National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table D3a. Prevalence and Risk of Veteran Homelessness for Lansing  

as compared to the Veteran population. 

   

Risk Ratio of  Risk Ratio of 
Homelessness 
Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Homelessness  Prevalence of 
among 
Veterans in  Veterans in  among  Veterans in  Veterans in 
General Pop. 
Homeless Pop.  Poverty Pop.  Veterans in  General Pop. 
HV/H : 
     Poverty Pop.  V/General 

HV/H :   Pop. 
Male  Female
V/Poverty 
3.2  21.0
     HV/H  V/Poverty Pop.  Pop.  V/General Pop.  5.0  0.0
1.7  0.1
Age  Race  Male  Female Male  Female  Male Female  Male  Female 1.7  0.0
1.1  NA
18‐29  Black  3.9%  2.1% 0.3% 0.7% 13.0 3.0  1.2% 0.1% 2.0  3.3
0.9  9.3
   Non‐Black  9.9%  0.0% 1.5% 0.1% 6.6 0.0  2.0% 0.3% 1.5  7.7
1.1  0.0
30‐44  Black  12.5%  0.4% 4.7% 1.4% 2.7 0.3  7.5% 3.5% 1.1  0.0
1.3  1.5
   Non‐Black  14.5%  0.0% 4.3% 0.7% 3.4 0.0  8.4% 0.5% 1.5  2.1
1.4  2.3
45‐54  Black  29.2%  1.2% 19.3% 0.2% 1.5 6.0  27.4% 0.0%

   Non‐Black  26.1%  3.0% 14.2% 1.0% 1.8 3.0  13.1% 0.9%

55‐64  Black  31.7%  15.8% 27.1% 1.4% 1.2 11.3  33.4% 1.7%

   Non‐Black  47.3%  11.6% 22.2% 6.5% 2.1 1.8  30.8% 1.5%

65+  Black  61.5%  0.0% 64.1% 0.0% 1.0 0.0  53.5% 0.0%

   Non‐Black  57.1%  0.0% 30.9% 0.8% 1.8 0.0  51.1% 0.8%

All  Black  19.8%  1.7% 11.0% 0.8% 1.8 2.1  14.7% 1.1%

All  Non‐Black  21.8%  1.5% 7.2% 0.8% 3.0 1.9  14.8% 0.7%

All  Cases  20.9%  1.6% 7.8% 0.8% 2.7 2.0  14.8% 0.7%

Note. HV = Homeless Veteran; H = Homeless; V = Veteran; Pop. = Population.

National Center on Homelessness among Veterans 51 

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table D3b. Prevalence and Risk of Veteran Homelessness for Lansing as compared to the non‐Veteran population. 

 

Risk Ratio of  Risk Ratio of 

Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Homelessness  Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Homelessness 
Homelessness  Homelessness  among  Homelessness  Homelessness  among 
among Veterans  among Non‐ Veterans  among Veterans  among Non‐ Veterans 
in Poverty Pop.  in General Pop. 
Veterans in  Compared to  Veterans in  Compared to 
Poverty Pop.  Non‐Veterans  General Pop.  Non‐Veterans 

     (Poverty Pop.)  (General Pop.) 

     HV/V (in Poverty  HNV/NV (in  HV/V : HNV/NV  HV/V (in  HNV/NV (in  HV/V : 
Pop.)  Poverty Pop.)  General Pop.)  General Pop.)  HNV/NV 

Age  Race  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female 

18‐29  Black  100.0%  28.6% 7.7% 9.7% 13.0 2.9 9.1%  100.0% 2.6% 4.5% 3.5 22.2

   Non‐Black  12.3%  0.0% 1.7% 2.0% 7.2 0.0 2.2%  0.0% 0.4% 0.6% 5.5 0.0

30‐44  Black  100.0%  6.2% 34.2% 20.2% 2.9 0.3 11.6%  0.9% 6.6% 7.8% 1.8 0.1

   Non‐Black  29.2%  0.0% 7.8% 6.3% 3.7 0.0 1.6%  0.0% 0.9% 0.9% 1.8 0.0

45‐54  Black  40.9%  100.0% 23.7% 18.8% 1.7 5.3 10.4%  100.0% 9.5% 3.9% 1.1 25.6

   Non‐Black  18.6%  21.1% 8.7% 7.0% 2.1 3.0 2.3%  2.4% 1.0% 0.7% 2.3 3.4

55‐64  Black  36.4%  100.0% 29.1% 7.6% 1.3 13.2 5.5%  16.7% 5.9% 1.5% 0.9 11.1

   Non‐Black  17.7%  5.6% 5.6% 2.9% 3.2 1.9 1.1%  2.4% 0.5% 0.3% 2.2 8.0

65+  Black  8.2%  0.0% 9.1% 1.4% 0.9 0.0 2.2%  0.0% 1.6% 0.4% 1.4 0.0

   Non‐Black  1.5%  0.0% 0.5% 0.4% 3.0 0.0 0.1%  0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 1.0 0.0

All  Black  34.9%  26.5% 17.5% 12.7% 2.0 2.1 7.2%  7.0% 5.0% 4.6% 1.4 1.5

All  Non‐Black  14.2%  5.7% 3.9% 3.1% 3.6 1.8 1.0%  1.3% 0.6% 0.6% 1.7 2.2

All  Cases  19.0%  9.3% 6.1% 4.8% 3.1 1.9 1.6%  2.2% 1.0% 1.0% 1.6 2.2

Note. HV = Homeless Veteran; H = Homeless; V = Veteran; Pop. = Population; HNV = Homeless non-Veteran;
NV = non-Veteran.

