Knowledge Sheet/ E33204/Kru Jaae

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 1

Name…………………………………….………………………………………………………….class M.6/……. No. …………
SUBJECT: ENGLISH READING AND WRITING (E33204) Matthayomsuksa 6 Academic year 2021

คําชแ้ี จง 1. เอกสารประกอบการสอนนร้ี วบรวมและจัดทําขน้ึ โดยทีมผสู อนรายวิชาภาษาอังกฤษอานเขียน
จํานวน 4 ทานที่ไดร บั มอบหมายการสอนในรายวิชาเดยี วกัน

2. เอกสารนี้จัดทาํ ข้ึนเพ่ือใชส อนเสริมเพ่ิมเตมิ ความรใู นโรงเรยี น ไมไดมเี จตนานาํ ไปใชเพ่อื การพาณชิ ย
และการหาประโยชนสวนตนแตอ ยางใด

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 2

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 3

Part II Language Summary

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 4

Part III Writing

Compare and Contrast Structure Words

ตัวชแ้ี นะหรือคาํ สัญญาณที่แสดงการเปรียบเทียบ

as / as.................as เหมือนกับ

like / alike เหมอื นกบั
similar to (+ noun) เหมอื นกบั ,คลา ยกับ

resemble (v) เหมือนกับ
similarily (adv) ในทํานองเดียวกัน
likewise (adv) ในทํานองเดยี วกัน
correspondingly (adv) ในทาํ นองเดยี วกนั
in the same way (adv) ในทาํ นองเดยี วกัน
in like manner (adv) ในทํานองเดยี วกัน
เปรยี บเทียบกบั
comparing เปรยี บเทียบกับ
compare with
as if / as though ราวกบั วา
not only... but also...
neither... nor...
just like (+ noun)
to compare (to/with)
both... and...

Examples

 Computers can be used to communicate easily, for example via email. Similarly/Likewise, the
mobile phone is a convenient tool for communication.

 Both computers and mobile phones can be used to communicate easily with other people.
 Just like the computer, the mobile phone can be used to communicate easily with other people.
 The computer is similar to the mobile phone in the way it can be used for easy communication.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอ่านเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 5

ตัวช้ีแนะหรอื คาํ สญั ญาณที่แสดงการขัดแยง แต

but / yet แตอ ยางไรก็ตาม
แมวา
however / nevertheless
though / although/ even though ในขณะท่ี (แสดงการแยงกนั )
ในทางตรงกนั ขาม
while / whereas ในทางตรงกันขาม
on the other hand ในทางตรงขาม
on the contrary ในทางกลับกัน
แมว า
in contrast .............................
conversely ................................
in spite of / despite
to be dissimilar to
to differ from

Examples

 Computers, although increasingly small, are not always easy to carry from one place to
another. However, the mobile phone can be carried with ease.

 Computers are generally not very portable, whereas the mobile phone is.
 Computers differ from mobile phones in their lack of portability.
 Computers are unlike mobile phones in their lack of portability.

Using while and whereas

Whereas (By Contrast)

Another subordinating conjunction, “whereas” means “in contrast to” or “while at the same time.” It’s
used for comparing two ideas, opinions or facts:
Example:

Tigers have stripy fur whereas leopards have spots.
They say that fashion is temporary whereas style lasts forever.
In Southern France the winters are quite mild whereas in the north they can be cold.
I’m a big Black Sabbath fan whereas Harry is more into Justin Bieber.
In the above, “whereas” is used to highlight differing musical tastes. It can also be used at the start of a
sentence to foreground the contrast:
Whereas fossil fuels produce a lot of air pollution, solar energy is comparatively clean.

WHILE

We can also use while to compare and contrast ideas. However, unlike the previous two words, we
typically use while at the beginning of a sentence. This marks a dependent clause, making these sentences
complex.

While she didn’t study very heard, she still got good grades in her exams.
While he may be rich, he certainly isn’t handsome.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 6

While the food in that restaurant is top quality, the service is atrocious.
In each example, we are introducing an idea that contrasts with the idea in the second clause. For
example, it is surprising that she got good grades because she didn’t study!

Using although, even though and though

USING “ALTHOUGH” VS “THOUGH“ VS “EVEN THOUGH’ IN ENGLISH
“Although“, “Though” and “Even though” are all subordinating conjunctions, which connect two sentences
together.
Sentences with these conjunctions have two clauses; one “main clause” and the other “concessive
clause” (which include opposite idea (contrast) of the main clause of the sentence.)

“Although“, “Though” and “Even though” are used for the same meaning, expressing the idea of contrast.
But structurally there is a small difference between them.

USING “ ALTHOUGH “ IN ENGLISH

“Although” means “in spite of something”.

Structure:

Examples:
 Although it rained all day, we enjoyed the party very much.
 He failed in the exam although he studied very hard.
 They didn’t go to the party although they were invited.

USING “ THOUGH “ IN ENGLISH

“Though” means “in spite of something”. ( “Though” is informal way to say “Although” – the weakest
expression or emphatic )

Structure:

Examples:
 Though the weather was very cold and snowy, the kids played outside.
 He isn’t happy though he is rich.
 Though it was very late, students kept studying.
 She doesn’t want to go to the doctor though she is very sick.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอ่านเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 7

Attention:
“Though” can be used at the end of a sentence.

Example:
 I agree that she is a good singer. I don’t like her, though.

