Dyer - ACP Portfolio Flipbook

BEN DYER’S ACP PORTFOLIO FLIPBOOK
PERSPECTIVE DEFINES THE JOURNEY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title ....................................................................................... 1
Table of Contents ............................................................... 2
What is ACP? ...................................................................... 3
Syllabus Snapshot ............................................................... 4
Student Preparation Strategy ............................................ 6
BOPPPS Lesson Plan (with supporting materials)......... 9
Formal Assessment ............................................................ 89
Rubric ................................................................................... 91
Final Presentation ............................................................... 93
Reflective Essay .................................................................. 117

What is the Adjunct Certification Program at Lone Star College?

Purpose: The purpose of the Adjunct Certification Program is to recognize and reward adjunct faculty who
make a commitment to the System and to provide an opportunity to enhance their teaching effectiveness.

Who can participate: Adjunct faculty who have taught at LSC for at least 2 semesters may apply. Participants
are chosen based upon recommendations from their department chair.

Course structure and objectives: The Adjunct Certification Program is structured around 5 components of
successful instruction. After successfully completing this program participants will be able to

 Plan for Learning
o Create a syllabus snapshot
o Create a lesson using the BOPPPS lesson planning moel
o Write SMART lesson objectives
o Identify the levels in Bloom’s cognitive taxonomy
o Employ effective strategies to encourage students to prepare for class

 Employ a Variety of Teaching Strategies
o Define teacher-centered, interactive, experiential, and independent learning techniques
o Locate online lesson repositories and resources
o Incorporate at least one new instructional strategy in a lesson plan
o Create questions that address various levels of Bloom's cognitive taxonomy

 Assess Effectively
o Develop an assessment strategy that aligns with the course outcomes
o Utilize various formative assessment tools that are quick, engaging, and informative
o Create effective subjective and objective tools and processes.
o Cite the principles of effective evaluation.
o Develop an assessment rubric

 Use Instructional Technology
o Explain how technology can enhance teaching and learning
o Employ at least one new instructional technology to encourage student engagement
o Locate instructional technology resources

 Foster a Positive Learning Environment
o Utilize effective strategies for dealing with various student challenges
o Employ motivational theory to structure classes that foster student motivation to learn

In order to successfully complete the program, participants must:
• Attend ALL 5 face-to-face meetings with the initial cohort and complete all on-line lessons. This occurs
over a nine week period with a time commitment of 26-30 hours.
• Actively participate in online discussion topics.
• Present a 10 minute overview of a completely new lesson
• Complete a reflective essay
• Compile and submit an electronic portfolio of all completed assignments
• Score a minimum of 80% on all required elements of the course

Summary of Dr. Dyer’s Course Syllabus

**See the full course syllabus online when you sign in to your myLoneStar account for a full description of each item discussed herein, as well as for the appropriate and binding language regarding
your and Dr. Dyer’s rights and obligations related to this course, GOVT 2306—Texas Government. The course syllabus shall govern in the event of any conflict between the two documents.**

Contact information

Instructor: Dr. Ben L. Dyer Office Phone: 281-463-5400
Office: Langham Creek High School
@ LSC-Cy-Fair by appointment Office Hours: By appointment
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected] (or hours of availability)

Website: Edmodo.com (code provided)

Course overview for GOVT 2306—Texas Government

Student Learning Outcomes are discussed in the syllabus. I suggest you read each chapter of the textbook
with the following questions in mind: “How Does The Topic In This Chapter ____?”
 Affect the policymaking process? 
 Change the dynamics and interactions of the policymaking process? 
 Reflect the idea that “checks and balances” exist in our system of government? 
 Reflect the will of the people? 
 Show us how aspects of our government can be exploited for bad purposes? 
 Show us how reforms to our system have come about because of immoral or questionable behavior? 
 Represent some of the best aspects of our governmental system (what are they?)? 
 Represent some of the worst parts of our governmental system (what are they?)? 

Tentative Instructional Outline:

Week Number Topic Covered
1 The Environment of Texas Politics
2 Federalism and the Texas Constitution
3 Federalism and how it affects Texas
4
5 Local Governments in Texas
6 The Media and Politics in Texas
7
8 Political Parties in Texas
9 Campaigns and Elections in Texas
10
11 Mid-Term Major Exam
12 Spring Break
13
14 The Politics of Interest Groups in Texas
15 The Legislative Branch in Texas
16
17 The Executive Branch in Texas – the Governor
Public Policy and Administration in Texas
The Judicial Branch in Texas
The Criminal Justice system
Finance and Fiscal Policy
Final Exam

Required Material:
Brown, et al, Practicing Texas Politics, 2015-16 Edition, Cengage Learning
Winkler, Adam, Gunfight: The Battle Over the Right to Bear Arms in America, W.W. Norton & Company
Optional materials will be provided in class or be made available on-line.

Instructor guidelines and policies

Attendance: One cannot gain much from this course unless you attend class; thus, attendance should be 
considered a requirement for this course. If absent, you alone are responsible for getting yourself caught up.  

Assignments: Students are responsible for all materials covered in the lectures, discussions, assigned readings, 
assignments given, and current events related to the class. Individuals with special needs should see the instructor to 
coordinate any necessary modifications. All assignments are due at the start of the class period and shall be hand-
written, not typed, except the Research Project. Unfortunately, too many students have been guilty of cheating, 
plagiarism, and/or handing in the work another person (with and without permission) and passing it off as their own. 
Dr. Dyer will let you know whether each assignment must be handed in personally at the beginning of class, may be 
sent electronically to his Lone Star email address, or should be handed in electronically through another source, i.e., 
www.turnitin.com, www.edmodo.com, etc.

Make-up Exams: Make‐up exams may be given at Dr. Dyer’s discretion on a case‐by‐case basis.  Any extenuating 
circumstances should be provided prior to class and/or evidenced upon your return. He is willing to listen to your 
reasons but do not expect leniency. Dr. Dyer is presumed against granting any make-up exams.

Electronic devices: Turn off all cell phones, beepers, pagers, MP3 players, iPods, and all other electronic devices, 
prior to class starting. There are very few exceptions to this rule.  

Dept. Contact: Rob Coyle, Chair of Government, CASA 220-T, 281-290-3567, [email protected]

GRADE DETERMINATION:

Type of Grade Details %
Minor Exams 35
Chapter exams are given almost every week. There are at least 9 “minor exams” 10
(each is ~4% of this 35%). These exams will be timed, and students will be 15
permitted to use handwritten notes. Use of electronic notes is prohibited 20

Mid-Term A comprehensive mid-term “major exam” is given. Notes may NOT be used. 20
100
Final A comprehensive final is given at the LSC-assigned time. Notes may NOT be used.

Research Students will read the above-assigned text, analyze the issues presented in the
Paper context of “Texas,” and perform related research. It is due ~¾ through the course.

Mini-Research Students are asked to read, analyze, answer questions, perform research,
Projects thoughtfully reason, explain the basis of conclusions/opinions, and generally
speaking, perform subject-related work to reflect their learning of the material
Total: presented in class and in the textbook. There are 5 to 8 assignments of this type.

Syllabus Disclaimer

It is the instructor’s right to modify the class schedule and assignments when necessary, and to cover course topics as
he/she wishes; therefore the syllabus is subject to change.

Ben L. Dyer LSC: Cy-Fair, Government Dept.
Adjunct Certification Program Spring 2017, 6:00-8:00 p.m., Th.

Module 1: Getting Them to Read!

Learning Outcome: Analyze the state and local election process (L.O. #6 for Govt 2306)

Learning Objectives:

1. By the end of the lesson, students will be able to compare and contrast the
roles of state and local governments in the campaign and voting processes in
the State of Texas.

2. By the end of the lesson, students will be able to differentiate between the
different types of elections that exist at the state and local government levels
in the State of Texas, including, but not limited to, a plurality election, a
majority election, a partisan election, a non-partisan election, primary
elections, general elections, and run-off elections.

Assignment and Preparation Before Class:

In your Practicing Texas Politics (2015-16 Edition) textbook, read pages 175 through 192.
For the purposes of preparing for class and performing in class, there is no need to read
the “Point/Counterpoint” section, nor the “Students in Action” section. However, they
may assist you in better understanding the material and are still your responsibility to
read in preparation for the chapter quiz, midterm exam and final exam. The reading
includes the following sections and subsections of material:

 Democratization of the Ballot

 Federal Voting Rights Legislation
 Two Trends in Suffrage

 Voter Turnout
 Administering Elections

 Qualifications for Voting
 Voting Early
 Voting Precincts
 Election Officials
 Voting Systems

 PRIMARY, GENERAL AND SPECIAL ELECTIONS
 Primaries

 Development of Direct Primaries
 Texas Primaries
 Administering Primaries
 Financing Primaries

 General and Special Elections

In addition, you will need to read portions of another reading, which has been posted
as a “.pdf” online for our class. The title is “Texas Politics - Voting, Campaigns, and
Elections.” You will need to read the following sections (“§”):

Ben L. Dyer LSC: Cy-Fair, Government Dept.
Adjunct Certification Program Spring 2017, 6:00-8:00 p.m., Th.

 All of § 2 (“Types of Elections in Texas—Getting on the Ballot and Winning
Public Office”)

 § 3.1 (“Formal Requirements for Voting”)

 § 5.3 (“Historical Barriers to Voting”)

Third, students should read, explore, and creep on, portions of the websites pertaining
to elections in Texas, including, but not limited to, http://www.harrisvotes.org/
(Harris County Elections Division), http://www.county.org/texas-county-
government/county-govt-structure/Pages/Function.aspx (Texas Association of
Counties), https://ballotpedia.org/Municipal_elections_in_Houston,_Texas_(2015)
(discussing the 2015 election in the City of Houston),
http://www.sos.state.tx.us/elections/index.shtml (Texas Secretary of State [elections,
generally]), and http://www.sos.state.tx.us/elections/conducting/index.shtml (Texas
Secretary of State [conducting elections])

Finally, students should read the U.S. CONSTITUTION and all of its amendments
(especially, ARTICLES I [particularly regarding the selection of members of the Senate and
House of Representatives] & II (pertaining to how one votes for the person who holds the office of
“President” and how s/he is ultimately selected), and AMENDMENTS 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 22, 23,
24 and 26).

While preparing for class, please keep the questions below in mind and use them as
guidance. You will be quizzed over one, some or all aspects of questions 1-5 below, and
you may use any handwritten notes created by you to assist in answering the quiz
question(s). As stated in my syllabus, computers are wonderful, but past abuse of this
technology has led to me to eliminate the use of computer-generated notes to assist in
taking any quizzes/mini-tests in my classes. The process of learning information before
class and before being taught material by a teacher/professor is NOT to be prepared to
be tested; instead, we do it to gain a general understanding over material to be covered
and to be prepared to discuss, analyze, synthesize and evaluate it with the assistance of
the teacher/professor. Our goal is to develop an appreciation for government, their
systems and process, and the democratic nature of same in this country.

1. Over what aspects of voting, voting requirements and elections does the
federal government exercise control? Why did it, and has it continued to,
involve itself in these ways?

2. Over what aspects of voting, voting requirements and elections does the
State of Texas exercise control? Why has it limited its involvement in
voting and elections to these areas?

3. Over what aspects of voting, voting requirements and elections do the
counties in the State of Texas exercise control? Why are the counties so
heavily involved in the details of elections?

Ben L. Dyer LSC: Cy-Fair, Government Dept.
Adjunct Certification Program Spring 2017, 6:00-8:00 p.m., Th.

4. In what way(s) are cities/municipalities involved in elections and the
election process?

5. Be able to define the following terms: (a) primary election; (b) general
election; (c) special election; (d) majority election; and (e) plurality
election.

6. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of the current systems, as
well as what it would be like if one level of government controlled all
aspects of our system of elections.

How Will This All Be Assessed in Class?

Students will enter the classroom and sit in groups of four (4). When class starts, I will
hand out five (5) pieces of papers to each table. Each student will get one piece of paper
and put his/her name at the top for Part I of the Quiz. The fifth piece of paper will be
used in Part II of the Quiz.

For Part I of the Quiz (50%), each person at the 7-8 tables (or fewer, if students are
absent) will be instructed to answer Question 1, 2, 3 or 4 and be required to define one
term, depending on where they are sitting at the table. Remember, students can use
their own handwritten notes to assist them in answering the questions. Every person at
the front-left will answer Question 1 and define “primary election,” back-left will
answer Question 2 and define “general election,” back-right will answer Question 3 and
define “majority election,” and front-right will answer Question 4 and define “plurality
election.” After 5-8 minutes, I will collect the individually answered questions.

