
diluted and incubated with a specific number of viruses. The mixture was
transferred into a vero cell monolayer in 96-well tissue culture plate and
incubated at 37ºC for 5 days. At day 5 post-infection, the cells were observed for
cytopathic effect (CPE) under inverted microscope. Detection of neutralizing
antibodies in serum is determined by the inhibition of virus-induced CPE in the
wells with serum-virus mixture compared to virus-infected control cells. In this
study, we did not detect neutralizing antibodies against EV71 or CA16 in sera
from 93 healthy adults, suggesting a low rate of HFMD infection in the tested
population. However, antibody screening in more adult samples remains interesting
and can be useful to obtain the epidemiological data of the HFMD in asymptomatic
adult population.
Keyword: Coxsackievirus A16, Enterovirus 71, HFMD, Microneutralization assay
56
SCIFA R 2021
Determination of Leptospira spp. concentration for microscopic
agglutination test (MAT)
Patcharapa Beungswang 1, Onanong Pringsulaka 1, Phanita Chanket 2 and Muthita Vanaporn 2*
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol
University, Bangkok, 10400
* Project Advisor E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases in the world,
causing by bacteria, Leptospira spp. in the environment. The Microscopic
Agglutination Test (MAT) is the gold standard for serodiagnosis of leptospirosis
because of its high specificity. By determination of the agglutination of serum
with bacteria, MAT can classified Leptospira spp. into serovars. But there is no
standardization for bacterial number used in the assay. This research aimed to
determine the Leptospira concentration for MAT. First, the standard curve of OD
(420nm) and bacterial cell number (CFU/ml) was created. At OD 0.32, the
number of L. interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae was 2x108 CFU/ml.
Second, performing MAT using the known bacteria concentration by OD
adjustment and compared between Leptospira with unknown and standardized
quantity. The dilute serum specimen were mixed with a suspension of live
Leptospira (of both groups) in microtiter plates. After incubating for 1 hr at 30°C,
results were read under the dark-field microscope. The unknown and the culture
adjusted to a concentration of 2x108 CFU/ml had an end point titer of 1:1600,
1:3200 respectively. These difference of results may lead to misinterpretation and
precision of the test. In summary, the standardized Leptospira will improved the
precision of MAT and important to study the epidemic source. Moreover,
knowing the amount of infection can also be used for more accurate diagnosis
and treatment.
Keyword: Leptospira spp., Leptospirosis, Microscopic agglutination test
57
SCIFA R 2021
The selection of oleaginous yeasts for lipid production using sodium
acetate as a carbon source
Thitiyakorn Sawangjaeng, Kittiyaphorn Sahom and Pirapan Polburee *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The growth of the world population leads to an increase in vegetable oil demand
which is affected by environmental problems. Therefore, alternative oil production
such as microbial oil has been attracted to use. Oleaginous yeasts are a promising
solution for sustainable oil production due to their ability to use low-cost raw
materials. The objective of this study is to use acetate as feedstock for microbial
oil production. A total of 22 oleaginous yeasts were used in this study. To test
their ability to grow and produce oil in acetate, the yeasts were cultivated in 50
mL of nitrogen-limited medium with 15 g/L sodium acetate as a carbon source,
incubated in 250 mL of shaking flask, and shake at 200 rpm at room temperature
for 120 hrs. The results showed that SWU-SK-F10 had the highest biomass at
0.88 g/L with 8.52% of lipid content. The highest lipid content up to 39.06% of
biomass was observed from SWU-NB-B16 (0.32 g/L of biomass). The yeast
isolate SWU-SK-F10 was identified as Candida metapsilosis based on nucleotide
analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. This study
shows that the selected yeast has the potential to use acetate for lipid production
which could be reduced the costs of alternative microbial oil production.
Keywords: Oleaginous yeast, Single cell oil, Sodium acetate
58
SCIFA R 2021
Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages for controlling
Pseudomonas in milk
Issariya Sainak, Janejira Rodmanee and Onanong Pringsulaka *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Pseudomonas spp. are considered as milk spoilage microorganisms due to their
ability to produce heat resistant proteases. In this study, protease producing
bacteria from raw milk were screened on skim milk agar plates. Ten isolates
which produced protease were preliminarily identified as Pseudomonas by
biochemical tests and used as hosts for isolation of phages. Bacteriophages
vB_Ps-101 and vB_Ps-106 isolated from river were obtained by using isolates
BJS101 and BJS106 as the hosts, respectively. Molecular characterization using
16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that isolate BJS101 and BJS106
belonged to P. fluorescens. The high titer phage lysates on their respective hosts
of vB_Ps-101 and vB_Ps-106 were 9.1 and 9.3 log PFU/ml, respectively. Host
range determination revealed that both phages were highly specific to P. fluorescens.
Both phages were stable at a wide pH range (5 to 9) and were inactivated by
pasteurization treatments of 63℃ for 30 min or 72℃ for 15 s. The optimal
multiplicity of infection of vB_Ps-101 and vB_Ps-106 with their respective hosts
were 1 and 10, respectively. These phages were found to be effective against
P. fluorescens, reducing bacterial count by approximately 3 log CFU/ml in
nutrient broth at 30℃. A cocktail composed of phages vB_Ps-101 and vB_Ps-106
was more effective in reducing the number of Pseudomonas compared to
individual phages. These findings indicated that the use of bacteriophages could
be an efficient way to prevent the growth of Pseudomonas and, consequently, to
retard proteolytic spoilage of raw milk during chilled storage.