USING “ EVEN THOUGH “ IN ENGLISH

“Even though” means “in spite of something”. ( “Even though” is more formal way to say “Although” –
the strongest expression or emphatic )

Structure:

Examples:
 Even though they were millionaires, they used the old cars.
 We are still very hungry even though we have already ate a lot.
 Even though she was very tired, she decided to go out.
 He had a good time with his family even though he was very busy yesterday.

The two types of structure, block and point-by-point, are shown in the diagram below.

Block Point-by-point
Introduction
Introduction
Point 1
Object 1 - Point 1
Object 1 - Point 2 Object 1 ➤ Object 2
Object 1 - Point 3
Point 2
Transition
sentence/paragraph Object 1 ➤ Object 2

Object 2 - Point 1
Object 2 - Point 2
Object 2 - Point 3

Conclusion Point 3

Source: https://www.eapfoundation.com/ Object 1 ➤ Object 2
Conclusion

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอ่านเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 8

Example essay

Title: There have been many advances in technology over the past fifty years. These have
revolutionized the way we communicate with people who are far away. Compare and
contrast methods of communication used today with those which were used in the past.

Before the advent of computers and modern technology, people
communicating over long distances used traditional means such
as letters and the telephone. Nowadays we have a vast array of
communication tools which can complete this task, ranging from
email to instant messaging and video calls. While the present and
previous means of communication are similar in their general
form, they differ in regard to their speed and the range of tools
available.

One similarity between current and previous methods of Compare
communication relates to the form of communication.
In the past, both written forms such as letters were frequently
used, in addition to oral forms such as telephone calls.
Similarly, people nowadays use both of these forms.
Just as in the past, written forms of communication are prevalent,
for example via email and text messaging. In addition, oral forms
are still used, including the telephone, mobile phone, and voice
messages via instant messaging services.

However, there are clearly many differences in the way we Contrast
communicate over long distances, the most notable of which is speed. 12
This is most evident in relation to written forms of communication. In Compare transitions
the past, letters would take days to arrive at their destination. In
contrast, an email arrives almost instantaneously and can be read
seconds after it was sent. In the past, if it was necessary to send a
short message, for example at work, a memo could be passed around
the office, which would take some time to circulate. This is different
from the current situation, in which a text message can be sent
immediately.

Another significant difference is the range of communication methods.

Fifty years ago, the tools available for communicating over long Contrast transitions
distances were primarily the telephone and the letter. By comparison,

there are a vast array of communication methods available today.

These include not only the telephone, letter, email and text messages already mentioned,

but also video conferences via software such as Skype or mobile phone apps such as

WeChat, and social media such as Facebook and Twitter.

In conclusion, methods of communication have greatly advanced over the past fifty years.
While there are some similarities, such as the forms of communication, there are
significant differences, chiefly in relation to the speed of communication and the range of
communication tools available. There is no doubt that technology will continue to progress
in future, and the advanced tools which we use today may one day also become outdated.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอ่านเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 9

ตวั อยางขอสอบ

ขอสอบ GAT ENG ป 63

Passage 2 (Items 36-40)

If you have ever looked to go on a river cruise in Europe, chances are you will have narrowed
down the choices to two renowned rivers: the Rhine and the Danube. The Rhine flows through Germany
while the Danube runs primarily through Austria.

The cruises usually offer land excursions to charming towns. Attractions are within walking distance
from where your ship docks. Because these two rivers are major waterways, almost all local river cruise
lines operate on these routes, meaning that you have plenty of choices to choose from.
Both rivers span Europe’s best scenery, passing cities, castles and many inspiring landscapes. On the Rhine,
two of the biggest stops are in the cities of Amsterdam and Cologne. However, be mindful that the Rhine
is an industrial river, so working vessels also share the waterway. On the Danube, you have Budapest, with
its castle on the hill, along with Vienna, where you can catch a classical music performance or opera
almost any night. The scenery is a little greener on the Danube. If you like castles and cathedrals, both
rivers will fit the bill. On the Rhine, cruises often stop at a 700-year-old castle. On the Danube, you’ll

either stop at Melk or Krems, where there are churches

36 Travelers who are fans of opera would love ______.

1. Melk 2. Krems 3. Cologne 4. Budapest 5. Vienna

37. The phrase “fit the bill” means be ______.

1. manageable 2. suitable 3. profitable 4. economical 5. costly

38. One of the DISADVANTAGES of the Rhine cruise is that ______.

1. it only makes two stops 2. it does not dock at big cities

3. passengers will not see any castle 4. its scenery is not as green as the Danube’s

5. the river is quieter compared to the Danube

39. According to the passage, which of the following statement is NOT TRUE about Rhine and Danube

cruises?

1. Both cruises are suitable for travelers interested in castles.

2. When ships dock, travelers can walk to nearby attractions.

3. Traffic is to be expected on both rivers because they are the main rivers in Europe.

4. Travelers need to take a shuttle bus to visit sites during land excursions.

5. Travelers can easily find a good deal themselves because there are many cruises available.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 10

40. What is the best main idea of the passage? ONET 62
1. A river cruise is the best way to experience the taste of Europe.
2. The only two rivers worth cruising are the Danube and the Rhine
3. A river cruise offers travelers opportunities to visit multiple cities.
4. Both the Rhine and the Danube are great options for a river cruise.
5. If you are visiting Europe for the first time, you should take a river cruise.

Directions: Choose the BEST alternatives to complete the passage.