For Part II of the Quiz, students will all put their names on the fifth sheet of lined paper
that I’ve left at each table of four. Then, they will have 15-20 minutes to answer all of the
questions and define all five (5) of the terms together. They will be required to only
provide me with a minimum of two (2) ways that each type of government is involved
in elections and/or the election process. A timer will be set for 15 minutes, which I will
start once I’ve collected the individual papers. At the end of the 15 minutes, I will tell
the groups to write their final thought and/or finish their sentence. The entire Quiz
should take approximately 25-30 minutes. The goal of the Quiz is to enforce the
“remember” and “understanding” aspects of the lesson (from Bloom’s Taxonomy) and
to allow students to state their respective understandings of pre-class questions and
definitions. By answering the questions, they are also beginning to apply their
understandings of the terms and the respective roles of each level of government.

Second P 

 

COURSE: GOVT 2306 (Texas Government) 

Lesson Title: “Elections & Voting—Whose Rules?” 

Course Student Learning Outcome: Analyze the state and local election process (L.O. #6 for Govt 2306) 

 

Learning Objectives (these should be the ones you wrote in Module 1):  By the end of this lesson, students will be able to… 

1. Compare and contrast the roles of state and local governments in the campaign and voting processes in the State of Texas. 

2. Differentiate between the different types of elections that exist at the state and local government levels in the State of Texas, including, but not limited to, a 

plurality election, a majority election, a partisan election, a non‐partisan election, primary elections, general elections, and run‐off elections. 

 

Participatory Learning: 

Time  Instructor Activities  Learner Activities  Lesson Materials 

 

10‐15  1. Discuss with students the materials being provided  Students are provided with 11 different maps and 20  This lesson pertains to 

minutes  to them on our course webpage at www.edmodo.com  different current events articles, webpages, excerpts from  Chapter 5 of the students’ 

(preceding  and my expectations for the next class on the  textbooks, a law review article, city ordinances, and other  textbook (Practicing Texas 

class)  elections and voting process in the U.S., specifically in  public online materials, which are all related to federal,  Politics, 2015‐16 edition). 

the context of Texas’ role that process. Students will  state, county and municipal involvement in Texas elections.  ‐ included are up to date 

be doing work in class as one of their mini‐project  The Edmodo posting reads as follows:  webpages from (A) the 

grades (~7 assignments for 20% of their total grade).     Texas Secretary of State 

Be sure to have this class on a Wednesday (or Th), so  “I have attached documents for you to skim in order to get  regarding voting and voter 

that the work is done over the 5‐day period between  a feel for how the three/four levels of government carry out  ID directives, registration 

classes and the class wherein the work is done is a  their obligations in the voting and election system in the  directives to the counties, 

Monday (or T). Too much work with effectively 1.5  United States. Here are the overall questions that you  and “how to” pages for 

days in between will cause too many students to not  should ponder and take notes over:  counting votes, taking 

do the preparation for class.  1. What obligations, requirements or rights related to  provisional votes, and any 

2. Inform students that a “Mid‐Term – Terms and  voting and elections does the U.S. federal government  compliance with federal law 

Helpful Questions” review for the next assessment  impose on those carrying out elections and/or grant to  pages; and (B) the Harris 

will also be posted, so that they can stay on track with  voters in the U.S.?  County Tax Assessor‐

their studying. That next assessment happens to not  2. What did you learn about the states’ powers over voting  Collector’s and the Harris 

be a quiz (like I normally give for each chapter), but  and elections based on the U.S. Constitution and the laws  County Clerk’s websites 

instead is their Mid‐Term Exam, which is 10% of their  that have been enacted in Texas by state and local  regarding voter registration, 

grade. By way of background, I give quizzes/mini‐tests  governments since it began holding elections as a state in  becoming a certified voter 

for most chapters of the textbook that we cover.  the U.S.?  registrant, any voting or 

Those “open‐note” assessments account for 35% of  3. What powers have been delegated to the counties by the  election compliance 

the students’ total grade in my class. I say “most”  State of Texas over elections? What powers over voting and  information for becoming 

because we cover approximately 12/14 chapters in  elections to cities have?  worker or volunteer at 

our textbook in preparation for the Final Exam (15%  4. Why do you believe that states give the counties in Texas  voting/polling places on 

of their total grade).  a lot of power over elections and voting issues? Along those  election day, working as an 

Be sure to tell students this information ahead of time  lines, why do cities have less power over elections and  observer for polling places 

because of the age‐old question, “Do we need to  voting than counties?”  on behalf of a political 

know this for the test?” There are so many    party, and/or special 

attachments on Edmodo that I want students to  The second Edmodo posting reads as follows—   instructions to people 

realize that their in‐class assessment on this topic is  “Here are a couple of hints and reminders:  working polling places 

not going to be like the typical “test” and the more  (1) there are some things that each of the four levels of  ‐ there are also excerpts 

specific preparation for the mid‐term on this topic is in  government have in common regarding elections and voting  from textbooks, law review 

conjunction with the in‐class work.  (i.e., in a broad sense, the over‐arching principles for the  articles, and current 

3. Allow students to plan ahead by telling them that  governments in the U.S. are concepts like popular  newspaper/online articles of 

an initial set of questions will appear after class  sovereignty, a democratic republic, the rule of law, the  election and voting law 

today, so that they can start. A second set of helpful  social contract, and constitutionalism; in a more specific  changes, court decisions, or 

hints will be posted two days before class, which  sense, the sanctity and validity of elections is the only thing  positions taken by political 

would be Saturday for a MW class (or Sunday for a  that justifies one person's or a group's permission to  parties, interest groups or 

TTh class).  regulate our conduct);  others, related to same. 

4. “How should I take notes, Mr. Dyer?” Put up a  (2) our system of 'federalism' truly seeks to put 

picture of a map of the precincts of Harris County for  responsibility for carrying out certain functions on the level 

students to see. Ask students “What does this look  of government most motivated to do the job well, the one 

like?” There is a title to the document and on the  most able to do the job, and the one best able to do it in a 

page, so that should be their biggest clues. (A) By way  way that is fair; and 

of interest, show them approximately where Lone Star  (3) doing something differently doesn't necessarily make it 

College—Cy‐Fair Campus is located and estimate the  wrong, but at what point does it become necessary, or at 

precinct number. Personally, I would also look up my  least a good idea, to have procedures, processes, and 

own precinct and take note of it. (B) Ask “Who  methods of communication be the same? 

created these precincts?” Have students take a guess,  The work in class counts as a mini‐project grade and will be 

with pregnant pauses to allow them to think. Explain  one of the last three because of the book report.” 

that it is up to the Harris County Commissioner’s 

Court to create precincts during odd‐numbered years 

based on population shifts and growth in the county. 

Precincts should be from 100 to 5000 registered 

voters in size. This is an obligation placed on counties 

by the State of Texas, in order to facilitate the 

administration of primaries and general elections—

for purposes of electing delegates, as well as ensuring 

that people are able to vote at a location close to 

them on whichever Election Day we are dealing with. 

Day 1 of  1. Divide students into groups of 3‐4 students, which  Tell students the following:  1. Need a computer or 
Lesson: 
0:00‐ then creates 7‐8 groups of students in the class. I will  “You will have 15 minutes to answer three (3) questions.  wipeboard with dry‐erase 

have to arrive early to put two tables together and  Everyone must answer Question #5. I will tell you which  markers. 

10:00;  four chairs around them. They will be strategically  tables are to answer Questions 1 & 3 and which tables  2. Need my flash drive with 
then  placed throughout the classroom, where students can  answer Questions 2 & 4. For your answer to each of the  the materials on it. 
10:00‐ talk as a group and not disturb nearby groups too  three (3) questions, you must give me two (2) answers. You  3. Need at least 35‐40 half‐
15:00  much. Two (2) chairs will be placed on each long side  must work alone for the first ten (10) minutes. Thereafter,  sheets of paper per class, in 
of the trapezoid‐shaped tables, which will create two  you have five (5) minutes to work with your ‘elbow  case some students mess 
pairs of two students if there are four at each table. If  partner’—the one person who is on your side of the table  up and want to start again. 
three per group, then it won’t matter where the  with you. If your group has three in it, then all three (3) of  4. Have a few extra pens or 
chairs are placed.  you can work together quietly for that last five minutes.  pencils in case a student 
2. Students will have a half‐sheet of paper at their  Here are your questions.”  forgets one. 
seat, where they will each answer three out of five     
questions that I give to them. All students will answer  On the board or screen, have these questions listed and  After students have started 
Q#5, then half will answer Q#1 & Q#3 and other half  then alternate between tables to assign Q#1 & Q#3, or Q#2  pre‐quiz, I will hand out the 
will answer Q#2 & Q#4 (see next column). The  & Q#4. Be sure to remind students that they are answering  rest of the materials. 
questions will be written out on the board behind the  three (3) questions, either 1, 3 & 5, or 2, 4 & 5.   
projector screen, or I will have it on a PowerPoint‐   5. I will provide each table 
type slide on the screen (all depends on whether the  “1. Identify and describe two (2) obligations, requirements  with a Sharpie black marker, 
electronics work! Back‐up plans are good).  or rights related to voting and elections that the U.S.  at least two colors of other 
3. The first ten (10) minutes are spent doing the work  (federal) government imposes on those carrying out  markers (random colors), a 
on their own, then the last five (5) minutes are time  elections and/or grant to voters in the U.S.?  set of colored pencils, a 24‐
where students have the option of working with their  2. Identify and describe two (2) obligations, requirements or  pack of crayons, scissors 
“elbow partner,” though I know that they will hear  rights related to voting and elections that the State of Texas  and a glue stick. 
and possibly work with the other one or two people  has passed into law regarding elections and/or grants to  6. Prior to class, I will have 
at their table. If there are three to a table, they can all  voters?  glued a pre‐printed 
work together. Students will have to decide what is  3. Identify and describe two (2) obligations, requirements or  template for a puzzle to a 
most efficient for them.  rights related to voting and elections that counties in the  sheet of construction paper 
4. The three (3) questions are worth eight (8) points  State of Texas have or have created/passed into law  (various colors). I will have 
each. Students must come up with two (2) answers  regarding elections, and/or grant to voters?  cut the edges off of the 
for each question, so it is really four (4) points per  4. Identify and describe two (2) obligations, requirements or  construction paper and 
correct answer.  rights related to voting and elections that cities and/or  printed page, so that the 
special districts have or have created/passed into law  edge of the puzzle is the 
regarding elections, and/or grant to voters?  edge of the paper. The 
5. What are two (2) problems or weaknesses of the system  construction paper is there 
of elections in the U.S. based on what you’ve learned about  so that the puzzle is more 
the powers of each level of government and how the  stable and doesn’t rip too 
elections processes are carried out?”  easily. 
7. Each table will get a 
single puzzle template 
(printed page and 
construction paper) to do 
their work on during class. 

15:00‐ 1. I will hand out a worksheet entitled, “Chapter 5:  “Brainstorm” from the “Elections & Voting—Whose Rules?”   
30:00  Elections & Voting—Whose Rules?,” which sets forth  worksheet  1. 35‐40 copies of the 
the rubric for grading the entire mini‐project grade    The instructions are as follows: “As a group,  “Chapter 5: Elections & 
30:00‐ for this class.  brainstorm four (4) words or terms that best describe the  Voting—Whose Rules?” 
75:00  2. As I hand out the worksheet, I will also collect  voting and election rules for each level of government. You  worksheet for each class. 
everyone’s half‐sheet of answers to the three (3) pre‐ may not use the names of “Acts” or cases as part of your  2. Students are permitted to 
quiz questions. I will then set it aside for grading,  lists. (16 pts)”  use their own notes, their 
once I’ve collected all of the papers.    textbooks, and the Internet 
3. I will tell students (as I hand out papers) to read    On the worksheet, students will fill in a four‐ (hopefully there are Wi‐Fi 
through the entire worksheet to get a ‘flavor’ for  column, two row chart. The titles of the columns in the first  connections in the 
what we are doing in class.  row are “Federal,” “State (Texas),” “County,” and  classroom). 
4. Once I’m done collecting and handing papers out, I  “Local/Municipal.” The four descriptive words/terms go 
will explain the worksheet to them. For this first 15  into the respective rows under the headings.  1. Each group has been 
minutes, I want them to do the “Brainstorm” in #2 on    given the pre‐printed puzzle 
the worksheet. As a group (the 3‐4 at the joined  Once completed, students should read the instructions for  template, which has been 
table), they are to come up with words to describe  the rest of the sheet and start on #3.  glued to a piece of 
the elections and voting work/jobs being done by  construction paper. Edges 
each of the four levels of government—federal, state,  “Puzzled?” from the “Elections & Voting—Whose Rules?” 
county, and city/municipal/special district. They are  worksheet 
to come up with four (4) words/terms that would tell    The instructions are as follows: “Your group has 
an outside person the rights, obligations, and/or  been given the _______________ level of government. On 
responsibilities of each level of government in voting  the back of this paper, sketch a puzzle that incorporates ten 
and elections. THEY MAY NOT use the names of 
“Acts” passed by a legislative body or the names of 
court cases related to voting and elections at that 
level. 
5. At this point, they are allowed to use their notes, 
their textbooks, and the Internet to help them come 
up with answers to these questions. 
6. I will walk around the room to monitor the groups’ 
progress and ensure that teams are on‐task, know my 
expectations, and have at least one solid answers for 
each column. 
 
