Luis De Alcazar S.J. PRETERISM - Facts Of Faith

Luis De Alcazar S.J.

PRETERISM

Another counter-interpretation to the
Historicism held by Protestantism was
proposed by the Spanish Jesuit Luis
De Alcazar (1554-1613), who also
wrote a commentary called
Investigation of the Hidden Sense of
the Apocalypse, which ran to some
900 pages. In it he proposed that it all
of Revelation applied to the era of
pagan Rome and the first six centuries
of Christianity. According to Alcazar
(or Alcasar):

• Revelation chapters 1-11
describes the rejection of the
Jews and the destruction of
Jerusalem by the Romans.

• Revelation chapters 12 - 19
were the overthrow of Roman
paganism (the great harlot) and
the conversion of the empire to
the church.

• Revelation 20 describe the
final persecutions by
Antichrist, who is identified as
Cæsar Nero (54-68 A.D.), and
judgment.

• Revelation 21 -22 describe the
triumph of the New Jerusalem,
the Roman Catholic Church.

Again, Alcazar found no application of prophecy to the middle ages or to the papacy.
That his interpretation differed so greatly from that put forth by Francisco Ribera or
Cardinal Bellarmine, mattered little. Catholicism, the supposedly divine and infallible
interpreter of scripture, was presenting two vastly different and quite incompatible
interpretations of prophecy in a desperate effort to counter the claims of the reformers.

THE GREAT CATHOLIC DIVERSION REVEALED

The intent of both Futurism and Preterism was to be diversionary, to counter or offset the
Protestant Historical interpretation, and present alternatives, no matter how implausible
they might be. The result is evident from the following chart, which illustrates the three
schools of interpretation regarding antichrist:

THE REIGN OF ANTICHRIST

ANTICHRIST IS MOVED EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD IN TIME

Ribera's Futurism Puts the Antichrist Into A Future Three and One-half Literal Years.
Alcazar's Preterism Identifies the Antichrist as Nero.

Both of Them Put Antichrist Outside the Middle Ages and the Reformation Period,
Identified by Protestant Historicists as Antichrist's Reign of 1260 Prophetic Years.

Now the truly amazing part of all this is that the Futurist theory dominates Protestant
teaching today. About all you hear or read about today is the yet-to-appear antichrist, who
will be unveiled in the last 3 1/2 years of Daniel's 70th week, when he declares himself to
be God in a rebuilt temple in Jerusalem. That scenario, as you can now see, is directly
traceable back to the pen of the Jesuit Francisco Ribera. Note what one Protestant writer
had to Next we come to consider the time of the rise of the Futurist system as we now
have it, and the occasion which led to it.

So great a hold did the conviction that the Papacy was the Antichrist gain upon the
minds of men, that Rome at last saw she must bestir herself, and try, by putting forth
other systems of interpretation, to counteract the identification of the Papacy with the
Antichrist.

Accordingly, towards the close of the century of the Reformation, two of her most
learned doctors set themselves to the task, each endeavouring by different means to
accomplish the same end, namely, that of diverting men's minds from perceiving the

fulfilment of the prophecies of the Antichrist in the Papal system. The Jesuit Alcasar
devoted himself to bring into prominence the Preterist method of interpretation, which
we have already briefly noticed, and thus endeavoured to show that the prophecies of
Antichrist were fulfilled before the Popes ever ruled in Rome, and therefore could not
apply to the Papacy. On the other hand the Jesuit Ribera tried to set aside the application
of these prophecies to the Papal Power by bringing out the Futurist system, which asserts
that these prophecies refer properly not to the career of the Papacy, but to that of some
future supernatural individual, who is yet to appear, and to continue in power for three
and a half years. Thus, as Alford says, the Jesuit Ribera, about A.D. 1580, may be
regarded as the Founder of the Futurist system in modern times. say over one hundred
years ago:

It is a matter for deep regret that those who hold and advocate the Futurist system at the
present day, Protestants as they are for the most part, are thus really playing into the
hands of Rome, and helping to screen the Papacy from detection as the Antichrist. It has
been well said that "Futurism tends to obliterate the brand put by the Holy Spirit upon
Popery." More especially is this to be deplored at a time when the Papal Antichrist seems
to be making an expiring effort to regain his former hold on men's minds. Now once
again, as at the Reformation, it is especially necessary that his true character should be
recognized, by all who would be faithful to "the testimony of Jesus."

From Daniel and the Revelation: The Chart of Prophecy and Our Place In It, A Study of
the Historical and Futurist Interpretation, by Joseph Tanner, published in London by
Hodder and Stoughton, 1898, pages 16,17.

In what could only be described as a stunning reversal, Protestants have over time
actually become the papacy's greatest ally by spreading its Jesuit spawned propaganda.
What irony that Protestants, who originally broke away from what they clearly
recognized to be the harlot antichrist led church of prophecy, now champion the Futurist
interpretation from high profile global ministries. Futurism has without doubt, been
successful beyond the wildest dreams of its Jesuit authors. The same can be said for the
Preterist interpretation of Luis De Alcazar, although to a lesser degree.

What Does the Word Vatican Mean?

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia online:

"The territory on the right bank of the Tiber between Monte Mario and Gianicolo
(Janiculum) was known to antiquity as the Ager Vaticanus, and, owing to its marshy
character, the low-lying portion of this district enjoyed an ill repute. The origin of the
name Vaticanus is uncertain; some claim that the name comes from a vanished Etruscan
town called Vaticum." [Ager in Latin means land]

However, according to a Vatican curator:

"The Vatican Hill takes it name from the Latin word Vaticanus, a vaticiniis ferendis, in
allusion to the oracles, or Vaticinia, which were anciently delivered here."
Sources: Compendious Description of the Museums of Ancient Sculpture, Greek and
Roman, in the Vatican Palace, by Cav. H. J. Massi, First Curator of the Vatican
Museums and Galleries, Paleographer and Professor of the Italian and French Languages,
Rome, Third Edition, 1889, Title page, page 7.
Compendious Description of the Museums of Ancient Sculpture, Greek and Roman, in the
Vatican Palace, by Cav. H. J. Massi, First Curator of the Vatican Museums and Galleries,
Paleographer and Professor of Languages, Rome, Sixth Edition, 1901, Title page, page
5.
Aulus Gellius, writing in the 2nd century, also said the word Vatican was derived from
the word vaticinia, or prophecies, in his Attic Nights, book 16, chapter 17.
Source: The Attic Nights of Aulus Gellius, translated into English by the Rev. William
Beloe, Volume III, London, 1795, Title page, page 247, page 248.
Research the word Vatican in many Latin - English / English - Latin dictionaries, or
encyclopedias, and you will likely find that Vatican City and St. Peter's Basilica of the
Roman Catholic Church were built upon what was called in Latin vaticanus mons or
vaticanus collis. The words mons and collis mean hill or mountain. You will also find in
the dictionaries that the words vatic / vates / vatis all relate to prophecy as shown here:

Source: The New College Latin and English Dictionary, revised and enlarged, by John C.
Traupman, Ph.D., published and copyrighted by Bantam Books, 1995, ISBN 0-553-
57301-2, page 437.
Note that there are five words listed above containing vatic, and all relate to prophecy.
The word vatic and its association to prophecy can even be found in a standard English
dictionary:

Source: Webster's II New Riverside Dictionary, Home and Office Edition, published in
1995 by Longmeadow Press, Copyright 1988 by Houghton Mifflin Company, ISBN 0-
681-20227-0, page 458.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online

And here is what you would find in a Latin - English dictionary for the suffix -anus:

Source: The New College Latin and English Dictionary, revised and enlarged, by John C.
Traupman, Ph.D., published and copyrighted by Bantam Books, 1995, ISBN 0-553-
57301-2, page 60.

Vaticanus then is a combination of Vatic + anus, just as Romanus is a combination of
Rome + anus. Therefore, vaticanus collis or vaticanus mons mean "the prophetic hill or
mountain", which can be rephrased as the hill or mountain of prophecy. The word
Vatican is just a shortened form of the word Vaticanus, just like Claudian is a shortened
form of Claudianus, as shown above. This association of the Vatican with prophecy is
even confirmed by this recent Catholic book:

Where does the word "Vatican" come from and what does it mean?

The word derives from the Latin vates, which means "tellers of the future." This name
was the name given to a hillside on the west bank of the Tiber River in Rome because
daily lineups of fortunetellers used to hawk their "wares" there to passersby on the street.
In the fourteenth century, when the papacy was returned to Rome from Avignon
(France), the present-day Vatican became the residence of the popes, and the word came
to refer to the enclave in the middle of Rome that had become the seat of the Roman
Catholic Church.

Source: Incredible Book of Vatican Facts and Papal Curiosities, by Nino Lo Bello,
Liguori Publications, Copyright 1998, ISBN 0-7648-0171-6, page 135.

Here is a verse from the Latin Vulgate Bible and King James as an example of the use of
vatic (emphasis is mine):
12 et intellexi quod Deus non misisset eum sed quasi vaticinans locutus esset ad me et
Tobia et Sanaballat conduxissent eum
Neh 6:12 And, lo, I perceived that God had not sent him; but that he pronounced this
prophecy against me: for Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him.
Now, note the following coins minted in Vatican City from 1955 to 1965 under three
Popes. The inscription on the reverse side of the coin reads in Italian "CITTÁ DEL
VATICANO", which as we can now see, means City of Prophecy.

CITTÁ DEL VATICANO - CITY OF PROPHECY

Pope Pius the 12th - 1958

Pope John the 23rd - 1959

Pope Paul the 6th - 1963

To get a closer look at a coin, click on it.

Rev 17:18 And the woman which thou sawest is that great city, which reigneth over
the kings of the earth.

There is also a woman on the reverse side, and at her feet is her title, FIDES, which
means faith. This woman is symbolic of the Roman Catholic faith, or Roman Catholic
Church.

Here is a statue of
a woman
portraying the
same symbolism of
the Catholic
Church or Catholic
faith that decorates
the monument to
Pope Clement IX
(1667-69), which
was placed to the
right side of the
nave entrance of
the basilica Santa
Maria Maggiore in
Rome in 1671.

From a photo by Interestingly, the
Gabinetto Fotographico Nazionale word anus in Latin
also means "old
woman", so
Vaticanus is a
combination two
words that also
result in The Old

Woman of
Prophecy, this
woman being
symbolic of the
Catholic Church.

It is important to note that in the symbolic woman's hand, is
a cup, as illustrated above on the coins, and just barely
visible with the statue above and at right. The depiction of
the Catholic faith (FIDES) as a woman holding a cup
appears to be quite common, and yet is apparently unique
to the Catholic Church.

There is a remarkable and direct correlation to these
depictions of the Catholic faith as a woman, and the woman
described in Revelation 17, as will be demonstrated.

Fides in stucco,
Santa Maria Vallicella, Rome.

A Woman In Prophecy Symbolizes A Church

In scripture a woman is used symbolically to depict the church, and the faithful church of
saints is described as the bride of Christ:

2 Cor 11:2 For I am jealous over you with godly jealousy: for I have espoused you to one
husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ.

Rev 19:7 Let us be glad and rejoice, and give honour to him: for the marriage of the
Lamb is come, and his wife hath made herself ready.
Rev 19:8 And to her was granted that she should be arrayed in fine linen, clean and
white: for the fine linen is the righteousness of saints.

And a godly woman's appearance is clearly described in scripture:

1 Tim 2:9 In like manner also, that women adorn themselves in modest apparel, with
shamefacedness and sobriety; not with broided hair, or gold, or pearls, or costly array;
1 Tim 2:10 But (which becometh women professing godliness) with good works.

1 Pet 3:3 Whose adorning let it not be that outward adorning of plaiting the hair, and of
wearing of gold, or of putting on of apparel;
1 Pet 3:4 But let it be the hidden man of the heart, in that which is not corruptible, even
the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price.
1 Pet 3:5 For after this manner in the old time the holy women also, who trusted in God,
adorned themselves,

Rev 12:1 And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; a woman clothed with the sun,
and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars:
Rev 12:2 And she being with child cried, travailing in birth, and pained to be delivered.