52  National Center on Homelessness among Veterans

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table D4a. Prevalence and Risk of Veteran Homelessness for New York City 

 as compared to the Veteran population. 

  

Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Risk Ratio of  Prevalence of  Risk Ratio of 
Veterans in  Veterans in  Homelessness  Veterans in  Homelessness 
Homeless Pop.  Poverty Pop.  among Veterans  General Pop. 
in Poverty Pop.  among 
     Veterans in 
General Pop. 

HV/H : 

HV/H :   V/General 

     HV/H  V/Poverty Pop.  V/Poverty Pop.  V/General Pop.  Pop. 

Age  Race  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female

18‐29  Black  4.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.4% 4.0 2.5 1.4% 0.5%  2.9 2.0

   Non‐Black  1.4% 0.9% 0.6% 0.2% 2.3 5.0 1.0% 0.2%  1.4 4.5

30‐44  Black  6.3% 3.4% 4.5% 1.1% 1.4 3.1 4.5% 1.1%  1.4 3.1

   Non‐Black  5.0% 1.0% 1.6% 0.2% 3.1 4.5 2.3% 0.2%  2.2 5.0

45‐54  Black  15.4% 1.6% 11.6% 0.6% 1.3 2.7 9.9% 1.1%  1.6 1.5

   Non‐Black  10.6% 0.9% 4.0% 0.5% 2.6 1.8 3.8% 0.4%  2.8 2.2

55‐64  Black  24.9% 0.4% 15.9% 0.2% 1.6 2.0 16.3% 0.5%  1.5 0.8

   Non‐Black  15.9% 1.4% 10.5% 0.1% 1.5 14.0 14.3% 0.3%  1.1 4.7

65+  Black  25.5% 0.7% 23.4% 0.4% 1.1 1.7 27.3v 0.5%  0.9 1.4

   Non‐Black  20.3% 2.8% 12.9% 0.3% 1.6 9.3 30.1% 0.4%  0.7 0.7

All  Black  10.0% 1.9% 7.9% 0.6% 1.3 3.2 8.7% 0.8%  1.1 2.4

All  Non‐Black  6.7% 0.9% 4.4% 0.2% 1.5 4.5 7.6% 0.3%  0.9 3.0

All  Cases  8.6% 1.5% 5.3% 0.4% 1.6 5.0 7.8% 0.4%  1.1 3.8

Note. HV = Homeless Veteran; H = Homeless; V = Veteran; Pop. = Population.

National Center on Homelessness among Veterans 53 

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table D4b. Prevalence and Risk of Veteran Homelessness for New York City as compared to the non‐Veteran population. 

 

Risk Ratio of  Risk Ratio of 

Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Homelessness  Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Homelessness 
Homelessness  Homelessness  among  Homelessness  Homelessness  among 
among Veterans  among Non‐ Veterans  among Non‐ Veterans 
in Poverty Pop.  among 
Veterans in  Compared to  Veterans in  Veterans in  Compared to 
Poverty Pop.  Non‐Veterans  General Pop.  General Pop.  Non‐Veterans 

     (Poverty Pop.)  (General Pop.) 

     HV/V (in Poverty  HNV/NV (in  HV/V : HNV/NV  HV/V (in  HNV/NV (in  HV/V : HNV/NV 
Pop.)  Poverty Pop.)  General Pop.)  General Pop.) 

Age  Race  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female 

18‐29  Black  60.1%  53.7% 14.1% 19.8% 4.3 2.7  8.8%  11.5 % 2.9% 5.5% 3.0 2.1

   Non‐Black  10.4%  22.3% 4.2% 6.0% 2.5 3.7 1.1%  6.0% 0.7% 1.3% 1.4 4.6

30‐44  Black  34.5%  47.5% 24.3% 15.2% 1.4 3.1 6.1%  11.3% 4.1% 3.4% 1.4 3.2

   Non‐Black  23.7%  19.0% 7.1% 4.3% 3.3 4.4 1.8%  3.0% 0.8% 0.7% 2.2 4.1

45‐54  Black  31.8%  31.1% 22.8% 10.6% 1.4 2.9 7.3%  3.0% 4.2% 2.0% 1.7 1.4

   Non‐Black  17.2%  5.6% 6.0% 2.8% 2.9 2.0 2.4%  1.1% 0.8% 0.4% 2.9 2.8

55‐64  Black  20.1%  7.9% 11.4% 3.4% 1.8 2.3 3.4%  0.8% 1.9% 0.6% 1.7 1.0

   Non‐Black  6.2%  21.9% 3.9% 0.9% 1.6 24.3 0.6%  0.8% 0.5% 0.1% 1.0 8.0

65+  Black  3.8%  0.8% 3.2% 0.5% 1.1 1.6 0.5%  0.2% 0.5% 0.1% 1.0 2.0

   Non‐Black  1.3%  1.2% 0.8% 0.1% 1.6 1.0 0.1%  0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 1.0 NA