Keywords: Phage cocktail, pH Temperature stability, Pseudomonas fluorescens
59
SCIFA R 2021
The diversity of yeasts isolated from flowers in Thailand
Krittawan Tondee, Nontakorn Wimoolchat and Pirapan Polburee *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Flowers provide a favorable environment for yeast growth and have been
recognized as an important habitat for microorganisms. Moreover, flowers are
gaining increasing attention as a source for the discovery of new yeast species.
This research aim to study the biodiversity of yeast isolated from flowers in
Thailand. In this study, 32 types of flowers were collected from Bangkok and
Ayutthaya province of Thailand. Then, yeasts were isolated by direct plating
method used Yeast Malt Extract Agar (YM) medium supplemented with
chloramphenicol and sodium propionate for inhibition of bacteria and fungi. The
results showed that 200 yeasts were isolated and most of yeasts were obtained
from Jasmine with 19 isolates (9.5% of total yeasts), followed by Panama rose
with 16 isolates (8% of total yeasts), and Hollyhock with 15 isolates (7.5% of
total yeasts). The identification of isolated yeasts based on nucleotide analysis of
the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene showed that the yeast
isolates from flowers were identified to be known species such as Lachancea
thermotolerans, Meyerozyma caribbica, Schwanniomyces polymorphus,
Metschnikowia koreensis, and Kodamaea kakaduensis, etc.
Keywords: Diversity, Flower, Identification, Yeast
60
SCIFA R 2021
Decolorization of industrial effluent by white-rot fungus Microporus
xanthopus PP17-17 and ligninolytic enzyme study
Darika kaewjaroen 1, Patchanee Mulboot 1, Bancha Thampraphaphon 1, Cherdchai Phosri 2
and Nuttika Suwannasai 1*
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom, 48000
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Textile wastewater containing dyes mixed with various contaminants is seriously
problem in several countries because it affects directly to environment. White-rot
fungi can degrade a wide variety of structurally diverse pollutants including
synthetic dyes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to screen white-rot
fungi for dye decolourisation of wastewater from textile industry and to
investigate the ligninolytic enzyme production under submerged fermentation.
The results showed that Microporus xanthopus PP17-17 had the highest
efficiency of dye decolourisation (39.13%) followed by Trametes sanguinea
PP17-18 (33.38%). Microporus xanthopus PP17-17 was then selected to remove
dyes from textile wastewater with and without medium added conditions at
30ºC, 150 rpm, for 10 days. The result exhibited 38.61% decolourisation for
wastewater with medium and 2.18% decolourisation for wastewater without
medium. In addition, the ligninolytic enzymes of M. xanthopus PP17-17 was
determined and revealed that manganese peroxidase (MnP) (21.45 U/L) was a
major enzyme during dye decolourisation process. The molecular weight of MnP
was approximately 40 kDa observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis and native–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis.
Keywords: Decolorization, Ligninolytic enzymes, Textile wastewater, White-
rot fungi
61
SCIFA R 2021
Fungal pigment extraction for natural dyeing of cotton fabric
Pasawe Chanpana and Nuttika Suwannasai *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The increasing use of synthetic dye in textile industry resulted in dye containing
wastewater which becomes the environmental problem. Most natural pigments
are extracted from plants, algae and fungi, which are eco-friendly sources to
environment. The present study aimed to isolate fungi producing pigments for
dyeing on cotton fabric. Among 40 fungal isolates, three isolates of Hypoxylon
fendleri PW15, Monascus sp. PT1 and Trichoderma sp. S12 were selected to
produce pigment dull green, reddish brown and yellow colours, respectively. The
dull green pigment was produced in Czapek dox broth at room temperature for 4
weeks under a static condition, while reddish brown and yellow pigments were
produced in potato dextrose agar at room temperature for 2 weeks. The pigments
were then extracted by boiling water. All pigment extracts were evaluated by
dyeing on cotton fabric at 70 °C for 60 min. The effects of pre-mordant (Alum,
CuSO4, FeCl3 and K2Cr2O7) and fastness to washing were observed. The results
showed that all pigment extracts had high affinity with cotton fabric when pre-
mordant with FeCl3 and still had good colours after washing. For dyeing process
without mordant, all pigment extracts showed moderately stable with cotton
fabric after washing. However, fungal pigment extracts from the present study
have a potential for dyeing on cotton fabric and will provide useful alternatives
to synthetic dyes.