The symbol of the sun:

Mal 4:2 But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness [Christ] arise with
healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall.

Psa 119:172 My tongue shall speak of thy word: for all thy commandments are
righteousness.

The symbol of the moon:

Psa 89:37 It shall be established for ever as the moon, and as a faithful witness
[testimony] in heaven.

John 5:39 Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life: and they are
they which testify of me.

The symbol of the stars:

Rev 1:20 The mystery of the seven stars which thou sawest in my right hand, and the
seven golden candlesticks. The seven stars are the angels [messengers] of the seven
churches: and the seven candlesticks which thou sawest are the seven churches.

Dan 12:3 And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they
that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever.

So the woman of Revelation 12, the true church, is clothed with the righteousness of
Christ, keeping the commandments of God, standing as a faithful witness upon the word
of God, the scriptures, crowned with the gospel message of the 12 apostles, the new
covenant representation of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Rev 12:17 And the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the
remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of
Jesus Christ.

The Apostate Church

However, the woman described in Revelation 17 represents an apostate church, the direct
opposite of the true and faithful church represented by the woman described in
Revelation 12. While the Roman Catholic Church readily and willingly identifies itself as
the woman of Revelation 12, the bride of Christ, it is precisely and graphically described
in Revelation 17, as we shall see.

Rev 17:1 ... Come hither; I will show unto thee the judgment of the great whore that
sitteth upon many waters:
Rev 17:2 With whom the kings of the earth have committed fornication, and the
inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her fornication.

Church and State

Rev 17:3 So he carried me away in the spirit
into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit
upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names
of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten
horns.

The woman of Revelation 17 rides a symbolic beast. A beast in scripture is symbolic of
an empire or state. Examples of this are explained in Daniel 7, where a lion represented
Babylon, a bear represented Medo-Persia, and a leopard represented Greece. Therefore,
the woman of Revelation 17 riding a beast is symbolic of the combining of the
ecclesiastical power of church (the woman) and political power of the state (the beast),
i.e., a church in control of state power.

Rev 17:18 And the woman which thou sawest is that great city, which reigneth over the
kings of the earth.

The Vatican City is the seat of the Roman Catholic Church, and since the Lateran
Concordat of 1929 it is also an independent country, the epitome of Church and State
combined. The full formal diplomatic title in Italian is STATO DELLA CITTÁ DEL
VATICANO, as shown on the coin below from the pontificate of Pope Pius the 12th,
which means:

The City-State of Prophecy

Vatican 2 Lira coin minted in 1940

A woman (church) dressed in scarlet and purple.

Rev 17:4 And the woman was
arrayed in purple and scarlet colour,
and decked with gold and precious
stones and pearls, having a golden cup
in her hand full of abominations and
filthiness of her fornication:

Here you see the Pope wearing scarlet and an
Archbishop wearing reddish-purple.

Photo by Arturo Mari.

Pope John Paul II celebrated mass in
the Basilica of the Resurrection in
Jerusalem on Sunday, March 26th
2000, dressed in a purple Lenten robe
and a miter trimmed with scarlet red.
For more photos, see this page at the
Franciscan Cyberspot.

On the12th of March 2000, during the Papal Apology Mass, the pope and other members
of the Roman Catholic priesthood wore various shades of violet/purple because it also
occurred during the Catholic festival of Lent, when the penitential color of purple is
traditionally worn.

© 2000 by CTV © 2000 by CTV

Cardinal Edward Cassidy, president of the
Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian
Unity, also participated in the
unprecedented event at the Vatican, during
which Pope John Paul II asked for
forgiveness for the various persecution sins
committed by Roman Catholics over the last
two millennium. Cardinal Cassidy and other
prominent Cardinals wore both prophesied
colors of scarlet and purple!

Below are photos from the October 31st, 1999 signing of the Joint Declaration on
Justification by Faith between the Roman Catholic and Lutheran World Federation
(LWF) Churches in Augsburg Germany. The Roman Catholics were boldly wearing the
prophesied colors of scarlet and purple.

Image by Frank Imhoff, Dressed in scarlet red is
courtesy ELCA News and Information Cardinal Edward
Cassidy, president of the
Pontifical Council for
Promoting Christian
Unity. On the right
wearing purple is Bishop
Walter Kasper, secretary,
Pontifical Council for
Promoting Christian
Unity. Seated on the left
in black is Rev. Christian
Krause, the Lutheran
World Federation
president.

In this photo of the audience at the
ceremony in Augsburg, the Catholic
cardinals are wearing scarlet red and
the Catholic bishops are wearing
purple. Cardinal Cassidy is in the
center with Rev. Krause seated to his
left (right in the photo).

Image by Frank Imhoff,
courtesy ELCA News and Information

Photo by Arturo Mari. Priests of the Catholic Church regularly
wear red vestments on Good Friday,
Palm Sunday, Pentecost, Birthday Feasts
of the Apostles and Evangelists, and the
Feasts of Martyrs. Purple vestments are
worn on Advent, Lent, and at Funerals,
although other colors are optional on
some of those days. Other approved
colors are white, green, black and rose
and gold. A distinctive shade of bright
orange-red designated officially by the
Church as "scarlet" is frequently worn
by Cardinals of the Catholic Church.
Here you see Archbishops and Bishops

in purples and Cardinals in scarlet.

A traditional "Red Mass" is also held for Supreme Court Justices in the United States, on
the Sunday prior to the opening of the Supreme Court session. The Red Mass is an
English tradition that was instituted about 1310 during the reign of King Edward II.

Red Mass - Ordinarily this relates to the color of the vestment used on the occasion of
the Votive Mass in honor of the Holy Spirit, celebrated at the opening of councils,
deliberative groups, schools, and such similar occasions when guidance is invoked.
Frequently, at the beginning of a judicial year, such as a Mass is attended by judges and
court officials for any civil court or legislative assembly with the intention that they
might exercise equity and prudence while fulfilling their official capacities.