All  Black  23.5%  41.1% 18.1% 13.0% 1.3 3.2 3.9%  7.3% 3.2% 2.8% 1.2 2.5

All  Non‐Black  7.9%  13.1% 5.0% 3.4% 1.6 3.9 0.6%  2.1% 0.7% 0.6% 0.9 3.3

All  Cases  14.1%  27.0% 8.4% 6.2% 1.7 4.4 1.4%  4.5% 1.2% 1.1% 1.1 3.9

Note. HV = Homeless Veteran; H = Homeless; V = Veteran; Pop. = Population; HNV = Homeless non-Veteran; NV = non-Veteran.

54  National Center on Homelessness among Veterans

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table D5a. Prevalence and Risk of Veteran Homelessness for Phoenix
as compared to the Veteran population.

Risk Ratio of Risk Ratio of
Homelessness
Prevalence of Prevalence of Homelessness Prevalence of
Veterans in among
Veterans in Veterans in among General Pop. Veterans in
General Pop.
Homeless Pop. Poverty Pop. Veterans in V/General Pop.
Male Female HV/H :
Poverty Pop. 4.9% 1.1% V/General
3.4% 0.8%
HV/H : 13.6% 3.8% Pop.
8.8% 1.4% Male Female
V/Poverty 30.6% 5.1%
14.9% 2.2% 0.7 0.6
HV/H V/Poverty Pop. Pop. 47.7% 0.8% 1.1 0.9
39.2% 1.5% 1.2 0.6
Age Race Male Female Male Female Male Female 57.7% 1.4% 1.1 1.0
60.1% 1.7% 1.1 0.9
18-29 Black 3.6% 0.7% 1.6% 1.0% 2.2 0.7 21.2% 2.7% 1.8 2.4
19.3% 1.5% 0.9 3.0
Non-Black 3.8% 0.7% 1.8% 0.5% 2.1 1.4 19.4% 1.5% 1.0 1.8
0.6 0.0
30-44 Black 16.2% 2.2% 6.0% 3.8% 2.7 0.6 0.7 1.4
1.1 0.9
Non-Black 9.9% 1.4% 4.5% 0.7% 2.2 2.0 1.0 1.4
1.1 1.5
45-54 Black 33.9% 4.8% 28.9% 1.7% 1.2 2.8

Non-Black 26.6% 5.2% 15.4% 2.0% 1.7 2.6

55-64 Black 44.6% 2.4% 38.4% 0.2% 1.2 12.0

Non-Black 39.9% 2.7% 30.9% 1.2% 1.3 2.3

65+ Black 37.3% 0.0% 37.9% 0.0% 1.0 0.0

Non-Black 41.4% 2.3% 43.8% 2.1% 0.9 1.1

All Black 23.7% 2.3% 15.5% 1.9% 1.5 1.2

All Non-Black 19.4% 2.1% 11.0% 1.0% 1.8 2.1

All Cases 20.4% 2.2% 11.3% 1.0% 1.8 2.2

Note. HV = Homeless Veteran; H = Homeless; V = Veteran; Pop. = Population.

National Center on Homelessness among Veterans 55 

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table D5b. Prevalence and Risk of Veteran Homelessness for Phoenix as compared to the non‐Veteran population. 

 

     Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Risk Ratio of  Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Risk Ratio of 

Homelessness  Homelessness  Homelessness  Homelessness  Homelessness  Homelessness 

among Veterans  among Non‐ among  among  among Non‐ among 

in Poverty Pop.  Veterans in  Veterans  Veterans in  Veterans in  Veterans 

Poverty Pop.  Compared to  General Pop.  General Pop.  Compared to 

Non‐Veterans  Non‐Veterans 

(Poverty Pop.)  (General Pop.) 

     HV/V (in Poverty  HNV/NV (in  HV/V : HNV/NV  HV/V (in  HNV/NV (in  HV/V : HNV/NV 

Pop.)  Poverty Pop.)  General Pop.)  General Pop.) 

Age  Race  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female 

18‐29  Black  25.0%  7.9% 10.4% 10.7% 2.4 0.7 1.8%  1.8% 2.4% 2.7% 0.8 0.7

   Non‐Black  5.0%  3.7% 2.3% 2.6% 2.2 1.4 0.4%  0.4% 0.3% 0.5% 1.3 0.8

30‐44  Black  90.0%  10.1% 29.7% 17.7% 3.0 0.6 5.1%  2.1% 4.2% 3.6% 1.2 0.6

   Non‐Black  14.2%  9.1% 6.1% 4.5% 2.3 2.0 0.7%  0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 1.2 1.0

