Health & Physical Edu

G) Segmental fracture Goal of first aid

1. To help casualties

2. To reduce distress in them

3. To save life

Motive of first aid

To provide appropriate first help to
the victim or casualty before getting
access to a doctor or hospital.

Importance of first aid

Injuries from games or sports when In normal day to day life or in the life
appropriate care is not taken of a sports person, accidents can take
place. Every individual should be aware
of the first aid and how it needs to be
Game Types of injuries imparted. Moreover, there is greater need
Tennis amongst the sports teachers, trainers and
Injuries to elbow, sports persons to generate awareness
Boxing knee, leg about first aid.
Injuries to the face, Injury management
brain and fingers

Diving Injuries to head 1. Soft tissue injury management and
rehabilitation.
Fencing Face injury
 Rest the injured body part.
Weight lifting Shoulder, back and
spine injury  Place an ice pack on the injured
part for 20 to 30 minutes.
Throwing Injuries to shoulder
events and elbow  Do not massage the injured body
part for 48 hours.
Basket ball Fingers and shoulder
injury  Clean the wound and bandage it
to stop blood flow.
Rafting Injury to nerves
 Give cold compression to avoid
Horse riding Back and spine injury and reduce swelling.

Games on Injuries to hands and  Use pain killer medicines or spray
ice, Kabaddi, legs to reduce pain.
Kho kho
 For support use safe and sturdy
Training for long durations or constant equipment.
participation in competitions can cause
defect leading to injuries to the body.  Visit the doctor for proper and
complete treatment.
First aid
 Give appropriate rehabilitation
exercises for the injured part till
full recovery and retrieval of
Many a times, players get injured
while playing or practicing. On such
occasions, expert help may not be at complete mobility.
hand and so, appropriate and immediate
remedial measures need to be taken. 2. Joints injury management and
This immediate remedial measure is first rehabilitation
aid.
 If possible, reset the dislocated

joint with mild hands.

38

 Keep the patient in restful position  First ensure personal safety.
and avoid movement of injured  Call out to the victim and check for
part.
response.
 Give cold compression to injured  Call out to others for help.
part to reduce swelling.
 Dial 108 for ambulance.
 Use or tie a support bandage to
injured joint and take to the doctor.

 Evaluate the injury using
Arthroscopy or X-ray.

 Plaster the joint for a duration as
prescribed by the doctor.

 Get operated if required.

 Perform prescribed exercises for Arousing Calling for help
recovery and strengthening of
muscles around the injured joint.

3. Bone injury management and Check breathing
rehabilitation
 Examine if victim is breathing
 Stop movement of the injured part.
 If victim is not breathing kneel down
 Support the injured bone with flat to his side.
wooden scale or object.
 Tilt the head backwards.
 Immediately take injured person  Raise the chin upwards.
to hospital.  Wipe and clean mouth to clear the

 Examine the position and type of breathing pathway.
fracture using bone scan or X-ray.

 Realign the broken bone through
surgery

 Plaster the affected area for a
duration as prescribed by the
doctor.

 Under the direction of the doctor,
include movements and regular

isometric exercises as prescribed. Checking for breath Raising chin
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Chest compression at the rate 100 per
Note : minute

CPR is an emergency lifesaving first  Spread and keep left hand palm on
aid method. Before using this technique the centre of the chest

take the guidance of experts having  Place right hand palm over the left
in-depth knowledge and training hand and interlock fingers between

 Try to arouse the victim, call for them. Bend over the victim from the
waist and without bending at the
help.

39

elbow give chest compression 4-5 cm

deep.
 The chest compression should be at

the rate of 100 per minute.
 After every compression release the

pressure on chest to allow previous
position enabling blood flow towards
the heart.

Pressing and releasing chest with both
hands

Exercise

Q.1. Write answers. Supplementary Studies :
(1) While playing Kabaddi a player
(1) What is injury?
has suffered a bone injury. As a
(2) What are the preventive teammate how will you help
measures to avoid injury? manage the injury?
(2) Complete the flowchart giving
(3) What is meant by first aid? the causes of injuries.

(4) Classify the injuries under the ...............................................
two categories given below :

(cut, transverse fracture, pricked,
compound fracture, sprain, stress
fracture)

Soft tissue injury Bone injury Not performing warm up and cooling down
exercises
....................... ........................
....................... ........................ ...................................................
....................... ........................
....................... ........................ ...............................................
....................... ........................
...............................................
...............................................

....................... ........................ ...............................................



40

7. Modern Technology - Activism

Objectives together, instead of playing, children
(1) To know about modern technology spend time glued to mobiles, tabs or
computers.
(2) To generate awareness about the
harmful effects of modern technology Ideally in a day, a minimum of one hour
and its overuse should be set aside to participate in some
form of physical activity. But most
(3) To know about the contribution of studies indicate that maximum students
modern technology towards, are physically inactive.
physical activity and its
development

Technology and physical activity Family - 1
Today’s world is known as a world Family - 2

of Information Technology (IT).
Information Technology and advanced
technology has made human life very
convenient. Without leaving the house
all requirements can be ordered and
home delivered, using technology.
Appliances in the house can be switched
on or off and operated using the mobile.