Passage

Ross Levy has been designing and making his own toys since he was a schoolboy. His workshop at
the Art Handicrafts Center now has over 90 (46)…………_wooden toys, (47) ………..__from small animals
to a hand-carved rocking horse. Ross uses pinus and rimu wood. When the (48)………… have been cut,
they are hand-sanded, put together and finally (49)………………__with soya bean oil. Ross Levy also has
export orders to Europe, the United States, Canada, Asia, and Australia. Mail orders are always
welcome. They will be packed and posted (50) ……………….

46. 1. different 2. namely 3. unlikely 4. unpopular 5. artificial

47. 1. ordering 2. sequencing 3. ranging 4. spreading 5. lining

48. 1. shapes 2. fractions 3. diagrams 4. charts 5. images

49. 1. patched 2. painted 3. beautified 4. coloured 5. coated

50, 1. overseas 2. remotely 3. outwards 4. aboard 5. externally

แหลง อางองิ / ท่ีมาของขอมูล

http://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/successful-writing/s14-07-comparison-and-contrast
HTTPS://GETPROOFED.COM/WRITING-TIPS/COMPARISON-WORDS-ALTHOUGH-WHEREAS-AND-

DESPITE/https://englishstudypage.com/grammar/although-vs-though-vs-even-though/

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอ่านเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 11

ใบความรู
หนวยการเรียนรูที่ 6 Language

คําศัพท Keeping It Secret

-invisible (adj.): something that is invisible cannot be seen (มองไมเหน็ , ไมป รากฏ)

-dip (v.): to put something into a liquid and lift it out again (จุม )

-reliable (adj.): someone or something that is reliable can be trusted or depended on

(นา เชือ่ ถือ, วางใจได)

-substitute (v.): to use something new or different instead of something else (แทนท)่ี

-decode (v.): to discover the meaning of a message written in a code(ถอดรหัส, แปล

ความหมาย)

-transmit (v.): to send out electronic signals, messages etc. using radio, television, or other

similar equipment (เปนสือ่ , ถา ยทอด)

-undecipherable (adj.): unable to be read or understood (ที่ไมสามารถถอดรหสั ได, ที่แปลไมได)

-intercept (v.): to stop something or someone that is going from one place to

another before they get there (ยับยง้ั )

-device (n.): a machine or tool that does a special job (อุปกรณ, สิ่งประดิษฐ)

สํานวนภาษา

-cracked the … code (v.): to find the answer to a problem or manage to understand something

that is difficult to understand (ถอดรหัส)

คาํ ศพั ท English around the World

- universal (adj.): involving everyone in the world or in a particular group (เปนสากล)

- borrow (v.): to take or copy someone's ideas, words, etc. and use them in your own work,

language, etc. (ยมื )

- threaten (v.): to be likely to harm or destroy something (คกุ คาม)

- fine (n.): money that you have to pay as a punishment (คาปรับ)

- eliminate (v.): to completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwanted (กาํ จดั )

- concern (n.): a feeling of worry about something important (ความกงั วล)

- disappear (v.): to be lost, or to become impossible to find (สญู หาย)

- inevitable (adj.): certain to happen and impossible to avoid (ซ่งึ หลีกเล่ยี งไมไ ด)

- preserve (v.): to save something or someone from being harmed or destroyed (อนุรกั ษ)

- สํานวนภาษา

- pop up (phrv.): to appear or happen, sometimes unexpectedly (เกิดขึ้นอยางไมคาดคิด)

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 12

การเขียน Essay

รูปแบบของการเขยี น Essay
1. ยอ หนา แรก: Introduction เปนการเกร่ินนํา พดู ถึงหวั ขอแบบกวางๆ บอกความคิดเหน็ ของ
เราซักประโยค (เห็นดว ย/ไมเห็นดวย)
2. ยอ หนา ท่ี 2: บอกความคดิ เห็นของเรา พรอมเหตผุ ลสนบั สนุน
3. ยอหนา ที่ 3: อธบิ ายเพิ่มเตมิ หรือเขียนแสดงความคิดเหน็ ในดา นตรงกันขาม แสดงให
กรรมการเห็นวา เราเขาใจท้ัง 2 ฝง
4. ยอหนา สดุ ทาย: การสรปุ (Concluding)

Introduction
สาํ หรบั ข้นึ ตนประโยคแรก

•Most/Some people believe that… •เรม่ิ มาแบบกลางๆ เกร่ินกอนวา คนสวนใหญ/บางสวนเช่ือวา … อันนเ้ี ปนการ
เร่มิ ทค่ี อนขางปลอดภัย เหมอื นบอกกรรมการวา คนสวนใหญเ คาคิดอยา งนนี้ ะ จากนัน้ ถาเราเหน็ ดว ยกบั เสยี งขา งมาก เรากเ็ ขียน
บอกเนื้อหาไปในทางเดยี วกัน แตถ า เราเห็นไมต รงกับเคา ก็ไมต องกลัว ใสค ําท่ีแสดงถึงคําตรงขาม เชน However... /
Nevertheless… แลวก็ตามดวยความคิดเห็นอีกแบบของเราไดเหมือนกัน