45‐54  Black  36.0%  50.0% 28.5% 17.2% 1.3 2.9 7.2%  2.9% 6.2% 3.1% 1.2 0.9

   Non‐Black  20.3%  14.7% 10.2% 5.6% 2.0 2.6 1.8%  1.2% 0.9% 0.5% 2.0 2.4

55‐64  Black  26.0%  100.0% 20.2% 7.2% 1.3 13.9 4.6%  3.8% 5.3% 1.3% 0.9 2.9

   Non‐Black  10.1%  7.9% 6.8% 3.5% 1.5 2.3 0.6%  0.5% 0.6% 0.3% 1.0 1.7

65+  Black  7.9%  0.0% 8.2% 2.5% 1.0 0.0 0.7%  0.0% 1.7% 0.3% 0.4 0.0

   Non‐Black  1.8%  0.7% 2.0% 0.7% 0.9 1.0 0.1%  0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.5 1.0

All  Black  33.3%  16.3% 19.6% 13.0% 1.7 1.3 4.5%  2.3% 3.9% 2.7% 1.2 0.9

All  Non‐Black  9.7%  7.5% 5.0% 3.4% 1.9 2.2 0.6%  0.6% 0.6% 0.4% 1.0 1.5

All  Cases  12.1%  8.5% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0 2.1 0.7%  0.7% 0.7% 0.5% 1.0 1.4

Note. HV = Homeless Veteran; H = Homeless; V = Veteran; Pop. = Population; HNV = Homeless non-Veteran; NV = non-Veteran.

56  National Center on Homelessness among Veterans

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table D6a. Prevalence and Risk of Veteran Homelessness for San Jose as compared to the Veteran population. 

   

Risk Ratio of  Risk Ratio of 

Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Homelessness  Prevalence of  Homelessness 

Veterans in  Veterans in  among  Veterans in  among 

Homeless Pop.  Poverty Pop.  Veterans in  General Pop.  Veterans in 

     Poverty Pop.  General Pop. 

HV/H :   HV/H : 

     HV/H  V/Poverty Pop.  V/Poverty Pop.  V/General Pop.  V/General Pop. 

Age  Race  Male  Female Male  Female  Male Female  Male  Female  Male  Female 

18‐29  Black  2.1% 0.0% 0.7% 0.0%  3.0 0.0  1.1%  0.0%  1.9  0.0

   Non‐Black  3.5% 1.0% 0.9% 0.4%  3.9 2.5  1.1%  0.2%  3.2  5.0

30‐44  Black  11.6% 3.7% 5.9% 1.5%  2.0 2.5  8.7%  2.0%  1.3  1.8

   Non‐Black  7.4% 1.4% 5.2% 0.2%  1.4 7.0  3.7%  0.3%  2.0  4.7

45‐54  Black  29.8% 10.8% 27.4% 4.1%  1.1 2.6  22.3%  2.5%  1.3  4.3

   Non‐Black  19.0% 3.5% 12.1% 0.7%  1.6 5.0  7.3%  0.8%  2.6  4.4

55‐64  Black  42.4% 2.9% 32.2% 6.1%  1.3 0.5  42.4%  3.8%  1.0  0.8

   Non‐Black  32.6% 3.3% 22.6% 1.0%  1.4 3.3  22.9%  0.9%  1.4  3.7

65+  Black  48.5% 11.8% 49.2% 0.9%  1.0 13.1  57.4%  0.1%  0.8  118.0

   Non‐Black  43.6% 3.3% 24.2% 1.5%  1.8 2.2  40.3%  1.6%  1.1  2.1

All  Black  22.2% 4.7% 15.3% 2.0%  1.5 2.4  17.9%  1.6%  1.2  2.9

All  Non‐Black  14.9% 2.0% 8.7% 0.6%  1.7 3.3  10.7%  0.6v  1.4  3.3

All  Cases  16.2% 2.4% 9.1% 0.6%  1.8 4.0  10.9%  0.7%  1.5  3.4

Note. HV = Homeless Veteran; H = Homeless; V = Veteran; Pop. = Population.

National Center on Homelessness among Veterans 57 

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table D6b. Prevalence and Risk of Veteran Homelessness for San Jose Tampa as compared to the non‐Veteran population. 

 

     Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Risk Ratio of  Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Risk Ratio of 

Homelessness  Homelessness  Homelessness  Homelessness  Homelessness  Homelessness 

among Veterans  among Non‐ among  among Veterans  among Non‐ among 

in Poverty Pop.  Veterans in  Veterans  in General Pop.  Veterans in  Veterans 

Poverty Pop.  Compared to  General Pop.  Compared to 

Non‐Veterans  Non‐Veterans 

(Poverty Pop.)  (General Pop.) 

     HV/V (in Poverty  HNV/NV (in  HV/V :  HV/V (in  HNV/NV (in  HV/V : 