Keywords: Cotton fabric, Dyeing, Fungal pigment, Mordant
62
SCIFA R 2021
Amazake production from different varieties of Thai rice and their
antioxidant activities
Busaba Buayen, Pitchapa Thongsuwan and Nuttika Suwannasai *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Amazake is a traditional Japanese sweet drink made from Japanese fermented
rice with Koji. It is non-alcoholic drink containing high nutrients, vitamins and
antioxidants. Organic pigmented Thai rice is considered as unpolished rice and
contains a variety of flavones, tannin, phenolics and vitamins known to have
antioxidant capacities and other health benefits. Then, this study aimed to ferment
Amazake by using organic pigmented Thai rice with Koji and to evaluate the
antioxidant activity and total sugar. Five varieties of different pigmented Thai
rice, i.e., Red Jasmine rice, Riceberry rice, Hom Nin rice and Khao-Mao
(immature of Jasmine rice) were fermented with Koji in ratio 1:1 (w/w) at 60 °C
for 6 h. Japanese rice was used as a control. The results exhibited that Amazake
from Japanese rice (58.5% scavenging activity) had the highest antioxidant
activity based on DPPH assay followed by Hom Nin rice (56.12%), Riceberry
rice (53.18%), Red Jasmine rice (48.32%) and Khao-Mao (27.81%), respectively.
The highest content of total sugar belonged to Amazake from Red rice followed
by Khao-Mao, Japanese rice, Hom Nin rice and Riceberry rice, respectively. In
addition, the different ratios of rice and Koji fermentation revealed different
antioxidant activities. However, pigmented Thai rice is a good alternative for
Amazake production, especially Hom Nin rice and Riceberry rice, which
contained high antioxidant activities with low sugar.
Keywords: Amazake, Antioxidant activity, Koji, Thai rice
63
SCIFA R 2021
Pathogenicity of Alternaria sp. on Capsicum annuum cv. ‘yellow
pepper’ and controlling of the pathogen by cell-free culture of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02
Ekpipat Eksupapan, Natthida Sudyoung and Siriruk Sarawaneeyaruk *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Alternaria spp. is a pathogen that causes leaf spot disease on a variety of plants
including vegetables, crop plants, and also fruit trees. However, a few studies
report the Alternaria leaf spot disease on Capsicum cultivars. This study aims to
investigate the pathogenicity of Alternaria sp. on Capsicum annuum cv. ‘yellow
pepper’. The inhibitory effect of the cell-free culture (CF) obtained from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02 (CF-SWUC02) on Alternaria sp. growth
was also investigated. We found that Alternaria sp. YHPM03-1 can cause leaf
spot symptoms on the infected leaves and fruits over ten days of post-inoculation.
With poisoning food assay, the growth of Alternaria sp. YHPM03-1 was
inhibited by CF-SWUC02 at 12.5% concentration or above. Thus, CF-SWUC02
has the potential as a biological control agent to reduce Alternaria leaf spot
disease in yellow pepper.
Keywords: Alternaria sp., Capsicum cultivars, Leaf spot disease, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
64
SCIFA R 2021
The prevalence of Mycobacterium abscessus in Phramongkutklao
Hospital
Chadaporn Setavera 1, Ramida Navaruk 1, Pichapak Sriyapai 1, Thananya Comproh 2 and
Atdhasit Aubonban 2*
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of science, Srinakharinwirot university, Bangkok, 10110
2 Army Institute of Pathology, Ratchawithi Rd, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) has become a prevalent pathogenic
bacterium in recent years, particularly in immunocompromised people. For the
purpose of diagnosis and treatment, NTM are divided into two groups which are
rapidly and slowly growing mycobacteria. Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly
growing mycobacteria, ubiquitous found in soil and water, causing lung sickness,
skin lesions and central nervous system infection (CNS). Although the symptoms
are not as fatal as Tuberculosis, M. abscessus can cause pulmonary disease
resembling Tuberculosis. Moreover, it is a mutidrug-resistance NTM specie
which affects the treatment difficulty, and it is increasing worldwide. This study
aims to be an initial step in emphasizing the significance of Mycobacterium
abscessus. In the experiment, 166 specimens from Phramongkutklao Hospital
patients were used to identify NTM species using a line probe assay from 2017
to 2020.The experiment indicated that in the year of 2017 to 2020, 53.01% of 166
specimens were identified as M. abscessus, and 42.05% of the specimens were
colonies from sputum. Furthermore, M. abscessus cases are expected to increase
from 17 in 2019 to 44 in 2020. After categorize M. abscessus patient by gender,
the result is male has infected more than female by 8 cases. According to the
findings, M. abscessus is the most common NTM species found in
Phramongkutklao Hospital patients, leading to pulmonary disease and skin lesion
disease which would cause the trend of infectious patients to be upward each year.
These findings have reflected that NTM species, particularly M. abscessus,
should be heavily concentrated on.
Keywords: Line probe assay, Mycobacterium abscessus, Non-tuberculous
mycobacterium (NTM), Pulmonary disease
65
SCIFA R 2021
Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum truncatum causing anthracnose
disease on Capsicum cultivars and controlling of the pathogen by
cell-free culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02
Papattananpak Thiratanabordeechot, Natthida Sudyoung and Siriruk Sarawaneeyaruk *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Chili is one of the most economically important fruits in Thailand. However, there
was a problem with post-harvest decay of chili due to anthracnose disease. The
disease is caused by Colletotrichum spp. such as Colletotrichum truncatum and
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which are a major cause of the decline in chili
yields. Typically, chemical fungicides are used to control the disease which is
harmful to health and the excess fungicides remain in the environment. Therefore,
the biological alternative method including the development of an efficient
biological control agent (BCA) is an urgent need to control plant diseases. In this
study, the pathogenicity of C. truncatum CFPL01 on five cultivars of chilies was
investigated. Prik-Num showed the most susceptibility to C. truncatum CFPL01
followed by Prik-Kee-Noo, Prik-Chee-Fah, Prik-Jinda, and Prik-Yuak. Their
disease severity index (DSI) values were 72.5, 45, 45, 42.5, and 35%,
respectively. The cell-free culture (CF) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02
(CF-SWUC02) was assayed on inhibitory effect of C. truncatum CFPL01 on both
conidia germination and mycelial growth. The conidia germination rate was
completely inhibited at 12.5% of CF-SWUC02. Additionally, minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against C.