Advanced technology has brought
about a comfortable lifestyle. In fact, it
has made many things easily possible.
But then, the question arises whether this
advanced technology is reducing our
activeness?

Although, modern technology has
improved the work power, it has inversely
reduced the physical work capacity of
individuals. This has resulted in many
diseases attacking the human body.

Before such advancement of
technology, a family used leisure time to
be in the company of each other and
enjoy playing some games. During
vacations, students enjoyed skipping,
swinging on trees and so on. But today,
when children get together during
vacations or when the family gets

41

Obesity

Weak  Lack of
muscles concentration
and bones
 
Loss due to

excess Psychological

Frustration screen time imbalance


Neck/back
Stress disorders
on eyes

Game - 1

materialistic advancement is being made
by leaps and bounds.

To really enjoy the benefits of
changing technology for convenience
and ease to use, it is necessary to adhere
to certain limits. Given below are certain
rules that can be followed. Think about
it.

Game - 2 Rule 1 : Using of computer/ mobile/

TV as per time pre decided by

Screen time and physical activeness parents.

Screen time refers to the time spent Rule 2 : Continuous use of computer or
in front of TV, computer, mobile and mobile for not more than 20-

video games. Children with longer screen 30 minutes.

time spend very minimal time engaging Rule 3 : Maintaining proper body
in physical activity. This results increased
inactivity in deforms the physique, posture by keeping the spine
reduces muscle strength and increases an erect and having the mobile or
influx of diseases. A variety of studies computer at an appropriate
have also concluded that, increased distance from the eye.
screen time is a reason for obesity among
children. Rule 4 : Spending minimum 1 hour for
physical activities like cycling,
In fact, with the use of technology swimming or playing.
mankind is making progress. However,
not limiting the use of technology will Rule 5 : Using mobile or computer for
weaken mankind physically, although
gaining new knowledge rather
than for social networking and
playing games.

42

Let’s resolve to follow all these rules Remember : we should at least walk
and increase physical activity along 10,000 to 12,000 steps every day.
with the use of modern technology.

Technology and Activism Some useful mobile applications :

The world of modern technology and A. Google fit
the day to day advancement in technology
has brought drastic changes to routine B. Samsung health
activities like using a mobile phone to
talk, listen to music, watch videos, buy C. Nike plus
and sell items, etc. Technology has
influenced daily life of mankind in a D. Run keeper
large way but this technology can also
be used to keep oneself active. Let’s E. Fitness builder
identify the technologies that can help,
(2) Wearable devices : Apparel that
to stay active. provide details of vitals while
performing exercise are called as
(1) Mobile - Fitness application : Smart wearable devices e. g. wrist watch.
phones have made many things easy To make use of these devices their
in life. Some applications in them related app is to be download to the
can be used to track intensity of mobile.
exercise done, the duration of
exercise, etc. and so increasing the A. Wrist watch : Nowadays, wrist

awareness about staying active. watches are available which gives
us information about our fitness,
Counting let alone time. e.g. duration of
temperature exercise, calories burnt, etc. Also,
alarms and reminders alert the
Weekly   Duration of user for remaining sedentary for
summary of work out long time.
Mobile
exercise fitness Distance of B. Rope : This skipping rope
application walking/
Heart rate running displays the number of jumps
 performed like an image in front
of your eyes.
Sleep time
C. Shoes : Special technology is
Mobile fitness application
used to make these shoes. The
electronic devices fixed in the
shoes provides complete data of
your work out on your smart
phone.

43

D. Socks/gloves : These socks and virtual games. The technology
generates a virtual image of the
gloves, like the shoes gather data

on the duration of time spend opponent. The equipment’s used

actively or the intensity of the like badminton racquet, cricket

exercises performed. bat or ball, table tennis bat, etc.

E. Shorts : Instead of the regular are made using special
shorts, these shorts have a chip technologies that are movement
that saves the data about the
sensitive.

exercise program onto the smart All the movements used in actual play

phone. on the ground are required while playing

F. Virtual games : Now a days, the virtual games. Therefore, these games

people prefer playing on a mobile provide a good opportunity to stay active

or the computer. As a remedial

to overcome this problem,

companies have introduced

Virtual games Watch
Wearable
Shoes 
Ropesdevices

 Shorts 

Socks

44

Benefits of exercising with modern  Information of exercise can be easily
technology : shared in friend circles.

 Objectives can be achieved.  Smart phones can measure and alert
the user of the exercise repetitions,
 Motivated to exercise. intensity and movement established
to improve exercise precision.
 Face the challenges.
 Smartphones are capable of alerting
 Exercise with friends online. user about proper body posture and
appropriate distribution of weight
 Gifts and prizes can be won for over hand and legs while doing
achieving targets decided on the exercise and so helps to avoid
fitness apps. injuries.

Exercise

Q.1. Answer the following questions in Q. 2. Write whether true or false.
one sentence.
(1) No harm is caused to the body
(1) What is screen time?
due to overuse of mobile.