Pop.)  Poverty Pop.)  HNV/NV  General Pop.)  General Pop.)  HNV/NV 

Age  Race  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female

18‐29  Black  100.0%  0.0% 31.0% 20.4% 3.2 0.0 10.7%  0.0% 5.4% 4.8% 2.0 0.0

   Non‐Black  31.8%  12.8% 7.8% 5.8% 4.1 2.2 3.0%  4.9% 0.9% 0.9% 3.3 5.4

30‐44  Black  100.0%  100.0% 47.5% 39.2% 2.1 2.6 14.0%  11.8% 10.2% 6.4% 1.4 1.8

   Non‐Black  32.3%  100.0% 22.3% 12.0% 1.4 8.3 2.9%  5.8% 1.4% 1.0% 2.1 5.8

45‐54  Black  60.4%  100.0% 53.9% 35.1% 1.1 2.8 19.2%  26.1% 13.0% 5.5% 1.5 4.7

   Non‐Black  40.7%  74.6% 24.0% 13.7% 1.7 5.4 5.3%  4.6% 1.8% 1.0% 2.9 4.6

55‐64  Black  100.0%  9.1% 64.4% 19.4% 1.6 0.5 10.7%  2.3% 10.7% 3.0% 1.0 0.8

   Non‐Black  28.2%  25.0% 17.0% 7.2% 1.7 3.5 2.0%  1.9% 1.2% 0.5% 1.7 3.8

65+  Black  51.6%  100.0% 53.1% 6.5% 1.0 15.4 3.9%  100.0% 5.5% 0.8% 0.7 125.0

   Non‐Black  12.7%  3.7% 5.2% 1.6% 2.4 2.3 0.4%  0.2% 0.4% 0.1% 1.0 2.0

All  Black  72.9%  66.1% 46.1% 27.0% 1.6 2.4 12.1%  14.0% 9.2% 4.7% 1.3 3.0

All  Non‐Black  29.0%  30.0% 15.8% 8.4% 1.8 3.6 1.9%  2.5% 1.3% 0.8% 1.5 3.1

All  Cases  34.0%  35.3% 17.7% 9.3% 1.9 3.8 2.3%  3.2% 1.5% 0.9% 1.5 3.6

Note. HV = Homeless Veteran; H = Homeless; V = Veteran; Pop. = Population; HNV = Homeless non-Veteran; NV = non-Veteran.

58  National Center on Homelessness among Veterans

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table D7a. Prevalence and Risk of Veteran Homelessness for Tampa as compared to the Veteran population. 

 

     Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Risk Ratio of  Prevalence of  Risk Ratio of 
Veterans in  Veterans in  Homelessness  Veterans in General  Homelessness 
Homeless Pop.  Poverty Pop.  among Veterans  among Veterans 
in Poverty Pop.  Pop.  in General Pop. 

HV/H :   HV/H : V/General 

     HV/H  V/Poverty Pop.  V/Poverty Pop.  V/General Pop.  Pop. 

Age  Race  Male  Female Male  Female Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female 

18‐29  Black  3.7% 0.8% 0.9% 0.4% 4.1  2.0  3.6% 1.1% 1.0 0.7

   Non‐Black  7.1% 5.5% 2.0% 0.6% 3.5  9.2  3.9% 1.1% 1.8 5.0

30‐44  Black  12.8% 4.6% 9.3% 1.0% 1.4  4.6  18.5% 4.0% 0.7 1.1

   Non‐Black  11.3% 3.6% 4.7% 1.0% 2.4  3.6  11.6% 2.0% 1.0 1.8

45‐54  Black  29.5% 8.8% 19.2% 5.3% 1.5  1.7  24.7% 5.3% 1.2 1.7

   Non‐Black  26.8% 6.2% 14.4% 3.2% 1.9  1.9  17.3% 2.2% 1.5 2.8

55‐64  Black  37.4% 11.9% 34.4% 4.4% 1.1  2.7  34.8% 2.3% 1.1 5.2

   Non‐Black  42.2% 5.6% 34.1% 1.0% 1.2  5.6  40.8% 2.0% 1.0 2.8

65+  Black  44.4% 0.0% 31.6% 0.0% 1.4  0.0  37.6% 1.3% 1.2 0.0

   Non‐Black  45.8% 0.0% 32.4% 1.2% 1.4  0.0  58.4% 1.5% 0.8 0.0

All  Black  23.3% 4.8% 12.6% 1.6% 1.8  3.0  18.5% 2.9% 1.3 1.7

All  Non‐Black  21.5% 4.9% 12.2% 1.2% 1.8  4.1  22.1% 1.7% 1.0 2.9

All  Cases  22.3% 4.9% 12.3% 1.3% 1.8  3.8  21.6% 1.9% 1.0 2.6

Note. HV = Homeless Veteran; H = Homeless; V = Veteran; Pop. = Population; HNV = Homeless non-Veteran;
NV =non-Veteran.

National Center on Homelessness among Veterans 59 

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table D7b. Prevalence and Risk of Veteran Homelessness for Tampa as compared to the non‐Veteran population. 

 

Risk Ratio of  Risk Ratio of 

Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Homelessness  Prevalence of  Prevalence of  Homelessness 
Homelessness  Homelessness  among  Homelessness  Homelessness  among 
among Veterans  among Non‐ Veterans  among Non‐ Veterans 
in Poverty Pop.  among 
Veterans in  Compared to  Veterans in  Veterans in  Compared to 
Poverty Pop.  Non‐Veterans  General Pop.  General Pop.  Non‐Veterans 

     (Poverty Pop.)  (General Pop.) 