truncatum CFPL01 of CF-SWUC02 were both at 25%. With microscopic
examination, the mycelial growth of C. truncatum CFPL01 was abnormal when it
was in 12.5, 25, and 50% of CF-SWUC02. Therefore, our results demonstrate that
CF-SWUC02 has a potential to inhibit C. truncatum which causes anthracnose in
chili and may be applied as a BCA in the future.
Keywords: Anthracnose disease, Biocontrol, Capsicum, Colletotrichum truncatum,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
66
SCIFA R 2021
Development of a healthy drink from cashew apple (Anacardium
occidentale L.)
Anuntaya Saisamut and Wanlapa Lorliam *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Cashew apple pulp, the peduncle of cashew fruit, is a by-product of harvesting
cashew nuts derived from agricultural waste. Ranong province is one of the
largest producers of cashew nuts in Thailand. Although cashew apple pulp is high
in nutritional value, it is not widely used due to the lacking of knowledge of
technology in its utilization pattern. In this study, we attempted the production of
a probiotic beverage from cashew apple juice. Six lactic acid bacteria isolates
were obtained from homemade yogurt used in cashew apple juice. The fermented
juice with lactic acid bacteria was investigated along with the storage at 4°C for
3 days. The viability of the lactic acid bacteria, sugars, vitamin C content, total
phenolic content, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant activity of probiotic
cashew apple juice were evaluated in a subsequent study.
Keywords: Cashew apple, Lactic acid bacteria, Probiotic, Antioxidant
67
SCIFA R 2021
Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide-titanium dioxide
nanocomposites
Chanon Manee, Ploypailin Sae-jeng and Jamaree Amonkosolpan *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
This project aims to study nanocomposites of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and
graphene oxide (GO) by a simple colloid mixing method. The nanocomposites
were synthesized using 3-11% GO concentrations by mass. The morphology and
elemental analysis were examined by Field Emission Scanning Electron
Microscope (FE-SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX),
respectively. The results indicate that there are GO in the nanocomposites. In
addition, crystal structures were analyzed with an X-ray diffractometer (XRD).
The energy band gap was examined using Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-
VIS). The results reveal that increasing GO concentration can decrease the energy
bandgap. The findings from UV-VIS display the shift of the energy gap from 3.10
eV to 2.75 eV of the indirect bandgap.
Keywords: Energy gap, Graphene oxide, Kubelka Munk, Tauc plot, Titanium
dioxide nanoparticles
68
SCIFA R 2021
Study of titanium dioxide nanotubes coated with gold particles
Chanatsaya Cheyyaem, Panadda Changrue and Areeya Aeimbhu *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
This research examines the optical property of titanium dioxide nanotubes were
coated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/TNAs). Titanium nanotube arrays were
synthesized by anodizing process. The results show that that titanium nanotube
arrays coated with gold nanoparticles has good reflectivity. In addition, Kubelka
and Monk plots show that the band gap is calculated for direct and indirect
transition. Indirect transition is found to be more appropriate for the
AuNPs/TNAs than direct transition.
Keyword: Anodization process, Energy band gap, Gold nanoparticles, Titanium
dioxide nanotube arrays
69
SCIFA R 2021
Th e preparation of TiN nanorods by magnetron sputtering for
surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Sirirat Champasee 1, Thitiporn Kaewyou 1, Puttita Padthaisong 1, Chamnan Promjantuk 2,
Watchara Chao-moo 3, Tossaporn Lertvanithphol 3, Vivapol Patthanasettakul 3, Mati Horprathum 3,
Saksorn Limwichean 3, Surawut Wicharn1 and Suwan Plaipichit 1*
1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
2 Department of physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat
University, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, 30000
3 National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and
Technology Development Agency, PathumThani, 12120
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was fabricated using
titanium nitride nanorods structures (TiN NRs) which were prepared by the
combination of high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) glancing
angle depositions (GLAD) techniques and Reactive gas-timing (RGT). HiPIMS
was operated by controlling pulse frequency. Meanwhile, GLAD was fixed at 85
degrees. The surface morphology and crystalline structures of TiN NRs were
determined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and
grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD), respectively. Additionally, a
portable Raman spectroscopy at 532 nm was used to inspect the performance of
Raman signal enhancement. The results suggested that HiPIMS could be utilized
to create nanorods structures. The rutile phase of TiN NRs was shown on (111)
and (200) planes. The refractive index and optical band gap (Ep) of RGT samples
depended on the argon gas timing and correlated with the change of titanium and
nitrogen concentration in the films. The efficiency of the generated Raman signal
of Rhodamine 6G could be measured at a detection limit of 10-6 M and also
indicated a long shelf-life of TiN NR SERS of more than 28 days. According to
the experimental results, TiN NRs are appropriate for further research and can be
used as an alternative material for SERS fabrication. It has the potential of cost-
effective materials to produce SERS chips as well.