(2) Name the wearable devices. (2) While exercising appropriate
body posture should be
(3) Write the names of any two maintained.
mobile fitness applications.
(3) Heart rate can be measured
(4) Write any two benefits of using mobile fitness
exercising using modern applications.
technology.
(4) In virtual games player cannot
play without the guidance of

others.

Supplementary Studies :
(1) Measure and compare your screen time and activity time for a week.
(2) Make your own rules for self to limit the use of technological gadgets,

mobile and computer.



45

8. Career opportunities in sports

Objectives activities. Fast paced urbanization and
increased health awareness could be
(1) To explain the importance of another reason. We see Sportspersons
professional atitude in life earn millions all over the world. Improved
standard of living, fame, stability,
(2) To develop professional atitude in satisfaction and inner peace is very
students evident in their lives. Today, society is
tremendously passionate towards sports
(3) To pursue professional goal and sportsperson. But not all can become
recognizing inherent capacity and successful sportsperson. Even so, those
interest passionate of sports, exercise and
physical health and having an in-depth
(4) To explore various professional knowledge of a variety of sports can
opportunities generated by physical easily achieve success in this field. So
education, sports, exercise and Lets understand the career opportunities
science. in the field of sports and physical
education.
(5) To generate awareness of marketing
skills and device marketing
strategies.

Earlier sport was seen as an Player, teacher/ trainer opportunities
entertainment, but now a days this
approach is changing rapidly. The range (1) Player : state, national, and
of sports field is expanding all over international level medalist.
world and our nation is not an exception.
Along with the local level in the sports Qualification : 12th pass,
field, the awareness of different sports is Opportunity areas : Government,
proving to be remarkable at taluka and semi government organizations,
district level. Not only this but we can private organizations, professional
see many things happening at the sports organization and companies,
national and International level. The for Medal Winners in Maharashtra
huge response to various sports a 5 % quota for government jobs.
competitions taking place in remote
villages, setting up of gymnasiums and (2) Physical education teacher :
training centers for various games in Degree : B.P.E., B.P.Ed., M.P.Ed.,
villages, sports and gym facilities in five
star hotels, ever increasing number of M.Phil.
recreational clubs in metropolitan cities, Opportunity areas : Primary,
large number of people walking or
running morning and evening for fitness secondary, higher secondary and
in cities and villages, all are indicators international schools,
of the increasing awareness amongst (3) Director of physical education and
population towards fitness related sports :
Degree : M.P.Ed., Ph.D., SET/NET
Opportunity areas : Senior college
and Universities. SET/NET

46

(4) Trainer : for various games/asst. (3) Sports medicine specialist/ assistant/
trainer/athletics director/ sports sports medicine physician :
information director/ training and
conditioning coach. Education : Diploma in sport
medicine.
Degree : Sports Authority of India-
NIS (one year) and certificate course Opportunity areas : Private hospital,
(6 weeks) etc. own business, clubs, private sports
Opportunities : Central and state center, member on medical squad of
government sports offices, private International and nation level players.
sports organization, sports
entrepreneur, military and private (4) Sports and fitness nutritionist/
Sports physician :

training camps and clubs etc. Education : Certificate course in

Health and Fitness sector sports nutrition, diploma in sports
Public interest towards health and nutrition.

physical fitness has been remarkable in Opportunity areas : Consultant in
the last decade. People are experiencing private hospitals, own business, tie-
the benefits of regular exercise. The up with various sports clubs, weight
field of fitness generates the opportunity control spa, squad member of medical
to earn money but more importantly own team, etc.
health can be maintained. Those who
are in this field are always energetic, (5) Sports psychologist/psychotherapist :
happy and enthusiastic. Education : Post graduate diploma
(1) Fitness trainer/personal trainer/
in sports psychology.

gym trainer : Opportunity areas : Own business,

Education : Diploma in fitness personal advisor to sportsperson,
training, fitness trainer certificate consultant with various famous team
course, personal trainer course, or (Support staff member)

B.P.Ed., M.P.Ed., NIS (fitness), etc. (6) Physical therapist/ Physical therapy
assistant/ growth and development
Opportunity area : Various fitness expert/ sports massage therapist :
centers, gymnasiums, training centers,
health clubs, figure saloon, own Education : Degree course in Physical
business or personal clients. therapy, master’s in physical therapy

(2) Sports massage therapist/ assistant : Opportunity areas : Support staff at
national and international level
Education : Diploma in integrated teams, private business with famous
sports massage, certificate course in sports clubs, Military training
sports massage, diploma in massage, institutes (Private consultant)
sports massage course, government
recognized certificate and degree (7) Lab technician/ assistant :
courses.
Education : Sports science laboratory
Opportunity areas : Hospitals,
private clubs, sports clubs or centers, technician course.
personal business, support staff for
various sports, military training Opportunity areas : Private
institutes, etc. institutes, research institutes studying
physical changes in sports players.