These days.../Nowadays…คําขึน้ ตน ท่เี ราใชก ันบอยๆวาทุกวันน้ี…ซ่งึ เหมาะกบั การพูดถึงส่ิงท่ีเปน ความจรงิ (fact)
...is one of the most important issues… พูดถงึ วา หัวขอหรือเรื่องนัน้ ๆ เปน หนง่ึ ในเรื่องสําคัญมากทมี่ องขา มไมได
จากนั้นเรากเ็ ขียนตอไดอีกหลายแบบ เสริมเหตุผลตางๆ นานาเขา ไปไดเ ลย
สาํ หรับแสดงความคิดเหน็
In my opinion… ในสว นน้เี รากใ็ สไปไดเลยวา เราคดิ ยงั ไงกับเรื่องนี้ แตจ ะใช I think… เฉยๆ มันจะยงั ไมส วยพอ
ลองใชค าํ งายๆ แบบ In my opinion… หรอื Personal speaking… กไ็ ด
•I strongly agree with the idea that… •เราสามารถเริ่มประโยคไดดวยการประกาศจดุ ยนื อยา งชัดเจนแบบนี้ แลว
ตามดว ยเรอื่ งท่ีเราอยากพูด ใสเ หตผุ ลเสริมไปไดเ ลย
สําหรับใสใ นยอ หนา ที่ 2 เพอ่ื อธบิ าย
First of all.../Firstly... เรม่ิ ดว ยเหตผุ ลหรอื fact ที่จะมาสนบั สนุนความคดิ ของเราที่ไดเกร่นิ ไปแลว ทาํ ใหกรรมการรวู า
จะมีเหตผุ ลอ่นื ๆ ตามมาอีกดวยนะ
สําหรับใสใ นยอหนา ที่ 3
•Secondly.../Thirdly.../Furthermore.../Moreover… •ชุดน้ี ชว ยในการเขยี นเนน ยํ้าความคิดเหน็ ของเราใหส ตรอง
ย่งิ ขึ้น
สําหรบั เปรียบเทียบสิ่งทเ่ี ปนไปในทางเดียวกนั
Likewise.../Similarly… สาํ หรับสนบั สนนุ ความคิดนั้นๆ เขียนแลวตอ ดว ยส่ิงทเ่ี ราอยากจะพดู ในทางเดยี วกันไปไดอกี
สําหรบั แสดงความคิดเหน็ ในทางตรงกันขาม
On the other hand.../However.../Nevertheless…
เมื่อพูดถึงดานใดดานหน่ึงพรอมชักแมนํ้าท้ังหามาประกอบจนจุใจแลว เราก็อยา ลมื เขียนความเหน็ อีกดานดวย เพ่ือโชวก รรมการ
วา เราเขาใจทั้งสองฝง และสามารถเขยี น essay แสดงความเหน็ ท่แี ตกตางกันได #กรรมการจะกดถูกใจสิ่งนมี้ ากจา

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 13

การสรปุ (Concluding) สําหรบั ยอหนา สดุ ทาย
การสรปุ เปน การทบทวนประเด็นสําคญั ๆท่ีไดก ลาวไปแลว ในระหวางการนาํ เสนอกอนท่จี ะมกี ารสรุปขัน้ สดุ ทา ย ซ่งึ การ

สรุปอาจจะเปนการใหขอเสนอแนะสําหรบั หนทางปฏิบัติในอนาคตก็ได ในการกลาวสรุปน้นั อาจใชคาํ พูด เชน
•To conclude.../In summary
•In conclusion/summary, I’ve explained ... .
•In conclusion/summary, I’ve talked about ... .
•So, to /summarize/sum up/ ... .
•So, as we’ve seen in this presentation today ... .
•As I’ve explained, ... .
•At this stage I’d like to /go over/run through/ ... .
•My main point was ... .
•So, to conclude ... .
•In conclusion, we can say ... .

หลังจากท่กี ลา วสรุปไปแลวตอ ไปจะเปนโอกาสดีท่จี ะแจกจา ยเอกสารประกอบการบรรยายตางๆท่ีไดเ ตรยี มมา (หากม)ี โดยเรา
สามารถแจงใหผ ูฟงทราบดวยประโยคตอ ไปน้ี
I have some documents/folders/handouts/copies of ..., which I’ll be passing round now.
I’ll be distributing you folders/handouts/copies of ... . For some of you who’d like to have a copy of ..., I’ll
be handing them out to you now.
I’ll be handing out copies of ... to you now.
I’ve prepared some handouts/copies of ... which I’d like to pass round now.
In the handouts being distributed now, you’ll see/find ... .

สถานการณต ัวอยาง
In conclusion. I’ve talked about the prospect of opening foreign market for our products. The survey
indicated that it is possible for us to do so, but under the present circumstances we have only two options,
to do it ourselves or to let the local middleman do it for us. In the handout being distributed, you’ll find
all relevant information about the market situations in those countries in which we are thinking of opening
markets.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอ่านเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 14

ใบงาน Unit 6 Language

Part 1: (Vocabulary)

Choose the meanings of the underlined words.
1. In World War II, the British developed a machine that successfully decoded German

messages.

a. except b. harken c. interpret d. regard

2. Writing words that disappear is not a reliable way to send a secret message.

a. proceed b. invisible c. invent d. conduct

3. The French had always assumed that their language would be accepted as the common coin of

diplomacy and culture.

a. method b. currency c. invention d. lingo

4. Workers in a common profession use a secret language or code ________ businesses need to keep

information private.

a. while b. even though c. so d. as

5. Rice is one of the major crops which plays an important role _____ the Mediteranean climate.

a. like b. because of c. despite d. while

Part 2: (Writing) : Cause and Effect
Instruction: Identify the bold part as (a)cause (b) effect
6. Pollution is one of the main reasons of greenhouse effect and eventually global warming. __(a)cause
_____
7. Long time ago people used stale bread as an eraser because people in the past didn’t know how to
process and use rubber. ___(a)cause _
8. The sun has a strong gravitational pull; consequently, the Milky Way galaxy is form. __(b) effect __

Error
9.The academic community is as (a) free to pursue them (b) like any (c) other group of citizens, but no
(d) freer.
10. The charge has often been made against American writers (a) that they do not
(b) describe society, and (c) has no interest in (d) it.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอ่านเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 15

Part 3: Reading
Read the passages and answer the questions.

