TOUR REPORT - Birdquest

NORTHEAST BRAZIL

17 NOVEMBER – 9 DECEMBER 2007

TOUR REPORT

LEADER: MARK VAN BEIRS

The extremely cute, salsa dancing White-browed Antpitta was the absolute top performing bird on
our fourth Northeast Brazil tour. It showed off for many minutes at minimal distance in the dense
forest of the Chapada do Araripe and this incredible performance made such an impression on our
party of well travelled world birders that they choose this adorable “egg on legs” instead of stunners
like Lear’s Macaw and Araripe Manakin. The amazing White-collared Kite was, without any doubt,
the rarest bird of the tour, as this virtually unknown species is only recorded from a handful of
locations. We were fortunate enough to see this legendary bird display over its Alagoas forest. We
managed to observe a splendid selection of rarely observed endemics, superb specialities and barely-
known species including a good handful of only recently described species! Some of the critters that
made this tour so special include Russet-crowned Crake, Giant Snipe, Jandaya and Golden-capped
Parakeets, Hooded Visorbearer, Ruby Topaz, Spotted, Tawny and Ochraceous Piculets, Pink-legged
Graveteiro, Great Xenops, Spot-backed and Silvery-cheeked Antshrikes, Slender Antbird, Sincora
Antwren, Scarlet-throated Tanager and Sao Francisco Sparrow. We recorded 411 species. Of the
Endemic Bird Areas, defined by BirdLife International, we visited no fewer than five, including the
Northeast Brazilian caatinga (EBA 070), the Atlantic slope of Alagoas and Pernambuco (EBA 071), the
deciduous forests of Bahia (EBA 072), the extreme north of the Atlantic forest lowlands (EBA 075) and
just touched the Central Brazilian hills and tablelands (EBA 073).

Our fairly short transatlantic flight arrived in the late evening in Fortaleza, the capital of the little
known Brazilian state of Ceará. Early next morning, before dawn, we were already driving towards
the Serra de Baturité, our first birding venue of the tour. An impromptu breakfast stop at a small
roadside café with adjoining small lake produced White-tailed and Snail Kites, a bathing Blackish
Rail, Blue-winged Parrotlet and Green-barred Woodpecker. Upon arrival at our favourite patch in
these low isolated hills, we started birding along a wide entrance track through nice evergreen hill
forest, where we were greeted by an excellent selection of goodies including Maroon-faced Parakeet
(of the race griseipectus), Blue-crowned Trogon, Great Antshrike, Black-capped Antwren, Rufous
Gnateater (of the local race cearae), several cute Buff-breasted Tody-Tyrants, Slender-footed
Tyrannulet, Greenish Elaenia and Red-necked Tanager. The afternoon was much quieter, but we still
managed to pick up Sick’s Swift, Gould’s Toucanet (but glimpses only), Planalto Slaty Antshrike,

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Band-tailed Manakin, Planalto Tyrannulet, Moustached Wren and several Red-cowled Cardinals. We
heard Spot-winged Wood-Quails call close to the trail, but these shy birds kept their distance. In late
afternoon Ochraceous Piculet, Wing-banded Hornero and Grey-headed Spinetail performed very
well in the gardens of our nearby hotel. The first hours of the next day were spent in the same area
and we came away with lovely views of a male Ruby Topaz, a well behaved Gould’s Toucanet,
Blond-crested Woodpecker, Sooty-fronted Spinetail, Swallow Flycatcher and Pectoral Sparrow. The
rest of the day was taken up by the long drive south through dry scrubby caatinga to the town of
Juazeiro do Norte. Regular stops at roadside lakes padded the ever-growing list with Least and Pied-
billed Grebes, three species of Whistling-Duck, Comb Duck, Brazilian Teal, Southern Pochard, Lesser
Yellow-headed Vulture, Savanna and Zone-tailed Hawks, Red-legged Seriema, Pied Lapwing,
Yellow-throated Spinetail, White Monjita, Grassland Sparrow, White-throated Seedeater and
Chestnut-capped and White-browed Blackbirds. Just before dusk several Least Nighthawks appeared
overhead.

Dawn found us on a sandy track on the forested plateau of the Chapada do Araripe and in a
marvellous couple of hours birding we were lucky enough to notch up virtually all of the local
specialities. The unique Great Xenops gave a superb show, an adorable White-browed Antpitta
performed incredibly well, whilst wagging its behind, a party of White-browed Guans walked across
the track and several Caatinga Antwrens sang from the canopy. Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin, Black-
tailed and Fuscous Flycatchers, Ash-throated Casiornis, White-naped Jay and Grey-eyed Greenlet
were also noted here. By mid morning the terrible noise of cicadas was drowning out all birdsong. A
Boat-billed Flycatcher understood our frustration, as we saw it slowly dispatch one of these noisy
critters. Quite an act! After a hearty churrascaria meal, we visited the habitat of one of the most
important species of the tour: the stunning Araripe Manakin, and we were not disappointed. A
magnificent male posed for eye-ball to eye-ball studies and several other birds showed nearby. We
spent several delightful hours in the company of this recently described splendour of a bird and also
added Glittering-bellied, Glittering-throated and Versicoloured Emeralds, Swallow-tailed
Hummingbird, Rufous-tailed Jacamar and Bran-coloured and Euler’s Flycatchers to the list. Another
full day at the Chapada do Araripe only produced King Vulture, Olivaceous Woodcreeper, several
more Great Xenopses, Ochre-cheeked Spinetail, Tawny-crowned Pygmy-Tyrant, Flavescent Warbler
and Pileated Finch. At dusk we obtained superb views of a singing Rufous Nightjar, together with
Pauraque and Common Potoo. A Rufous-collared Sparrow was our last species on the Chapada,
before we started driving southwest towards the distant town of Petrolina.

We crossed into the state of Pernambuco and started to get a good idea about what the sertão is all
about. In this scorched habitat of low thorny bushes dotted with lakes, we observed White-bellied
Nothura, Rufescent Tiger-Heron, Harris’s Hawk, Black-necked Stilt, Picazuro Pigeon, Eared Dove,
Plain-breasted and Picui Ground-Doves, Cactus Parakeet, Ringed, Amazon and Green Kingfishers,
Great Antshrike (a female catching a minnow-like fish), Southern White-fringed Antwren, Common
Tody-Flycatcher, Southern Beardless Tyrannulet, Southern Scrub Flycatcher, Campo Suiriri, Lesser
Wagtail-Tyrant, Black-backed Water-Tyrant, Chalk-browed Mockingbird, Orange-headed Tanager,
lots of Red-cowled Cardinals, Epaulet Oriole, Campo Troupial and Bay-winged Cowbird.

In the afternoon we explored a really nice patch of caatinga scrub with many terrestrial bromeliads
and cacti. Here, Tawny Piculet, Red-shouldered Spinetail, Caatinga Cacholote, Black-bellied
Antwren, White-naped Xenopsaris and a party of splendid Scarlet-throated Tanagers stole the show.
We stayed till dusk, but sadly the usually present Pygmy Nightjar did not want to perform. A short
drive took us then across the mighty Sao Francisco River to the town of Petrolina in the huge state of
Bahia.

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Next day was mainly a travelling day, as our comfortable bus took us east through the extensive
badlands of Northern Bahia to the faraway town of Jeremoabo. A few short stops produced several
goodies including a pair of Lear’s Macaws, Spot-backed Puffbird, Barred Antshrike (of the red eyed
race capistratus), Greater Wagtail-Tyrant and Black-throated Saltator.

For a whole morning we strolled through the park-like habitat where the amazing Lear’s Macaws like
to feed and hang about. We enjoyed glorious observations of this very important bird and admired it
in flight, perched, while feeding and while frolicking about. It was a fantastic experience sharing the
same space with these magical creatures. The supporting cast consisted of marvels like Red-legged
Seriema, Crane Hawk, lots of Burrowing Owls, Stripe-breasted Starthroat, Narrow-billed
Woodcreeper, White Monjita, Epaulet Oriole and cute White-tufted Marmosets. A nearby cattail
marsh gave us Rufous-sided Crake, Blackish Rail and Spot-flanked Gallinule. On the return journey,
we were a bit dismayed at the disappearance of the tall caatinga habitat where the perky Pectoral
Antwren makes a living, but after some hard searching, we eventually obtained dynamite looks at this
localized endemic. Rufous-fronted Thornbird, Hooded and White-lined Tanagers, Chestnut-vented
Conebill and a White-tufted Marmoset drinking tree juice at a favourite tree added to the fun.

We then left Bahia and drove into the small state of Sergipe, only noting a Short-tailed Hawk on the
journey. A hot afternoon in a nice patch of sandy soil primary forest proved hard work, but our main
target, the rare and extremely localized Fringe-backed Fire-eye was heard and glimpsed. A Stripe-
necked Tody-Tyrant gave better views and, after dinner, a smashing encounter with an angry Tropical
Screech-Owl ended the day in beauty. No dawn chorus greeted us in the same forest the next day
and although we heard the Fire-eye several times, we couldn’t entice it to perform. Very frustrating!!
A skittish Little Tinamou crossed the track a few times and a couple of cracking Golden-capped
Parakeets allowed in depth studies. We also noted Straight-billed and Buff-throated Woodcreepers,
Sooretama Slaty Antshrike and more Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrants and heard the distinctive calls of
Coimbra-Filho’s Titi Monkeys.