Source: Dictionary of the Liturgy, by Jovian P. Lang, OFM, copyright 1989 by Catholic
Book Publishing Co., N.Y., ISBN 0-89942-273-X, page 541.

The Harlot Church's Missing Color

The garments of the high priest of Israel, according to the Bible, contained specific
colors:

Exo 28:3 And thou shalt speak unto all that are wise hearted, whom I have filled with the
spirit of wisdom, that they may make Aaron's garments to consecrate him, that he may
minister unto me in the priest's office.
Exo 28:4 And these are the garments which they shall make; a breastplate, and an ephod,
and a robe, and a broidered coat, a mitre, and a girdle: and they shall make holy garments
for Aaron thy brother, and his sons, that he may minister unto me in the priest's office.
Exo 28:5 And they shall take gold, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen.
Exo 28:6 And they shall make the ephod of gold, of blue, and of purple, of scarlet, and
fine twined linen, with cunning work.
Exo 28:7 It shall have the two shoulder pieces thereof joined at the two edges thereof;
and so it shall be joined together.
Exo 28:8 And the curious girdle of the ephod, which is upon it, shall be of the same,
according to the work thereof; even of gold, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine
twined linen.

Exo 28:31 And thou shalt make the robe of the ephod all of blue.

Exo 39:1 And of the blue, and purple, and scarlet, they made cloths of service, to do
service in the holy place, and made the holy garments for Aaron; as the LORD
commanded Moses.
Exo 39:2 And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined
linen.

In comparison, the garments of the high priest include the color blue, which is notably
absent in the description of the woman of Revelation 17.:

Rev 17:4 And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with
gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations
and filthiness of her fornication:

The Bible even tells us the spiritual meaning of the color blue:

Num 15:38 Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid them
that they make them fringes in the borders of their garments
throughout their generations, and that they put upon the
fringe of the borders a ribband of blue:
Num 15:39 And it shall be unto you for a fringe, that ye
may look upon it, and remember all the commandments of
the LORD, and do them; and that ye seek not after your own
heart and your own eyes, after which ye use to go a
whoring:
Num 15:40 That ye may remember, and do all my
commandments, and be holy unto your God.

Deu 22:12 Thou shalt make thee fringes upon the four
quarters of thy vesture, wherewith thou coverest thyself.

In Numbers 15, the context for the blue tassels or ribbands
is intentional sinning (Num 15:30-31) and breaking the
sabbath commandment (Num 15:32-36). Note that there is
no mention of repentance by the man who was gathering
sticks, he was breaking the sabbath intentionally in open
defiance of the law. For that he was put to death.

This practice of blue in tassels survives today in the Jewish prayer shawl, known as a
tallit. The tassel with the ribband of blue on the four corners of the tallit is called a tzitzit,
and one is shown above.

Why blue? It is understood that the tablets of the Ten
Commandments were cut from the clear blue sapphire seen
on mount Sinai (Exo 24:10), which makes up the very
throne of God (Eze 1:26, 10:1). So, the Ark of the Covenant
in the most holy apartment of the sanctuary, the throne of
God's presence (the Shekinah glory), contained the blue
sapphire tablets of the Ten Commandments.

Healing in his Wings

Mal 4:2 But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing
in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall.

Malachi 4:2 is a messianic prophecy, it is speaking of Jesus Christ. So what does healing
in his wings mean? The word translated "wings" is H3671:

H3671. kanaph, kaw-nawf'; from H3670; an edge or extremity; spec. (of a bird or army) a
wing, (of a garment or bed-clothing) a flap, (of the earth) a quarter, (of a building) a
pinnacle:-- + bird, border, corner, end, feather [-ed], X flying, + (one an-) other,
overspreading, X quarters, skirt, X sort, uttermost part, wing ([-ed]).

So Malachi was really saying that the Messiah would have healing in the edge or fringe
of His garment. This was what was understood by the people of Israel. How do we know
that?

Mat 14:35 And when the men of that place had knowledge of him [Jesus], they sent out
into all that country round about, and brought unto him all that were diseased;
Mat 14:36 And besought him that they might only touch the hem of his garment: and as
many as touched were made perfectly whole.

Mat 9:20 And, behold, a woman, which was diseased with an issue of blood twelve years,
came behind him, and touched the hem of his garment:
Mat 9:21 For she said within herself, If I may but touch his garment, I shall be whole.
Mat 9:22 But Jesus turned him about, and when he saw her, he said, Daughter, be of good
comfort; thy faith hath made thee whole. And the woman was made whole from that
hour.

See also Mark 5:25-34 and Luke 8:43-48.

The fringe or tassel of Christ's garment undoubtedly included the sapphire blue ribband
as directed in Numbers 15:38-39 as mentioned above, that symbolized the
commandments of God. That is why the woman sought so earnestly to touch that hem or
fringe. She knew Malachi's prophecy, and in faith she made her way through the crowd to
claim that healing.

So regarding the whoring harlot church, though she claims to be God's representative on
earth, the missing color blue in her description indicates that she defiantly disregards and
transgresses the law of God. One of the characteristics of the antichrist power is
lawlessness:

[NIV] 2 Th 2:3 Don't let anyone deceive you in any way, for that day will not come until
the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the man doomed to
destruction.

[NIV] 2 Th 2:7 For the secret power of lawlessness is already at work; but the one who
now holds it back will continue to do so till he is taken out of the way.

And, note what the antichrist little horn power tries to change:

Dan 7:25 And he [little horn] shall speak great words against the most High, and shall
wear out the saints of the most High, and think to change times and laws [of the most
High]: and they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and the dividing of
time.

The only one of the ten commandments of God that deals with time is the sabbath
commandment (Exo. 20:8-11), which the Catholic Church claims to have changed, from
Saturday the seventh day, to Sunday, the first day of the week:

2175 Sunday is expressly distinguished from the sabbath which it follows
chronologically every week; for Christians its ceremonial observance replaces that of the
sabbath.