The very success of communications satellite has raised widespread concern
about their future. Some countries are already using satellites of domestic
communications in place of conventional telephone lines on land. Although this
technique is extremely useful for linking widely scattered villages in remote or
mountainous regions, in heavily built-up areas where extensive telephone and telegraph
systems already exist domestic satellites (or “domsat”) are seen by the land-line
networks as unfair competition. Despite such opposition, “domsats” are gaining support
from many businesses and public interest groups in the United States and seem likely to
be more widely utilized in the future.

11. The passage mentions which of the following as a major advantage of domsats?
a. They are inexpensive to operate.
b. They easily connect distant points.
c. They can be directed by remote control.
d. They can be built to be very light.

12. According to the passage, the use of domsats is especially valuable for which of the following ?
a. Mountain areas
b. Busy cities
c. Small countries
d. Private businesses

13. Who objects to the use of domsats?
a. Managers of international business groups.
b. People in small villages.
c. Operators of conventional communications systems.
d. Large public interest groups.

14. According to the passage, future United States domsats will probably….
a. be produced competitively
b. carry telephone messages only
c. become a government monopoly
d. increase in use

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 16

Read the passages and answer the questions.

Diamonds are the hardest substance on earth. The word "diamonds" comes from
the Greek word adamas, meaning "cannot be conquered." The mineral is mineral is made up
of pure carbon from deep within the earth under great pressure and temperature.

A diamond is sought and treasured by everyone, from king and queen to the
common man and woman. It is a symbol of strength, wealth and ever lasting love.

A diamond's weight is measured in carats, equal to one-fifth of a gram. It is the
wonderful ‘fire’ of diamonds that attracts all of us. The fire' is actually though split by the
diamond which reflects the colors of the spectrum. A diamond must be cut first in order to
show this 'fire' and the cutting must be exact. Next the stone is carefully polished. Another
diamond is used as a cutting tool.

The largest diamond ever found was the Cullinan diamond, named after its original
owner. It was discovered in 1905 at Pretoria, South Africa, and was sold for $150,000. The
stone was afterwards split and cut into several smaller stones, and then polished into the
new famous royal gems of England. Diamonds are also used in industry for cutting and
fashioning hard metals.

15. In forming diamonds which ones are required?
a. Adamas, pure carbon, the earth
b. Great pressure, pure carbon, mineral
c. Pure carbon, temperature the earth
d. Great pressure, temperature, pure carbon

16. What dose "fire"(line7) refer to?
a. The polished look of a diamond
b. The cut look of a diamond
c. The colors of spectrum
d. The reflection of the colors of spectrum in a cut diamond

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 17

Unit 7

Environment

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 18

Vocabulary
Instructions: Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.

absorbed adapted conserved database determined
dignity founded pest risk weed

1. There is very little ____________________ of being killed by lightning if you stay indoors during a
storm.

2. The police looked at the evidence and ____________________ that the man was innocent.
3. The government keeps a(n) ____________________ that lists everyone who flies into and out of the
country.
4. It is difficult for men and women to keep their ____________________ when they are in prison.
5. I can’t tell if that plant is a(n) ____________________ or not.
6. Have you ____________________ yet to living in a new country?
7. A(n) ____________________ is an insect or animal that can damage things, such as crops and plants.
8. Last year we ____________________ a lot of electricity by turning off our air conditioner.
9. Bill Gates and Paul Allen ____________________ Microsoft in 1975.
10. The wood ____________________ the paint very well when we had the house repainted.

Reading

Nuclear Power—Preparing for a Safe Future
Since 1970, many countries in the world have increasingly turned to nuclear power as a source of
energy. It now accounts for about 12 percent of the world’s electricity and is a significant source of power
in 31 countries. Nuclear power offers some advantages over traditional sources of energy, but it also poses
problems, some of which remain unsolved.
Nuclear power has several clear benefits. Unlike traditional sources of energy, such as coal and oil,
nuclear power does not create air pollution. In addition, some governments support the use of nuclear
power because it allows them to be independent. Japan, for example, does not have large resources of
gas, coal, or oil, but nuclear power makes this less important. Japan can create some of its own power
from nuclear energy. It does not have to rely on other countries for all of its energy needs.
In spite of these benefits, there are significant concerns about nuclear energy. Nuclear energy comes
from burning uranium. This process results in dangerous radioactive waste. Exposure to radioactivity can
cause serious illness, or even death. Nuclear plants are designed to protect employees and the public.
Nevertheless, accidents can happen. There have been two major accidents at nuclear power plants:
Chernobyl in Russia in 1986 and Fukushima in Japan in 2011, as well as other less serious ones. In both
accidents, radioactive material escaped, which caused death, illness, and widespread damage.
Fortunately, accidents at nuclear plants are infrequent. However, in the countries where nuclear power
is a significant source of energy, there is another serious safety concern. What should be done with
dangerous radioactive waste? It is not safe to just throw it away. The radioactivity will last 100,000 years.
This nuclear waste is accumulating all over the world. Currently, the waste is stored at nuclear power
plants, but this is not a permanent solution. Most experts agree that a permanent solution will require
burying the waste underground, in “deep geological repositories.” They believe this form of storage will
protect the public from radioactivity.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 19