A long drive took us through most of Sergipe into Alagoas and in late afternoon we arrived at our
lovely hotel, where in the gardens we picked up Sombre Hummingbird and Little Woodpecker. The
famous Murici reserve consists of a couple of ridges with really nice hill forest surrounded by miles
and miles of grassland and sugarcane fields. We experienced very little song on our first full day in
this amazing place. We heard a Collared Forest-Falcon, bumped into a party of four Alagoas
Antwrens, craned our necks for a couple of Orange-bellied Antwrens and enjoyed watching White-
backed Fire-eye, Scalloped Antbird, Black-cheeked Gnateater, Red-headed, Blue-backed and White-
bearded Manakins, White-eyed Tody-Tyrant, Long-billed Gnatwren, Thrush-like Schiffornis, Greyish
Mourner and Bright-rumped Attila. A nearby marshy area held a showy Ash-throated Crake together
with South American Snipe and Yellowish Pipit.

After a welcome tip from a Brazilian colleague, we spent the next morning on a hill overlooking
expanses of surrounding forest. We noted a good selection of birds of prey including Short-tailed and
Zone-tailed Hawks, a Hook-billed Kite, a Crane Hawk doing its Gymnogene thing, but the ultimate
prize was a glorious White-collared Kite. We saw this exquisite bird perform some display as it flew
over some distant forest. This incredible rare Northeast Brazil endemic has only very rarely been seen
by birders and was obviously a new species for the Birdquest lifelist. We could not believe our eyes!!
Whilst raptor watching we also observed Red-shouldered Macaw, White-eyed Parakeet, Blue-headed
Parrot, Black-necked Aracari, Channel-billed Toucan and a relaxed Maned Three-toed Sloth in the
canopy of a forest giant. The nearby forest gave us another male Ruby Topaz, Black-eared Fairy and
an Alagoas Tyrannulet for a lucky soul. In late afternoon we obtained good views of an Ash-throated
Crake and a Limpkin in a wet meadow.

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On our second visit to the Murici reserve it was desperately quiet, as after exquisite scope views of a
party of eight attractive Jandaya Parakeets, we only managed to find Plumbeous Kite, Plain Parakeet,
Golden-spangled Piculet, a couple of Alagoas Antwrens, a female Orange-bellied Antwren, Black-
headed Berryeater, Greyish Mourner and Red Brocket Deer. A couple of hours in the lush hotel
gardens added Planalto Tyrannulet (at its nest), Green-backed and Crested Becards and Guira
Tanager to the tally. Later, a short flight took us from Maceio to Salvador, where Common Terns were
patrolling along the waterfront.

A thorough exploration of an area of mangroves and scrubby growth yielded Little Blue Heron,
Russet-crowned Crake (truly amazing views for everyone - out of this world!!), Clapper Rail, Spotted
Sandpiper, Plain-bellied Emerald, Cinereous-breasted Spinetail, Rufous-winged Antshrike and
Bicoloured Conebill. Another long and comfortable drive took us west through nice caatinga, where
roadside stops gave us White-cheeked Pintail and Solitary Sandpiper.

In mid afternoon we arrived at the Chapada Diamantina and a quick visit to one of the scenic areas
provided us with Biscutate Swift (detailed views), White-eared Puffbird and Cinnamon Tanager. On
our first morning in these attractive hills, we visited a nice stretch of caatinga that looked a lot greener
than similar habitat further north. There had obviously been recent rains here and this resulted in lots
of bird activity. Great Xenops, Silvery-cheeked Antshrike, Stripe-backed Antbird, Pearly-vented Tody-
Tyrant, Creamy-bellied Thrush, Lowland Hepatic Tanager, Green-winged Saltator, Ultramarine
Grosbeak and the recently described Sao Francisco Sparrow all performed incredibly well. Later, we
climbed up onto the spectacular rock formation of Pai Inacio, where we admired the splendid unique
vegetation. After a bit of a wait a cracking male Hooded Visorbearer allowed scope views al dente!!
Nearby White-vented Violetear, Collared Crescentchest (scope views!!), Plain-crested Elaenia, Buff-
throated Pampa-Finch and Velvety Black Tyrant showed well. The last hour of the day saw us
ambling through extensive grasslands, where we were lucky enough to flush a superb Giant Snipe.
After dinner we were shown several old nests of Reddish Hermit in the hotel area. A new nest was
attached to a leaf of a potted Heliconia in the open reception room and the tiny bird was sitting on its
delicate structure. Next morning, in an area of rocky montane scrub we found lots of yellow
flowering trees brimming with hummers like Brown Violetear, White-vented Violetear, Ruby Topaz,
Violet-capped Woodnymph, Amethyst Woodstar and Hooded Visorbearer. An afternoon stroll
through mature forest added Spotted Piculet, Surucua Trogon, White-shouldered Fire-eye, Sepia-
capped Flycatcher and Black-capped Becard to the list. The day ended at a viewpoint with hundreds
of Biscutate Swifts flying low overhead and a pair of Scaly-headed Parrots. Next morning, we were
walking along a track through some really nice campo rupestre in the higher reaches of the Chapada
Diamantina and here we soon managed to observe the very recently described Sincora Antwren.
Both male and female allowed excellent views at close range. Laughing Falcon, Speckled
Chachalaca, Scaled and Blue Ground-Doves, Hooded Visorbearer, Spotted Piculet, Highland Elaenia,
Masked Yellowthroat, Gilt-edged Tanager and White-bellied and Plumbeous Seedeaters added to the
enjoyment.

We left the beautiful Diamantina area and made our way east to the ornithological mecca of Boa
Nova. We arrived in time for some initial exploration of the mata-de-cipo, a kind of thorny forest
adorned with a multitude of creepers, vines and bromeliads. A male Slender Antbird gave a terrific
performance, a couple of more subtle Narrow-billed Antwrens showed, a Hangnest Tody-Tyrant
played hide and seek and another gaudy Scarlet-throated Tanager flew over.

Our full day in the wet forest at Boa Nova was, without any doubt, the birdiest day of the tour, as
specialities kept coming at a fast rate throughout the day. It was deliciously overwhelming. Along the

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forest edge King Vulture, Swallow-wing, Lineated Woodpecker (at nest hole), Bahia Spinetail, Ochre-
faced and Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatchers, Long-tailed Tyrant, Chestnut-crowned Becard and delicate
Brazilian Tanagers showed off. The forest track held many splendours including Least Pygmy Owl,
Scale-throated Hermit, Black Jacobin, Yellow-throated Woodpecker, Scaled and Lesser
Woodcreepers, Black-billed Scythebill, Striated Softtail, Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner, Spot-backed
Antshrike, Tufted Antshrike, Spot-breasted Antvireo, Scaled and Rio de Janeiro Antbirds, Sharpbill,
Swallow-tailed Manakin, Drab-breasted Bamboo-Tyrant, Oustalet’s and Bahia Tyrannulets, Eared
Pygmy-Tyrant, Yellow-rumped Flycatcher, Greenish Schiffornis, Rufous-headed, Flame-crested,
Black-goggled, Red-crowned Ant and Azure-shouldered Tanagers and a beautiful male Chestnut-
bellied Euphonia. The following morning, a bout of pre dawn night birding gave us glimpses of
Ocellated Poorwill and a distantly calling Spectacled Owl. Next to many species we had already
seen we added Scaled Pigeon, Blue-winged Macaw, Amazonian White-tailed Trogon, Yellow-eared
Woodpecker, Spix’s and Pallid Spinetails, White-collared Foliage-gleaner, Ferruginous Antbird, Pin-
tailed Manakin, Yellow-browed Tyrant, Variegated Flycatcher, Grey-hooded Attila and a snazzy
Black-capped Donacobius to the list. A hot afternoon in nearby caatinga was very slow going, with
only Small-billed Tinamou, White-bellied Nothura (scope views), several Hangnest Tody-Tyrants and
White-crested Tyrannulet to show for our efforts. At dusk a Little Nightjar called, but
uncharacteristically, did not want to play.

We said goodbye to the rich Boa Nova area and visited the famous cocoa groves of coastal Bahia.
After some respectful waiting under bromeliad- laden, shade-providing forest giants, we eventually all
had great views of the legendary Pink-legged Graveteiro. Scope views of the acrobatic grey adults
were very much appreciated, and we also saw a rufous youngster. Marvellous stuff. Plain Parakeet,
Thrush-like Wren, Golden-chevroned and Green-headed Tanager inhabited the same area. Our final
birding stop of the tour was in restinga forest in eastern central Bahia, but our main target, the Bahia
Antwren stayed totally out of view. The supporting cast included Grey Hawk, Peach-fronted Parakeet,
White-crowned Manakin, Yellow Tyrannulet, Turquoise Tanager (of the white-bellied race), Red-
legged Honeycreeper, Double-collared Seedeater, Yellow-rumped and Red-rumped Caciques, but
the last really good bird of the tour was a surprise Pheasant Cuckoo!

Northeast Brazil once again showed us a rich variety of very rarely seen endemics.

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SYSTEMATIC LIST

Species which were heard but not seen are indicated by the symbol (H).
Species which were not personally recorded by the leader are indicated by the symbol (NL).
Subspecies names are given where known and/or appropriate, either in a comment or in parentheses

TINAMIDAE
Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui: We heard its haunting calls at Crasto (Sergipe) and in the humid

forest of Boa Nova (Bahia). Everyone managed to see this skulker well as it crossed the
track several times at Crasto.
Brown Tinamou Crypturellus obsoletus (H): Heard in the humid forest of Boa Nova
(Bahia)(nominate). The police whistle!!
Yellow-legged Tinamou Crypturellus noctivagus (H): Its rather unusual song could be heard in the
forests of the Chapada Diamantina and also in the mata-de-cipo at Boa Nova (Bahia). We
tried to lure this Brazilian endemic into view, but to no avail (zabele). It is treated as Near
Threatened in “Threatened Birds of the World”, BirdLife International’s magnus opus on
the sad fate of 10% of the world’s avifauna.
Small-billed Tinamou Crypturellus parvirostris: A regularly heard species. Eventually one was seen
crossing a track in the Boa Nova caatinga (Bahia). The tinamous belonging to the genus
Crypturellus are usually notoriously difficult to see. Most species of this family are
polygamous, with the smaller males performing the domestic tasks and their eggs are
beautifully coloured.
Tataupa Tinamou Crypturellus tataupa (H): We heard it a few times (lepidotus).
Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens (H): We heard its distinctive whistle emanating from
grasslands on our way to the Chapada Diamantina.
White-bellied Nothura Nothura boraquira: A couple of observations of this grassland and brush
inhabitant. Terrific scope studies in the Boa Nova caatinga! The specific scientific name
boraquira remains unexplained.