     HV/V (in Poverty  HNV/NV (in  HV/V : HNV/NV  HV/V (in  HNV/NV (in  HV/V : 
Pop.)  Poverty Pop.)  General Pop.)  General Pop.)  HNV/NV 

Age  Race  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female  Male  Female 

18‐29  Black  16.7%  9.1% 3.7% 4.6% 4.5 2.0  0.8% 0.9% 0.7% 1.3% 1.1 0.7

   Non‐Black  10.0%  18.8% 2.6% 1.8% 3.8 10.4  0.6% 1.7% 0.3% 0.3% 2.0 5.7

30‐44  Black  30.3%  31.8% 21.1% 6.7% 1.4 4.7  2.3% 1.6% 3.5% 1.4% 0.7 1.1

   Non‐Black  21.8%  11.5% 8.4% 3.2% 2.6 3.6  0.8% 0.7% 0.8% 0.4% 1.0 1.7

45‐54  Black  59.1%  13.4% 33.5% 7.8% 1.8 1.7  7.3% 2.5% 5.7% 1.5% 1.3 1.7

   Non‐Black  24.9%  8.7% 11.5% 4.3% 2.2 2.0  1.8% 1.2% 1.0% 0.4% 1.8 3.0

55‐64  Black  24.7%  13.5% 21.7% 4.6% 1.1 2.9  4.7% 3.8% 4.2% 0.7% 1.1 5.4

   Non‐Black  11.3%  9.1% 8.0% 1.6% 1.4 5.7  0.7% 0.4% 0.6% 0.1% 1.2 4.0

65+  Black  4.6%  0.0% 2.7% 0.7% 1.7 0.0  0.4% 0.0% 0.3% 0.1% 1.3 0.0

   Non‐Black  1.8%  0.0% 1.0% 0.2% 1.8 0.0  0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 1.0 0.0

All  Black  32.3%  16.3% 15.4% 5.3% 2.1 3.1  3.6% 2.0% 2.7% 1.2% 1.3 1.7

All  Non‐Black  12.5%  9.5% 6.4% 2.3% 2.0 4.1  0.6% 0.8% 0.6% 0.3% 1.0 2.7

All  Cases  17.0%  11.5% 8.4% 3.1% 2.0 3.7  1.0% 1.1% 0.9% 0.4% 1.1 2.8

Note. HV = Homeless Veteran; H = Homeless; V = Veteran; Pop. = Population; HNV = Homeless non veteran; NV = non veteran

60  National Center on Homelessness among Veterans

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Appendix E. Figure Illustrating Risk of Veteran Homelessness for Each Continuum of Care by Age, Sex, and Race 
within the General Population. 
 

Risk ratios for each Continuum of Care indicating whether the proportion of Veterans among the homeless population exceeds (>1.0) the
proportion of Veterans among the general population, stratified by age, race, and sex.

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Appendix F. Figure Illustrating Risk of Veteran Homelessness for Each Continuum of Care by Age, Sex, and Race 
within the Population in Poverty. 
 

Risk ratios for each Continuum of Care indicating whether the proportion of Veterans among the homeless population exceeds (>1.0) the
proportion of Veterans among the population in poverty, stratified by age, race, and sex.

62  National Center on Homelessness among Veterans

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Appendix G. Logistic Regression Analyses Predicting Homelessness for Each Continuum of Care among 
the General Population, Stratified by Sex.

Table G1. Logistic Regression Analyses Predicting Homelessness for Columbus
among the General Population, Stratified by Sex.

Group Predictor OR Univariate p OR Multivariate p
Female Veteran 1.19 95% CI 0.335 1.13 95% CI 0.499
Black 7.30 Lower Upper <0.001 6.74 Lower Upper <0.001
0.91 0.81 1.68 0.073 0.97 0.77 1.60 0.603
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 0.66 6.66 8.00 <0.001 0.72 6.15 7.39 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 0.23 0.82 1.01 <0.001 0.27 0.88 1.08 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.04 0.58 0.74 <0.001 0.05 0.64 0.82 <0.001
0.19 0.29 0.22 0.34
Age 18-29 vs. 65+ 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.07

Male Veteran 0.91 0.83 0.98 0.019 1.08 0.99 1.18 0.073
Black 7.75 7.28 8.25 <0.001 7.71 7.24 8.21 <0.001
2.09 1.91 2.29 <0.001 2.26 2.07 2.48 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 3.06 2.79 3.36 <0.001 3.25 2.95 3.57 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 1.20 1.05 1.36 1.38 1.20 1.57 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.23 0.18 0.30 0.006 0.26 0.20 0.34 <0.001
<0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 65+

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Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table G2. Logistic Regression Analyses Predicting Homelessness for Denver
among the General Population, Stratified by Sex.