Unfortunately, appropriate sites for burial are hard to find. Most communities do not want a nuclear
waste facility nearby. As a result, almost every proposal for such a space meets immediate opposition. The
United States government tried for fifteen years to bury nuclear waste in the western state of Nevada, but
the state strongly opposed the plan, so the government had to give it up. Such opposition has led one
engineer, Sherwin Gormly, to propose the storage of nuclear waste on the moon. Currently, no country has
established a permanent storage site although several are in the planning or construction phase. Finland’s
Okala facility, located 400 meters below ground, is the closest to completion. The Finnish government
expects to begin storage in Okala in 2020 and to seal the facility 90 years later. Sweden and France are
building and testing similar facilities.

One important question is how these sealed facilities should be labeled. Since they will be radioactive
for thousands of years, it is difficult to know how to warn people who might find them in the future. Will
people 50,000 or 100,000 years in the future still use the same language? Will they understand our symbols
for radioactivity or danger? So far, this is a question that no one has been able to answer.

Nuclear power is a vital source of energy in many countries. However, unless they are able to resolve
serious safety concerns, it is not likely that it will replace our traditional sources of energy.

Instructions: Refer to the reading “Nuclear Power—Preparing for a Safe Future.” Choose the correct answer
for each question.

1. In the last 45 years, has the use of nuclear energy in the world increased, decreased, or stayed
about the same?
a. increased
b. decreased
c. stayed about the same

2. In paragraph 2, what does this refer to in the phrase makes this less important?
a. lack of natural resources
b. use of nuclear power
c. dependence on foreign energy

3. Which of the following is not a cause for concern in the use of nuclear energy?
a. radioactive waste
b. possible accidents at nuclear power plants
c. air pollution

4. Where is nuclear waste currently stored?
a. deep underground
b. on the moon
c. at nuclear power plants

5. Why is the U.S. government not going to bury nuclear waste in Nevada?
a. It is too dangerous.
b. The people of Nevada don’t want it buried there.
c. There is a new plan to bury it on the moon.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 20

6. Which country expects to have an underground facility for its nuclear waste first?
a. Finland
b. France
c. Japan

7. How will nuclear waste burial sites in the future label the fact that waste is buried there?
a. They will use English.
b. They will use symbols.
c. We don’t know yet.

8. What is the main idea of the reading?
a. We need to decide where we can safely put our nuclear waste in the future.
b. The use of nuclear power has several advantages and disadvantages.
c. Nuclear power is too dangerous to use.

Writing

 What Is an Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that takes a stance on an issue. In a good
argumentative essay, a writer attempts to persuade readers to understand and support their point
of view about a topic by stating their reasoning and providing evidence to back it up.

Argumentative essay writing is a common assignment for high school and college students.
Generally, argumentative essay topics are related to science, technology, politics, and health care.

How to outline an argumentative essay in 4 steps: a good argumentative essay should follow
this structure:

1. Introductory paragraph -The first paragraph of your essay should outline the topic, provide
background information necessary to understand your argument, outline the evidence you will
present and states your thesis.

2. The thesis statement -This is part of your first paragraph. It is a concise, one-sentence summary
of your main point and claim.

3. Body paragraphs -A typical argumentative essay comprises three or more paragraphs that
explain the reasons why you support your thesis. Each body paragraph should cover a different
idea or piece of evidence and contain a topic sentence that clearly and concisely explains why
the reader should agree with your position. Body paragraphs are where you back up your claims
with examples, research, statistics, studies, and text citations. Address opposing points of view
and disprove them or explain why you disagree with them. Presenting facts and considering a
topic from every angle adds credibility and will help you gain a reader’s trust.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอ่านเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 21

4. Conclusion -One paragraph that restates your thesis and summarizes all of the arguments made
in your body paragraphs. Rather than introducing new facts or more arguments, a good
conclusion will appeal to a reader’s emotions. In some cases, writers will use a personal
anecdote explaining how the topic personally affects them.

From: https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-a-good-argumentative-essay

Instructions: For each sentence, answer True or False.

1. When you write an argumentative essay, you should avoid discussing causes and effects or
making comparisons and contrasts.