PODICIPEDIDAE
Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus: Regular observations of these yellow-eyed, diminutive grebes

(speciosus). A pond near Juazeiro do Norte held at least 30 birds and several occupied
nests.
Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps: Regularly encountered (antarcticus).

PHALACROCORACIDAE
Neotropic Cormorant (Olivaceous C) Phalacrocorax brasilianus: Regular observations of this

widespread species (nominate).

ANATIDAE
Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor: Five showed well on a lake just north of the Chapada

do Araripe. A near-pantropical species.
White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata: Regular observations. It has a wide distribution

in the Neotropics and also occurs in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar.
Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis: Several amongst White-faced Whistling

Ducks on a lake north of the Chapada do Araripe (discolor). The epithet autumnalis (=
autumnal) refers to the orange, yellow and brown colours of this species.
Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos: Both males and females of this pantropical species showed well
on a lake north of the Chapada do Araripe (sylvicola).

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Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis: Repeated excellent sightings of this subtly-attractive duck
(nominate).

White-cheeked Pintail Anas bahamensis: c12 of the race rubrirostris showed well on our journey to
the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia).

Southern Pochard Netta erythrophthalma: Excellent views of both sexes on a lake in Ceará
(nominate). The Southern Pochard is now rare and localized in the Neotropics, but it
remains a common species in sub-Saharan Africa.

ARDEIDAE
Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea: Five were seen in a mangrove area near Salvador (Bahia).
Snowy Egret Egretta thula: Regular encounters with the nominate race. ‘Thula’ is an Araucano

(Chilean) Indian name for the Black-necked Swan, erroneously given to the Snowy Egret!
Great Egret Casmerodius albus: This well-known and widespread species was regularly seen,

sometimes in fair flocks (egretta).
Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis: The most commonly-encountered member of the heron family.

This highly successful species apparently invaded South America from Africa in the late
19th century, one of the most spectacular examples of avian range expansions in historic
times.
Striated Heron (Green-backed Heron) Butorides striatus: Regular observations of the nominate race.
Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax: An adult bird of the race hoactli was found at a
lake on our way to the Chapada do Araripe (Ceará).
Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum: Five excellent observations of this attractive species. Both
adults and bittern-like youngsters were seen.

THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Bare-faced Ibis (Whispering Ibis) Phimosus infuscatus (NL): Simon saw a single bird on one of our

long drives in Ceará.

CATHARTIDAE
Black Vulture Coragyps atratus: Very common (brasiliensis).
Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura: Regular sightings of the race ruficollis, but much less common than

the previous species. The members of the genus Cathartes have a very keen sense of
smell.
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture (Savanna Vulture) Cathartes burrovianus: Regular observations of this
low-flying savanna specialist (urubitinga). Almost everyone appreciated the interesting
head only scope studies!!
King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa: Three observations of this attractively-patterned species. The one
at the Chapada do Araripe showed at close range, revealing the magnificent colours of
the head!

ACCIPITRIDAE
White-collared Kite (Forbes’s Kite) Leptodon forbesi: The SURPRISE of the tour!!! After a very

welcome tip from a Brazilian colleague, we positioned ourselves on a hilltop in the state
of Alagoas, from where we observed an excellent variety of birds of prey. Just when we
were about to give up, a White-collared Kite appeared in the distance, did a bit of Honey
Buzzard-like display and flying about for about two minutes. We all obtained satisfactory
scope views of this incredibly rare raptor, which has been seen by fewer than 40
birdwatchers ever!! The distinctive wing pattern, with the pale underwing coverts showed
very well. The taxonomy of this form is not clear yet, as some scientists still consider it as
a subspecies of Grey-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis. Recent research has revealed that

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it may be a bit more common than suspected, but the total population is still incredibly
small (< 50 birds). This enigmatic raptor is confined to the states of Alagoas and
Pernambuco in Northeast Brazil. Virtually nothing is known about this species – have an
eye-opening look in “Raptors of the World”, the “Handbook of the Birds of the World”
vol 2, or BirdLife International’s “Threatened Birds of the World”. It is treated as Critically
Endangered in the latter book. Obviously a new bird for the Birdquest lifelist and the
favourite species for Wally.
Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus: A dark morph adult showed well from the same
viewpoint. A land snail specialist.
White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus: Just a handful of observations (nominate).
Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis: Two sightings of this widespread snail specialist.
Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea: A single bird showed briefly at the Murici reserve.
Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens: Three sightings of the race gracilis. One showed particularly
well at the raptor viewpoint. The Crane Hawk superficially recalls the Afrotropical
Harrier Hawk (or Gymnogene), but it is smaller and more lightly built, with relatively
longer legs.
Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis: A single observation in the Ceará caatinga.
Harris’s Hawk (Bay-winged Hawk) Parabuteo unicinctus: Six observations of the nominate race.
Grey Hawk Asturina nitida: Just one observation of a single bird in coastal Bahia.
Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris: The most commonly-encountered bird of prey (nattereri).
Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus: Two observations of this widespread species.
Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus: Four encounters with this widespread raptor. It looks
remarkably like a Turkey Vulture, the species it so accurately mimics!

FALCONIDAE
Southern Crested Caracara (Southern Caracara) Caracara plancus: Common.
Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima: The nominate race was regularly encountered.
Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans: Nice scope views of one along a forest edge at the

Chapada Diamantina, where we also heard its maniacal call.
Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus (H): We heard its distinctive vocalizations in the

distance at Murici.
Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis (H): Heard in the Chapada Diamantina.
American Kestrel Falco sparverius: Regular sightings (cearae).

CRACIDAE
Speckled Chachalaca Ortalis guttata: Distant scope views of one at the Chapada Diamantina, where

we also heard the distinctive dawn chorus (araucuan). Souza treats this form, which is
restricted to eastern Brazil as a separate species, White-bellied Chachalaca Ortalis
araucuan. But, apart from it being a very confusing English name (The “real” White-
bellied Chachalaca O. leucogastra lives from Mexico south to Nicaragua), nobody seems
to follow this split, although this form is widely separated from the Amazonian
population.
White-browed Guan Penelope jacucaca: Good looks at several in the Chapada do Araripe. A real
Northeast Brazil endemic and a rarely observed species!!

ODONTOPHORIDAE
Spot-winged Wood-Quail Odontophorus capueira (H): We heard its distinctive voice at close range

in the Serra de Baturité.

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RALLIDAE
Uniform Crake Amaurolimnas concolor (H): The characteristic vocalizations of this widespread, but

rarely-seen mega skulker were heard in the Boa Nova area.
Russet-crowned Crake Anurolimnas viridis: Perfect views of two or three of these lovely little crakes

in a patch of scrub near Salvador (nominate). These usually very hard to see critters
behaved incredibly well and allowed repeated eye-ball to eye-ball looks – they have
bright red eyes!! - for all of us. One of my best experiences with these adorable tikes. Is it
obvious that I like crakes?
Rufous-sided Crake Laterallus melanophaius: Great views for most of this skulker at a marsh in
northern Bahia (nominate).
Clapper Rail Rallus longirostris: Great scope studies of this widespread species along a mangrove
edge near Salvador.
Grey-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea (H): We heard its distinctive voice near Murici.
Ash-throated Crake Porzana albicollis: Repeated great views of this very vocal skulker near Murici
(nominate). A characteristic sound of wet meadows all over our circuit.
Blackish Rail Pardirallus nigricans: Excellent views were obtained on several occasions!! Its Water
Rail-like pig squeals were often heard (nominate).
Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinicus: Regular observations. A real beauty.
Common Moorhen (Common Gallinule) Gallinula chloropus: The race galeata proved to be
common.
Spot-flanked Gallinule Gallinula melanops: Smashing scope views of several of these rarely-
encountered birds (nominate). Red eyes!!

ARAMIDAE
Limpkin Aramus guarauna: Three observations of the nominate race.

CARIAMIDAE
Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata: The distinctive far-carrying calls were a feature of the Lear’s

Macaw site and we managed exquisite and prolonged scope studies of several birds.
Splendid stuff. We also saw one along the road in central Ceará.

JACANIDAE
Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana: Very common on ponds and lakes (nominate).

CHARADRIIDAE
Pied Lapwing (Pied Plover) Hoploxypterus cayanus: Nice scope views of this handsome species on a

lake in southern Ceará. It is usually encountered on the sandbanks of the major rivers of
the Amazon and Orinoco systems. This cracker is often placed in the genus Vanellus.
Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis: Very common and very vocal (lampronotus).

SCOLOPACIDAE
South American Snipe Gallinago paraguaiae: One was flushed from a marsh near Murici.
Giant Snipe Gallinago undulata: One of the surprises of the tour!! We flushed this splendid species

twice in a patch of dry grassland in the Chapada Diamantina and it allowed really
excellent views, when it took off almost at our feet. A much appreciated encounter.
Hudsonian Whimbrel Numenius hudsonicus (NL): A single bird was seen along the Salvador
waterfront.
Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria: Just a few observations. Remember the white eye-ring.
Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia: Several showed well in a mangrove area in the Salvador region.