Group Predictor OR Univariate p OR Multivariate p
Female Veteran 1.51 95% CI 0.020 1.37 95% CI 0.079
Black 10.65 Lower Upper <0.001 10.22 <0.001
0.93 1.05 2.09 0.232 0.94 Lower Upper 0.371
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 0.79 9.55 11.87 <0.001 0.79 0.95 1.90 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 0.38 0.82 1.05 <0.001 0.41 9.16 11.39 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.09 0.68 0.91 <0.001 0.09 0.83 1.07 <0.001
0.31 0.47 0.69 0.91
Age 18-29 vs. 65+ 0.06 0.13 0.33 0.50
0.06 0.13

Male Veteran 1.41 1.30 1.52 <0.001 1.48 1.36 1.61 <0.001
Black 7.48 6.92 8.07 <0.001 7.07 6.54 7.63 <0.001
2.06 1.85 2.31 <0.001 1.99 1.78 2.23 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 3.54 3.17 3.96 <0.001 3.29 2.94 3.69 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 2.35 2.07 2.67 <0.001 2.08 1.83 2.38 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.28 0.21 0.37 <0.001 0.23 0.17 0.31 <0.001

Age 18-29 vs. 65+

64  National Center on Homelessness among Veterans

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table G3. Logistic Regression Analyses Predicting Homelessness for Lansing
among the General Population, Stratified by Sex.

Group Predictor OR Univariate p OR Multivariate p
Female Veteran 2.27 95% CI <0.001 1.66 95% CI 0.042
Black 8.11 Lower Upper <0.001 7.47 Lower Upper <0.001
1.51 1.37 3.52 <0.001 1.50 0.98 2.62 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 1.01 7.21 9.12 1.03 6.63 8.40 0.743
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 0.38 1.32 1.73 0.939 0.44 1.31 1.72 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.07 0.85 1.19 <0.001 0.08 0.87 1.21 <0.001
0.29 0.50 <0.001 0.33 0.57
Age 18-29 vs. 65+ 0.04 0.12 0.05 0.14

Male Veteran 1.53 1.33 1.76 <0.001 1.77 1.52 2.07 <0.001
Black 8.35 7.43 9.37 <0.001 7.97 7.09 8.95 <0.001
2.36 2.02 2.77 <0.001 2.31 1.97 2.72 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 3.05 2.59 3.59 <0.001 2.77 2.34 3.29 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 1.65 1.34 2.01 <0.001 1.51 1.21 1.86 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.26 0.16 0.40 <0.001 0.23 0.14 0.35 <0.001

Age 18-29 vs. 65+

National Center on Homelessness among Veterans 65 

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table G4. Logistic Regression Analyses Predicting Homelessness for New York City
among the General Population, Stratified by Sex.

Group Predictor OR Univariate p OR Multivariate p
Female Veteran 3.95 95% CI <0.001 2.94 95% CI <0.001
Black 4.78 Lower Upper <0.001 4.59 Lower Upper <0.001
0.56 3.64 4.29 <0.001 0.59 2.70 3.20 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 0.33 4.69 4.88 <0.001 0.33 4.50 4.68 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 0.10 0.55 0.58 <0.001 0.10 0.58 0.61 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.02 0.32 0.34 <0.001 0.02 0.32 0.34 <0.001
0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11
Age 18-29 vs. 65+ 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02

Male Veteran 1.11 1.07 1.15 <0.001 1.74 1.67 1.81 <0.001
Black 4.99 4.88 5.09 <0.001 4.85 4.75 4.95 <0.001
1.14 1.11 1.16 <0.001 1.26 1.22 1.29 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 1.28 1.25 1.32 <0.001 1.29 1.26 1.33 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 0.63 0.61 0.66 <0.001 0.62 0.59 0.64 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.15 0.14 0.16 <0.001 0.14 0.13 0.15 <0.001

Age 18-29 vs. 65+

66  National Center on Homelessness among Veterans

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Table G5. Logistic Regression Analyses Predicting Homelessness for Phoenix
among the General Population, Stratified by Sex.

Group Predictor OR Univariate p OR Multivariate p
Female Veteran 1.44 95% CI <0.001 1.24 95% CI 0.008
Black 6.42 Lower Upper <0.001 5.88 Lower Upper <0.001
1.26 1.22 1.68 <0.001 1.28 1.05 1.45 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 1.03 6.06 6.81 1.06 5.54 6.23 0.115
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 0.55 1.19 1.34 0.335 0.59 1.21 1.35 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.11 0.97 1.11 <0.001 0.12 0.99 1.13 <0.001
0.50 0.60 <0.001 0.54 0.64
Age 18-29 vs. 65+ 0.09 0.12 0.10 0.14

Male Veteran 1.06 1.01 1.12 0.012 1.26 1.20 1.33 <0.001
Black 7.43 7.09 7.79 <0.001 7.01 6.68 7.35 <0.001
1.86 1.75 1.97 <0.001 1.87 1.76 1.98 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 2.90 2.73 3.08 <0.001 2.84 2.67 3.02 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 1.77 1.65 1.90 <0.001 1.73 1.60 1.86 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.32 0.28 0.37 <0.001 0.32 0.28 0.36 <0.001

Age 18-29 vs. 65+

National Center on Homelessness among Veterans 67 

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table G6. Logistic Regression Analyses Predicting Homelessness for San Jose
among the General Population, Stratified by Sex.