2. An argumentative essay may also be called a persuasion essay.
3. The following sentence provides concrete support for an argumentative essay on zoos: In many

countries, zoos are poorly maintained.
4. One effective way to provide support for an argumentative essay is to quote your sources by

stating: People say… or Authorities agree.
5. Your argumentative essay will be more convincing if it is supported by concrete facts.
6. Opinions can also be facts.
7. A good source of relevant support is the opinions of family members or friends who are

knowledgeable on your topic.
8. You should not use opinions at all in an argumentative essay, only facts.
9. When you quote an authoritative source, you should identify the source by providing the name of

the person or organization.
10. In an argumentative essay, it is important that all your support is relevant.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 22

Synonyms in O-NET -GAT -PAT -TOEIC -TOEFL -CU TEP -TU GET -SAT #1

กลุมคาํ ทม่ี คี วามหมายวา “โรคระบาด” กลมุ คําทม่ี ีความหมายวา “ทน”

 Epidemic  Endure
 Contagion  Resist
 Outbreak  Tolerate
 Plague  Bear

กลมุ คาํ ทีม่ คี วามหมายวา “ตัด” กลุมคาํ ทมี่ ีความหมายวา “สวา ง”

 Slice  Bright
 Carve  Shimmering
 Cleave  Vivid
 Chop  Colorful
 Lop

กลุมคําทีม่ ีความหมายวา “มืด” กลมุ คําท่ีมีความหมายวา “อรอ ย”

 Dark  Savory
 Shadowy  Delectable
 Murky  Appetizing
 Gloomy  Luscious
 Dim  Scrumptious

กลุมคําท่ีมคี วามหมายวา “ปรองดอง”

 Square
 Coordinate
 Correlate
 Conciliate

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 23

Synonyms in O-NET -GAT -PAT -TOEIC -TOEFL -CU TEP -TU GET -SAT #2

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 24

Unit 8: Literature

Literary Devices Review
 Simile
 Similes are comparisons between two unlike things using the word “like” or “as”
 Similes are commonly used in both speech and literature. Because of the signal words like and as,
students are usually able to identify similes better than other figurative language technique.
 Her action was as evil as the devil himself.
 The bottle rolled off the table like a teardrop.
 The handshake felt like warm laundry.
 She hung her head like a dying flower.
 Arguing with her was like dueling with hand grenades.

Metaphor
A metaphor is a comparison between two different things without using the word “like” or “as.”
The greater the difference between the two things being compared, the better the metaphor. For example,
“Football is baseball.” Though this is arguably a metaphor, it generally would not be regarded as a very
good one. The objects of comparison are too similar. “Football is chess”. This is better because we can tell
that it’s very different and give us room to critique on how it is similar.

The cast on Michael’s broken leg was a plaster shackle.
She was just a trophy to Ricardo, another object to possess.
The path of resentment is easier to travel than the road to forgiveness.
Waves of spam emails inundated his inbox.
Her eyes were fireflies.
Personification
Personification is when the speaker or writer gives human characteristics, qualities, or traits to an object or
idea.
Personification is when an object or idea does something that only people do.
But now the rains weep o'er his hall
The moon turned over to face the day.
One unhappy icicle wasted away in the day.
The traffic noises argued long into the night and finally Cal went to sleep.
Almost every Disney animated films

•

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 25

Idiom
Idioms are figurative expressions used so often that they become part of the language.
Idiom is not a distinct figurative language technique. Rather, most idioms are similes, metaphors, or other
figurative language techniques. For example, the idiom “I’m so hungry that I could eat a horse,” is an
example of hyperbole. And the idiom, “dropping like flies,” is a simile. Native speakers use them so much
that many don’t even know that they are using figurative language.

Bob’s new corner office was just the icing on the cake (metaphor).
After eating candy, Billy ran around like a chicken with his head cut off (simile).
The quarter back was running out of steam (metaphor).
That new car cost an arm and a leg (hyperbole).
Tom said that he changed but actions speak louder than words (personification).
Hyperbole
Hyperbole is when the writer or speaker exaggerates for emphasis or effect.
The word “hyperbole” means to overthrow or to go over.
Yeah, I already beat that game 80,000 years ago.
Nobody listens to that song anymore.
Old Mr. Johnson has been teaching here since the Stone Age.
Forget knocking it out of the park, Frank can knock a baseball off the continent.
These shoes are killing me.
Ambiguity
Ambiguity is a word or statement that has more than one meaning.
Rose thou art sick.
The invisible worm,
That flies in the night
In the howling storm:
Has found out thy bed
Of crimson joy:
And his dark secret love
Does thy life destroy. (Sick Rose)
Is the worm’s life destroyed or the rose’s life destroyed?
You kiss by th’ book (Romeo and Juliet)
Did Romeo kissed expertly or without passion?

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 26

Symbol
Symbol contains several layers of meaning, often concealed at first sight, and is representative of several
other aspects, concepts or traits than those that are visible in the literal translation alone

Beware of jealousy, my lord! It's a green-eyed monster that makes fun of the victims it devours.
(Othello) This symbolized jealousy that turns someone from mature man to an insecure boy.

Apple (Bible, Snow White, and Iliad) Apple could represent many things such as knowledge,
forbidden, or even important decision.

Flower could symbolized many things depends on the flower. Ex. Rose is love, Daffodil is
unequalled love, and Marigold is despair
Key Phrases in Poetry Analysis
• Literal meaning: Using imagery (sense of sight, sound, smell, feel, and taste) in order sense what the
subject in the poem is sensing.

 The poem is about…..
 The speaker is …..
 The setting is …..
 The speaker sees …..
 The speaker decides …..
 The speaker thinks…..
 The speaker imagines …..

• Deeper meaning: Think outside the box in order to interpret the poem in a deeper scale using your
opinions and sources.

 The meaning of the poem is …
 The first description of the setting is …
 The first metaphor is …
 The next for lines provide an image of …
 Line x-y describe ….
 Line x tells us …
 Line x and y provide an image of …
 The final metaphor is …

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 27

Personal Narrative:
A personal narrative provides details about people, places, and events in order to understand the feeling
within the story.
You should ask yourself these questions after reading

 Why does the piece speak to you?
 Why did you read all the way to the end?
 What information did you take away from this piece?
 What is the main reason for this passage?