9 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

RECURVIROSTRIDAE
Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus: Regular sightings (nominate).

LARIDAE
Common Tern Sterna hirundo: Quite a few of these well-known birds were hanging about along the

Salvador waterfront.

COLUMBIDAE
Rock Dove (Feral Pigeon) Columba livia: Too many...
Scaled Pigeon Columba speciosa: Scope views at Boa Nova. One of the more handsome of the

family.
Picazuro Pigeon Columba picazuro: Regular observations. The scientific epithet is a Guarani Indian

word, meaning sour pigeon, from the taste of the bird’s flesh after it has eaten certain
fruits.
Pale-vented Pigeon Columba cayennensis: Regular observations (sylvestris). Quite handsome in good
light.
Plumbeous Pigeon Columba plumbea: One was glimpsed at Murici and we heard it in the humid
forest at Boa Nova.
Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata: We only saw this widespread species on the day we left the
Chapada do Araripe (noronha).
Scaled Dove Columbina squammata: Strangely enough, a few sightings only. The genus Scardafella
is often used for this species.
Plain-breasted Ground-Dove Columbina minuta: Just a few observations of the nominate race.
Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti: Very common. There is no explanation for the epithet
talpacoti (nominate).
Picui Ground-Dove Columbina picui: A very common sight in the drier habitats (strepitans). Picui is
a Guarani (Paraguayan) Indian name for a small dove.
Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa: A couple of brief sightings of this forest dweller.
White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi (H): The race approximans was often heard. The bird is
named after Jules Pierre Verreaux (1808-1873), a French collector, naturalist and natural
history dealer, who also has (amongst others) an eagle, a coua and a turaco bearing his
name.
Grey-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla: Obviously more often heard than seen (bahiae).

PSITTACIDAE
Lear’s Macaw (Indigo Macaw) Anodorhynchus leari: Fantastic views of at least 12 birds in a park-like

grove close to Raso da Catarina, near the village of Canudos (northern Bahia). We first
obtained glorious flight views and then positioned ourselves strategically so we could
admire these incomparable birds perched. And what a sight they were!! Definitely, one
of the experiences of the tour. We also saw their favourite food: the fruit of the Licuri
Palm (Syagrus coronata). The total population now stands at only c250 birds, so this
species is treated as Critical in “Threatened Birds of the World”. Breeding success is not
very good and it seems the population can barely sustain itself. Several projects are
underway to help this very rare species from going the same way as the Spix’s Macaw
Cyanopsitta spixii. This mysterious species lived in roughly the same area, till the last bird
disappeared from the wild in September 2000. The Lear’s Macaw is named after Edward
Lear (1821-1888), English author, traveller and artist of ”Illustrations of the family of
Psittacidae”. The number two in the “Bird of the Trip” game and Roger’s favourite bird.
Blue-winged Macaw Propyrrhura maracana: A couple showed in flight at Boa Nova. It is treated as
Vulnerable in “Threatened Birds of the World”.

10 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

Red-shouldered Macaw Diopsittaca nobilis: Good flight views of c15 in the Murici area.
White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalmus: A few observations in the open areas surrounding the

Murici reserve (nominate).
Jandaya Parakeet Aratinga jandaya: Marvellous scope views of eight of these magnificent birds in the

Murici area. This glorious species is endemic to NE Brazil. Jandaya is a Tupi Indian name
for a kind of parrot.
Golden-capped Parakeet Aratinga auricapilla: Three encounters with small parties of this attractive
species. Prolonged scope studies of this Brazilian endemic, which is treated as
Vulnerable in “Threatened Birds of the World” (nominate).
Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea: A few in flight in coastal Bahia.
Cactus Parakeet (Caatinga Parakeet) Aratinga cactorum: Small numbers showed very well in the
caatinga of northern Bahia (nominate). A Brazilian endemic.
Maroon-faced Parakeet (White-eared P) Pyrrhura leucotis: A few showed briefly in the Baturité area
(griseipectus). This form is sometimes considered a separate species: Grey-breasted
Parakeet P. griseipectus.
Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius: Regular sightings of this diminutive critter. The race
involved is flavissimus.
Plain Parakeet Brotogeris tirica: Good views of perched birds in coastal Bahia. A Brazilian endemic.
Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri: A few showed briefly in flight near Baturité (nominate).
Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus: Good flight views of a pair in the Murici area (reichenowi).
Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani: A single observation in the Chapada Diamantina
(nominate).
Orange-winged Parrot Amazona amazonica: Two flew over the forest at Crasto (nominate).

CUCULIDAE
Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana: Regular sightings of the race pallescens.
Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani: Too many.
Guira Cuckoo Guira guira: Many sightings of this bird full of character. A splendid creature,

seemingly related to Hoatzin!!
Pheasant Cuckoo Dromococcyx phasianellus: One responded very well to my whistle while we were

searching for the Bahia Antwren in coastal Bahia. A nice surprise!
Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia (H): A distinctive voice of the caatinga, but it was never really close

enough to play with (nominate).

STRIGIDAE
Tropical Screech-Owl Otus choliba: Splendid close up views of this cutie in the garden of our hotel

at Crasto (Sergipe).
Spectacled Owl Pulsatrix perspicillata (H): We heard the distinctive song in the distance at Boa

Nova. It is sometimes called the coffin maker.
Least Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium minutissimum: Excellent scope views in the humid forest at Boa Nova.

The original, widespread Least Pygmy Owl (occurring from Mexico to Brazil) has been
split into five different species. Our taxon is restricted to the Atlantic forests of eastern
Brazil, northeastern Argentina and adjacent Paraguay.
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum: Good looks at a single bird of the nominate race in
coastal Bahia. My lips still hurt...
Burrowing Owl Speotyto cunicularia: Many splendid sightings of this angry-looking critter (grallaria).
It is sometimes placed in the genus Athene.

11 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

NYCTIBIIDAE
Common Potoo (Grey Potoo) Nyctibius griseus: Fair views and a great audio show on our evening

walk at the Chapada do Araripe (nominate). A truly remarkable song!!

CAPRIMULGIDAE
Least Nighthawk Chordeiles pusillus: Smashing views of many, already flying long before dusk in the

caatinga (probably the race xerophilus).
Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis: Regular sightings of this widespread species (nominate).
Ocellated Poorwill Nyctiphrynus ocellatus: Glimpses of a singing bird at Boa Nova.
Rufous Nightjar Caprimulgus rufus: Excellent, close up studies of a singing bird at the Chapada do

Araripe,
Little Nightjar Caprimulgus parvulus (H): We heard the distinctive song in the caatinga near Boa

Nova (nominate).

APODIDAE
Biscutate Swift Streptoprocne biscutata: Many could be observed in the Chapada Diamantina, often

showing very well (nominate).
Grey-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris: Small numbers in the Salvador area (Bahia) (nominate).
Sick’s Swift Chaetura meridionalis: A few in the Serra de Baturité area.
Fork-tailed Palm-Swift Tachornis squamata: Regular observations, always near palms (nominate).

TROCHILIDAE
Rufous-breasted Hermit (Hairy Hermit) Glaucis hirsuta: A single sighting of the nominate race in the

Serra de Baturité.
Scale-throated Hermit Phaethornis eurynome: Two observations of the nominate race.
Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei: Regular observations, often at close range.
Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber: Regular sightings of the nominate race. Often observed hovering

at minimal distance. Close up views at the nest at the hotel in Lençois.
Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macroura: Many great looks at this splendid bird, which

is sometimes put in the genus Campylopterus (simoni).
Black Jacobin Melanotrochilus fuscus: Several showed very well in a flowering tree at Boa Nova. An

Atlantic forest endemic.
Brown Violetear Colibri delphinae: Good views of several individuals of this monotypic species in

the yellow flowering trees in the Chapada Diamantina. A well-known species that occurs
from Central America south to Venezuela and north central Brazil (at Roraima) and down
along the Andes to northern Bolivia. The very isolated population in the Chapada
Diamantina is particularly interesting. Have a look at the remarkable distribution map in
the “Handbook of the Birds of the World”, vol 5, p557. There is no real explanation for
the scientific epithet delphinae.
White-vented Violetear Colibri serrirostris: Quite commonly encountered in the Chapada
Diamantina.
Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis: Great looks at both males and females of this
lovely species.
Ruby-topaz Hummingbird (Ruby Topaz) Chrysolampis mosquitus: Regular eye-ball to eye-ball
encounters with this gem of a bird. The males have to be seen to be believed. The
scientific epithet mosquitus (mosquito) refers to the small size and buzzing flight of this
species.
Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris: The race pucherani proved to be quite
common on the whole circuit.
Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata: A few in the forest at Baturité (baeri).

12 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

Long-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania watertonii: Good views of a female of this NE Brazil endemic at
Murici.

Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis: Many observations in eastern Bahia. An Atlantic
Forest endemic.