47

Sports media : Opportunity areas - Mega events
organized by pro sports franchises.
(1) Sports journalist/ sports news
reporter/ sports writer/ sports (2) Recreation officer/ Sports center
columnist/ sports editor/ sports manager/ sports association
publisher, etc. manager/ sports development
officer/ assistant supporting coach/
Education : bachelor in sports athletics management officer/
journalism / television journalism/ sports agent/ senior manager/ event
radio journalism or facility officer/ safety officer/
consultant/ membership director/
Opportunity areas : Private sports outdoor recreation planner/
media, e.g. newspapers, periodicals, travelling secretary/ marketing
Private institutes publishing sports director/ executive director/
articles, free-lance column writer, etc. stadium manager/ sports event co-
coordinator/ equipment manager/
(2) Sports photographer/ Sports score board operator/ food
videographer/ camera operator manager
(Spider cam) Sports data operator/
data analyst/ internet sports Education : B.A. in sports
producer, etc. management, advance diploma in
food management, advance diploma
Education : Certificate courses on in cricket management and
photography, videography, data experience from private mega event
operating and data analyzing and managing institute.
experience certificates
Opportunity areas : Companies
Opportunity areas : Private institutes organizing mega sports event , Sports
live telecasting national and related competitions, commercial
international sports events , Personal groups organizing sports events,
business. cruise jobs, sports equipment
producing companies, sports
(3) Sports critic / sports talk show host management companies, Sports
/ interviewer / radio sports producer marketing companies, sports
etc. : advertising companies, Small and
large sports organizations, recreation
Education : Sports broadcasting club, sports complex, government
training, cinematography course, sports offices, BCCI, ICC, Football
Expert of sports field and talented and federation, hockey federation,
experienced player of particular YMCA, YHA, YWCA, similar
game. government undertaking and self-
financed institutes, private security
Opportunity areas : Radio and organizations, etc.
telecasting private companies, private
organizations telecasting local to Production and sale of sports equipment
international (professional) (1) Sports equipment seller/ manager/
competition, own business
opportunity. Retailer of sportswear : Person
with knowledge of various sports
Sports management area : and anyone who is interested to work
in this field.
(1) Sports manager :

Education - Certificate course in
sports management, bachelor of
sports management, post graduate
diploma in sports management, etc.

48

Opportunity areas : Private retail Field of Yoga
sports equipment manufacturer/ seller. (1) Yoga trainer/ yoga teacher/ yoga
(2) Sports equipment manufacturer therapist/ yoga instructor/ yoga
and wholesaler/ Sportswear aerobics instructor/ yoga research
manufacturer and wholesaler. officer/ yoga and naturopathy :

Person with knowledge of various Education : certificate course in
sports and anyone interested in this yoga, teacher’s training course in
field and who can invest capital for yoga, course in fitness-diet-yoga,
business. B.A. in yoga, B.Sc. in yoga science
and yoga therapy, diploma in yoga,
Opportunity areas : International M. Sc. in yoga science and yoga
companies researching changing therapy, inner engineering, etc.
needs and requirements of sports
and sportspersons providing Opportunity areas : Resorts,
requirement and comfort, safety and gymnasiums, training institutes,
support for high performance health centres, housing society, yoga
standard. institutes, personal yoga training
centre, etc.
(3) Sports equipment production
industry/ sports facility manager/ Private business in Sports field
product designer in sports: In (1) Self-owned private sports
Dept, Detailed knowledge in organizations : Clubs providing
various sports, study of required
sports equipment, person aware of latest training in various national
and international sports, fitness
modern and upcoming changes in centres, aerobic dance clubs, health
the field, diploma in sports
technology. club, dance studio, swimming
training school, waters ports centres,
Opportunity areas : National and adventure sports centre, (water base,
international sports equipment air base, land base) various sports
producing industries. academy, sports school (Government
krida-parabodhini), laughter club,
(4) Sports equipment manufacturing organizing sports expose, sports
technician/ researcher/ material NGO, sports tourism, etc.
engineer sports : Diploma in sports
technology, advance diploma in (2) Game officials (Referees and
sports engineering (foreign degree) judges):
manufacturing system engineering in Education : Passing technical
sports, etc. official or referee exams of games

Opportunity areas : various industrial at the state, national and international
groups providing sports material in level.
national and international market.
Opportunity areas : Government,
(5) Sports equipment production semi government, private, sports
skilled and unskilled workers : association organized competitions,
Person trained in technical education game official in state, national and
and person who can work as unskilled international competitions organized
worker. by major private companies and
organizations.
Opportunity areas : Industries
manufacturing units for sports
equipment.
49

Career in sports, fitness, and physical all streams. There is also a demand
education is in vogue today. The worldwide, for traditional sports unique
immense opportunities in the field of to our country, facilitated through some
sports is attracting students studying in formal an informal courses.