Source: Catechism of the Catholic Church, published by Liguori Publications,
English translation copyright 1994 by the United States Catholic Conference, Inc.--
Libreria Editrice Vaticana, bearing the Imprimi Potest of Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, page
524.

See The Seal of God and the Mark of the Beast and Sunday is not the Sabbath!

For a striking contrast, note how the true church, symbolized by the woman of Revelation
12, is described:

Rev 12:17 And the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the
remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of
Jesus Christ.

THE ULTIMATE FATE OF THE HARLOT DAUGHTER

Lev 21:9 And the daughter of any priest, if she profane herself by playing the whore, she
profaneth her father: she shall be burnt with fire.

Rev 17:16 And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, these shall hate the
whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with
fire.

Blasphemy

Bishops and priests being, as they are, God's interpreters and ambassadors, empowered in
His name to teach mankind the divine law and the rules of conduct, and holding, as they
do, His place on earth, it is evident that no nobler function than theirs can be imagined.
Justly, therefore, are they called not only Angels, but even gods, because of the fact that
they exercise in our midst the power and prerogatives of the immortal God.

In all ages, priests have been held in the highest honor; yet the priests of the New
Testament far exceed all others. For the power of consecrating and offering the body and
blood of our Lord and of forgiving sins, which has been conferred on them, not only has
nothing equal or like it on earth, but even surpasses human reason and understanding.

Source: The Catechism of the Council of Trent (The Roman Catechism), translated by
John A McHugh, O.P., S.T.M., LITT.D. and Charles J. Callan, O.P., S.T.M., LITT.D.,
published by Tan Books and Publishers, Inc., Copyright 1992, Rockford, Illinois, 61105,
Sacrament of Holy Orders, Dignity of this Sacrament, page 318.

Power of Consecrating

The third great power of the priestly office is the climax of all. It is the power of
consecrating. "No act is greater," says saint Thomas, "than the consecration of the body
of Christ." In this essential phase of the sacred ministry, the power of the priest is not
surpassed by that of the bishop, the archbishop, the cardinal or the pope. Indeed it is
equal to that of Jesus Christ. For in this role the priest speaks with the voice and the
authority of God Himself.

When the priest pronounces the tremendous words of consecration, he reaches up into the
heaven, brings Christ down from His throne, and places Him upon our altar to be offered
up again as the victim for the sins of man. It is a power greater than that of monarchs and
emperors. It is greater than that of saints and angels, greater than that of Seraphim and
Cherubim. Indeed, it is greater than the power of the Virgin Mary. While the blessed
virgin was the human agency by which Christ became incarnate a single time, the priest
brings Christ down from heaven, and renders Him present on our altar as the eternal
victim for the sins of man-not once, but, a thousand times! The priest speaks and lo!
Christ the eternal and omnipotent God, bows His head in humble obedience to the priest's
command.

[pg.271] Of what sublime dignity is the office of the Christian priest who is thus
privileged to act as the ambassador and the vicegerent of Christ on earth. He continues
the essential ministry of Christ - he teaches the faithful with the authority of Christ, he
offers up again the same sacrifice of adoration and atonement which Christ offered on
Calvary. No wonder that the name which spiritual writers are especially fond of applying
to the priest is that of "alter Christus." For the priest is and should be another Christ.

Source: Faith of Millions, by Reverend John A. O'brien, Copyright 1938, published by
Our Sunday Visitor, Huntington Indiana, page 270, 271.

Thus the priest may, in a certain manner, be called the creator of his Creator, ...

"The power of the priest," says St. Bernadine of Sienna, "is the power of the divine
person; for the transubstantiation of the bread requires as much power as the creation of
the world."

As the Word of God created heaven and earth, so, says St. Jerome, the words of the priest
create Jesus Christ.

Source: The Dignity and Duties of the Priest or Selva, by St. Alphonsus de Liguori,
translated from the Italian, edited by Eugene Grimm, copyright 1927 by Very Rev. James
Barron, C.SS.R, pgs. 32, 33.

Decked with Gold and Precious Stones and Pearls

Rev 17:4 And the woman was
arrayed in purple and scarlet
colour, and decked with gold
and precious stones and
pearls, having a golden cup in
her hand full of abominations
and filthiness of her
fornication:

At right is a jewel encrusted gold and silver
triple-tiara of Pope Pius IX, one of as many a
dozen such tri-regno crowns in the Vatican
treasury. For more photos of papal tiaras, see

Papal Claims to Authority.

The Cup of Doctrinal Fornication
The Wine of Babylon is the Precept of Men

Rev 17:4 And the woman was
arrayed in purple and scarlet
colour, and decked with gold and
precious stones and pearls,
having a golden cup in her hand
full of abominations and
filthiness of her fornication:

Five hundred diamonds encrust this

golden chalice, a gift of Sultan

Abdul Medji for Pope Pius IX’s

election, and first used by Pius IX

Pope John Paul II holding a chalice of Pope Pius IX. on December 8th, 1854, at the
Mass proclaiming the Immaculate
© by CTV

Conception of Mary.

Pope John Paul II, dressed in purple,
holds a golden cup during the Papal
Apology Mass on March 12th, 2000.
Some Cardinals in attendance wore both
prophetic colors of purple and scarlet (see
above).

© 2000 by CTV

Jer 51:6 Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and deliver every man his soul: be not cut off
in her iniquity; for this is the time of the LORD'S vengeance; he will render unto her a
recompense.
Jer 51:7 Babylon hath been a golden cup in the LORD'S hand, that made all the
earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are
mad.

Isa 28:7 But they also have erred through wine, and through strong drink are out of the
way; the priest and the prophet have erred through strong drink, they are swallowed up
of wine, they are out of the way through strong drink; they err in vision, they stumble
in judgment.
Isa 28:8 For all tables are full of vomit and filthiness, so that there is no place clean.
Isa 28:9 Whom shall he teach knowledge? and whom shall he make to understand
doctrine?