Rufous-throated Sapphire Hylocharis sapphirina: A single bird showed well in Ceará.
White-chinned Sapphire Hylocharis cyanus: Good views of one in the Crasto forest (nominate). A

vociferous species.
Versicoloured Emerald Amazilia versicolor: Regular lovely sightings (nitidifrons).
Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata: A few encounters with the race nigricauda.
Plain-bellied Emerald Amazilia leucogaster: Good looks at this subtly-coloured hummer in the

Salvador area (bahiae).
Sombre Hummingbird Aphantochroa cirrochloris: A single in the Murici area and several at Boa

Nova. A Brazilian endemic, that is sometimes placed in the genus Campylopterus.
Hooded Visorbearer Augastes lumachella: This marvellous and rather bizarre hummer posed for us

in the higher reaches of the Chapada Diamantina. The male with his fiery red throat tuft
is a truly amazing creature. It has a very restricted range in Bahia and adjacent Minas
Gerais and this Brazilian endemic is treated as Near Threatened in “Threatened Birds of
the World”. Have a look at plate 72 in volume 5 of the “Handbook of the Birds of the
World”. The genus name comes from the Greek word ‘augasteira’ = light-giving. The
scientific epithet is derived from the Italian word ‘lumachella’ = fire marble, a dark
limestone containing shells, which emit fiery reflections.
Black-eared Fairy Heliothryx aurita: Several excellent observations (auriculata ?).
Stripe-breasted Starthroat Heliomaster squamosus: Great studies at the Lear’s Macaw place. Yet
another hummingbird that is restricted to eastern Brazil.
Amethyst Woodstar Calliphlox amethystina: A female showed briefly in the yellow flowering trees of
the Chapada Diamantina.

TROGONIDAE
Amazonian White-tailed Trogon Trogon viridis: We heard the distinctive voice in the Crasto forest

and saw a male at Boa Nova (melanopterus).
Black-throated Trogon Trogon rufus: Several splendid close up observations at Boa Nova.
Surucua Trogon Trogon surrucura: Great studies of this Atlantic Forest endemic in the Chapada

Diamantina (aurantius).
Blue-crowned Trogon Trogon curucui: Regular sightings of the nominate race.

ALCEDINIDAE
Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle torquata: Eleven sightings of the largest of New World Kingfishers

(nominate).
Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona: Several nice sightings of the nominate race.
Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana: Two encounters with the nominate race.

GALBULIDAE
Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda: Several excellent sightings. The only Jacamar in Northeast

Brazil (rufoviridis).

BUCCONIDAE
White-eared Puffbird Nystalus chacuru: A couple showed very well in the Chapada Diamantina

(nominate). A very vocal species.
Spot-backed Puffbird Nystalus maculatus: A couple of excellent observations of this snazzy character

(nominate).

13 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

Swallow-wing Chelidoptera tenebrosa: Good views of several at Boa Nova.

RAMPHASTIDAE
Black-necked Aracari Pteroglossus aracari: Good looks at several in the Murici area (nominate).
Gould’s Toucanet Selenidera gouldii: Great looks at a male and a female of this attractive species in

the Serra de Baturité. The isolated population here is sometimes considered to represent a
separate race (baturitensis). The bird is of course named after John Gould, the famous
19th century English writer, naturalist and publisher.
Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus: A few seen and many heard (pernambucensis).

PICIDAE
Golden-spangled Piculet Picumnus exilis: Several lovely observations of this tiny species.
Spotted Piculet Picumnus pygmaeus: Three excellent observations. Perfect scope studies. This

species is restricted to Northeast Brazil.
Tawny Piculet Picumnus fulvescens: A single bird showed very well in the caatinga north of

Petrolina. It is only known from a handful of sites in the states of Pernambuco, Ceará,
Alagoas, Piaui and Paraiba. This northeast Brazil endemic is treated as Vulnerable in
“Threatened Birds of the World”, BirdLife International’s magnus opus on the sad fate of
10% of the world’s avifauna.
Ochraceous Piculet Picumnus limae: Excellent studies of a female in the Serra de Baturité. A NE
Brazil endemic. It is treated as Vulnerable in “Threatened Birds of the World”.
Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus: Six sightings of the race taenionotus.
Yellow-eared Woodpecker Veniliornis maculifrons: Good looks at a female in the Boa Nova forest. A
Brazilian endemic, here at the extreme northern edge of its area of distribution.
Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus flavigula: Several fantastic views in the humid forest at Boa
Nova, where the male of the race involved (erythropis) shows a bright red throat.
Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros: Regular encounters (nattereri).
Campo Flicker (Field Flicker) Colaptes campestris: A single bird showed briefly at the Lear’s Macaw
site.
Blond-crested Woodpecker Celeus flavescens: Good looks at a couple in the Serra do Baturité – a
really delightful species.
Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus: Smashing views of this widespread species in and near a
nesthole at Boa Nova.

DENDROCOLAPTIDAE
[This family is often considered to be a subfamily of the Furnariidae]
Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa: A single sighting in the forest of the Serra de

Baturité.
Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus: Regular observations. We saw the distinctive

forms reiseri, sylviellus and the nominate race. Keep an eye on where you have seen this
species as its systematics are in need of a comprehensive revision. Splitting is bound to
happen in the future.
Straight-billed Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus picus: A couple of encounters.
Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus: A few observations of the nominate form in the
forests at Crasto and Murici.
Lesser Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus fuscus: A few sightings in the humid forest of Boa Nova
(brevirostris/tenuirostris). This Atlantic Forest endemic was formerly placed in the genus
Lepidocolaptes, but recent molecular studies indicate that it is better included in
Xiphorhynchus. This is also suggested by behavioural observations and morphological
characters.

14 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

Narrow-billed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes angustirostris: Several lovely observations of the race
bahiae. One of the more striking members of the family.

Scaled Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes squamatus: A couple of sightings in the humid forest at Boa
Nova (nominate). Note that the southern races have now been split off as a separate
species: Scalloped Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes falcinellus: This very recent split (see
Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol 8, p443) differs from Scaled Woodcreeper in
crown pattern and the colouration of back and tail. The dividing line between these two
allopatric species is the Rio Paraiba do Sul in northern Sao Paulo. Scaled Woodcreeper is
now a Brazilian endemic.

Black-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus falcularius: Superb views of an almost tailless bird in the
humid forest at Boa Nova. A truly splendid creature and a real cracker.

FURNARIIDAE
Wing-banded Hornero (Band-tailed or Tail-banded Hornero) Furnarius figulus: Regular observations

of this Brazilian endemic (nominate). Its distinctive Dutch oven nest is often used by
other species.
Pale-legged Hornero Furnarius leucopus: A few observations of the race assimilis. The two other
disjunct populations (one in western Ecuador and northwest Peru and one in northern
Colombia and northern Venezuela) are now usually considered to represent separate
species.
Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus: Nicely observed in coastal Bahia (albogularis).
Bahia Spinetail Synallaxis whitneyi: Several excellent encounters with this (kind of) newly-described
bird in the humid forest at Boa Nova. The species is restricted to the states of Bahia and
adjacent Minas Gerais and is named after Bret Whitney, an American ornithologist who
does a lot of research in Brazil. It is treated as Endangered in “Threatened Birds of the
World”. This taxon has a bit of a chequered history as it was named Synallaxis cinereus in
1831. It was later considered as a subspecies of Rufous-capped Spinetail S. ruficapilla. It
was then lost for a while and rediscovered, so that S. cinerea and S. whitneyi are now
considered synonyms.
Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis: Repeated excellent views of this scrub inhabitant
(nominate).
Spix’s Spinetail (Chicli S) Synallaxis spixi: Good looks at two along a forest edge at Boa Nova.
Cinereous-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis hypospodia: Great views of this widespread, but uncommon
species in a patch of shrubbery near Salvador.
Red-shouldered Spinetail Gyalophylax hellmayri: Splendid studies of this different-looking spinetail
in the caatinga near Lagoa Grande. It is the only member of its genus (close to Synallaxis,
but with a different number of rectrices and a wedge-shaped bill) and is endemic to
Northeast Brazil. This species is treated as Near Threatened in “Threatened Birds of the
World”.
Ochre-cheeked Spinetail Poecilurus scutatus: Fair looks in the Chapada do Araripe (nominate).
Pallid Spinetail Cranioleuca pallida: Perfect views of this southeastern Brazil endemic in the humid
forest at Boa Nova.
Grey-headed Spinetail Cranioleuca semicinerea: A single showed well at Baturité and we obtained
great views of a couple at the Chapada do Araripe (nominate). Yet another Brazilian
endemic.
Yellow-throated Spinetail (Yellow-chinned Spinetail) Certhiaxis cinnamomea: Commonly seen and
heard in marshy habitat (cearensis).
Pink-legged Graveteiro Acrobatornis fonsecai: Excellent views of this recently-discovered species in
the bromeliad-laden canopy of a cocoa plantation shade tree in coastal Bahia. We saw a
couple of adults and at least one rufous youngster. It was described in 1996 and is the

15 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

sole member of its genus. A free translation of the Portuguese word Graveteiro would be
“Twiggy” (Graveta = twig). We did not see any nests this year. One of the several oddities
surrounding this species is the fact that birds in immature plumage have been observed
feeding begging fledglings, the only instance in the Furnarids where true helping has
been recorded. Young birds have also been seen helping with nest-building. Yet another
Brazilian endemic that is treated as Vulnerable in “Threatened Birds of the World”.
Striated Softtail Thripophaga macroura: Superb repeated and prolonged views of this southeastern
Brazil endemic in the humid forest at Boa Nova. They were extremely vocal and we also
observed them at their nest. Seemingly easier to see here than anywhere else in its small
area of distribution. This species is treated as Endangered in “Threatened Birds of the
World”.
Common Thornbird (Rufous-fronted T, Plain T) Phacellodomus rufifrons: Regular observations,
usually at the spectacular nest. The race involved is specularis, which shows some rufous
on the primaries and on the shoulders. Birds in NE Brazil show the distinct rufous front,
compared to those in Venezuela.
Caatinga Cacholote Pseudoseisura cristata: Regular sightings of this large, spectacular, yellow-eyed
and vocal furnarid at their large stick nests in the caatinga. The disjunct population
occurring in the Pantanal, Bolivia and northern Paraguay has now been split off as Grey-
crested Cacholote P. unirufa.
Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner Philydor rufus: A single bird showed in the humid forest at Boa Nova
(nominate).
White-collared Foliage-gleaner Anabazenops fuscus: Very good views of this different-looking
furnarid in the humid forest at Boa Nova. A Southeast Brazil endemic.
White-eyed Foliage-gleaner Automolus leucophthalmus (H): We heard it in the forest at Boa Nova
(lammi).
Plain Xenops Xenops minutus: A couple of observations of the nominate race.
Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans: Several sightings at Boa Nova (nominate).
Great Xenops Megaxenops parnaguae: Great looks at this enigmatic bird in the woodland of the
Chapada do Araripe and again in the caatinga near the Chapada Diamantina. We
obtained splendid views of Megaxenops (what a name!!), whilst it was prying off pieces
of bark with its remarkable bill. Although it was quite vocal, we had to work a bit to get
good looks at this magnificent Northeastern Brazil endemic. It is treated as Near
Threatened in “Threatened Birds of the World”. The bird is named after the town of
Parnagua in the state of Piaui. Definitely one of those “must see birds”.