1. Bringing the class to order, I will then explain the 
“Puzzled?” activity, where groups create their own 
puzzle for an assigned level of government. Groups 
will work on this aspect of the assignment until 
almost the end of class. I will leave five (5) minutes 

for a homework description and debriefing.  (10) words/terms and three (3) pictures, which would  have been trimmed off of 

2. Based on location, I will assign two (2) groups to do  identify and describe the role of your level of government in  the paper/construction 

a puzzle on the work of the federal government in  the voting and election system in the U.S. and Texas. Once  paper, so that the edge of 

voting and elections, two groups to create a puzzle  each of you has sketched out and created your own,  the puzzle is the edge of the 

that reflects and demonstrates the work of states  combine your work into one puzzle that you will present to  paper provided. 

(specifically the State of Texas) in elections and  the class and can be passed down to future classes to help  2. Groups will write on, 

protecting voting rights, and two groups to create a  them understand this topic. (33 pts)”  draw on, decorate, color, 

similar puzzle for the work of counties. Depending on    and otherwise create, their 

the size of my class and the number of students in  Ensure that all students are aware of the following, which I  own unique puzzle. They 

attendance, I will at least assign one (1) group to  will have instructed them on prior to letting them work in  will use the Sharpie, 

create a fourth type of puzzle regarding the work of  groups:  markers, crayons, colored 

cities/municipalities/special districts in elections and  1. The pre‐printed puzzle template with construction paper  pencils, and any other 

in protecting voting rights. If I have a full house (29 or  backing is the group’s “final version” of the puzzle they will  materials they have in their 

30 students), I will give a second group this  present to, and discuss with, the class during the next class  own possession. I have 

assignment too.  period.  provided extra glue in the 

3. I will also be sure to assign a level of government to  2. Everyone in the group should be prepared to present the  event the pre‐printed paper 

students who did not previously answer questions in  information in the final version of the puzzle, in the event  separates from its 

the pre‐quiz phase on that same level of government.  other members of the group are not in the next class.  construction paper backing. 

In other words, students who answered questions on  3. Everyone in the group should use the back of their own  3. Be sure to set a timer, 

the federal and county governments (Q#1 & Q#3) will  worksheet to take notes, create their own puzzle that  have an alarm, or stay 

be assigned to create a puzzle for the State of Texas  makes sense to them, and/or use the extra copy of the  cognizant of your time in 

or the city/municipal/special district governments,  puzzle for their own purposes, so that they get the most out  class. Set the reminder for 

and vice‐versa.  of the activity.  ten (10) and five (5) minutes 

4. Students are tasked to create a puzzle for their  4. Everyone in the group is responsible for handing in their  before the end of class. 

respective assigned level of government with the goal  own completed copy of the worksheet after the first fifteen 

of teaching/informing others of what their level of  (15) minutes of the next class period. 

government does to assist in elections and in  5. I will be collecting all work at the end of the class—the 

protecting/creating voting rights.  puzzle and all worksheets—to ensure that work is being 

5. On the back of the worksheet, each person has a  done in class. This is to ensure that students are preparing 

copy of the puzzle template, so that they can (a) use  for class and not just waiting to do their work at home. 

it as a template for the group’s final version of a   

puzzle, (b) take notes on their assigned level of  Before class ends, students should take a picture of their 

government, (c) use the various shapes to separate  worksheet, so that they can think about and work on parts 

their notes on different topics covered by the group  4, 5 & 6 at home/outside of class. 

or me in class on certain voting rights or election 

responsibilities, or (d) use it as a teaching tool (i.e., 

gerrymandering, redistricting, etc.) or “doodle” area 

to pass the time while they work. The back of the 

paper is for students to use for any purpose they 

desire. 

70:00  6. Groups must use at least ten (10) words or terms    Walk around and provide 
to describe the role of their assigned level of  each table with a binder clip 
75:00‐ government and create, paste, draw, etc., at least  or paper clip, so that each 
80:00  three (3) pictures that help do the same.  table’s work is kept 
7. Groups should use their imagination when  together and can be handed 
designing, coloring and presenting their ideas on the  out easily during the next 
puzzle—the more imaginative, the better.  class period. 
8. Groups will present their work to the class during   
the next class period after fifteen minutes has passed.
9. Students will be handing in the puzzle and their  Be sure to have posted the 
worksheets at the end of class, so I can ensure that  review sheet for the mid‐
work is being done in class and students are  term exam, which has the 
preparing for class ahead of time.  concepts and ideas that 
  students should be sure to 
Give a reminder to students that I will be stopping  know. If they don’t 
them in five (5) minutes to wrap things up for the  understand, they will have 
class period, give them time to clean up their  an opportunity to ask me 
materials, and give some instructions for the next  about them during the next 
class period.  class in preparation for that 
next assessment. 
1. Remind students to leave their worksheets and  1. Before class ends, students should take a picture of their 
“almost completed” puzzles on their tables.  worksheet, so that they can think about and work on parts 
2. Have students take out their phones, so that they  4, 5 & 6 at home/outside of class. 
can take a picture of Questions #4, 5 & 6 on the  2. Be sure to have scanned and surveyed the materials 
worksheet.  posted on Edmodo.  
3. Have students read Questions #4, 5 & 6.  3. Be sure to have read chapter 5 on voting and elections in 
4. Briefly explain that they will be creating fake  Texas. 
tweets, posts of a picture or meme to Instagram or 
Snapchat, and posts to Facebook. Each has a different 
purpose, so be sure to keep the separate purposes in 
mind when creating them. 
5. Ask students if they have any questions on what 
they’ve done in class today or what they are being 
asked to do in the last three (3) questions. 
6. Explain that the whole purpose in them taking 
pictures of Questions #4, 5 & 6 on the worksheet is so 
that they can do this type of work at home. My 
expectation is that students will fill in the blanks of 

Day 2 of  the last three (3) questions during the first fifteen  1. Complete Questions #4, 5 & 6 on the worksheet.  1. Have student work ready 
Lesson:  (15) minutes of the next class and put the finishing  2. Complete the puzzle.  for pick‐up for each table. 
0:00‐ touches on their puzzles during that time as well.  3. Prepare to present the puzzle to the class, which means  2. Have Sharpies, colored 
30:00  7. Collect the 7‐8 groups’ work, ensuring that each  to explain why the terms and pictures are on it.  markers, crayons, colored 
group’s work is clipped together.  pencils, glue, extra 
30:00‐ 8. Remind students that the work they’re doing will  1. Present your puzzle to the class and field questions from  construction paper, and 
60:00  only mean something if they’ve scanned through the  students who don’t understand points that you’ve made.  extra templates available 
posted materials on Edmodo and if they’ve, at the  2. Take notes over what other groups have presented,  (just in case). No need to 
very least, read chapter 5 on voting and elections in  including the group that researched the same level of  waste time handing it out. 
Texas.  government as your group. In addition, take note of Mr.  3. Check the school’s 
  Dyer’s comments and questions.  Internet access. 
1. Have students from each group come to me to get  3. Ask questions of the group members and/or Mr. Dyer if  4. Have PowToon video 
their materials as they enter the classroom. They can  you don’t understand any of the points made or  ready to play on computer. 
start on their work whenever they wish prior to class,  5. Be sure that projector is 
if so desired.  working and sound is able 
2. Open class with a reminder that they should be (a)  to be heard. 
working to complete Questions #4, 5 & 6 on the 
worksheet, which they should have worked on as   
homework, (b) finishing their puzzle, and (c) 
preparing to present their puzzle to the class by 
explaining each of the terms they chose and why they 
chose the three pictures. 
3. I tell students that they have fifteen minutes, but I 
know that this whole process will take around twenty 
minutes. Students show up late to class and/or have 
an undying need to socialize with one another before 
class begins. 
4. Make the markers, etc., available to students at a 
table in the front of the room. Students can come 
pick that material up for use during class. No need to 
hand the materials out and waste energy. 
 
1. Collect students’ worksheets. 
2. Students will stand to present their puzzle to the 
class and explain their work. Have the two groups for 
the federal government go first, the two groups for 
the State of Texas present their material next, the 
two groups who investigated the county 
governments’ obligations will go third, and the last 
group(s) will be discussing the role of 

city/municipal/special district governments.  information being presented. 

3. As needed, interject information to help clarify  4. Watch Mr. Dyer’s summary video/PowToon presentation 

what students are saying, correct groups as needed in  5. Ask questions about the summary video, if necessary 

the event they are incorrect or mislead the other 

students, and summarize points made, if the speakers 

are nervous or appear anxious. 

4. Once the groups have finished, I plan to ask some 

questions of everyone on my own.  

“A. What did you learn about the states’ powers over 

voting and elections based on the U.S. Constitution 

and the laws that have been enacted in Texas by state 

and local governments since it began holding 

elections as a state in the U.S.? [Try to develop a 

discussion about how voting and election laws have 

changed over time—who can vote, how political 

parties have changed our election system, and why 

we continue to struggle over these rights today.] 

B. Why do you believe that states give the counties in 

Texas a lot of power over elections and voting issues? 

Along those lines, why do cities have less power over 

elections and voting than counties?  

C. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the 

system of elections in the U.S. based on what you’ve 

learned about the powers of each level of government 

and how the elections processes are carried out? 

D. How would you improve our system? 

E. What do the concepts of ‘rule of law,’ ‘popular 

sovereignty,’ and ‘social contract’ have to do with our 

voting and elections system in the U.S.? 

F. As the Texas Secretary of State, how would you 

respond to President Trump’s allegations that our 

2016 Presidential election was full of corruption and 

illegal voting in all the states? Let’s assume that he 

specifically pointed out corruption and illegal voting in 

Texas as being a problem.” 

5. SUMMARY: finish the lesson with a PowToon video 

that summarizes the materials. Have students watch 

and ask questions, if necessary. Make it accessible to 

students for later review. 

 

60:00‐ Review for Mid‐Term exam  Ask questions of Mr. Dyer regarding the information being  Have a copy of the mid‐
80:00  assessed on the mid‐term exam  term review sheet  
 
 

2/20/2017 Texas Voter ID Law Violates Voting Rights Act, Court Rules | The Texas Tribune

Texas Voter ID Law Violates Voting Rights Act, Court
Rules

Texas’ voter identi cation law violates the U.S. law prohibiting racial discrimination in
elections, a federal appeals court ruled Wednesday.   

BY JIM MALEWITZ JULY 20, 2016 1:51 PM

 Illustration by Cheryl Gerber / Todd Wiseman

Editor's note: This story has been updated throughout.

Texas’ voter identi cation law violates the U.S. law prohibiting racial discrimination in elections,
a federal appeals court ruled Wednesday. 

The U.S. 5th Circuit Court of Appeals af rmed previous rulings that the 2011 voter ID law —
which stipulates the types of photo identi cation election of cials can and cannot accept at the

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polls — does not comply with the Voting Rights Act.

The full court's ruling delivered the strongest blow yet to what is widely viewed as the nation’s
strictest voter ID law. Under the law, most citizens (some, like people with disabilities, can be
exempt) must show one of a handful of types of identi cation before their ballots can be counted:
a state driver's license or ID card, a concealed handgun license, a U.S. passport, a military ID card,
or a U.S citizenship certi cate with a photo. 

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Texas is among nine states categorized as requiring "strict photo ID," and its list of acceptable
forms is the shortest.

READ MORE  State's Tab Defending Voter ID $3.5 Million So Far

Texas’ losing streak continued in its efforts to defend its law, ghting challenges from the U.S.
Department of Justice, minority groups and voting rights advocates. Wednesday's ruling did not
immediately halt the voter ID law, which has been in effect since 2013. The judges instructed a
lower court to draw up a remedy. 