Exercise

Q.1 Answer following questions in Q.2 Match the following.
your own words.
Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’
(1) Which career option would you
select from given sports (1) Sports management (I) Material
opportunities?
field engineering
(2) What opportunities in sports
field are available for student of (2) Sports sports
the science stream?
equipment (II) sports massage
(3) Which field do you like from manufacturing therapist
this lesson and why? (3) Health and
(III) Swimming
Q.3 Complete the following diagram.
Fitness training school
(4) Private (IV) Travelling

business secretary

Private business in sports

Supplementary Studies :
(1) Take an interview of sports person working in government services as staff

/officer and prepare notes.
(2) Record an interview of sports equipment retailer and keep in your collection.



50

9. Various Games

Objectives healthy and fit is by playing a sport.
Sports conditions and strengthens the
(1) To update information about the body, trains the mind to accept victory
games included in the sports or loss, but above all sports inculcates a
activities of the schools by School very important life skill self-discipline.

Games Federation of India. Sporting activity carried out fairly,
with strict guidelines and rules enable
(2) To study the rules and regulations of competitive sports to be enjoyed. Along
all games included in the list. with rules, competitive sports bring to
the fore skill sets and temperament of
(3) To develop the skill sets required for the sports person. Thus, sports help
all games. develop the personality of the individual.
Also, sport is no longer just a means of
(4) To develop personality through entertainment but a profession.
sports. Encouraging participation in sports
competition at different levels open a
(5) To provide information about plethora of opportunities for budding
various competitions held for talent.
various games.
In India, various types of sports and
The relation between civilization and games are played in different parts of
sports exists from ancient times. Every this vast and ancient country. Each has
civilization has its own sports culture, its own organizations and governing
which has developed as per its bodies that are recognized at state and
geographical, climatic and physical national level. The School Games
conditions. In old days sports were a Federation of India (SGFI) conducts
form of entertainment and used to display competition in games and sports for
bravery. As time progressed school going children at the national
professionalism has creeped into it. level. To participate at the national level
According to sports journalist Grantland the district sports department conducts
Rice ‘‘losing or wining in a game is not competitions at the state, division, district
important, but the way you play the and taluka level. The yearly calendar
game is more important’’.. of the SGFI lists the sports and games
included or excluded for competitions.
If we think about the Indian sports
field, the youth here is not at all interested Note : The Health and Physical
in moving towards any other field than Education teacher may choose the
cricket, as per a manual published some sport and games that can be encouraged
days ago. The importance of sports is based on the geographic conditions,
not only to limited to raise the image of convenience and availability of
the country by wining medals but sport equipment. Incorporate entertaining
have tremendous importance in life. traditional games to highlight local
culture and traditions. List of games
Sports not only, physically conditions and sports competitions are given in
the body, it toughens the mental attitude. the QR code.
Realization of a healthy mind in a
healthy body has led to a need to remain
healthy and fit. One pathway to being

51

List of some games and sports

1. Invasion games 2. Net Games

1. Football 1. Ball badminton
2. Handball 2. Volleyball
3. Basketball 3. Shooting ball
4. Hockey 4. Throw ball
5. Kabaddi 5. Tennis
6. Netball 6. Badminton
7. Rugby 7. Soft Tennis
8. Roll Ball 8. Table tennis
9. Roller hockey 9. Sepak takaraw
10. Tennquite

3. Competitive Games 4. Striking Games
1. Baseball
1. Wrestling 2. Cricket
2. Wushu 3. Softball
3. Judo 4. Carrom
4. Karate 5. Squash
5. Boxing 6. Montexball
6. Kickboxing
7. Sikai martial arts 5. Target Games
8. Fencing 1. Archery
9. Unifight 2. Rifle shooting
10. Teng Su-do
11. Kudo 6. Lifting games
12. Mallakhamb 1. Weightlifting
13. Ashtadu arena 2. Powerlifting

14. Taekwondo

52

7. Tag games 8. Other games

1. Kho-Kho 1. Athletics
2. Atya Patya 2. Swimming
3. Dodgeball 3. Gymnastics
4. Yoga
5. Chess
6. Modern pentathlon
7. Skating
8. Cycling (Track & Road)



53

10. Various Sports Competitions

Objectives revive the ancient Greece Olympic Games
and in 1894 sent circulars to different
(1) To update information about various nations inviting them for a learning
national and international sports conference in Paris which resulted in the
events. modern Olympics. He is therefore, known
as the Father of modern Olympics.
(2) To understand the history of various

sports events. The authority responsible for
(3) To know the different aspects of each organising the modern Olympic Games is
the International Olympic committee
sports events. (IOC). This committee consists of 1 to 3
(4) To comprehend the planning and representatives from every nation. Their
headquarters is at Lausanne, Switzerland.
organizing aspects of sports at The modern Olympics have continued to
various levels. adhere to the traditions, objectives and
elements of the ancient Olympics.
Few International Sports Competitions

1. Olympic Games In Latin The motto of Olympic Games

2. Asian Games is Citius, Altius, Fortius. In English it

3. Commonwealth Games means Faster, Higher, Stronger. There are
4. SAF Games five circles in Blue, Black, Yellow, Green
Few National Sports Competitions and Red colour intermingled with each
1. National sports events other on the Olympic Flag. These five
2. Khelo India circles resemble five continents and their
3. National school sports unity.