Keywords: Gas timing, Glancing angle depositions, High power impulse
magnetron sputtering, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering, Titanium nitride
70
SCIFA R 2021
The study of properties of cotton fabric modified with titanium
dioxide coatings
Chookiat Supasorn, Kittiya Chaba and Jamaree Amonkosolpan *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide anatase, rutile phases, and nanoparticles have been coated by
exhaustion method at different concentrations onto cotton. Cotton fibers'
morphology and surface characteristics were studied using Field Emission
Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). It shows that titanium dioxide, both
anatase and rutile phases, including nano titanium dioxide, can attach to cotton
well. For the anatase phase, it displays a uniform coated titanium dioxide
throughout the cotton fibers at concentrations of 2-2.5 % by mass as well as 2.5
percent by mass in the rutile phase. In addition, an Energy Dispersive X-Ray
Spectrometer (EDS) results confirm an increase in the composition of titanium
and oxygen by adding titanium dioxide concentration in the coating process. The
contact angle technique reveals that when coated with rutile titanium at a
concentration of 2.5 percent by mass and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (P25), it
would be possible to change the properties of cotton fibers from hydrophilic to
hydrophobic. Fading of the methylene blue on dyed cotton with the sunlight
verified photodegradation, which confirms the coated titanium dioxide cotton's
self-cleaning properties. At the concentration of 1 % by mass, the anatase phase
began to see degradation. Also, the concentrations of 2 % by mass of rutile seem
to observe degradation. The results of this study indicate that increasing the
concentration of titanium dioxide affects the properties of cotton, such as the
hydrophilicity and the self-cleaning feature of cotton.
Keywords: Anatase, Photodegradation, Rutile, Titanium dioxide, Titanium dioxide
nanoparticles
71
SCIFA R 2021
A prototype development of triboelectric – electromagnetic hybrid
nanogenerator
Patcharee Kritprommarat 1, Warangkhana Fakngoen 1, Thitirat Charoonsuk 2 and
Surawut Wicharn 1*
1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
2 Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok,
10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
In this study, a prototype of triboelectric – electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator
(TEHNG) is designed and developed. The TEHNG system is made for harvesting
ambient mechanical energy to produce electricity. The principles of energy
conversion by TEHNG are based on electrostatic induction in triboelectric
nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic induction of static coils and moving
magnets. Here, the TENG is constructed in rotary free-standing with grating
structure including aluminium (Al) as conducting contact and fluorinated ethylene
propylene (FEP) as dielectric contact. Then, the moving magnets are attached on
rotary Al grating wheel. Meanwhile, static coils are set up on FEP circumference.
The output performances of TEHNG system are investigated by applying
mechanical torque. We found that the coupling effect of electrostatic induction
due to triboelectric materials pair and electromagnetic induction due to the change
in magnetic flux can creates large electrical voltage across the load. The power
absorbed by the load is about microwatt. This proposed prototype is a useful
guideline for designing good performance TEHNG system for energy harvesting
applications using with low-power electronic devices.
Keywords:, Electromagnetic induction, Energy harvesting technology, Triboelectric
nanogenerator
72
SCIFA R 2021
Nonlinear model selection for accurate monthly global solar
radiation prediction in Bangkok, Thailand
Thanawat Anusonthi, Sasikan Jansong and Siriluk Ruangrungrote *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Global solar radiation data are predictable by mathematical models which have
many formulae in either linear or non-linear forms. In this work, the researchers
preferred considering the non-linear models with high order terms. We made the
assumption that, the higher order terms, the more accuracy could be achieved for
solar radiation calculation and the real measured data correlation. Four non-linear
models namely 1) Modified Bahel, 2) Gopinathan, 3) Gopinathan- AP and 4)
Modified Zabara, were considered. These models were dealt with two parameters
as global solar radiation ( H) and sunshine hour ( S) which were meteorological
data. Data of 477 days in total, representing summertime during February - May,
2017- 2020 in Bangkok ( 13° 45’ N, 100° 31’ E) were taken into account.
Furthermore, five statistical tests i.e., Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) ,
Root mean square error (RMSE) , Coefficient of determination (R²) , Mean bias
error ( MBE) and T- values were applied for validating the performances of all
models. The result revealed that the best effective model was Gopinathan- AP
with the statistical test of MAPE, RMSE, R², MBE and T- values at 5. 59, 0. 94,
384.00, 18.79 and 0.02, respectively. The next three models with the decreasing
performance were Gopinathan, Modified Bahel and Modified Zabara
correspondingly. In addition, the most acceptable model was consisted of the
second order terms and under the influence of the constants a, b and c as seen in
the modeling equations. In conclusion, the non- linear models were able to
calculate the solar radiation to fulfil and substitute whenever the data
measurement may be unavailable or rejected.