In a statement on Wednesday, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton called the ruling
“unfortunate.”

“It is imperative that the State government safeguards our elections and ensures the integrity of
our democratic process. Preventing voter fraud is essential to accurately re ecting the will of
Texas voters during elections,” he said. 

Experts have closely watched the case, calling it one of two such battles that the U.S. Supreme
Court could ultimately settle, helping to determine the point that states — which assert they are
protecting the integrity of elections — cross over into disenfranchisement.

The 5th Circuit is considered one of the country’s most conservative appellate courts, with 1o of
its 15 members having been appointed by Republican presidents. 

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The case centered on whether Texas discriminated against Hispanic and African-American voters
when it passed the legislation: Senate Bill 14.

Paxton, Gov. Greg Abbott and other proponents argued that the law was needed to bolster
security at the ballot box by preventing voter fraud, but opponents cite the paucity of proven in-
person voter fraud in the state and argue the intent was to undercut the electoral strength of the
state’s growing minority population — people less likely to have photo identi cation or the
means to obtain an election certi cate.

Experts have testi ed that more than 600,000 Texans lack such identi cation, though not all of
them have necessarily tried to vote. Those citizens can obtain “election identi cation
certi cates” free of charge, but only if they are able to produce a copy of their birth certi cate.

Standing before the judges in May, opponents of the identi cation law argued that not all voter
ID rules discriminate, but Texas’ unusually short list of what’s acceptable is burdensome for
certain voters — particularly minorities.

Texas argued that opponents of the law had "failed to identify a single individual who faces a
substantial obstacle to voting because of SB 14." In Wednesday's ruling, the judges rejected that
argument. 

"For one thing, the district court found that multiple Plaintiffs were turned away when they
attempted to vote, and some of those Plaintiffs were not offered provisional ballots to attempt to
resolve the issue," the ruling stated.

The ruling also af rmed the lower court's nding that Texas'  "lackluster educational efforts
resulted in additional burdens on Texas voters."

Seven of the court's 15 judges backed the decision in full. Two other judges backed most of the
decision. Dissenting judges wrote that the "en banc court is gravely fractured and without a
consensus. There is no majority opinion, but only a plurality opinion that draws six separate
dissenting opinions and a special concurrence."

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More speci c to the Texas law, some of the dissenting judges wrote that "requiring a voter to
verify her identity with a photo ID at the polling place is a reasonable requirement widely
supported by Texans of all races and members of the public belonging to both political parties."

Voting rights advocates were quick to praise the appeals court's overall decision Wednesday.

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“We have repeatedly proven — using hard facts — that the Texas voter ID law discriminates
against minority voters,” Gerry Hebert, executive director of the Campaign Legal Center and an
attorney for the plaintiffs, said in a statement. “The 5th Circuit’s full panel of judges now agrees,
joining every other federal court that has reviewed this law. We are extremely pleased with this
outcome.”

Gov. Rick Perry signed the law in 2011, kickstarting its convoluted journey through the federal
court system.

Early legal challenges put the rules on hold until 2013, when the U.S. Supreme Court struck
down part of the Voting Rights Act, ruling that Texas and other states with a history of racial
discrimination no longer automatically needed federal pre-clearance when changing election
laws.

In August 2015, a three-judge 5th Circuit panel ruled that the law did have a “discriminatory
effect,” in violation of the Voting Rights Act, although it did not constitute a poll tax as a lower
court had ruled.

Wednesday's ruling af rmed those ndings, and sent the case back to the U.S. District Court for
the Southern District of Texas. 

"The district court’s lengthy opinion goes through the evidence supporting its ndings in great
detail," according to the opinion on the discrimination nding. "A few examples show that the
district court relied on concrete evidence regarding the excessive burdens faced by Plaintiffs in
making its ndings."

The appeals court, however, reversed the district court's ruling that the Legislature had intended
to discriminate against certain voters. Though some evidence "could support" that conclusion,
the ruling said, the overall ndings were "in rm."  The judges told the district court to reconsider
the evidence.

On Wednesday, Abbott cheered that nding, but lamented the rest of the ruling. 

"Voter fraud is real, and it undermines the integrity of the election process," he said in a
statement. 

It's not clear what that court's remedy might look like. Experts called it unlikely that the court
would throw out the law completely. 

"The remedy is NOT going to be to strike the Texas voter ID law as a whole," but instead to
fashion some kind of relief that give people who have a reasonable impediment to getting an ID
the chance to get one," Rick Hasen, an elections expert at the University of California, Irvine
School of Law, wrote on his blog.

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"Further, given the timing of the election, the trial court has to craft some kind of interim relief
and then can gure out a more comprehensive solution after the next election," Hasen added.

After each loss, Texas has appealed. Through April, Paxton’s of ce had spent more than $3.5
million defending the law in several lawsuits, its records show. 

 

Texas Voter ID: A Convoluted Legal History

Texas has spent millions of taxpayer dollars defending a Voter ID law that —
depending on whom you ask — either protects the integrity of elections or
disenfranchises minority voters. Here is a case-by-case-breakdown of those
costs, which include court fees, expert witnesses, travel, staff time and other
items. With challenges still winding through the courts, the tab will continue to
grow. Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton’s office provided spending
estimates in response to a public information request. The information is
current as of April 2016.

Cour t Case Amount
Spent

  Texas Sues for Fed Approval  $1.7
Texas v. Holder  million

With the federal government taking months to "pre-clear" SB 14 under the
Voting Rights Act, Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott filed this lawsuit to cut
through the bureaucracy. It became irrelevant when the U.S. Supreme Court
voided parts of the Voting Rights Act.

  Voter ID Critics Sue Texas  $1.7
Veasey v. Abbott (previously v. Rick Perry et al.)  million

After a separate Voting Rights Act ruling allowed SB 14 to go into effect, U.S.

Rep. Marc Veasey filed this suit in an attempt to block the law, which he

alleges is discriminatory.

  Feds Sue Texas over Voter ID  $5,300
U.S.A. v. Texas et al. 

The U.S. Department of Justice filed this lawsuit seeking to block the ID law. It

was later merged with the Veasey case.

  Minority Groups Challenge Texas Law  No
Texas NAACP Branches et al. v. Steen et al.  records

The Texas State Conference of NAACP Branches and the Texas House’s found,

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2/20/2017The Texas State ConferenceT oexfa Ns VAotAerC IDP L aBwr aVinolcathese Vso tainng dR itghhtes  ATcet,x Caosur tH Rouuless e| T’she Texas Tribune Attorney

Mexican American Legislative Caucus filed this lawsuit against the ID law. It General

also was later merged with the Veasey case.

says

  Texas Judge Sues Texas over Voter ID  $37,000
Meyers v. Texas 

Judge Lawrence “Larry” Meyers sued Texas in state courts, claiming that the
Texas Constitution allows lawmakers to "detect and punish" voter fraud but
does not allow laws aimed specifically at preventing the crime. He later
dropped his suit.

Senate Bill 14 requires voters to present one of seven forms of photo ID at the
polls: a Texas driver's license, state personal identification card, state license
to carry a handgun, U.S. military identification card, U.S. citizenship
certificate, U.S. passport or Texas Election Identification Certificate. The law is
considered the nation’s strictest because the list of acceptable IDs is narrower
than any other state’s. Texas has spent more than five years defending the law
in court. The timeline below chronicles those battles.

May 27, 2011  Voter ID Signed into Law

Gov. Rick Perry declared voter ID legislation an "emergency item," and SB 14 sailed
through the Legislature on the way to his desk. The new law had to receive "pre-
clearance" from the U.S. Department of Justice before it could take effect under a
section of the Voting Rights Act, the federal law that prohibits racial discrimination in
voting. At that time, Texas was on the list of states and counties with a history of
discrimination that were subject to federal scrutiny of any changes in voting laws.

Jan. 23, 2012  Texas Sues for Federal Approval

  Texas v. Holder

For months, the U.S. Department of Justice refused to render a decision on the law.
Aiming to cut through that bureaucracy, Texas Attorney General Greg Abbott sued.
Abbott argued that because the U.S. Supreme Court already decided that Indiana's
photo ID law passed constitutional muster, the Texas law should be approved — but
opponents pointed out that the Texas law is considerably stricter.

Aug. 30, 2012  Federal Judges Reject Texas Law 6/12
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  Texas v. Holder

A panel of judges on the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia handed
Texas its first setback in the case when it rejected the voter ID law, concluding that
its requirements would "likely have a retrogressive effect" on minority voting.

June 25, 2013  Texas Voter ID Takes Effect

In a separate voting rights case — Shelby County v. Holder — the U.S. Supreme
Court struck down Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act, voiding the formula that put
Texas on the list of states needing federal approval for new election laws. That ruling
allowed SB 14 to take effect.

June 26, 2013  Voter ID Critics Sue Texas

  Veasey v. Abbott (previously v. Rick Perry et al.)

The Shelby County decision prompted of flurry of new challenges to the Texas law,
including a lawsuit filed by U.S. Rep. Marc Veasey, who asked federal judges to
block SB 14 as the litigation unfolded.

Aug. 22, 2013  U.S. Justice Department Sues Texas as Well

  U.S.A. v. Texas et al.

The U.S. Department of Justice joined the legal effort against Texas. “We will not
allow the Supreme Court’s recent decision to be interpreted as open season for
states to pursue measures that suppress voting rights,” U.S. Attorney General Eric
Holder said at the time. The justice department also targeted Texas' redistricting
maps.

Sept. 17, 2013  Minority Groups Challenge the Law

  Texas NAACP Branches et al. v. John Steen et al.

Two more groups joined the fight against SB 14: the Texas State Conference of
NAACP Branches and the Texas House’s Mexican American Legislative Caucus.
They filed a federal lawsuit in Corpus Christi.

Sept. 11, 2014  Texas Judge Files His Own Lawsuit 7/12

  Meyers v. Texas

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Judge Lawrence “Larry” Meyers made a different type of argument against the voter
ID requirements when he challenged them in Texas courts. In his suit, filed in Dallas
County, the Republican-turned-Democrat argued that the Texas Constitution gives
lawmakers power to "detect and punish" election fraud only when it has already
occurred but and does not mention preventing election fraud among legislative

powers.

Oct. 9, 2014  District Judge Strikes Down Requirements

  Veasey v. Abbott (previously v. Rick Perry et al.)

After a lengthy trial, opponents of the Texas law scored a victory in a ruling from U.S.
District Judge Nelva Gonzales Ramos. Texas imposed the requirements “with an
unconstitutional discriminatory purpose," she ruled, and the law "constitutes an
unconstitutional poll tax.” The ruling came just two weeks before the start of early
voting in a general election featuring a race for governor. She ordered Texas to drop
the ID requirements for the elections, and Texas quickly appealed.

Oct. 14, 2014  ID Requirements Reinstated

  Veasey v. Abbott (previously v. Rick Perry et al.)

Days later, the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the lower court's
decision, keeping the rules in place for the 2014 election. "The judgment below
substantially disturbs the election process of the State of Texas just nine days before
early voting begins," the court wrote of Ramos' ruling. That ruling, however, only
answered the immediate question regarding the law's status during the election. A
three-judge panel heard oral arguments on the broader issues months later.

Aug. 5, 2015  Appeals Panel Rules Against Texas

  Veasey v. Abbott (previously v. Rick Perry et al.)

The 5th Circuit panel handed plaintiffs a victory, but a narrower one than Ramos
offered. The law has "discriminatory effect," the judges ruled, but it is not a "poll tax."
Texas appealed that ruling.

March 9, 2016  Court Accepts Texas Appeal 8/12
  Veasey v. Abbott (previously v. Rick Perry et al.)

All 15 judges of the 5th Circuit agreed to hear the state's appeal.

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2/20/2017 Texas Voter ID Law Violates Voting Rights Act, Court Rules | The Texas Tribune

April 29, 2016  Supreme Court Keeps Law Intact — For Now

  Veasey v. Abbott (previously v. Rick Perry et al.)

The U.S. Supreme Court denied plantiffs's request to block SB 14 during the next
elections but left the door open for them to ask again if the 5th Circuit doesn’t rule by
July 20.

July 20, 2016  Court Affirms Texas Voting Law Violates Voting
Rights Act

  Veasey v. Abbott (previously v. Rick Perry et al.)

The U.S. 5th Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed previous rulings that the 2011 voter ID
law does not comply with the Voting Rights Act.