During the opening ceremony, the

Olympic Song is played. Then all the

players march on the tunes of the band

and salute to the chief guest. Afterwards

thousands of doves are set free on the

sounds of the bigul. At the same time the

Olympic torch enters the stadium and the

1. Olympic Games Olympic torch is lit. As the Olympic song
The first ancient Olympics was held is being played, the Olympic flag is
hoisted. An elite player from the host
in Athens, Greece in the year 1896. It is country takes the oath on behalf of all the
the effort of Frenchman Baron Pierre players. At this time players of different
Coubertin who organized a physical countries mix with each other and display
education conference.Acentral committee the relationship of world brotherhood to
of 200 sports teams was set up in France the audience.
under his chairmanship. He proposed to

54

2. Asian Games federation held the first Asian Games from
4 to 11 March, 1951 in Delhi. The games
The end ofWorldWar II saw a revolution witnessed the participation of 489 athletes
amongst nations in the Asian continent. The from 11 countries and 8 sports disciplines.
Olympic values of friendship and not war, The Asian games are conducted every 4
started penetrating worldwide. India was years. There is a 2-year gap between the
also not behind in this new change in the Olympic Games and the Asian Games.
field of sports. Specially, India was ahead
in the sports field in the Asian Continent. 3. Commonwealth Games
During this time Gurudatta Sondhi and After the Olympic Games, the

2010 Delhi Nationwide Tournament

1982 Delhi Asian Championship Commonwealth Games is another major
multisport event involving athletes from the
many other strived hard to start sports Commonwealth of Nations. These nations
festival ofAsian Countries on the Olympic are the political association of member
platform. The western Asian Games got a states that were former territories of the
break due to the world war but there was British Empire. These games were known
no break in the efforts of Gurudatta as the British Empire Games from 1930 to
Sondhi. 1950,theBritishEmpireandCommonwealth
Games and British Commonwealth Games
With time, along with India many in the later periods.
countries became independent. The idea of
restoring the Far Eastern Games was raised To celebrate the coronation of King
at the 1948 Summer Olympics. However, George V, the Festival of the Empire was
Guru Dutt Sondhi, a member of the held in London in 1911 which included the
International Olympic Committee from inter-empire sports championship.
India, proposed the idea of a whole new
competition - Asian Games, as a sporting India received the honour of hosting the
event where all Asian nations can be 2010 Commonwealth Games in New Delhi.
represented. It was a successor of the Far 4. SAF Games
Eastern Games and the revival of the
Western Asiatic Games. The South Asian Games formerly
known as the South Asian Federation
The proposal of Guru Dutt Sondhi led to Games are a biennial multi-sport event held
the forming of the Asian Games Federation among the athletes from South Asia. The
in 1949 that owned the Asian Games. The desire to promote a friendly and amicable
relationship amongst the seven SAARC
nations, led to the establishment of the South
Asian Federation Games in 1981 in Delhi.
The South Asia Olympic Council (SAOC)

55

formed in 1983 is the governing body for for all the Indian sports, as well as
these games. establishing India as a great sporting
nation.
The first South Asian Games were Khelo India is the platform to inspire
hosted by Kathmandu, Nepal in 1984. This young talent to showcase their tremendous
multi sport event has been organized every potential, scout for talent and groom them
year from 1984 to 1987 except in 1986 as it by providing state of the art infrastructure
was a year of Commonwealth Games and and training of the highest levels. This
Asian Games. From 1987 onwards it was initiative took flight in 2018 due to efforts of
held every 2 years. The participating nations then Sports Minister Col. Rajyavardhan
for the South Asian Games include India, Singh Rathore, Olympian with bronze
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, medal in Shooting.
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. • Khelo India Youth games is held
1. National Games annually.
The first National Games on the lines of • It is a national level multidisciplinary
grassroot games in India.
the Olympics were held in 1985 in New • It is held for two categories, namely
Delhi in the memory of Indira Gandhiji. under – 17 years school students and
The duration and the regulations of the under – 21 years college students.
National Games are within the • 16 sports were included for the Khelo
jurisdiction of the Indian Olympic India youth games competition
Association. All states and Union • Talented players identified in priority
territories were allowed to participate in sports disciplines would be provided
these games. The main objective is to financial assistance of INR 5 lakhs per
inculcate unity and the spirit of annum for 8 years.
sportsmanship through participation in • Promotion of 20 universities across
these games. India as hubs for sporting excellence.
• Focus on nurturing talent and connecting
2. Khelo India rural India to global games.
• Efforts to encourage an increased
The importance of sports and fitness in penetration of sports in the education
one’s life is invaluable. Playing sports curriculum, with a tool kit to measure
inculcates team spirit, develops strategic
and analytical thinking, leadership physical fitness levels.
skills, goal setting and risk taking. A fit
and healthy individual leads to an Activities :
equally healthy society and strong Find out about the real school sports.
nation.