Isa 29:9 Stay yourselves, and wonder; cry ye out, and cry: they are drunken, but not
with wine; they stagger, but not with strong drink.
Isa 29:10 For the LORD hath poured out upon you the spirit of deep sleep, and hath
closed your eyes: the prophets and your rulers, the seers hath he covered.
Isa 29:11 And the vision of all is become unto you as the words of a book that is sealed,
which men deliver to one that is learned, saying, Read this, I pray thee: and he saith, I
cannot; for it is sealed:
Isa 29:12 And the book is delivered to him that is not learned, saying, Read this, I pray
thee: and he saith, I am not learned.
Isa 29:13 Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw near me with their
mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, and
their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men:
Isa 29:14 Therefore, behold, I will proceed to do a marvellous work among this people,
even a marvellous work and a wonder: for the wisdom of their wise men shall perish, and
the understanding of their prudent men shall be hid.

Mat 15:8 This people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth, and honoureth me with
their lips; but their heart is far from me.
Mat 15:9 But in vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of
men.

Rev 18:2 And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is
fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage
of every unclean and hateful bird.
Rev 18:3 For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and
the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth
are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.
Rev 18:4 And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her, my people,
that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues.
Rev 18:5 For her sins have reached unto heaven, and God hath remembered her
iniquities.
Rev 18:6 Reward her even as she rewarded you, and double unto her double according to
her works: in the cup which she hath filled fill to her double.

The cup illustrated on the three Vatican coins at the top of this article, and in the hand of
the other symbolic depictions of FIDES, is the golden cup of wine of the Mass. Above it
is the host or wafer of the Eucharist, which resembles a sunburst.

Below are similar symbols of the Eucharist as seen on the 100 Lire coins:

From the video "666 and the Mark" by James Arrabito,
Copyright © LLT Productions - Used by Permission

Above is a papal medal minted by Pius XI in 1929 to commemorate both the Lateran
Treaty, which restored Papal sovereignty and made Vatican City an independent state,
and the 50th jubilee of his priesthood. The sunburst wafer of the Eucharist appears in the
sky above the Lateran and St. Peter's basilicas, over the cup of the Mass.

Here is a photo of the same symbology of the cup and wafer host of the Catholic mass,
used in the window of the church Dominus Flevit on the Mount of Olives,
overlooking the temple mount of Jerusalem, online at Christus Rex. Note the wavy
sunburst pattern around the cup.

At left is FIDES, the Catholic faith, holding the golden
cup of the Mass, portrayed by Lorenzo Sabbatini and his
assistants from 1573 -1576 on the vault of the First Sala
dei Foconi, the Vatican.

Speaking about His teachings, Jesus Christ said:

Mat 9:17 Neither do men put new wine into old bottles:
else the bottles break, and the wine runneth out, and the
bottles perish: but they put new wine into new bottles, and
both are preserved.

From a photo by G. Vasari. So the pure teachings of Jesus are symbolized by new
wine (non-alcoholic grape juice), but the golden cup of
wine in the hand of the woman of Revelation 17 is full of
abominations and the filthiness of her fornication, which
represent apostate doctrine, stupefying corrupted dogma,
the commandments (precepts) of men, by which she has
made all the nations to become drunken:

Rev 17:2 With whom the
kings of the earth have
committed fornication, and the
inhabitants of the earth have
been made drunk with the
wine of her fornication. ...
Rev 17:4 And the woman was
arrayed in purple and scarlet
colour, and decked with gold
and precious stones and
pearls, having a golden cup in
her hand full of abominations
and filthiness of her
fornication:

The Catholic faith is again Ceiling panel painting of FIDES by Francesco Podesti,
represented in these paintings Immaculate Conception room of the Borgia Tower, the Vatican.
as a woman holding a golden
cup of wine with the round From a photo by Spectrum Colour Library.
wafer of the Eucharist.

Chief among the apostate Catholic
doctrines is that of transubstantiation, where
the priest claims to turn bread and wine into
the actual body and blood of Jesus Christ,
who is allegedly re-presented at every mass
as a continuing sacrifice, worshipped as
though it were God Himself, and then
consumed by the congregation. Eating the
flesh of another human being is defined as
cannibalism. In truth, the Lord's supper is
merely a symbolic memorial, and not a
sacrifice.

At left is a painting of FIDES, a detail from
The Theological Virtues, painted from 1596
-1600 by Cherubino Alberti and Baldassare
Croce, in the Sala Clementina, the Vatican.

From a photo by G. Vasari.

This oil on canvas of The Triumph
of Faith which is in the Vatican
collection, is by Gaetano Gandolfi
and was painted about 1774. It is the
preparatory work for the ceiling of a
chapel in Bologna, and was given to
Pope Pius X by the Sacra
Congregazione di Propaganda Fide,
otherwise known as the office of the
Inquisition.

From a photo by Pianeta Immagine.

At left is FIDES as portrayed
over the pulpit of the
Benedictine Melk
Monastery on the Danube in
Austria, built in the early 18th
century. In FIDES' left hand is
the golden cup (in front of the
cross), and behind her right
shoulder is the pagan sunburst
image.

From a photo by Artephot, Paris (Nimatallah).

At right is a detail of FIDES from The Battle
of Lepanto by Giorgio Vasari and assistants
from 1572-73, in the Sala Regia, the Vatican.

From a photo by M. Sarre.

This depiction of Fides by Donatello and Michelozzo
dates to about 1435, and is carved on the base of the
funeral monument of AntiPope John XXIII (1410-
1415), which is in the Pietra serena Baptistry in
Florence.

On the right is a tempera and oil on wood
by Raphael, a part of the predella of the
Baglioni Altarpiece, which dates to about
1507.

From a photo by M. Sarre.

Above is a papal medal of Pope Clemens VIII marking the 13th year of his reign in 1602,
and the reverse side is inscribed Unus Deus - Una Fides (One God - One Faith)

This is the title page
of a Roman Catholic
Missal, published in
1779, which depicts
a cup-holding
FIDES. The Missal
"contains the prayers
said by the priest at
the altar as well as all
that is officially read
or sung in connection
with the offering of
the holy Sacrifice of
the Mass throughout
the ecclesiastical
year", according to
the Catholic
Encyclopedia.