Source: Texas Attorney General's Office
Credit: Lindsay Carbonell

REFERENCE MATERIAL

 5th Circuit Court's Ruling on Texas Voter ID Law
(1.2 MB) DOWNLOAD

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N SAM HOUSTON PKWY W N SAM HOUSTON PKWY E N BW 8 E N SAM HOUSTON PKWY E !(8 N BW 8 E 0960
0118
0125 0597 0873 0613 0970 0834 0705 0767 0421
0959
0480 N BW 8 W N BW 8 W N SAM HOUSTON PKWY W 0934 0936 0738 ALDINE BENDER RD
0980 0737
0640 1960 RD STTOONNPPKKWWYY MILLER WILSON RD CROSBY FWY
FM WINDFERN RD 0884 0733 DEUSSEN PKWY 0097 N MAIN ST
NORTHWEST FWY W
0244 0697 0990 1012 LUTHE RD 0397 N SAM HOUSTON PKWY E BW 8 N
0862 0548 HARDY RD
FALLBR O O K D R 0061
0864 0423 RUNNEBURG RD LINDSTROM RD

0624 FRY RD 0868 FALLBROOK DR VETERANS MEMORIAL DR 0743 LOCKWOOD RD 1ST ST FM 2100 RD CROSBY FWY
0496
0314 0713 JONES RD 0671 HOUSTON PKWY N WEST RD 0409 0792 0380 1008
NORTHWEST FWY 0495 SAM 0664
0709 0050 HEMPSTEAD RD 0518 W 0977TOMBALL PKWY NORTH FWY AIRLINE DR E HARDY RD 0241 0411 §¦¨69 N LAKE HOUSTON PKWY KRENEK RD
0225NORTHWEST FWY W SAM HOUSTON PKWY N
SHARP RD 0149 0759 FAIRBANKS N HOUSTON RD N HOUSTON ROSSLYN RD 0961 ALDINE MAIL RD WINFIELD RD 0497 US 90 KRENEK RD 36
LONGENBAUGH RD
0143 WEST RD 0366 0595 0780 0096 0531
0119 0408
0687 0656 CROSBY FWY KENNINGS RD
CR OSBY F CWRYOSBY FWY
0609 NORTH FWY 0382 0988

BREEN DR W MOUNT HOUSTON RD 0608 HARDY TOLL N S LAK OUSTON PKWY
H E
0467 0855 0185 0584 MOUNT HOUSTON RD
STUEBNER AIRLINE RD
0875 LONGENBAUGH RD 0800 NORTHWEST FWY W MOUNT HOUSTON RD 0494 0987 EASTEX FWY 0832 SRALLA RD
0667
0803 0616 0789 0512 0904 0661 08700859 0723 0861 N IH 45 HOV GARRETT RD GARRETT RD
0642 0939 0628
0598 N ELDRIDGE PKWY 0074 0593 MONTGOMERY RD 0779 0591 C E KING PKWY 8N 0965 0251
0617 W E BW
N SH 6 W HARDY RD HOPPER RD 0963
LONGENBAUGH RD 0790 QUEENSTON BLVD WINDFERN RD 0320 0321 0254
0571 KW
0919 0651 0197 0104

BARKER CYPRESS RD 0594 0147 0109 0169 S VICTORY DR LITTLE YORK RD JOHN RALSTON RD

529 FM 529 RD LITTLE YORK RD 0396

PEEK RD 0991 SENATE AVE E LITTLE YORK RD 0714 0937LANGLEY RD E SAM HOUSTON P US 90 CROSBY LYNCHBURG RD
PORTER RD 0252 E SAM HOUSTON PKWY N
KATY HOCKLEY CUT OFF RD 0898 0260 VICTORY DR 0579 0787 BEAUMONT HWY 0063
0326 080395090910
0848 0077 0976
0553 0364 HARDY TOLL S 0454 0585 FM
FULTON ST MAIN ST 1942 RD
0712 US 290 HWY W LITTLE YORK RD 0045 MILLER ROAD NO 1
0676 T C JESTER BLVD 0677 MESA DR 290150
0971 WINDFERN RD E PARKER RD PARKER RD
0622 W PARKER RD
0152
0398 W SAM HOUSTON PKWY N WHEATLEY ST 0205 MILLER ROAD NO 3
0882 0771 0155 0701 0498 0322 0450 0327 0261 0795 0212
0157 0365 0989 0151 TIDWELL RD
0643 TANNER RD US 290 HOV W TIDWELL RD 0105 BARBERS HILL RD HADDEN RD
0975 0401
0881 KEITH HARROW BLVD 0576 0611 0371

0325 0683E TIDWELL RD US 90 MILLER ROAD NO 2
0914
0913 0383 £¤0966 290 0107 0007 GREEN RIVER DR YN MAIN ST
0775
0523 0341 LAURA KOPPE RD FIG ORCHARD RD HANEY RD

0877 0951 !(6 !(8 BLALOCK RD 0270 PINEMONT DR 0836 0184 BERRY RD 0930 0230 0583 0784 0387
0305 0122
STOCKDICK SCHOOL RD 0517 BRITTMOORE RD S PINEMONT DR 0578 WEAVER RD S LAKE HOUSTON PK WY 0103 10-10 E
0650 W BW 8 N
0331 0689 HEMPSTEAD RD 1004 0324 LEY RD 0115 N MAIN ST EAST FWY SJOLANDER RD E
0797
MANGUM RD 0153 0376 CROSBY FWY 0460 0386 E ARCHER RD

0117 Y W 43RD ST ELLA BLVD CROSSTIMBERS ST 0702E CROSSTIMBERS ST 0253 0353 E WALLISVILLE RD
NORTHWEST FW 0582
Y 0505 0448 ROSSLYN RD 0189 0073 W CROSSTIMBERS ST 0192 0778 0171 0574 0168 0145 HOMESTEAD RD KIRKPATRICK BLVD E HOUSTON RD THOMPSON RD
290 HW 0367 N WAYSIDE DR
0310 0264 US 0543 BENNINGTON ST HIRSCH RD BENNINGT O N ST
(!0785 0445 0444 BATTLEBELL RD
CLAY RD 99 (!0621 0927 8 0220 BATTLEBELL RD
10110610 JONES RD 0250
0407 KEMPWOOD DR GESSNER RD 0446 0313 N SHEPHERD DR 0195 0078
N DURHAM DR
0804 HAMMERLY BLVD HOLLISTER ST W 34TH ST 0344 0606 0580 0581 OATES RD UVALDE RD 0741 S MAIN ST

0796 0813 0521 0809 DACO MA 0663 0993N LOOP N LOOP N 0207 09028833L OOP EN IH 610 E N LOOP E N LOOP E N LOOP E N IH 610 E LOOP KELLEY ST N LOOP E N LO OP E US 90 0368
CROSBY FWY 0605
¨¦§ §¦¨KATYFWY W BW 8 N 0179 N LOOP W JENSEN DR E IH 10

WESTVIEW DR N LOOP WN IH 610 W 610 0075 0166 E BW 8 E BW 8

0992 0043 0424 WT N IH 610 W 0818
1009 GROESCHKE RD BINGLE RD RD 0086C N LOOP E 0374 EAST FWY
PATTERSON RD BRITTMOORE RD 0730 JES
MORTON RD 0330 0942 0323 ET IRVINGTON BLVD 0196 0406 0373 JOHN MARTIN RD
W SAM HOUSTON PKWY N 0299 TER BLV C JEST E R W CAVALCADE ST NORTH FWY NORTH FWY 0637 0544 0144 0042 0816 N MCCARTY ST US 90 0354 0725 0413
0639 D
BL W 20TH ST E 20TH ST 0206 EAST FWY WOODFOR EST BLVD DE LL DALE ST CROSBY

W GRAND PKWY N N WESTGREEN BLVD 0879 LONG POINT RD VD 0059 ELYSIAN ST EASTEX FWY CAVALCADE ST LIBERTY RD WADE RD
GREENHOUSE RD
0603 WEST LOOP N W 18TH ST YALE ST 0138 0455 ¦¨§10 CEDAR BAYOU RD
BARKALOO RD
0204 W PATTON ST PATTON ST COLLINGSWORTH ST BROYLES STALTOONA ST N LOOP E E IH 10 SPUR 330 MARKET ST E CEDAR BAYOU LYNCHBURG RD
SPUR 330
N MASON RD 1006 0463 0973 0577 WIRT RD 0054 0058 STUDEWOOD ST 0339 0846 0080 MAXEY RD 0456

SAUMS RD 0165 0707 SILBER RD US 290 HOV 0057 0005 00997187HARDY ST 0381 0740 DECKER DR W CEDAR BAYOU LYNCHBURG RD
0761 ANTOINE DR
FRANZ RD N SH 6 N 0056 1003 0854 0562 EAST FWY CROSBY LYNCHBURG RD
MARKET ST
0120 WESTVIEW DR 0262 CAMPBELL RD 0443 E 11TH ST PECORE ST 0953 0167 0186 WALLISVILLE RD 610 0824 NORMANDY ST 0375 N MAIN ST
0201
0618 0116 W 11TH ST 0053 0004 0046 0865 KRESS ST 0812 N LOOP E 0827 0719
LATHROP ST 0831 0954EAST FWY
C OLONIAL PKW Y 0731 0589 N POST OAK RD 0902 0501 HEIGHTS BLVD 0736 0047 05600811 OATES RD 0266 FREEPORT BLVD 0739
QUITMAN ST M
PA RK ROW DR N MAIN ST 08049844502 H
KATY FORT BEND RD 0720 KATY FWY 0209KATY FWY KATY RD WHITE OAK DR 0044 0412 0079 W BAKER RD SH 146 HWY N SH 146

IH 10 W IH 10 T C JESTER BLVD W 6TH ST 0900LORRAINE ST 0161 0905 0821 FEDERAL RD
WESTCOTT ST 0867
IH 10 HOV W IH 10 0439 0160 WACO ST LYONS AVE 0769 EAST FWY 0141 MASSEY TOMKINS RD
0838
¨¦§10 W IH 10 S SH 6 S N KIRKWOOD RD W SAM HOUSTON PKWY N 0071 KATY FWY 0055 STUDEMONT ST 0001 0999 HOGAN ST 9 HO V N US 59 EASETASFTWFYWY EAST FWY E LOOP N 0935 OUSTON PKWY N 0028 0414
KATY FWY MARKET ST E SA
W GRAND PKWY S 0400 0441 SHEPHERD DR HOUSTON AVE LANIER DR
N WILCREST DR 0265 0003 CROCKETT ST 0229
0274 W IH 610 N LOCKWOOD DR ROLLINGBROOK DR ROLLINGBROOK ST

W GRAND PKWY S 0095 0483 DAIRY ASHFORD RD GESSNER RD ST 0259 MCCARTY ST FERRY RD
SA WYER 01870810
0751 KINGSLAND B LVD 0522 S FRY RD 0461 0309 MEMORIAL DR PINEY POINT RD 0213 VOSS RD WESTCOTT ST0710 WASHINGTON AVE 0681 0369 0962 08N U6S 65 0159 0048 HIRSCH RD 0202 E IH 610 N E IH 610 N 0163 BAYWAY DR

0509 BRIAR FOREST DR 0258 0269 W IH 610 N 0052 0886 0002 09016875 1005 0062 0013 0012 CEDAR BAYOU RD

0438 0440 WOODWAY DR MEMO RIAL D R 0887 0680ALLEN PKWY BAGBY ST 0890TEXAS ST 08890924 08560929S JENSEN DR LANIER DR CEDAR BAYOU RD