The Khelo India programme has been
introduced to revive the sports culture in
India at the grass-root level and achieve
sporting excellence. The revamped
Khelo India Scheme was launched
during the financial year 2017-18 with
the twin objective of mass participation
and promotion of excellence in sports.
The aim was to build a strong framework

56

Exercise

Q.1 Answer in one sentence. (8) In which year was the first
national games conducted?
(1) In which year was the first
modern Olympics conducted? Q.2 Answer in one sentence.

(2) Who is known as the father of a) The first modern Olympics was

modern Olympics? held in the city of _______.

(3) In which year was the Indian b) The headquarters of the
Olympic Association
established? International Olympic

Committee is in ________.

(4) What is the motto of the Olympic c) The first Asian games was
Games?
conducted in the year _____.
(5) Who is the founder of the Asian
games competitions? d) The Commonwealth Games
were conducted in India in the
(6) What is the total number of
year _________.
nations that participate in the
Commonwealth Games? e) The 2018 inaugural Khelo India
Youth Games was conducted in
(7) In which year was the first South
______________.
Asian Games organized?

Supplementary Study :

(1) List the different games and disciplines that are included in the modern
Olympics games.

(2) Write the player's information in the picture below.

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57

Success story of sportsmen

Sportsperson to Sports Minister - As a lieutenant in the Indian Army he
won a silver medal in the men's double
Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore trap shooting event at the 2004 Athens

Olympics. Rajyvardhan played a crucial
role in winning gold for the team in the
Asian Clay Shooting Championship held
in the year 2005. He won gold medals
three times in the Asian competitions
between 2002 and 2004. Rajyavardhan
won 25 international medals in various
competitions like the Commonwealth
Championships of 2002 and 2006, the
ISSF World Shooting Championships
and the Asian Clay Target
Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore was Championships.
born to Col. Laxman Singh Rathore and After retiring from the army, he
Manju Rathore on January 29, 1970 in became active in politics. In 2014 he
Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. He became the was elected to the Lok Sabha and served
first Indian to win a silver medal in as Minister of State for Information and
men's shooting double trap at the Broadcasting following which he was
Olympics. entrusted with the Sports Ministry which
he took up very passionately.
In school life, Rathore was an He believed sports participation
outstanding player in basketball, amongst the youth is vital for the future
volleyball, cricket, football, kabaddi and of the country, inculcating leadership
athletics. He was awarded a scholarship qualities and nurturing virtuous
from the School Game Federation of individuals. Indian sportspersons should
India for his outstanding performance in have access to international platform to
national cricket. Representing National display one’s skills and abilities to the
Defence Academy (NDA) basketball world. With these thoughts,
team, he won Gold medal for individual Rajyavardhan Rathore implemented
performance. He was honored with the many innovative plans like Khelo India
"NDA" Blazer's Best Player award. After and Target Olympic Podium (TOP) that
entering Indian Military Academy in resulted in generating keen interest for
Dehradun, he won gold medals in sports.
volleyball, football, cricket, boxing, In recognition to his contribution to
water polo. Being the best player, he the field of sports, Rajyavardhan Rathore
was awarded the Gold Medal of the Sikh was awarded the Arjuna Award by the
Regiment and received the Board of Government of India in 2003-04 and the
Honour for Best Cadet. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in
2004-05. He went on to receive the
In 1996, Rajyvardhan Rathore began highest civilian award the Padma Shri
his training for shooting at the Army in 2005-06 and was the first Indian
Marksman Infantry School and regular soldier below the rank of brigadier to
practice took place at K.D. Karni Singh receive such a medal. All Indians salute
Shooting Range in Delhi. In 2003, he this talented sportsperson!
won bronze medal in the World
Championship held at Nicosia in Cyprus.

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USHA - Tenacious Personality Kannur district. Usha won a scholarship
of Rs 250 from her district and joined the
new facility for athletic training. Her
parents especially her mother, encouraged
and gave her confidence.

P.T.Usha's career

At the age of 16 she became the
youngest Indian athlete to qualify for the
Olympics held at Moscow in the year
1980.