Can it be any plainer
that the Catholic
Church has indeed
adopted the
symbology of a
woman holding a
golden cup, precisely
as described, and in
fulfillment of the
prophecy of
Revelation 17?

Indeed, and it would
seem that no other
Christian
denomination but the
Catholic Church has
depicted itself in this
manner.

INNOCENT XI IN SAECVLVM STABIT This medal of Pope
PONT - M - A - IIII FIDES MILITVM Innocent XI was
struck in 1680, the
IMP MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG 4th year of his reign.
On the reverse side is
FIDES representing
the Catholic Church.
Again she is holding
the golden cup of the
Mass and a cross. The
inscription is from the
Latin Vulgate Bible,
Ecclesiasticus 40:12,
and means fidelity
shall stand for ever.
Papal Rome's
symbolism of FIDES
apparently originated
with ancient Pagan
Rome. On the left is a
strikingly similar
Roman Denarius,
with FIDES holding
military standards, a
common theme on
coins from ancient
Rome, depicting a
military faithful to the
reigning emperor.

Additional images online

The tomb of Pope Innocent VIII also has an image of FIDES with cup raised, in the
left top corner of the tomb.

Here is another sculpture of FIDES, titled The Triumph of Faith over Idolatry by
Théodon Jean Baptiste, in Rome's Chiesa del Gesù, the Jesuit Church of Rome. This
sculpture is on the left side of the tomb of Ignatius Loyola, the founder of the Jesuits.

In New Orleans, the Cathedral of St. Louis has a statue of the Fides holding the
golden cup as part of the altar centerpiece.

Note the statue of The Mother of the Eucharist in which Mary holds the golden cup.

In Venice, St. Mark's Basilica has a statue of Fides holding the golden cup on its west
facade.

In Rome, in the church of Santa Maria Maddalena, Fides holding the golden cup is
to the left of the organ pipes.

Cup holding statue of Ste Madeleine in the church of Rennes-le-Chateau, France.

The earliest image of a cup-holding FIDES that I have found is on the gilded bronze
doors on the south side of the Baptistery in Florence Italy, which date from the early 14th
century.

See also The Red Dragon and Rome.

The "Mother" Church

The woman of Revelation 17 is the mother church, with apostate daughters:

Rev 17:5 And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON THE
GREAT, THE MOTHER OF HARLOTS AND ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH.

Only the Roman Catholic Church claims to be the "mother" Christian church:

10. ... "It must always be clear, when the expression sister churches is used in this proper
sense that the one, holy, catholic and apostolic universal church is not sister but mother of
all the particular churches."

Source: Note on the Expression Sister Churches by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger and
Archbishop Tarcisio Bertone, SDB, June 30, 2000.

In the recent document Memory and Reconciliation, where the Roman Catholic Church
discusses its asking forgiveness for its past sins of persecution, section 3.4 specifically
addresses "The Motherhood of the Church":

The conviction that the Church can make herself responsible for the sin of her children by
virtue of the solidarity that exists among them through time and space because of their
incorporation into Christ and the work of the Holy Spirit, is expressed in a particularly
effective way in the idea of “Mother Church” (“Mater Ecclesia”), ...

Source: The Document: MEMORY AND RECONCILIATION.

2. ... in every land where the Catholic religion flourishes the Roman Church, mother and
mistress of all Churches, is duly reverenced, as it should be, with one mind and heart.

Source: EXEUNTE IAM ANNO, ENCYCLICAL OF POPE LEO XIII ON THE

RIGHT ORDERING OF CHRISTIAN LIFE, Dec. 25th, 1888.

Furthermore, to check unbridled spirits, it [The Council of Trent] decrees that no one
relying on his own judgment shall, in matters of faith and morals pertaining to the
edification of Christian doctrine, distorting the Holy Scriptures in accordance with his
own conceptions, presume to interpret them contrary to that sense which holy mother
Church, to whom it belongs to judge of their true sense and interpretation, has held and
holds, or even contrary to the unanimous teaching of the Fathers, even though such
interpretations should never at any time be published. Those who act contrary to this shall
be made known by the ordinaries and punished in accordance with the penalties
prescribed by law.

Source: The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent, English Translation, by Rev. H.
J. Schroeder, O.P., Copyright 1941 by B. Herder Book Co., Copyright 1978 by TAN
Books and Publishers, Inc., Library of Congress Catalogue Number: 78-66132, ISBN 0-
89555-074-1, pages 18-19.

Extract from Pope Gregory VII's Letter to the Bishop of Metz, 1081 Doeberl, op. cit. iii.
40 sqq. Mirbt, No. 297

The holy fathers, as well in general councils as in their writings and doings, have called
the Holy Roman Church the universal mother, accepting and serving with great
veneration this institution founded by the divine will, this pledge of a dispensation to the
church, this privilege entrusted in the beginning and confirmed to St. Peter the chief of
the apostles.

Source: Documents of the Christian Church, Second Edition, selected and Edited by
Henry Bettenson, Copyright by Oxford University Press 1963, ISBN 0-19-501293-3,
pages 105-106.

I acknowledge the holy Catholic and apostolic Roman Church as the mother and teacher
of all churches; and to the Roman Pontiff, the successor of the blessed Peter, chief of the
Apostles and vicar of Jesus Christ, I promise and swear true obedience.

Source: The Profession of Faith of the Council of Trent, from the Bull of Pius IV,
"Iniunctum nobis," Nov. 13, 1565, Denzinger, Enchiridion Symbolorum, Thirtieth
Edition, translated by Roy J. Deferrari in The Sources of Catholic Dogma, Copyright
1957 by B. Herder Book Co., pg. 303.

Mystery

This self-proclaimed "mother" church is also Mystery Babylon, the apostate church of
Mysteries and the purveyor of Babylonian doctrinal confusion. Note this quote of John
Paul II from the Vatican Information Service press release dated 17 September, 1997,
(emphasis is mine):

Thanks to greater attention to the mystery of the Church and Mary's relationship with
her, the Virgin has begun to be invoked more frequently as 'Mother of the Church.'