0070 PARK ST 0533
W GRAND PKWY 0547 WESTGREEN BLVD 0437 SH 8 N WAUGH DR CRAWFORD ST 0162 PARK ST KILGORE RD
W N PRUETT ST
S MASON RD NY 0872
T
0772 ¦§¨69 ¦§¨ !( §¦¨ !(042087076340057560105403838803009069527800544680175000B06E4L14LA9I0RE7B2LV07D060700258560511527066000064297204000250H35A959R50W94I68N3DR030054B59IS96SO95N0N000E54T51S06600TB1386E237S0E00BC1W000H718N424WU0T283S79T8W50E0S4020T00H2596E4056I7M88252E26R59500R7D20693506724W02E03080ST23349PC00A8R994R5E24K0E42KT7OB050E3L0LN053DR8009D68D023R937429188820500278095S62800B0409R56066A546E3680S50W3098W594A00O330I050RO01P03D0021O85B402RW22LTV33B929BDE0L21LWV0LD3EFSO330WTR0P0ITL52A0LA4R4O09VNGK4WE0UB003TB3RLO3EF12A0L5NTLEO74D3S00RSNA0WDB021N43LD0O03VR8RF7O31D4UE1D42LT0663IB2HP56L4EE1V80RSD5GWT02L0300AE82LN153AN031B463AD0440MR692A1902WS7M1E2T1AS6IT64NPS0A86TR9K01W0D490RA0027L700A5110B4427A7054M3S5081A50L45OS8808TO2P2100W890910S7014071LS013O8O00873O0U73399P5T15HW641W7009E020S09T030F310W092881Y39090N30114S2BSO9R881ABU03ERT07SAH9W20W20005EO5O30SD0O92060T43B1D2F2330L1BW5V20L7358DYVWW49D07HA0OL0AL6HSBC1OAOI0H3LMM0M64AB09E19ESS071TB9WRR2LD4IV0C5D00H80020M80R2O280OI00CN93L032ED6D38580B0A00S0L63VVP0E2ADW17N032IGS0090HRS3UA408T3NYR0S0803LSE0WT0T926D6B36ALV3L7HD0LO2A01LSC00S20CSO0T0O3MI035HR05B33T6B924E1L61IN40AB2800ZA09LN4WISVRD280TD24TPO3P10SROL00T90UTB8SH3LMBIVH0LO20DWOR68EDHE1N2L0GE00GBAE0EM001LILEL0TN0VAAET00D2BSSRC02S2ATGST3L6M9RT1OY0A01EE8O4S0GL0TP0LO01OE1R1W015W90S6001A3T831OY00846N9E20600B804803L0S30V08M51D2902A58L9C21O48GR0O509ER7PM0EE00GCDGUK0225LIRONF01D2NRS75FE00WW5L30Y83OY03AS83O22TYP90039084ES8020S220OLI0H309EU3ET62069L1H50A72ANECD63RSE7TSOBD6RER00K1L0LS0801PF02OO7005LR3SKT2116L8SSO6T00T0O00P0023E6203840N8229A3007V8L72I2OGL0NAA1WGT1WINO8HD1DNREAEB0SLLELELV2HODRSGDAIOTUSX0RLPTIEFR03EIFDSW008RB00Y0U921R308G048576B20L55L9O9V0G6OC0D0R0APIG7N75G9AES6L32SRS06D00LT1O0000O71P96E52440467P0A9R28K0003P001L01A613CE20EN7504S30B02L2L0O0V52ODC6P3L26IE6N6LT6AONPODRR0TEP08SA0FSR0W0L075KLO7YPO2O0950LOP4AP7C9E21E9E05B48LLAV2DPO1R100THEO31WFA0W6R0DY84D01R 84W0I52N3K7LL2AEPR09O0D2RR2T5E0F07W8001Y08C8O2L61LE900GE07AVE62AL23LE1NEDD0GA2LEEB8RROD90O00K 02D8RW8110PQ807AU0S8E70AE0DN72E9SN7R03EAD8SEF3SDWHG2YAEV0E8BRR70SOT030OK8910DP4R9A9S00A0DH78AERN70PRAAC00IF2SURWLA2E7IYVNN4ES7E0HS2A0T70W597RD2387600012290362413750701410R9K30404870S5H400222955 2355ST 0532

S KIR KWOOD RD W IH 610 S WEST LOOP S BAGBY ST SH 146 HWY 0099 WARD RD
LOUISIANA N ALEXANDER DR
0362 HIGHLAND KNOLLS DR W BW 8 S PINEY POINT RD POST OAK BLVD ST YORK ST WAYSIDE DR
SAGE RD C O M MO NW E A LT H ST
0619 S SHEPHERD DR W TEXAS AVE
YORKTOWN ST DUNLAVY ST
S PINEY POINT RD S VOSS RD FANNIN ST DOWLING ST LLER CUT OFF RD MARKET ST S PRUETT ST E TEXAS AVE
FOUNTAIN VIEW DR CRAWFORD INDEPENDENCE PKWY S W MAIN ST S MAIN ST
AVIGATION BLVD
0644 0711 MONTROSE BLVD SPUR 527 CULLEN BLVD E LOOP S TIDAL RD ER DR
S LOCKERWNOEOSTDINDERST E LOOP S
W BW 8 S W SAM HOUSTON PKWY S EDLOE ST S WAYSIDE DR 0248 S A L EXAN D
WESLAYAN ST
07 MI 0102 LANIER DR

WESTHEIMER PKWY S SH 6 0950 0346
ADDICKS CLODINE RD
0899 SYNOTT RD SOUTH FWY SPUR 5 BROADWAY ST E IH 610 S E IH 610 S 0100
ENNIS ST
0814 S KIRKWOOD RD S GESSNER RD S US 59 BUFFALO SPEEDWAY GREENBRIAR DR CALHOUN RD SPUR 5 PASADENA FWY PASADENA FWY 0249
WESLAYAN ST KIRBY DR SCOTT ST
0558 SOUTHWEST FW WEST LOOP S SPUR 5 E BW 8 S LA PORTE FWY
Y
BARKER CLODINE RD WILCREST DR SOUTH FWY 0084 0704 SH 225 STRANG RD
BOONE RD
S KIRKWOOD RD S BW 8 W CORPORATE DR CHIMNEY ROCK RD S RICE AVE CALHOUN RD STRAWBERRY RD GRAND BU 0302 E BW 8 S W 13TH ST E 13TH ST LA PORTE FWY SH
W BW 8 S E 146 HWY
0600 S ELDRIDGE PKWY NEWCASTLE ST MAIN ST RD
ALIEF CLODINE RD S DAIRY ASHFORD RD S US 59 HOV RENWICK DR SOUTH FWY SHAVER ST SOUTH ST
ALIEF CLODINE RD WINKLEMAN RD HILLCROFT AVE EAST BLVD
0646 SOUTHW GALVESTON RD RICHEY ST SAN AUGUSTINE AVE 0673 N SH 146 N SH 146 N SH 146 N SH 146
0524 0647 EST FW LUELLA AVE
Y ALLEN GENOA RD 0279 W SAN AUGUSTINE ST CENTER ST

WINKLEMAN RD COOK RD W IH 610 S WEST LOOP S STELLA LINK RD SOUTH FWY 0471 SENS RD
E SW O
0170 PASADENA BLVD 0420 N L ST 0561 E BAR BOU RS CUT BLVD
E MAIN ST
0470 E PASADENA BLVD 0682 W MAIN ST

W SAM HOUSTON PKWY S BROADWAY ST S RICHEY ST PRESTON AVE 0695 0051 0665 N BROADWAY ST
TELEPHONE RD
SOUTH FWY SPENCER HWY
JUTLAND RD
S US 59 CRESTMONT ST 0696 S SH 146 S SH 146
CULLEN BLVD
S ALLEN GENOA RD BURKE RD UNDERWOOD RD S BROADWAY ST

KEEGAN RD GULF FWY BLVD 0534 0352 0716 W FAIRMONT PKWY
HOUSTON
HIRAM CLARKE RD FAIRMONT PKWY
S POST OAK RD S SH 146 S SH 146 0088

FORT BEND PKWYRICEVILLE SCHOOL RD MONROE RD ALLEN GENOA RD OLD HWY 146
FONDREN RD
0679 0662 (!146
MURPHY RD MC CABE RD
GENOA RED BLUFF RD 0290

0542 0271 MYKAWA RD E
MARTINDALE RD PKUWSYTOSN PKWY S
0893 ALMEDA RD 0422 OREM RD ALMEDA GENOA RD KLECKLEY DR S IH HSOAUMSTHOON
0506 S BW SO UTH FWY 45 HOV 0972ALMEDA GENOA RD E SAM
8W E OREM DR OREM DR WILLARDVILLE RD 0801 0849 0755
COTTINGHAM RD
W OREM DR 0243

0337 FORT BEND P KWY 0216 0969 ALMEDA GENOA RD 0418 0718 0377
0402 ALLISON RD
22 AR LAKE 0724 SH 146 HWY PORT RD
0319 0355 0536 FUQUA ST 0721 0174
0715 0568 RED BLUFF RD
0286 0292 W FUQUA ST 0653 KIN GSPOINT RD SAB
0722 0699 0333
S SAM HOUSTON PKWY W SH 288 HWY 1010 0843 RD
0774 O
S SAM HOUSTON PKWY W !(8
ANDERSON RD E ANDERSON RD PEARLAND PKWY S SAM HOUSTON PKWY E 0076 0842 MIDDLEBROO RED BLUFF RD OLD HWY 146
S SAM HOUSTON PKWY E
0131 09 0415
S BW 8 E 0630 S SAM HOUSTON PKWY E S BW 8 E F M 1959 RD GALVESTON RD CLE K DR BAYPORT BLVD TODVILLE RD
S SAM HOUSTON PKWY E C ITY BL V D 0703
HUGHES RD 0092
0417
SH 288 HWY 0654 0476 0996

B

LACKHAWK B LVD SCARSDALE GULF FWY REAL 0306 KIRBY RD
BLVD EL CAMINO
DIXIE 0473 SPACE CENTER BLVD BAY AREA BLVD
FARM
0545 RD 0475 ¦¨§45 0090
0692
0762 BEAMER 0744 BLVD 0391 ASA PKWY
RD
0393 EL DORADO 0745 0746

0728 EN

0537 0732

45 NASA PKWY
S IH
0307
FM 0845 45 0920 0748
2351 RD S IH
0474 0416 E NASA PKWY
W 0941
EL DORADO W BAY AREA BLVD
BLV D 0782 EGRET BAY BLVD
0349 3 HWY
BLACKH 0750
WK BLVD SH
NASA PKWY 0091
A 0655 W

FM 528 RD 0907

0378 IH 45

0742 IH 45

. 036 12 18 24 This map is for informational purposes only and may be
Miles updated periodically. No warranty is made regarding the

accuracy or completeness of this map.

Data Source: Harris County Tax Office
Harris County GIS Repository







2017 HARRIS COUNTY
VOTER PRECINCTS

FM 1485 R

0955 D
SHELDON RD
FM 2978 RD HUFSMITH RD 0503

0915 D 0690 ORD 0735
0114 RD 0878
W RAYF
RD
HUFFMAN-CLEVELAND RD
ZION RD GOSLING RD 0636
NORTHC REST DR
0529 ULRICH RD E HUFSMITH RD STUEBNER AIRLINE RD HUFSMITRHAYKFUOYRKENDAHL RD HARDY RD
HA
QUINN RD 0552 RDY TOLL RD

CASTLE RD N CHERRY ST 0897

MARGERSTADT RD E MAIN ST E HARDY RD

DECKER PRAIRIE ROSEHILL RD SH 249 W MAIN ST 0452 RILEY FUZZEL RD MILLS BRANCH DR 0758

0916 0672 SPRING STUEBNER RD 0041 0357

KICKAPOO RD HUFS MITH KOHRVILLE RD SPRING STUEBNER RD
BINFORD RD
0575 KUYKENDAHL RD GENTRY ST 0635
STUEBNER AIRLINE RD
0127 !(99 0588 NORTHPARK DR
S CHERRY ST 0539 0851 0006 0459
0726 TOMBALL PKWY 0876 0246 E LOUETTA RD
WALLER SPRING CREEK RD FM 2920 RD 2920 0657
0880
NICHOLS RD 0263 0482SPRING CYPRESS RD 0634 0753 0612 WOLF RD

0137 BOUDREAUX RD 0110 E CYPR ESSWO OD DR 0340 WOODLAND HILLS DR 0670
0563
HOLDERIETH RD N W HARDY RD

FM 2920 RD IH 45
HOLZWARTH
0049N HEMPSTEAD HWY 2920 0747 0590 0546
0760
Legend ROBERTS RD BOTKINS RD 0903 0500 RD OD DR 0351
BAUER HOCKLEY RD
Precincts_2016_Q2A HEGAR RD 0126 BOUDREAUX RD OLD BOUDREAUX RD BOUDREAUX RD GLEANNLOCH FOREST DR 0586 KIN G W O 0659
Starmap_Highways KERMIER RD 0901HEMPSTEAD HWY HEMPSTEAD HWY
Starmap_MajorRoads STOKES RD BECKER RD 0982 SH 249 0633 0596 EASTEX FWY 0469
Lakes ROCKY RD LOOP 494
Bayous 0245 0912 TREASCHWIG RD 0098
SHAW RD 0604
1/1/2017 JUERGEN RD 0551 0464 W LAKE HOUSTON PKWY
0874
BAUER RD CYPRESS ROSEHILL RD 0998 0477 0853 LOUETTA RD HARDY RD HAMBLEN RD
0601 0648
HEMPSTEAD RD MUESCHKE RD 0485 T C JESTER BLVD 0399