Keywords: Global solar radiation, Meteorological data, Non-linear models
73
SCIFA R 2021
Estimating global solar radiation from common meteorological
data in Prachinburi, Thailand
Nattaporn Eiamsombat, Thanathon Imsom and Siriluk Ruangrungrote *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Thailand is located near the equator where is available to obtain strong solar
radiation throughout the years. Indeed, solar energy is the alternative, renewable
and clean energy which is suitable for various energy applications. Nowadays,
solar radiation data can be retrieved by direct measurement via Pyranometer and
by mathematical modellings. In this study, we applied five models, i.e., 1)
Hargreaves and Samani 2) Modified Hargreaves and Samani 3) Mahmood and
Hubbard 4) Modified Mahmood and Hubbard and 5) PS – Z, together with the
meteorological data, Tmax and Tmin, in order to estimate and analyze the total solar
radiation in 2020 for 12 months, 95 days in total, at Prachinburi Province (latitude
13.97 N). Moreover, the obtainable result especially, clear sky data was analyzed
and compared with the real measurement by Pyranometer. Finally, three
statistical tests i.e., correlation coefficient (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE),
and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) were applied for each model
validation. The results yield the average total solar radiation around 17.08 – 25.13
MJ/m2. PS – Z model was able to perform the best determination with R2, RMSE
and MAPE at 98.79, 3.02 and 13.58%, respectively. However, the least satisfied
model was Mahmood and Hubbard with R2, RMSE and MAPE at 98.72, 9.09 and
42.78%. In summary, this work reasonably provided the plausible method and
model for solar radiation estimation somewhere in the country and elsewhere with
the similar geographic profiles.
Keywords: Clear sky, Meteorological data, PS – Z Model, Total solar radiation
74
SCIFA R 2021
Simple smart environmental signage for air pollution monitoring
in urban residential areas
Napat Hongcharoenwattana, Jittawit Phumrattanaphaisal, Sirawit Manakorngowit and
Surawut Wicharn *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The purpose of this project is design and development of simple smart
environmental signage. The system of smart environmental signage is consisted
of various electronic components such as humidity sensor, temperature sensor,
optical scattering-based particle detector, and LED panels. These components are
automatically and manually controlled by ESP8266 NodeMCU IoT board and
Blynk application on the smartphone. During operation, the IoT board monitors
levels of PM2.5 and PM10 particles, humidity, and temperature of the set-up area.
The electric signals from all detectors are processed with embedded software in
ESP8266 NodeMCU. Then, all data will be shown on LED panels and Blynk
application in real-time for informing air pollution of set-up area and warning
health effect levels. According to experimental results, the proposed system was
rated as an average reliability device compared with commercial devices.
Therefore, our smart environmental signage may be suggested as a part of the
pollution monitoring system in urban residential areas.
Keywords: Air pollution, Blynk application, ESP8266 NodeMCU, Fine particle
detection, Smart signage.
75
SCIFA R 2021
Effect of gum additives on nickel electroplating
Chanyanut Saenthaweesuk, Duangta Sitthichokcharoen, Manatsawee Maneekan and
Supitcha Supansomboon *
Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok,
10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
There are both direct and indirect costs of corrosion to the society associated with
this waste of metal. Corrosion is the deterioration of a metal as a result of
chemical reactions between it and the surrounding environment when they react
with water or air. All metals exhibit a tendency to corrode, some more easily than
others. One way to prevent is coating the metal. Chrome plating and nickel
plating are the common plating processes. In this work, the effect of adding
gelatin, gum arabic and guar gum in nickel electroplating bath was investigated.
SS400 low carbon steel was prepared as a substrate. Hardness and color of
electroplated nickel were examined. The coating surface morphology was also
characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The corrosion resistance
in 3.5% NaCl solution was tested using the immersion technique. It was found
that using gum arabic as additive seems to have higher hardness and and better
corrosion resistance than pure nickel, gelatin and guar gum.
Keyword: Electroplating, Nickel, Gum additives, Watts bath, Corrosion
76
SCIFA R 2021
Effect of inorganic dyes on the charge controlling and output
efficiency of the cotton-based triboelectric nanogenerator
Siriporn Wu, Suchanat Navatragulpisit, Phumkarin Ninlaor and Thitirat Charoonsuk *
Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok,
10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Nowadays, the electronic textiles (E-textiles), which are made from the combination
of fabrics and electronic devices, have gained much attention and tend to be more
developed in future. The attention of this work is given to the electronic device
that can be used as power supply for E- textiles system, namely triboelectric
nanogenerator or TENG. In this work, the textile TENG is fabricated by using
cotton fabric as the main friction material with modifying various functional
group with dyes to control the output performance. Two types of reactive and
direct dyes with six different color are selected. The functional group of each dye
can be identified by infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the functional groups
of the dyes are a crucial role for controlling and enhancing the output efficiency.
As a result, because of containing Cu atom in molecule, the cotton/ reactive blue
dye obviously shows the best output voltage, output current and output power as
comparing to other dyes. The maximum electrical outputs value was obtained at
~ 32.73 V and ~ 36.6 nA for output voltage (VOC) and output current (ISC) with
the maximum output power (Pmax) of 243 µW. It is higher than that of pure cotton
without dyes for 2. 2 times. This work reveals the possibility to apply the
cotton/dyes TENG to be self-power sensor for high efficiency sensing fabric. The
authors expect that this research will be useful for the development of energy
harvesting devices for utilizing in E-textiles industry in future.