PT Usha is a dominant personality In the 1982 Usha bagged a silver
both in India and the world over and was medal in the 100 m and the 200 m run, at
a great athlete. Even today, children take the Asian Track and Field, Usha bagged
her name when talking of the fastest gold in the 400m. She created a world
woman on the track. record by winning gold in 100, 200, 400
metre run, In the 1986 Seoul Asian
Born on June 27, 1964 as the second Games, Usha brought home four gold
daughter of 6 children to Paithal and medals and a silver in the 100 meters run.
Lakshmi Amma, she lived with her family
in a village named Payyoli, Kozikhode Her outstanding achievement in
district, Kerala. P T Usha comes from a athletics earned her many names such as
very humble and poor background. Even ‘Golden Girl’, ‘Payyoli Express’. and
then she displayed a special aptitude and many other names For her excellent
passion to play which was noticed by the achievements in sports, in 1984, Usha
sports loving Physical Education teacher was conferred with the Padma Shri and
of her school Balakrishnan Master. Once Arjuna Award.
while talking to parents, his eyes fell on a
group of small girls playing in the field. In 1991, the golden girl found her
He noticed a pair of very fast-moving feet better half in V. Srinivasan. The duo got
in the group. It belonged to a dusky girl married and were later blessed with a son
in blue skirt and white blouse. Patiently named Ujjwal. The sabbatical she took
waiting for their game to finish he gently from athletics for moving the family way
called and enquired her name. Very shyly did not hinder her return. She continued
she responded Usha of class 4. winning medals and breaking National
records and at the age of 34, she won
Balakrishnan Master used to select silver medal in the 200 and 400 meters
few students and make them practice run in the Asian Track Federation meet
running and jumps in preparation for held at Fukuoka in Japan, proving that
competitions. Usha too joined them. In age cannot be a barrier to any success.
return he used to provide them tea and
snacks from a nearby stall which the She did not stop after doing so much.
children enjoyed. The PE teacher made To keep her dream alive, today also she
Usha from 4th standard, run with the runs an athletic school in kerala, Where
district champion of the 7th standard and she gives athletic training to the youth.
PT Usha won that race. It was a defining
moment, a beginning of her exploits on P T Usha in the Asian Games
the athletic track. In 1976, the Kerala 1982 – Delhi, 2 silver medals.
government started a training center at 1986 – Seoul, 4 gold medals, 1 silver

medal
1990 – Beijing, 3 silver medals
1994 – Hiroshima,1 silver medal

59

Complete the table by getting the following players information.

Sr. Name of the Types of play Competition Awards

No player Performance

1. Khashaba Jadhav

2. Leander Paes

3. Karnam
Malleshwari

4. Rajvardhan Singh
Rathod

5. Abhinav Bindra

6. Sushil Kumar

7. Vijender Singh

8. Vijay Kumar

9. Yogeshwar Dutt

10. Mary Kom

11. Saina Nehwal

12. Gagan Narang

13. P. V. Sindu

14. Sakshi Malik

15. Hima Das

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60

Practical work

Physical soundness

• Training Methods : Circuit Training, Weight Training, Plyometric Training,
Fartlek Training, Obstacle Race, Aerobics / Zumba, ABC Drills, etc.
1 Suggestions : While practicing these training methods, one should know the set,

rotations, relaxation between the two sets, intensity, variety, hardness and

integration of the two exercises accordingly.

Field matters (compulsory)
• Running - 100m / 200m / 400m Any one; 800m / 1500m Any one
2 • Throwing and jump type - Study the practice of any one throw and one jump.

In addition to this practice other field activities (optional).

Various sports and sports events
• In order to gain proficiency in any of the two games played in the previous
3 class, the game should be practiced using developed techniques. The practice

should include stimulating movements, sportsmanship and tactics. Relaxation
should be done after doing practice.

Yog
• Except for the ‘Asanas’ provided in the textbook, at least five ‘Asanas’ should

be practiced according to the sitting position, sleeping position, reverse
4 sleeping posture types.

• Pranayama : ‘Anulom-vilom’ - Practicing the Pranayama.

• The Kapalbhati postures printed in textbook should be practiced.

Activities (At least one of the given activities should be completed in each
session.)
• Bicycle trip
• Keeping records of physical activity with the help of a fitness app. (At least

seven days)
• Sports Literature Exhibition (in picture format, replica or actual sports

literature, etc.)
5 • List the various exercise materials. Try out new exercises using materials.

• Conducting a sports quiz.
• Visiting sports complexes and recording sports facilities there.
• Conduct inter-state / intra-state competitions of any one sport at school on

the basis of the Premier League. (E.g. player auctions, team owners, team
managers, coaches, etc.)
• Trying to reach the goal of performing ‘suryanamaskar’ collectively

IMPORTANT NOTE : The practice of any sports skill, physical activity, or field play
etc. should be done only under the guidance of experts.

61

Below is a list of some sports websites, according to which you can find out more by
visiting your favorite sports websites.

1. Various competition web sites 2. Websites for various sports league events

www.olympic.org www.prokabaddi.com
www.thecgf.com www.prowrestlingleague.com
www.olympic.ind.in/national-games www.pbl-india.com
www.kheloindia.gov.in www.indiansuperleague.com
www.sgfibharat.com www.provolleyball.in
www.iplt20.com

3. Various sports websites

www.basketballfederation of india.org www.indianathletics.in
www.handballindia.in www.boxingfedertion.in
www.the-aiff.com www.indiaboxing.in
www.hockey india. org www.BCCI.tv
www.volleyballindia.com www.ballbadmintonindia.com
www.badmintonindia.org www.indianarchery.info
www.swimming.org.in www.aitatennis.com
www.indiangymnastics.com www.thenrai.in
www.khokhofederation.in www.fencingassociationofindia. com
www.indiaskate.com www.indiankabaddi.org
www.ttfi.org www.rollball.org
www.aict.in www.wrestlingfederationofindia.com
www.ipa.co.in www.indiancarrom.com
www.onlinejfi.org www.indiasquash.com

Doping : www.nadaindia.org www.wada-ama.org
Obesity : www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheots/detail/obesity-and-overweight

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