THAMNOPHILIDAE
Spot-backed Antshrike Hypoedaleus guttatus: Perfect views at eye level of this canopy inhabitant in

the humid forest at Boa Nova (leucogaster). A monotypic genus and an Atlantic Forest
endemic. What a performance!!
Tufted Antshrike Mackenziaena severa: Great views of two males of this marvellous species in the
humid forest at Boa Nova. Always a delight to see this bird full of character!!
Great Antshrike Taraba major: A few observations of this widespread, but always splendid species
(stagurus). We witnessed some really interesting behaviour at a shrubby lake edge in
Pernambuco where a female suddenly plunged down into the shallow water and grabbed
a small fish, which it then consumed with great delight. This behaviour has been
documented before from the Pantanal.
Silvery-cheeked Antshrike Sakesphorus cristatus: Several great studies of this attractive Northeast
Brazil endemic. A really exciting species!!
Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus: A few observations of this widespread species. The race in
Northeast Brazil, capistratus, has red eyes (yellow eyes everywhere else).

16 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

Planalto Slaty Antshrike Thamnophilus pelzelni: Regular encounters with this vocal Brazilian
endemic.

Sooretama Slaty Antshrike Thamnophilus ambiguus: Great looks at a pair in the sandy soil forest at
Crasto. Another Brazilian endemic.

Rufous-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus torquatus: Fantastic point blank views of a male in the scrub
near Salvador.

Spot-breasted Antvireo Dysithamnus stictothorax: Fairly common and very obliging in the humid
forest at Boa Nova. A species with very distinctive vocalizations. It is treated as Near
Threatened in “Threatened Birds of the World”.

Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis: A single observation of the race emiliae.
White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris: Good views of the distinctive race luctuosa. Another

form to keep an eye on!!
Alagoas Antwren Myrmotherula snowi: Several excellent sightings of this rare and little-known mid

storey inhabitant at Murici. It is endemic to Northeastern Brazil and is treated as Critical
in “Threatened Birds of the World”.
Stripe-backed Antbird Myrmorchilus strigilatus: Good views in the Chapada Diamantina caatinga
and we also heard it in the dry forest at Boa Nova (nominate). This species has two
disjunct populations: one in Northeast Brazil and one in the chaco area of northern
Argentina, Paraguay and southern Bolivia. A monotypic genus.
Black-capped Antwren Herpsilochmus atricapillus: Regular encounters with this attractively-
patterned species in the Ceará forests.
Caatinga Antwren Herpsilochmus sellowi: Excellent views in the Chapada do Araripe. This is a
recent split from Pileated Antwren H. pileatus. A Brazilian endemic.
Pectoral Antwren Herpsilochmus pectoralis: Great looks at a male in tall caatinga woodland near
Jeremoabo (northern Bahia). A really attractive species and another Northeast Brazil
endemic. It is treated as Vulnerable in “Threatened Birds of the World”.
Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus: Regular and very satisfying performances of
this canopy inhabitant (scapularis). An often heard voice.
Narrow-billed Antwren Formicivora iheringi: A good showing in the dry forest at Boa Nova. It favours
the vine tangles and patches of terrestrial bromeliads of the mata-de-cipo. This species
indeed has a narrow bill, is restricted to the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais and is
declining because of substantial deforestation over much of its small range. It is
consequently treated as Vulnerable in “Threatened Birds of the World”.
Southern White-fringed Antwren Formicivora grisea: Nice views of this widespread species in
shrubby growth near Salvador.
Black-bellied Antwren Formicivora melanogaster: A beautiful male and female showed well in the
caatinga near Lagoa Grande (bahiae). A lovely species, restricted to eastern Bolivia,
northern Paraguay and central Brazil.
Sincora Antwren Formicivora grantsaui: Both male and female of this very recently described species
(2007) showed very well in a patch of campo rupestre (rocky montane scrub) in the
Chapada Diamantina. It used to be considered belonging with Rusty-backed Antwren,
but differs in morphological and ecological characteristics, next to rather different
vocalizations.
Ferruginous Antbird Drymophila ferruginea: Great looks at this handsome Southeastern Brazil
endemic in the humid forest at Boa Nova.
Scaled Antbird Drymophila squamata: Endemic to eastern Brazil, this boldly-patterned species was
splendidly observed at Boa Nova. A real beauty.
Orange-bellied Antwren Terenura sicki: Fair views for most of a pair of this hard-to-see-well canopy-
dweller in the Murici reserve, where we all heard the distinctive vocalizations. This

17 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

Northeast Brazil endemic (restricted to the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas), is treated
as Endangered in “Threatened Birds of the World”.
Rio de Janeiro Antbird Cercomacra brasiliana: An excellent performance by four individuals of this
rarely-encountered Brazilian endemic at Boa Nova. We sure heard the very different
calls. It is treated as Near Threatened in “Threatened Birds of the World”.
White-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena leuconota: Several observations of this widespread species in the
Murici reserve (pernambucensis). The females of the White-backed Fire-eye show a fair
bit of geographical variation (much more than males), a pattern that has been called
heterogynism.
White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera: Regularly encountered in the forests of southern
Bahia. Several excellent observations.
Fringe-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena atra: Brief looks only for some at this very localized species in a
patch of sandy soil forest in the small state of Sergipe. We all heard its distinctive voice.
Total numbers of this extremely rare species are minute (fewer than 1000) and it is
consequently treated as Critical in “Threatened Birds of the World”.
Slender Antbird Rhopornis ardesiaca: A smashing encounter with a male of this attractive species in
the mata-de-cipo at Boa Nova. Rhopornis is restricted to a small area in southern Bahia
and is only found where large terrestrial bromeliads (genus Aechmea) occur in dry
woodland. It is the only member of its genus and is treated as Endangered in “Threatened
Birds of the World”.
Scalloped Antbird Myrmeciza ruficauda: Superb views of this handsome species in the undergrowth
of the Murici reserve (nominate). Another eastern Brazil endemic, which is treated as
Endangered in “Threatened Birds of the World”.

FORMICARIIDAE
Rufous-capped Antthrush Formicarius colma (H): We heard the distinctive call in the forest at

Crasto.
Such’s Antthrush (Cryptic A) Chamaeza meruloides (H): This southeastern Brazil endemic was heard

distantly in the upper regions of the humid forest at Boa Nova.
White-browed Antpitta Hylopezus ochroleucus: Totally amazing looks at this diminutive, subtly-

coloured egg-on-legs in the dense forest of the Chapada do Araripe. We could not
believe our eyes as this immensely cute bird performed its peculiar swinging salsa dance
only metres from us in the open. This marvel of a bird is endemic to Northeast Brazil and
its magnificent performance resulted in it being voted Bird of the Trip. It is treated as
Near Threatened in “Threatened Birds of the World” and was the favourite species for
Simon, Pat, Peter, Maggie and Denzil.

CONOPOPHAGIDAE
Rufous Gnateater Conopophaga lineata: In the Serra de Baturité we had a great encounter with the

form cearae, which is sometimes considered a separate species: Caatinga Gnateater C.
cearae.
Black-cheeked Gnateater Conopophaga melanops: This very attractive endemic of eastern Brazil
cooperated very well at Murici (perspicillata). Exquisite looks at a marvel of a bird. Both
male and female performed very well.

RHINOCRYPTIDAE
Collared Crescentchest Melanopareia torquata: Perfect scope views in the scrub of the Chapada

Diamantina (nominate). A real stunner!!! Is it really a tapaculo?
Mouse-coloured Tapaculo Scytalopus speluncae (H): We heard a couple in the humid forest of Boa

Nova, but they wouldn’t budge.

18 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

COTINGIDAE
Black-headed Berryeater Carpornis melanocephalus: Good views of this eastern Brazil endemic in

the forest at Murici. It is treated as Vulnerable in “Threatened Birds of the World”.
Screaming Piha Lipaugus vociferans (H): We heard it a few times in the Murici forest. The voice of

the Neotropics!!

OXYRUNCIDAE
Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus: Perfect scope views for all of this decidedly different-looking species

in the humid forest at Boa Nova (nominate). We also heard its distinctive “falling bomb”
song. The Sharpbill has been the subject of considerable taxonomic interest. It is
sometimes treated as a monotypic family, but lately it has been considered to belong with
the cotingas.