Keywords: Dyes, E-textiles, Functional groups, Triboelectric nanogenerator
77
SCIFA R 2021
Phosphorescence and tarnish resistance properties of copper with
strontium aluminate addition
Hassawat Kankaew 1, Ratchanon Kaewpanma 1, Nutthita Chuankrerkkul 2 and
Supinya Wongsriruksa 1*
1 Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok,
10110
2 Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok, 10330
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine what happens when strontium aluminate
(SrAl2O4) powder was mixed with copper (Cu) powder to enhance the phosphorescence
and hardness property of the samples. The samples were fabricated using the
compression molding technique and then sintered in argon atmosphere.
Phosphorescence, hardness, and microstructure were studied. The samples
contain 70, 80, 90 and 100 percent by weight copper powder with the addition of
30, 20, 10 and 0 percent by weight of strontium aluminate, respectively. In the
process of compression molding, polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA) was used as a binder
and mixed with copper and strontium aluminate powder to produce the green
specimens using a hydraulic machine. Then, the green specimens were sintered
at 900 °C for 1 hour. After sintering, PVA was eliminated and the samples
became denser resulting to the higher density of the samples. The hardness was
studied using a Vickers hardness tester. The hardness of 100Cu ( 30. 5 HV) is
higher than that of 90Cu- 10SrAl2O4 ( 12. 84 HV) . The microstructure of 90Cu-
10SrAl2O4 was clearly seen to have more separating structures than 80Cu-
20SrAl2O4 and 70Cu- 30SrAl2O4. The phosphorescence was investigated by an
ultraviolet lamp. It was found that sample of 70Cu- 30SrAl2O4 has higher
phosphorescence than 90Cu-10SrAl2O4.
Keywords: Compression molding, Copper, Phosphorescence, Strontium aluminate
78
SCIFA R 2021
Enhancing the output efficiency of Polydimethylsiloxane by adding
colossal dielectric materials for flexible triboelectric nanogenerator
(F-TENG)
Unyamin Tirapipattada, Atitaya Ploysri, Jirapat Pengkasit and Thitirat Charoonsuk *
Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok,
10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
In recent years, because of high electron- captured ability, polydimethylsiloxane
( PDMS) is one of the most popular polymers for the flexible triboelectric
nanogenerators ( F- TENG) that can convert mechanical energy into electricity.
However, the output efficiency of PDMS is still limit. In this research, attention
is given to fabricate the TENG by using PDMS as friction material and improve
its efficiency by adding the Rare- earth oxide dielectric materials of La2O3 and
LaFeO3. The various weight percentage of 0.5, 2.5, 5 and 10 of fillers are studied.
According to the results, the composite films show high flexibility for all types
of fillers and compositions. The phase purity and crystal structure were checked
by IR and XRD. 3D visualization of the composite films also was analyzed via
the synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy (SR-XTM) and confirmed good
distribution of incorporated La2O3 and LaFeO3 inside the PDMS matrix. After
output performance testing, because of colossal dielectric behavior, the
PDMS/ 10% LaFeO3 can provide the highest output efficiency of voltage and
current by ~75 V and ~164 nA with the maximum output power of ~1,9 9 0 µW.
This result shows that the suitable fillers with proper ratio is the important factor
for the composite TENG. In addition, this work also reveals the possibility to use
the PDMS/Rare-earth oxide composite film as external power supply for flexible
devices. The authors believe that it will be useful to develop a group of
mechanical energy harvesting device for portable and wearable electronics in
future.
Keywords: Flexible triboelectric nanogenerators, Polydimethylsiloxane,
Polydimethylsiloxane composites, Rare-earth oxides
79
SCIFA R 2021
Bacterial cellulose- based triboelectric nanogenerator enhanced
performance with two-dimensional dielectric oxide nanosheet
Thitirat Pisitpakin, Natcha Navakhositkul, Sutasinee Chotipratoom and Thitirat Charoonsuk *
Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok,
10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The utilization of natural- based materials has aroused intensive interest for the
triboelectric nanogenerator ( TENG) for mechanical energy harvesting since the
electronic device growing tended to operate in proximity of the human body. This
research therefore focuses on fabricating TENG from the main friction layer of
bacterial cellulose (BC). The two-dimensional (2D) dielectric lepidocrocite oxide
( Cs0.7M0.35Ti1.65O4; CsMTO, when M = Ni and Co) is used as the fillers for
improving its electrical output efficiency by aiding in charge generation. The
negatively charge of M0.35Ti1.65O40.35- is prepared by the solid- state synthesis-
proton exchange- exfoliation sequence. Highly flexible BC- based films with
various content of CsMTO for 5, 15, 30, 40 and 50 percent by volume are easily
prepared by casting. The SEM images demonstrate the well particle distributions
in the BC matrix for 1. 5% , and then, poor distribution is observed at 5% . The
effect of CsMTO nanosheet and its various content on the dielectric constant and
the electrical output signal, including open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current
(ISC) and instantaneous maximum power (Pmax) are investigated. According to the
results, the high relative permittivity with low loss tangent are observed for all
composition. The VOC and ISC for the BC/ Cs0.35Ti1.65O40.35- at 1. 5% shows the
maximum efficiency of ~87 V and ~26. 6 µA, which 4 times higher than that of
BC film. This work provides the potential of BC/lepidocrocite- oxide nanosheets
composite as the nanogenerator for suitable supplying electricity to portable/wearable
electronic devices.