Descriptive language
There are 4 types of descriptive language
Adjectives are words that describe what you can sense about a noun including sight, sound, smell, taste,
touch, and emotion.

An elephant eating grass.
The huge (sight) elephant sat in the warm (touch) sunshine contentedly (emotion) crunching (sound)
the sweet (taste) fragrant (smell) grass.
Adverbs are words that modify verbs. They give more information about the verb by indicating “how” and
“when”. Some examples of adverbs are smoothly, destructively, always, very, today, and yesterday.
Similes are phrases that use the words “like” or “as” to describe a noun by comparing it to another noun
with similar characteristics.
 The floor tiles were as cold as ice.
 She was quick like a bunny.
 The night sky was as black as coal.
Metaphors are phrases that describe several characteristics of a noun by comparing it to another noun.
Unlike similes, metaphors do not use “like” or “as” and are more difficult to create.
 She is more of an idea person (than a strategic one).
 Life is a journey.
 I am drowning in homework.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอ่านเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 28

Figurative Language Worksheet
Directions: Read the lines of poetry. Slashes represent line breaks. Figure out which technique is being used: simile,
metaphor, hyperbole, or personification. In the boxes, explain how you figured out your answer. It is possible that
more than one technique is being used. If you can, explain each.

1. He would write, but his hours are as busy / As bees in the sun,
Which technique is being used?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Simile, Metaphor, Personification, or Hyperbole
How do you figure?

2. My words are little jars / For you to take and put upon a shelf.
Their shapes are quaint and beautiful, / And they have many pleasant colors and lusters
Which technique is being used?
______________________________________________________________________________
Simile, Metaphor, Personification, or Hyperbole
How do you figure?

3. All round the house is the jet-black night; / It stares through the window-pane;
It crawls in the corners, hiding from the light,
Which technique is being used?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Simile, Metaphor, Personification, or Hyperbole
How do you figure?

4. Oh, never, if I live to a million, / Shall I feel such a grievous pain.
Which technique is being used?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Simile, Metaphor, Personification, or Hyperbole
How do you figure?

5. But words are things, and a small drop of ink, / Falling, like dew, upon a thought produces
Which technique is being used?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Simile, Metaphor, Personification, or Hyperbole
How do you figure?

6. And then my heart with pleasure fills, / And dances with the daffodils.
Which technique is being used?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Simile, Metaphor, Personification, or Hyperbole
How do you figure?

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอ่านเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 29

7. Sifted through the grass were daisies, / Open-mouthed, wondering, they gazed at the sun.
Which technique is being used?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Simile, Metaphor, Personification, or Hyperbole
How do you figure?

8. With processions long and winding / With the countless torches lit
Which technique is being used?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Simile, Metaphor, Personification, or Hyperbole
How do you figure?

9. My brain is fire--my heart is lead! / Her soul is flint, and what am I?
Which technique is being used?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Simile, Metaphor, Personification, or Hyperbole
How do you figure?

10. Carven cathedrals, on a sky/ Of faintest color, where the gothic spires fly/ And sway like masts, against a shifting
breeze.
Which technique is being used?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Simile, Metaphor, Personification, or Hyperbole
How do you figure?

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 30

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอ่านเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 31

Part 1: Vocabulary

Instructions: Choose the correct word to complete each sentence

bend claim collect diverge doubt

fortuneloan receipt scold sigh

1. People say that the se level around the world is going to rise by many meters in the next few years,

but I ________________ that is going to happen.

2. You can ______________ me all you want, but I still won’t do what you ask.

3. I don’t understand the ___________ you are making. Are you saying that you don’t believe in global
warming?

4. Most people in the world have very little money. But then there are others who have a _______.

5. Sven was so strong he could _________________ a steel bar with his bare hands.

6. Darla’s mother let out a deep __________. She sounded so tired and sad.

7. The salesman forgot to give Armando a __________ for the painting that he bought.

8. Mr. and Mrs. Grant needed a large __________ in order to buy the house.

9. I’m afraid our opinions _________ at this point. You believe one thing, but hold a different point of
view entirely.

10. Go to the office over there to ____________ your money.

Part 2: Critical Reading and Writing

Instruction: Read the following poem and analyze the poem.

Papa’s Waltz by Theodore Roethke

The whiskey on your breath

Could make a small boy dizzy;

But I hung on like death:

Such waltzing was not easy.

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอ่านเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 32

We romped until the pans romp: play roughly and energetically

Slid from the kitchen shelf;

My mother’s countenance countenance: facial expression

Could not unfrown itself.

The hand that held my wrist battered: injure
Was battered on one knuckle; Buckle: pin used for joining the ends of a belt or strap
At every step you missed
My right ear scraped a buckle.

You beat time on my head

With a palm caked hard by dirt,

Then waltzed me off to bed

Still clinging to your shirt

11. What happened in the poem Papa’s Waltz?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

12. How would you describe the father in Papa’s Waltz?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

เอกสารประกอบการสอนรายวชิ าภาษาองั กฤษอา่ นเขียน (อ ) ภาคเรียนที / ชนั มธั ยมศกึ ษาปี ที 33

13. How do you think the boy feels about being waltz by his father?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

14. What is the tone of this poem?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

15. Do you think that, for the boy, this dance was happy, scary, or something in between? Why?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________