PIPRIDAE
Band-tailed Manakin Pipra fasciicauda: Two males and a female showed very well in the Serra de

Baturité.
Red-headed Manakin Pipra rubrocapilla: This delightful critter was common in the Murici reserve. A

dazzling species.
White-crowned Manakin Pipra pipra: A female showed well in a patch of forest in coastal Bahia.
Araripe Manakin Antilophia bokermanni: Amazing eye-ball to eye-ball views of two gorgeous adult

males of this really spectacular manakin at the base of the Chapada do Araripe. The adult
male with its immaculate white plumage, black wings and bright crimson head has to be
seen to be believed. The species was only discovered a few years ago and has an
extremely tiny range in southern Ceará. The total population must be very small and it is
treated as Critical in “Threatened Birds of the World”. The bird of the trip for Mike and
Pete and the number three in the Bird of the Trip game.
Blue-backed Manakin Chiroxiphia pareola: Good looks at several males and females in the Murici
forest (nominate). Some good display was witnessed.
Swallow-tailed Manakin (Blue Manakin) Chiroxiphia caudata: Males and females regularly offered
splendid looks in the humid forest at Boa Nova.
Pin-tailed Manakin Ilicura militaris: Great scope views of a female plumaged bird of this highly
attractive species at Boa Nova. A Southeastern Brazil endemic and a monotypic genus.
White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus: The amazing lek at Murici, usually containing dozens
of birds and stretching over 200m along the main trail was rather quiet during our visit
(gutturosus). The firecracker-like snaps could regularly be heard. Great views of a
cracking male.
Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin Neopelma pallescens: This dull-coloured and unobtrusive manakin was
regularly encountered in the forests of the Chapada do Araripe.

TYRANNIDAE
Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus: Regular sightings (nominate). Remember the

quickly lifting of one wing up over the back!!
Drab-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant (Drab-breasted Bamboo-Tyrant) Hemitriccus diops: This skulker was

fairly common and quite visible in the humid forest at Boa Nova. Easily detected by
voice. An Atlantic Forest endemic.
White-eyed Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus zosterops: Another species that was almost always first
detected by voice (naumburgae). Regular in the Murici reserve.
Stripe-necked Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus striaticollis: Good views of several in the forest at Crasto
(nominate).

19 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

Hangnest Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus nidipendulus: This Southeastern Brazil endemic was seen very
well in the dry forest at Boa Nova (nominate). As far as is known all members of the
genus Hemitriccus have hanging nests, so this species has a not very well chosen name.

Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer: Several observations of the race
wuchereri. The splendid scientific epithet refers to the colour of the underparts. Margarita
= pearl, aceus = resembling, venter = belly.

Buff-breasted Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus mirandae: Three excellent encounters with this Northeast
Brazil endemic at Baturité. The creamy edgings to the tertials really stand out. This
species has a tiny range in Ceará, Pernambuco and Alagoas and is treated as Vulnerable
in “Threatened Birds of the World”.

Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum plumbeiceps: Great looks at this cutie in the Boa Nova
forest. An Atlantic Forest endemic.

Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum poliocephalum: This southeastern Brazil endemic showed
regularly in the wet forest at Boa Nova.

Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum: Regular encounters with the race cearae.
Planalto Tyrannulet Phyllomyias fasciatus: Many observations of this unobtrusive canopy-inhabitant

with its distinctive voice (cearae). In the Autumn 2007 Cotinga, the Journal of the
Neotropical Bird Club, there is a short communication on the second ever nest
documented of this species (in the state of Minas Gerais). Remember the occupied nest
we found of this species in the gardens of the Quilombo Park Hotel at Uñiao dos
Palmares!! And, in fact, Wally found a second nest nearby!! Just to illustrate how little
really is known about some of these so called common species!
Slender-footed Tyrannulet Zimmerius gracilipes: Very good looks at a bird at a forest edge in the
Serra de Baturité.
White-lored Tyrannulet Ornithion inerme: Brief looks at one high in the canopy at Araripe.
Southern Beardless Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum: Regular and sometimes quite confusing
(cinerascens).
Mouse-coloured Tyrannulet Phaeomyias murina: Too common in caatinga habitat (nominate).
Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola: A small party showed well in coastal Bahia.
Southern Scrub Flycatcher Sublegatus modestus: Four observations of the nominate race in caatinga
habitat.
Campo Suiriri Suiriri affinis: Excellent views of several in caatinga habitat (bahiae).
Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridicata: A single showed well at Baturité.
Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster: One of the more common members of the genus and of
the family (nominate).
Plain-crested Elaenia Elaenia cristata: Great looks at this unobtrusive species in the scrubby
grasslands of the Chapada Diamantina (nominate).
Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis: A few sightings of this confusing species (albivertex).
Highland Elaenia Elaenia obscura: Good looks at a single bird in the Chapada Diamantina.
White-crested Tyrannulet Serpophaga subcristata: Singles showed rather briefly in the scrub of the
Chapada Diamantina and at Boa Nova (straminea).
Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant Stigmatura napensis: Several in the Lagoa Grande caatinga (bahiae). Bizarre to
see them here in arid scrub, where some of my previous experiences with this species
were on river islands in the Rio Napo in eastern Ecuador. A likely split!!
Greater Wagtail-Tyrant Stigmatura budytoides: A single in the Canudos caatinga of northern Bahia
(the isolated race gracilis). Another isolated population, far removed from the chaco of
southern Bolivia, Paraguay and northern Argentina!!
Tawny-crowned Pygmy-Tyrant Euscarthmus meloryphus: Gorgeous views (!!) of this usually skulking
dapper little fellow in the Araripe caatinga (nominate).

20 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

Oustalet’s Tyrannulet Phylloscartes oustaleti: Regular observations of this tail-shivering species in the
humid forest at Boa Nova. Another Southeastern Brazil endemic, that is treated as Near
Threatened in “Threatened Birds of the World”. The bird is named after Emile Oustalet
(1844-1905), a French zoologist and author.

Long-tailed Tyrannulet (Alagoas T) Phylloscartes ceciliae (NL): Sadly, this uncommon Northeastern
Brazil endemic was only seen by one of us. It is treated as Critical in “Threatened Birds of
the World”.

Bahia Tyrannulet Phylloscartes beckeri: Fair views of this canopy inhabitant in the humid forest at
Boa Nova. A bird with a tiny range in eastern Bahia, which is obviously treated as
Endangered in “Threatened Birds of the World”.

Eared Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis auricularis: Great looks at this adorable, tiny critter at Boa Nova. An
Atlantic Forest endemic.

Yellow-olive Flycatcher (Yellow-olive Flatbill) Tolmomyias sulphurescens: Regular observations
(pallescens?).

Grey-crowned Flycatcher (Grey-crowned Flatbill) Tolmomyias poliocephalus: A few sightings of the
race sclateri.

Yellow-breasted Flycatcher (Yellow-breasted Flatbill) Tolmomyias flaviventris: Lots of excellent
encounters with this easily identified tyrannid (nominate).

Bran-coloured Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus: Regular encounters with this widespread species.
Yellow-rumped Flycatcher Myiobius mastacalis: Several observations. This is now an eastern Brazil

endemic, since the splitting up of the original Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher M. barbatus.
Remember the tawny breast.
Black-tailed Flycatcher Myiobius atricaudus: Regular encounters with this adorable fantail-like
flycatcher (snethlagei).
Swallow Flycatcher Hirundinea bellicosa: A few showed off on the cliff behind our hotel at Baturité
(nominate). This form is often lumped in Cliff Flycatcher H. ferruginea.
Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus: Three observations of this unobtrusive species
(nominate). It looks as if several species are involved in the Fuscous Flycatcher complex.
Euler’s Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri: Regular sightings of this unassuming mid storey inhabitant.
Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus : A few of the nominate race showed well in the humid forest at
Boa Nova.
White Monjita Xolmis irupero: Regular sightings of this magnificent creature. The population in
Northeast Brazil (race nivea) is disjunct and the birds are slightly smaller than in the
southern populations. The scientific epithet is a Guarani (Paraguayan) Indian name for
this cute species.
Velvety Black-Tyrant Knipolegus nigerrimus: Great looks at a pair in the higher reaches of the
Chapada Diamantina. An eastern Brazil endemic.
Black-backed Water-Tyrant Fluvicola albiventer: Regular encounters at ponds and marshes.
Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta: A common species, which is almost always found near
water (nominate). It shows a remarkable disjunct distribution: a small area in western
Ecuador and Peru and a large area in eastern Brazil.
White-headed Marsh-Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala: A handsome inhabitant of lakesides and
ponds.
Yellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa icterophrys: Good views of a single bird at Boa Nova. Distinctive!
Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus: This lovely flycatcher showed very well at Boa Nova (nominate).
There was also a confusing-looking youngster about.
Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus: Small numbers of the nominate race all over the circuit.
Grey-hooded Attila Attila rufus: We heard this Southeastern Brazil endemic at Boa Nova and
obtained incredible close up views. What a voice!!

21 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus: Good looks at this widespread species in the forest at Murici
(uropygialis).

Ash-throated Casiornis Casiornis fusca: Three excellent observations of this unobtrusive and easily
overlooked Northeast Brazil endemic.

Greyish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex: Regularly observed and heard in the remaining patches of
Atlantic Forest (nominate). Most of the observed birds had obvious white eyes, in contrast
to the Amazonian populations which have dark red to reddish brown eyes.

Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer: Two were seen in the Serra de Baturité.
Swainson’s Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni: Regular (nominate). Note the pale base to the lower

mandible.
Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox: Many of the race australis. Dark bills!!
Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus: A single observation in dry habitat (bahiae).
Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus: TK (race despotes).
Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana: A single was found in the grasslands of the Chapada

Diamantina.
Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius: Several excellent observations (nominate).
Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarhynchus pitangua: Always impressive (nominate). Highly distinctive

vocalizations. The one killing and devouring that large cicada at Araripe was really
impressive!
Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus: We found just a few birds of the race solitarius.
Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis: Seen most days in fair numbers (pallidiventris).
Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius: Several excellent observations of the nominate race.
Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus: One of the most distinctive calls of the Neotropics. Several
nests were also noted.
Thrush-like Schiffornis (T-l Mourner) Schiffornis turdinus: Brief views of one in the Murici reserve
(intermedius).
Greenish Schiffornis (G Mourner) Schiffornis virescens: Exquisite studies of this Atlantic Forest
endemic in the humid forest at Boa Nova.
White-naped Xenopsaris (Xenopsaris) Xenopsaris albinucha: Brief looks only of this much wanted
bird in the Pernambuco caatinga (nominate). This becard-like bird is placed in a
monotypic genus and its taxonomic affinities are still uncertain.
Green-backed Becard Pachyramphus viridis: Seen in great detail in the Murici area (nominate). A
cracker of a bird!!
Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus: Quite common in the Boa Nova forests and
also in the cocoa groves of coastal Bahia (nominate).
Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus: A female was seen in the Chapada Diamantina
forests (nominate).
Crested Becard Pachyramphus validus: A pair at their large nest in the gardens of our hotel near
Murici.

CORVIDAE
White-naped Jay Cyanocorax cyanopogon: Regular splendid looks at this Brazilian endemic. Usually

found in marauding flocks. The only corvid in this part of Brazil.

VIREONIDAE
Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis: A very common species in all the visited habitats

(cearensis).
Chivi Vireo Vireo chivi: Common all over our circuit. These resident birds are sometimes lumped in

Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus.

22 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

Grey-eyed Greenlet Hylophilus amaurocephalus: Regular and usually great sightings. An eastern
Brazilian endemic.

TURDIDAE
Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris: Common (juensis).
Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas: Regular observations in more woody habitat (nominate).
Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus: A single showed well in the Chapada Diamantina

area.

MIMIDAE
Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus: One of the more commonly-encountered species of

the tour (arenaceus).TROGLODYTIDAE
Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapillus: A couple of really nice encounters with this

attractive species. For many years Donacobius was considered a wren, but a recent
molecular study that sequenced nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Barker 2004) showed
that the assignment to wrens was conclusively excluded, as was assignment to any sister
group or to mimids. Rather, the molecular evidence showed a potential relationship with
Old World species, closest to white-eyes and prinias in the selected out-groups chosen. It
seems quite plausible that this unique taxa might be elevated to family status in the
future.
Thrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus: Scope views of a vociferous pair at the Graveteiro site
(nominate).
Moustached Wren Thryothorus genibarbis: Several superb sightings of this widespread species
(nominate). Many others were heard.
House Wren Troglodytes aedon: Common all over the tour (musculus).

POLIOPTILIDAE
Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus: Several observations of this canopy species

(nominate). Its song distracted us several times.
Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea: Many great looks at the race atricapilla.

HIRUNDINIDAE
White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer: Many of these pretty hirundines near water.
Brown-chested Martin Phaeoprogne tapera: Regular sightings in coastal Bahia.
Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea: Everywhere. In good light this really is a lovely bird.
Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca: Small numbers were recorded in Bahia

(nominate).
Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis: Regular observations of the nominate race.
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica: Just a few observations. Although Barn Swallows in South America

are mainly wintering birds from further north, small numbers have now been found
breeding in Argentina.

PASSERIDAE
House Sparrow Passer domesticus: Good numbers in towns and villages.

ESTRILDIDAE
Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild: Several encounters with these introduced cuties.

23 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

MOTACILLIDAE
Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens: Excellent scope views of a couple of birds in the grasslands near

Murici (nominate).

PARULIDAE
Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi (H): We heard the distinctive song a couple of times (nominate).

The Guarani Indian name pitiayumi for the Tropical Parula means ‘little yellow chest’.
Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis: Great looks at males in the Diamantina area and at

Boa Nova.
Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus: Fairly common, mainly by voice, at Baturité,

Murici and Boa Nova (auricapillus).
Flavescent Warbler Basileuterus flaveolus: Many heard and a few observed on or near the ground in

woodland (nominate). Often not shy at all.
River Warbler (Streamside W, Neotropical River W) Basileuterus rivularis (H): We heard the loud

song at Boa Nova, but no joy.

EMBERIZIDAE
Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis: Everywhere in small numbers (matutina).
Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis: These unobtrusive birds were seen a few times in the

more open areas (xanthornus).
Sao Francisco Sparrow Arremon franciscanus: Fantastic close up views of this recently described

species in the Diamantina caatinga. This attractive bird is endemic to east central Brazil
and is a close relative of the better known Saffron-billed Sparrow. Great to see it so well
in action. The species is not depicted in any field guide, but check out the following site
for a nice bit of video showing the characteristics of this species:
http://www.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/votacio.phtml?idVideo=19857&Arremon_franc
Pectoral Sparrow Arremon taciturnus: Regular splendid encounters with this attractive and rather
secretive species. More often heard than seen.
Red-cowled Cardinal Paroaria dominicana: Many fantastic observations of this common, and always
spectacular Northeast Brazil endemic.
Bananaquit Coereba flaveola: We found them here, we found them there, we found them
everywhere, but in small numbers only (alleni).
Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum: Good looks on several occasions (nominate).
Bicoloured Conebill Conirostrum bicolor: Good views of two in the mangroves near Salvador.
Cinnamon Tanager Schistochlamys ruficapillus: A few in the bushy grasslands of the Chapada
Diamantina (capistrata). Restricted to Brazil.
Scarlet-throated Tanager Compsothraupis loricata: Fantastic scope studies of this really smart bird in
the caatinga near Lagoa Grande and also near Boa Nova. It is invariably found in small
parties that may wander over huge areas and its closest relative seems to be the
spectacular White-capped Tanager Sericosypha albocristata of the northern Andes. The
gorgeous Scarlet-throated Tanager is a Northeast Brazil endemic, which behaves more
like an icterid than a tanager.
Orange-headed Tanager Thlypopsis sordida: A few observations in shrubby areas (nominate).
Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira: Regular observations of this beauty (nominate). Always a delight
to watch. Guira is a Guarani (Paraguayan) Indian word meaning “bird”.
Rufous-headed Tanager Hemithraupis ruficapilla: Several observations of this cute Brazilian endemic.
Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata: Regular encounters with the race caerulea. Yellow eyes!!
Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus: Just a few sightings of this spectacular species
(brunnens).
White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus: Fairly common all over our route.

24 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007

Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis melanops: A few showed quite well in the humid forest at Boa
Nova. Yellow crown and white patches in the wing!!

Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica: Good looks at a female in the humid forest at Boa Nova
(bahiae).

Lowland Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava: Male and female showed well in the flowering trees of the
Chapada Diamantina.

Brazilian Tanager Ramphocelus bresilius: This spectacular stunner was beautifully observed at Boa
Nova (nominate). What an incredible bird!! Not a real Brazilian endemic, as there are a
few observations in Misiones (northeast Argentina).

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca: Fair numbers all over (nominate).
Azure-shouldered Tanager Thraupis cyanoptera: Two showed well at Boa Nova. A subtly attractive

Brazilian endemic.
Golden-chevroned Tanager Thraupis ornata: Good looks at a couple in the Graveteiro cocoa grove.

An eastern Brazil endemic.
Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum: Very common (nominate).
Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica: Quite common in caatinga habitat.
Violaceus Euphonia Euphonia violacea: Regular observations (auranticollis).
Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster: A few were noted in the forest at Boa Nova.
Chestnut-bellied Euphonia Euphonia pectoralis: Several of these smart canopy-dwellers at Boa Nova.
Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon: A party of these very attractive birds spoilt our

concentration while we were trying to study the Graveteiros. An Atlantic Forest endemic.
Turquoise Tanager Tangara mexicana: We noted several of these lovely birds in the forests of coastal

Bahia. Here of the white-bellied Atlantic Forest race brasiliensis.
Red-necked Tanager Tangara cyanocephala: This superb tanager was quite common at Baturité

(cearensis) and was also noted in coastal Bahia (corallina).
Gilt-edged Tanager Tangara cyanoventris: This gorgeous species was regular at Boa Nova. A

Southeastern Brazil endemic.
Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana: Common in more open habitat (flava).
Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana: Everywhere in small numbers (paraguayensis).
Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza: Just a few, but great views nevertheless (axillaris).
Red-legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus: Several great looks at this stylish bird in coastal Bahia

(holti).
Pileated Finch (Grey P-F) Coryphospingus pileatus: Regular observations in the drier caatinga of

Pernambuco and northern Bahia (nominate). Really gorgeous when they erect their bright
red crests!!
Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola: Just a few of the race brasiliensis on our last morning.
Buff-throated Pampa-Finch (Pale-throated Serra-Finch) Embernagra longicauda: Great studies of this
eastern Brazil endemic in the shrubby grasslands of the Chapada Diamantina. The
species does not show a buff throat and does not occur in pampa habitat, so the name is
totally misleading. Pale-throated Serra-Finch is much more accurate. This species is
treated as Near Threatened in “Threatened Birds of the World”, BirdLife International’s
magnus opus on the sad fate of 10% of the world’s avifauna.
Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina: Common (nominate).
Plumbeous Seedeater Sporophila plumbea: A male showed well in the grasslands of the Chapada
Diamantina.
Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis: Regular observations of the nominate race. Some of
the males showed almost pure white bellies and reminded us of the more southerly
Dubois’ Seedeater?!
Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens: A single male showed well in coastal Bahia.

25 Birdquest: Northeast Brazil 2007