Group Predictor OR Univariate p OR Multivariate p
Female Veteran 3.74 95% CI <0.001 4.23 95% CI <0.001
Black 6.44 Lower Upper <0.001 5.98 Lower Upper <0.001
1.18 3.15 4.42 <0.001 1.21 3.54 5.02 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 1.14 5.97 6.93 <0.001 1.14 5.54 6.44 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 0.56 1.10 1.26 <0.001 0.56 1.13 1.29 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.13 1.06 1.23 <0.001 0.13 1.05 1.22 <0.001
0.51 0.62 0.51 0.62
Age 18-29 vs. 65+ 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.16

Male Veteran 1.60 1.52 1.68 <0.001 1.97 1.86 2.08 <0.001
Black 7.98 7.58 8.40 <0.001 7.25 6.88 7.64 <0.001
1.57 1.48 1.66 <0.001 1.59 1.50 1.68 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 2.27 2.14 2.41 <0.001 2.13 2.00 2.26 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 1.54 1.43 1.65 <0.001 1.28 1.18 1.37 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.40 0.36 0.45 <0.001 0.31 0.28 0.35 <0.001

Age 18-29 vs. 65+

68  National Center on Homelessness among Veterans

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table G7. Logistic Regression Analyses Predicting Homelessness for Tampa
among the General Population, Stratified by Sex.

Group Predictor OR Univariate p OR Multivariate p
Female Veteran 2.63 95% CI <0.001 2.08 95% CI <0.001
Black 4.28 Lower Upper <0.001 3.82 Lower Upper <0.001
1.08 2.12 3.22 1.14 1.68 2.56
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 1.09 3.90 4.68 0.155 1.19 3.49 4.18 0.020
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 0.42 0.97 1.21 0.155 0.49 1.02 1.28 0.007
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.06 0.97 1.24 <0.001 0.08 1.05 1.34 <0.001
0.35 0.50 <0.001 0.40 0.58 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 65+ 0.04 0.09 0.05 0.11

Male Veteran 1.04 0.97 1.12 0.291 1.16 1.07 1.25 <0.001
Black 4.61 4.33 4.90 <0.001 4.68 4.39 4.98 <0.001
2.97 2.66 3.31 <0.001 3.20 2.87 3.58 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 4.62 4.14 5.15 <0.001 5.04 4.52 5.64 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 2.71 2.40 3.06 <0.001 3.06 2.70 3.48 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.27 0.21 0.35 <0.001 0.32 0.24 0.41 <0.001

Age 18-29 vs. 65+

National Center on Homelessness among Veterans 69 

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Appendix  H.  Logistic  Regression  Analyses  Predicting  Homelessness  for  Each  Continuum  of  Care  among 
the Population in Poverty, Stratified by Sex. 
 
 

Table H1. Logistic Regression Analyses Predicting Homelessness for Columbus
among the Poverty Population, Stratified by Sex.

Group Predictor OR Univariate p OR Multivariate p
Female Veteran 2.87 95% CI <0.001 2.73 95% CI <0.001
Black 3.30 Lower Upper <0.001 3.04 Lower Upper <0.001
1.85 1.93 4.10 <0.001 1.71 1.83 3.92 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 1.94 3.01 3.62 <0.001 1.89 2.77 3.34 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 0.63 1.67 2.05 <0.001 0.65 1.54 1.90 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.10 1.70 2.20 <0.001 0.11 1.66 2.15 <0.001
0.50 0.78 0.51 0.80
Age 18-29 vs. 65+ 0.06 0.15 0.06 0.17

Male Veteran 2.11 1.93 2.30 <0.001 1.64 1.49 1.80 <0.001
Black 3.66 3.43 3.91 <0.001 3.04 2.84 3.25 <0.001
5.25 4.79 5.77 <0.001 4.12 3.75 4.54 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 6.97 6.34 7.68 <0.001 5.68 5.15 6.27 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 3.43 3.01 3.92 <0.001 2.95 2.57 3.38 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.67 0.51 0.87 0.49 0.37 0.63 <0.001
0.003
Age 18-29 vs. 65+

70  National Center on Homelessness among Veterans

Prevalence and Risk of Homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A Multisite Investigation

Table H2. Logistic Regression Analyses Predicting Homelessness for Denver
among the Poverty Population, Stratified by Sex.

Group Predictor OR Univariate p OR Multivariate p
Female Veteran 1.98 95% CI <0.001 1.82 95% CI <0.001
Black 4.91 Lower Upper <0.001 4.60 Lower Upper <0.001
1.51 1.37 2.76 <0.001 1.47 1.25 2.56 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 1.96 4.39 5.48 <0.001 1.71 4.11 5.14 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 0.94 1.33 1.71 0.85 1.30 1.67
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.15 1.70 2.26 0.535 0.16 1.48 1.98 0.135
0.76 1.15 <0.001 0.69 1.05 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 65+ 0.10 0.23 0.10 0.23

Male Veteran 2.79 2.57 3.03 <0.001 2.31 2.11 2.52 <0.001
Black 3.62 3.34 3.92 <0.001 3.53 3.25 3.83 <0.001
3.54 3.17 3.97 <0.001 3.43 3.06 3.85 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 30-44 8.10 7.24 9.08 <0.001 6.79 6.06 7.63 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 45-54 4.75 4.18 5.41 <0.001 3.46 3.03 3.95 <0.001
Age 18-29 vs. 55-64 0.72 0.53 0.95 0.44 0.33 0.59 <0.001
0.025
Age 18-29 vs. 65+

National Center on Homelessness among Veterans 71