Keywords: Bacterial cellulose, Lepidocrocite structure, Oxide nanosheet,
Triboelectric nanogenerators
80
SCIFA R 2021
Triboelectric-piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator based on natural
polymer/gamma-glycine composites
Sirinya Ukasi, Jiranicha Nintub, Paritta Jutapukti and Thitirat Charoonsuk *
Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok,
10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
In this work, the authors pay attention to developing triboelectric nanogenerators
(TENGs) that can convert mechanical energy into electricity by contacting two
materials. The effect of charge transfer between those two materials can induce
the electricity for serving as the electric power supply. Nevertheless, the synthetic
materials, which are usually used for TENG, restrict the application in the field
of biomedical devices and baby care. Therefore, the focus has been placed on the
use of bacterial cellulose (BC) and chitosan (CS) natural polymers as the main
friction materials with improving output efficiency by making composite with
bio-piezoelectric material from gamma-glycine (-gly) amino acid. The effect of
-gly content on the output performance of TENGs was explored. The results
show that the natural polymer/-gly composite films have a uniform thickness
and are translucent. The composite films also remain good flexibility even if the
amount of -gly increases. Then, the electrical output based on output voltage
(Voc) and output current (Isc) of natural polymer/-gly is investigated. It was found
that adding -gly in BC and CS can improve the electrical output of BC pure and
CS pure. In BC matrix, with 10 wt% -gly added, can reach ~112.44 V and ~53.1
nA of Voc and Isc, respectively. In CS matrix, 50 wt% added, can provide a Voc
and Isc, of ~78.81 V and ~64 nA, respectively. With this work, the authors expect
that this study provides a novel way to enhance the biocompatible, green and eco-
friendly energy harvesting devices from natural materials to achieve high
performance.
Keywords: Bacterial cellulose, Bio-piezoelectric material, Chitosan, Triboelectric
nanogenerators (TENGs), Gamma-glycine
81
SCIFA R 2021
The production of bacterial cellulose skin masks synthesized by
Komagataeibacter nataicola TISTR 975 bacteria using coffee grounds
as a culture medium
Rachun lueangkrathok 1, Ravinun Nunum 1, Sasrithorn Permananchai 1, Onanong Pringdulka 2
and Akarin Boonsombuti 1*
1 Department of Materials, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Synthesized bacterial cellulose (BC) by Komagataeibacter nataicola TISTR 975
has shown considerable potential in many applications, such as a novel wound
healing system, an ultra-strength paper, or even a facial mask that smells and
nutrients are important. This work aims to produce the cellulose facial mask via
the crystalline fermentation of Komagataeibacter nataicola TISTR 975 from
hydrolyzed spent coffee grounds that are rich in coffee aroma and polyphenols.
The produced cellulose from hydrolysate showed higher mechanical strength
when tested by the Universal testing machine compared with the cellulose
generated from the commercial broth. And The experiments were tested at
different proportions of coffee grounds as follows: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and
100%. The results from the experiments were able to produce cellulose bacteria
at the highest proportion of 75%. Moreover, the water holding capacity was also
enhanced. These results are positive for facial masks since nutrients from the
mask diffuse to the skin while moisture is persisted. Then this bacterial cellulose
facial mask made from spent coffee grounds is a prominent route to utilize
biomass efficiently.
Keywords: Acetobacter xylinum, Bacterial cellulose, Facial masks, Skin
characteristics, Spent coffee grounds
82
SCIFA R 2021
Influence of tannin from Indian almond leaves on the curing
behavior of sucrose-citric acid adhesive
Pijitra Sansri, Suchada Jindain and Akarin Boonsombuti *
Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok,
10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Tannins are compounds found in many plant species and rich in aromatic and
hydroxyl groups. Previous research has shown that sucrose, citric acid, and tannin
are used as raw materials for the synthesis of eco-friendly adhesives for
particleboard since these compounds showed a great synergy effect when used as
a wood adhesive. In this research, the synthesis of citric-sucrose-tannin adhesives
was studied using tannin extracted from Indian almond leaves expected to
increase the adhesion efficiency. The studied ratios of sucrose/citric/tannin from
Indian almond leaves are 75/25/0, 75/25/25, 75/25/50, 75/25/75, and 75/25/100
while the solid content of Sucrose and Citric in the adhesive is fixed at 40 wt%.
The particleboards are formed at a hot-pressing temperature of 160°C, 4 MPa for
2 minutes, 2 MPa for 2 minutes, and 1 MPa for 2 minutes. It was found that the
optimized proportion of Sucrose/Citric/Tannin extracted from Indian almond
leaves was 75/25/25 since the highest mechanical properties, Modulus of Rupture
(MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) values were obtained. Compared to
non-adhesive particleboard, the MOR and MOE values were improved 2 and 4
times when sucrose/citric/tannin adhesive was applied. Then the eco-friendly
adhesive from citric, sucrose, and tannin extracted from Indian almond leaves can
enhance the mechanical properties of the particleboard and increase environmental
friendliness.
Keywords: Citric acid, Particleboard, Sucrose, Tannin, Wood adhesive
83
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