MATHIS RD BURTON CEMETERY RD BAUER HOCKLEY RD 0514 0550 0997 W HARDY RD CYPRESSWOOD DR 0841 N US 59 0199 0674

KICKAPOO RD HWY ¤£290 0684 0587 1007 0599 FM 1960 RD 0700
HEMPSTEAD 0756
TOMBALL PKWY HUFSMITH KOHRVILLE RD 0465 E FM 1960 RD W FM 1960 BYPASS
0457 0035 SPUR 184
0926 0082 0631 0783 0449 0658 2100
0112 0623 CYPRESSWOOD DR 0883
SCHIEL RD FM 2100 RD

BETKA RD MASON RD 0173 CHAMPION FOREST D R 0520 0729 E FM 1960 BYPA SS
0442
0405 0691 SH 249 0466 ELLA BLVD

CUMBERLAND RIDGE DR TELGE RD 0911 1ST ST 0979 0666

BAUER RD 0806 0486 0788 0615 §¦¨0894 45 E HARDY RD ALDINE WESTFIELD RD WOODLAND HILLS DR 0776
0983 N IH 45 0388
0111 RD 0334
FAIRFIELD P LACE DR0124 0668 0515 0764
LOUETTA KENSWICK DR 0885
WARREN RANCH RD HUFFMEISTER RD 0768 GRANT RD (!249 CUTTEN RD 0513 0888
0451 0447
0817 0828 0757 WILL CL AYTO N PKWY WILL CLAYTON PKWY ATASCOCITA RD 0967

SKINNER RD 0805 0479 0614 AIRT EX DR E AIRTEX DR 0840 90
BAMMEL NORTH HOUSTON RD 0342 US
0283
0108 E STROKER RD CROSB
RANKIN RD US 90
0734 0370 SCHROEDER RD 0669
0794
0121 HEMPSTEAD RD SPRING CYPRESS RD 0484 0478 0113 09810825 0678 0101 0410 N US 59 FWY
Y
0300 0688HUFFMEISTER 0602 HOLLISTER ST 0592 0660 W RANKIN RD
RD EASTEX FWY
WHISPERING VALLEY DR SPEARS RD 0629 JOHN F KENNEDY BLVDJOHN F KENNEDY BLVD LEE RD 0964 0502 90
US
0923 0516 0957 HARDY RD HARDY AIRPORT CONNECTO R TOLL W 0363 MAIN ST
GREENS RD
JARVIS RD 0694 ¤£90

JACK RD 0717 0549 0958 0799
0847
KATY HOCKLEY RD 0519 MILLS RD 0468 HARE COOK RD
0641
0823 1960 CUTTEN RD WILSON RD 0968 CROSBY FWY
N GESSNER RD
0481 0493 HARDY RD N US 59 HOV E SAEMSAM FM 2100 RD MILLER WILSON RD
OLD HOUHSOU
CYPRESS N HOUSTON RD 0698 0358
HUMBLE RD
N SAM HOUSTON PKWY W 0106 N BW 8 W N BW 8 E 0083

N SAM HOUSTON PKWY E N BW 8 E N SAM HOUSTON PKWY E (!8 N BW 8 E 0960

0125 0597 0873 0613 0970 0738 0834 0705 0767 0421
0737
0511 0480 N BW 8 W N BW 8 W N SAM HOUSTON PKWY W 0959 0934 0936 ALDINE BENDER RD
0980 0423
0640 1960 RD WINDFERN RD 0884 0733 0118 STTOONNPPKKWWYY DEUSSEN PKWY 0097 N MAIN ST MILLER WILSON RD CROSBY FWY
FM
NORTHWEST FWY W 0244 0697 0990 1012 LUTHE RD 0397 N SAM HOUSTON PKWY E BW 8 N
HARDY RD
0862 0548 FALLBR O O K D R 0864 0061

VETERANS MEMORIAL DR RUNNEBURG RD LINDSTROM RD

0624 FRY RD (! !( §¨¦69 ¤£ §¨¦ §¨¦ !( §¦¨ §¨¦69 ¦¨§ (! 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NORTHWEST FWY SAM
0149 W FAIRBANKS N HOUSTON RD N HOUSTON ROSSLYN RD NORTH FWY AIRLINE DR E HARDY RD US 90 KRENEK RD KRENEK RD
W SAM HOUSTON PKWY N
SHARP RD 0531
LONGENBAUGH RD
CROSBY FWY KENNINGS RD
0119 CR OSBY F CWRYOSBY FWY
NORTH FWY HARDY TOLL N 0382 0988

STUEBNER AIRLINE RD S LAK
H

MONTGOMERY RD N IH 45 HOV EASTEX FWY C E KING PKWY 8N 0251 SRALLA RD
W E BW
N ELDRIDGE PKWY W HARDY RD
LONGENBAUGH RD BARKER CYPRESS RD WINDFERN RD JOHN RALSTON RD
N SH 6
0919 QUEENSTON BLVD
PEEK RD SENATE AVE HARDY TOLL S E SAM HOUSTON P BEAUMONT HWY US 90 CROSBY LYNCHBURG RD FM
PORTER RD FULTON ST E SAM HOUSTON PKWY N 1942 RD
KATY HOCKLEY CUT OFF RD 0712 T C JESTER BLVD MESA DR 0063

W SAM HOUSTON PKWY N WINDFERN RD WHEATLEY ST MILLER ROAD NO 3 0976 BARBERS HILL RD

US 90 MAIN ST MILLER ROAD NO 2 HADDEN RD

YN MILLER ROAD NO 1

FIG ORCHARD RD HANEY RD

0877 BLALOCK RD 0387

STOCKDICK SCHOOL RD BRITTMOORE RD S PINEMONT DR S LAKE HOUSTON PK WY 0103 SJOLANDER RD 10-10 E
W BW 8 N
0331 N MAIN ST EAST FWY E

MANGUM RD 0460 0386 E ARCHER RD

Y ELLA BLVD E WALLISVILLE RD
NORTHWEST FW
CLAY RD !(0785 99 Y ROSSLYN RD HIRSCH RD HOMESTEAD RD KIRKPATRICK BLVD E HOUSTON RD 0220 BATTLEBELL RD THOMPSON RD BATTLEBELL RD
290 HW N WAYSIDE DR JONES RD
GESSNER RD US N SHEPHERD DR S MAIN ST 0250
0796 0813 W BW 8 N HOLLISTER ST N DURHAM DR JENSEN DR OATES RD US 90 UVALDE RD 0741 E IH 10
CROSBY FWY
BINGLE RD WT E BW 8 E BW 8 EAST FWY

MORTON RD BRITTMOORE RD W SAM HOUSTON PKWY N NORTH FWY NORTH FWY IRVINGTON BLVD N MCCARTY ST US 90 0368 JOHN MARTIN RD CROSBY

0639 W GRAND PKWY N N WESTGREEN BLVD VD ELYSIAN ST EASTEX FWY 0605 DE LL DALE ST
GREENHOUSE RD
0603 WEST LOOP N YALE ST STUDEWOOD ST BROYLES STALTOONA ST N LOOP E MAXEY RD ¦¨§10 SPUR 330 MARKET ST WADE RD CEDAR BAYOU RD E CEDAR BAYOU LYNCHBURG RD
SPUR 330 BARKALOO RD
N MASON RD WIRT RD SILBER RD US 290 HOV HARDY ST 0381 E IH 10 0740 DECKER DR W CEDAR BAYOU LYNCHBURG RD 0456
ANTOINE DR
FRANZ RD N SH 6 N EAST FWY CROSBY LYNCHBURG RD
MARKET ST
0618 CAMPBELL RD N POST OAK RD HEIGHTS BLVD KRESS ST N LOOP E OATES RD NORMANDY ST FREEPORT BLVD 0719 0739 N MAIN ST
LATHROP ST 0954EAST FWY
KATY FORT BEND RD 0720 C OLONIAL PKW Y 0731 N MAIN ST
M
H W BAKER RD SH 146 HWY N SH 146

¨§¦10 S SH 6 S N KIRKWOOD RD W SAM HOUSTON PKWY N T C JESTER BLVD STUDEMONT ST 9 HO V N US 59 WACO ST E LOOP N FEDERAL RD OUSTON PKWY N 0141 0028 MASSEY TOMKINS RD
WESTCOTT ST E SA
W GRAND PKWY S N WILCREST DR W IH 610 N SHEPHERD DR HOUSTON AVE LOCKWOOD DR ROLLINGBROOK DR ROLLINGBROOK ST 0414

W GRAND PKWY S S FRY RD DAIRY ASHFORD RD GESSNER RD WESTCOTT ST ST HIRSCH RD MCCARTY ST E IH 610 N E IH 610 N BAYWAY DR LANIER DR FERRY RD
SA WYER
0751 KINGSLAND B LVD 0522 PINEY POINT RD VOSS RD W IH 610 N 0013 0012

0509 BAGBY ST S JENSEN DR LANIER DR CEDAR BAYOU RD CEDAR BAYOU RD
PARK ST
0533
W GRAND PKWY 0547 S MASON RD WESTGREEN BLVD SH 8 N WAUGH DR CRAWFORD ST 0872 PARK ST KILGORE RD
W N PRUETT ST
NY
ST T SH 146 HWY 0532

S KIR KWOOD RD W IH 610 S WEST LOOP S BAGBY ST 0099 WARD RD
LOUISIANA N ALEXANDER DR
0362 HIGHLAND KNOLLS DR 0619 W BW 8 S PINEY POINT RD POST OAK BLVD ST YORK ST WAYSIDE DR
SAGE RD C O M MO NW E A LT H ST
S SHEPHERD DR W TEXAS AVE
S PINEY POINT RD S VOSS RD YORKTOWN ST DUNLAVY ST FANNIN ST LLER CUT OFF RD S PRUETT ST
CRAWFORD DOWLING ST INDEPENDENCE PKWY S MARKET ST S MAIN ST E TEXAS AVE
FOUNTAIN VIEW DR W MAIN ST
0644 MONTROSE BLVD SPUR 527 CULLEN BLVD S WAYSIDE DR AVIGATION BLVD E LOOP S TIDAL RD ER DR
S LOCKERWNOEOSTDINDERST E LOOP S
W BW 8 S W SAM HOUSTON PKWY S EDLOE ST 0248 S A L EXAN D
WESLAYAN ST
MI 0102 LANIER DR

S SH 6 BROADWAY ST 0950 0346
ADDICKS CLODINE RD
SYNOTT RD S KIRKWOOD RD GREENBRIAR DR SOUTH FWY CALHOUN RD SPUR 5 E IH 610 S E IH 610 S 0100
KIRBY DR ENNIS ST
S GESSNER RD S US 59 BUFFALO SPEEDWAY SPUR 5 PASADENA FWY PASADENA FWY 0249
WESLAYAN ST SCOTT ST
BARKER CLODINE RD WILCREST DR SOUTHWEST FW WEST LOOP S SOUTH FWY SPUR 5 E BW 8 S 0084 LA PORTE FWY SH 225
BOONE RD Y
GRAND BU W 13TH ST 0704 STRANG RD
E
S KIRKWOOD RD S BW 8 W CORPORATE DR CHIMNEY ROCK RD S RICE AVE CALHOUN RD STRAWBERRY RD RD 0302 E BW 8 S E 13TH ST LA PORTE FWY SH
W BW 8 S 146 HWY
S ELDRIDGE PKWY NEWCASTLE ST MAIN ST
WINKLEMAN RD S DAIRY ASHFORD RD S US 59 HOV HILLCROFT AVE RENWICK DR SOUTH FWY SHAVER ST SOUTH ST EAST BLVD

SOUTHW GALVESTON RD RICHEY ST SAN AUGUSTINE AVE 0673 LUELLA AVE N SH 146 N SH 146 N SH 146 N SH 146
EST FW CENTER ST
Y ALLEN GENOA RD 0279 W SAN AUGUSTINE ST

WINKLEMAN RD COOK RD W IH 610 S WEST LOOP S STELLA LINK RD SOUTH FWY 0420 0471 SENS RD
E SW O
0170 PASADENA BLVD E PASADENA BLVD N L ST 0561 E BAR BOU RS CUT BLVD
E MAIN ST
PRESTON AVE 0470 0682 W MAIN ST

W SAM HOUSTON PKWY S BROADWAY ST S RICHEY ST 0695 0051 0665 N BROADWAY ST
TELEPHONE RD
SOUTH FWY SPENCER HWY
JUTLAND RD
S US 59 CRESTMONT ST 0696 UNDERWOOD RD S SH 146 S SH 146
CULLEN BLVD
S ALLEN GENOA RD BURKE RD S BROADWAY ST

KEEGAN RD GULF FWY BLVD 0534 0352 0716 W FAIRMONT PKWY
HOUSTON
HIRAM CLARKE RD FAIRMONT PKWY
S POST OAK RD S SH 146 S SH 146 0088

FORT BEND PKWYRICEVILLE SCHOOL RD MONROE RD ALLEN GENOA RD OLD HWY 146
FONDREN RD
0679 0662 !(146
MURPHY RD MC CABE RD
GENOA RED BLUFF RD 0290

ALMEDA RD MYKAWA RD KLECKLEY DR E
SO UTH FWY MARTINDALE RD PKUWSYTOSN PKWY S

0337 KWY 0216 COTTINGHAM RD0969 ALMEDA GENOA RD 0377

FORT BEND P 0418 0718 0724
0721
0402 ALLISON RD SH 146 HWY

0319 0355 0536 FUQUA ST 0174 PORT RD
W FUQUA ST
0286 0292 ANDERSON RD 0653 KIN GSPOINT RD SAB RED BLUFF RD
0722
S SAM HOUSTON PKWY W SH 288 HWY 1010 0843 RD 0333
S SAM HOUSTON PKWY W 0774 O
(!8
E ANDERSON RD PEARLAND PKWY S SAM HOUSTON PKWY E 0076 0842 0715 MIDDLEBROO RED BLUFF RD OLD HWY 146
S SAM HOUSTON PKWY E
0131 0415
0630 S SAM HOUSTON PKWY E S BW 8 E F M 1959 RD GALVESTON RD CLE K DR BAYPORT BLVD TODVILLE RD
S SAM HOUSTON PKWY E C ITY BL V D 0703
S BW 8 E HUGHES RD AR LAKE 0092
0417
SH 288 HWY 0654 B 0476 0996 0568

LACKHAWK B LVD 0699 KIRBY RD

SCARSDALE GULF FWY REAL 0306
BLVD EL CAMINO SPACE CENTER BLVD
DIXIE 0473 BAY AREA BLVD
FARM
0762 0545 RD 0475 §¨¦45 0090
0692
BEAMER 0744 BLVD 0745 0391 ASA PKWY
RD
0393 EL DORADO 0728 0746 EN

0537 0732

45 NASA PKWY
S IH
0307
FM 0845 45 0920 0748
2351 RD S IH
0474 0416 E NASA PKWY
W 0941
EL DORADO W BAY AREA BLVD
BLV D0782 EGRET BAY BLVD
0349 3 HWY
BLACKH 0750
WK BLVD SH
NASA PKWY 0091
A 0655 W

FM 528 RD 0907

0378 IH 45

0742 IH 45

. 0 3.25 6.5 13 19.5 26 This map is for informational purposes only and may be
Miles updated periodically. No warranty is made regarding the

accuracy or completeness of this map.

Data Source: Harris County Tax Office
Harris County GIS Repository





















2/20/2017 Voter Identification Procedures

copy of newly revised Form 13-1 – Notice of Required Identification (PDF).

2. The poll worker should confirm that the voter is on the official list of registered
voters, by finding the voter’s name on the official list of registered voters. If the
voter is not on the official list of registered voters, the poll worker should follow
the procedure specified in Section 63.006, except that now, for voters who do not
possess and cannot reasonably obtain an acceptable form of photo ID, and who
execute a Reasonable Impediment Declaration and present a supporting  form of
ID, the supporting form of ID may also be used as the “acceptable voter ID”
(referenced on Form 7-27) along with the voter’s voter registration certificate (and
the supporting form of ID may also be the voter’s valid registration certificate).

Note: The Registrations Omissions List (Form 7-27 (PDF)) will not be updated at
this time to reflect the August 10, 2016 Court Order referenced herein. The
“acceptable voter ID” referred to in the definition of “Required documentation” on
the instructions for that form now includes a “supporting form of ID” for voters
who do not possess and cannot reasonably obtain an acceptable form of photo
ID and who execute a Reasonable Impediment Declaration and present a
supporting form of ID. 

3. The poll worker should fully compare the voter’s name as listed on the official list
of registered voters to the voter’s name as it appear on present form of ID.

Note: This comparison should be done regardless of whether the voter presents
an acceptable form of photo ID or presents a supporting form of ID while
executing a Reasonable Impediment Declaration.

4. The poll worker should confirm that the voter’s address on the official list of
registered voters is current by confirming that the voter has not moved.

No t e:  Th e ad d r es s  o n  t h e v o t er ’s  p r es en t ed  ID (ei t h er  an  ac c ep t ab l e p h o t o
ID o r  a s u p p o r t i n g  ID) d o es  n o t  h av e t o  m at c h  t h e v o t er ’s  ad d r es s  o n  t h e
official list of registered voters. 

5. The voter should sign the combination form/signature roster, and execute any
required affidavits, such as the substantially similar name affidavit. 

Note: The combination forms/signature rosters and instructions for the
combination form will not be updated at this time to reflect the August 10, 2016
Court Order referenced herein, but the substantially similar name affidavit on the
forms should be considered still valid not withstanding that it references Section

http://www.sos.state.tx.us/elections/laws/advisory2016-17.shtml 6/8

2/20/2017 Voter Identification Procedures

63.0101 of the Texas Election Code.

6. The voter should complete the check-in proceed to voting a regular or provisional
ballot as appropriate. Voters who do not possess and cannot reasonably
obtain an acceptable form of photo ID, who complete the Reasonable
Impediment Declaration and present a supporting form of ID, are permitted
to cast a regular ballot if they are otherwise qualified to vote a regular
ballot.

Note: The Affidavit of Provisional Voter (Form 7-15 (PDF)) will not be updated
at this time to reflect the August 10, 2016 Court Order referenced herein. The
“other” box may be used for situations not explicitly covered on the form.

Receiving Mail Ballots

The procedure for the early voting clerk to receive ballot by mail will not change,
except that the early voting clerk should use the updated (9/2016) version of the Hand
Delivery Roster (Form 5-11a (PDF)) for accepting carrier envelopes delivered to the
early voting clerk on election day, which now also permits voters who do not possess
and cannot reasonably obtain an acceptable form of photo ID, delivering their ballots
in this manner, to complete the Reasonable Impediment Declaration and present a
form of supporting identification.
Cure Period After the Election

The voter registrar should use the following updated forms during the cure period.

Cure list (Form 9-7 (PDF)
Request for Disability Exemption (Form 13-6 (PDF))
Temporary Exemption (Form 13-7 (PDF))

Additional Updated Forms

The following forms (applicable to voters voting for the first time with an “ID Required”
flag have also been updated to account for first time voters who do not possess and
cannot reasonably obtain an acceptable form of photo ID:

Form 5-22a: Notice to Voter Who Must Provide Identification (For Voters Voting
by Mail (For Voters Voting by Mail (in English (PDF) and Spanish (PDF))
(updated 9/2016))
Form 5-8 (PDF): List of Voters Indicated as ID Voters (updated 9/2016)

http://www.sos.state.tx.us/elections/laws/advisory2016-17.shtml 7/8

2/20/2017 Voter Identification Procedures

In addition, language has been updated on the Application for Presidential Ballot to
exclude a reference to 63.0101 on the substantially similar name affidavit contained
on that form. See Form 5-31 (PDF).

Records Requirement

All Reasonable Impediment Declarations should be scanned or photocopied and
submitted to the Secretary of State not later than 30 days after the election.

http://www.sos.state.tx.us/elections/laws/advisory2016-17.shtml 8/8

2/20/2017 Voters who do not possess and cannot reasonably obtain one of the seven forms of approved photo ID have additional options at the polls

Holiday Notice: The Office of the Texas Secretary of State will be closed Monday, February 20th in
observance of Presidents' Day. The office will resume normal operating hours of 8:00 a.m. to 5:00
p.m. Tuesday, February 21st. Electronic filing and business document searches will be available
through SOSDirect.
Election Outlook:  Voter Information  |  More about Identification Requirements for Voting

Note - Navigational menus along with other non-content related elements have been removed for your convenience. Thank you for visiting us online.

Voters who do not possess and cannot reasonably
obtain one of the seven forms of approved photo ID
have additional options at the polls

En Español

Like 366 Share Tweet 0 Share 63 Updated September 21, 2016 
Contact: Alicia Pierce or Mari Bergman

512-463-5770

AUSTIN, TX – The Office of the Texas Secretary of State reminds voters who do not
possess and cannot reasonably obtain a form of approved photo ID that they now
have additional options when voting in person. These additional options apply to
current and upcoming school tax elections and the November General Election.

“My agency is working to make sure Texans know about these changes and that all
qualified voters are ready to cast a ballot,” said Secretary Cascos.

Currently, Texas voters who do not possess and cannot reasonably obtain one of the
seven forms of approved photo ID have additional options when casting their ballots.
As provided by court order, if a voter does not possess and is not reasonably able to
obtain one of the seven forms of approved photo ID, the voter may vote by (1) signing
a declaration at the polls explaining why the voter is reasonably unable to obtain one
of the seven forms of approved photo ID, and (2) providing one of various forms of
supporting documentation.

Supporting documentation can be a certified birth certificate (must be an original), a
valid voter registration certificate, a copy or original of one of the following: current
utility bill, bank statement, government check, or paycheck, or other government

http://www.sos.state.tx.us/about/newsreleases/2016/092116.shtml 1/2

2/20/2017 Voters who do not possess and cannot reasonably obtain one of the seven forms of approved photo ID have additional options at the polls

document that shows the voter’s name and an address, although government
documents which include a photo must be original and cannot be copies. If a voter
meets these requirements and is otherwise eligible to vote, the voter will be able to
cast a regular ballot in the election.

The seven forms of approved photo ID are:
Texas driver license issued by the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS)
Texas Election Identification Certificate issued by DPS
Texas personal identification card issued by DPS
Texas license to carry a handgun issued by DPS
United States military identification card containing the person’s photograph
United States citizenship certificate containing the person’s photograph
United States passport

With the exception of the U.S. citizenship certificate, the approved photo ID must be
current or have expired no more than four years before being presented for voter
qualification at the polling place.

Voters with a disability may continue to apply with the county registrar for a permanent
exemption to showing approved photo ID (which now may be expired no more than
four years) at the polls. Also, voters who (1) have a consistent religious objections to
being photographed or (2) do not present one of the seven forms of approved photo
ID because of certain natural disasters as declared by the President of the United
States or the Texas Governor, may continue apply for a temporary exemption to
showing approved photo ID at the polls.

Voters with questions about how to cast a ballot in these elections can call 1-800-252-
VOTE.

###

http://www.sos.state.tx.us/about/newsreleases/2016/092116.shtml 2/2

GOVT 2306: Texas Government Your Name: _______________________________________
Dyer @ LSC: Cy-Fair
Class Time: _________________ Other Group Members: _____________________________
Date: ______________________ __________________________________________________

CHAPTER 5: Elections & Voting—Whose Rules?

1. On the half-sheet provided to you, you will be answering three (3) short questions on the topics below by
yourself. They are each worth eight (8) points (24 pts)

A. Federal voting and election laws.
B. State/Texas voting and election laws.
C. County voting and election laws.
D. Local/Municipal voting and election laws.
E. Evaluating the voting and election system in the United States, with reference to Texas’ role in it.

2. As a group, brainstorm four (4) words or terms that best describe the voting and election rules for each level
of government. You may not use the names of “Acts” or cases as part of your lists. (16 pts)

Federal State (Texas) County Local/Municipal

3. Puzzled? Your group has been given the _______________ level of government. On the back of this paper,
sketch a puzzle that incorporates ten (10) words/terms and three (3) pictures, which would identify and
describe the role of your level of government in the voting and election system in the U.S. and Texas. Once
each of you has sketched out and created your own, combine your work into one puzzle that you will present
to the class and can be passed down to future classes to help them understand this topic. (33 pts)

4. For the Birds! As a group, come up with tweet for a politician’s Twitter account that describes/summarizes
his/her level of government’s role in the last election cycle. Fill in your group’s level of government on which
it has been working in the blank provided, then limit your summary to 140 characters. (9 pts)

THE __________ GOVERNMENT ___________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

5. Express Yourself! Draw or describe how you feel about 6. Face It—we’ve got problems! Create a Facebook post of
your level of government’s work in Texas on voting and
elections. Post a picture or “.gif” to Instagram! (9 pts) 200 words or less, advocating change in the level of gov’t
controlling some aspect of our elections and voting law,

citing two specific fixes that should be made. (9 pts)