Mystery is also the term used by the Roman Catholic Church to refer to the Mass,
specifically the transubstantiation of the bread and wine into the body and blood of
Christ. It is a key part of Catholic dogma. These are the words of the priest in Latin or
English (emphasis is mine):

HIC EST ENIM CALIX SANGUINIS MEI, NOVI ET AETERNI TESTAMENTI:
MYSTERIUM FIDEI, QUI PRO VOBIS ET PRO MULTIS EFFUNDETUR IN
REMISSIONEM PECCATORUM.

FOR THIS IS THE CHALICE OF MY BLOOD, OF THE NEW AND ETERNAL
TESTAMENT, THE MYSTERY OF FAITH, WHICH FOR YOU AND FOR MANY
SHALL BE SHED UNTO THE REMISSION OF SINS.

The Catholic is also well familiar with many "mysteries" through the recitation of their
Hail Marys and the rosary. There are 15 decades of prayer (150 recitations) and during
each decade of ten recitations, the Catholic contemplates on one of the "mysteries" of the
church, which are as follows:

The Fifteen Mysteries of the Rosary are divided into three groups: the Joyful, the
Sorrowful and the Glorious.

• The 5 Joyful Mysteries
o The Mystery of the Annunciation
o The Mystery of the Visitation
o The Mystery of the Birth of the Lord

o The Mystery of the Presentation in the Temple
o The Mystery of Finding Jesus in the Temple
• The 5 Sorrowful Mysteries
o The Mystery of the Agony in the Garden
o The Mystery of the Scourging at the Pillar
o The Mystery of the Crowning with Thorns
o The Mystery of Jesus carrying his cross
o The Mystery of the Crucifixion
• The 5 Glorious Mysteries
o The Mystery of the Resurrection
o The Mystery of the Ascension of Our Lord
o The Mystery of the Descent of the Holy Spirit
o The Mystery of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin
o The Mystery of the Coronation of the Blessed Virgin as Queen of

Heaven

The Persecuting Church Drunken on Blood

The woman of Revelation 17 is drunk with the blood of Christian martyrs:

Rev 17:6 And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood
of the martyrs of Jesus: and when I saw her, I wondered with great admiration.

A harlot drunken on blood:

Soul of Christ, sanctify me.
Body of Christ, save me.
Blood of Christ, inebriate me.
Water from the side of Christ, wash me.
...
From the prayer Anima Christi (Soul of Christ).

The prayer Anima Christi can be found on scores of Catholic web sites, and actually asks
for drunkenness from the blood of the golden cup. Web site: Anima Christi. The
Roman Catholic Church during the "dark ages" is responsible for the persecution deaths
of uncounted thousands of Christians who dared to read the Bible, translate the Bible or
preach from the Bible or denied the apostate Catholic doctrines or dogma, such as
transubstantiation.

That the Roman Catholic church felt compelled to ask for forgiveness for her persecution
sins of the past on March 12th, 2000, only serves to further confirm she is the apostate
persecuting mother church responsible for the blood of the saints spoken of in
Revelation!

The Document: MEMORY AND RECONCILIATION.

The Beast That Was, and Is Not, and Yet Is.

Rev 17:7 And the angel said unto me, Wherefore didst thou marvel? I will tell thee the
mystery of the woman, and of the beast that carrieth her, which hath the seven heads and
ten horns.
Rev 17:8 The beast that thou sawest was, and is not; and shall ascend out of the
bottomless pit, and go into perdition: and they that dwell on the earth shall wonder,
whose names were not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when
they behold the beast that was, and is not, and yet is.

The angel explains to John that there are three phases to the beast:

The Beast that Was Is Not And Yet Is

Papal sovereignty and persecution Papal sovereignty lost Papal sovereignty restored

1260 years (538-1798) (1798-1929) (1929 - ?)

• For 1260 years the papacy ruled over Europe, from 538 to 1798. During
these dark ages the papacy exercised both political and ecclesiastical
power, the woman rode the beast, the beast that was.

• The papacy lost its political power February 15th, 1798, with the capture
of Pius VI by the armies of Napoleon, and it lost the last of the Papal
States, on September 20th, 1870 when Italian troops seized the city of
Rome, leaving the Pope a virtual prisoner in the Vatican. The Catholic
Church had lost her political power and sovereignty, consequently the
beast was not.

• Now, John in chapter 17, sees the harlot in her final phase after she has
regained her lost political power (sit on the beast), and the world wonders
at her revival. Papal sovereignty was restored February 11th, 1929 with
the signing of the Lateran Treaty with Benito Mussolini. And yet the beast
is. It has ascended back out of extinction, or the bottomless pit, and
proceeds from there to its destruction.

The City of Seven Mountains

The woman of Revelation 17 sits on seven mountains:

Rev 17:9 And here is the mind which hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven
mountains, on which the woman sitteth.

Now, some Roman Catholic apologists will likely try to apply this passage to the city of
Jerusalem. However, this verse tells us that the woman of Revelation 17, an apostate
persecuting Christian church, sits, or headquarters itself, in a city of seven mountains. No
such Christian church has its administrative headquarters in Jerusalem, so it can be
easily dismissed as a possibility. It is also worth noting that Revelation was written by
John about 95 A.D., some 25 years after Jerusalem had been besieged and completely
destroyed by the Romans. This also removes it from consideration in the prophecy, since
the Jews did not return to Jerusalem until the 20th century.
John the Revelator further amplifies and defines the harlot as follows:
Rev 17:18 And the woman which thou sawest is that great city, which reigneth over the
kings of the earth.
So we need to look for an apostate persecuting Christian church, that attempts to rule
over the kings of the earth from a great city, known for having seven mountains. So let's
consider the great Eternal City of Rome, headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church.
Look in most any encyclopedia and you will find that Rome is known as the city of seven
hills, or seven mountains. These seven mountains are the Capitoline, Quirinal, Viminal,
Esquiline, Cælian (Coelian/Celio), Aventine and Palatine, highlighted in yellow below.

Below is a an ancient Roman coin (a Sestertius) in the collection of the British Museum,
minted at Tarraco in 71 A.D. during the reign of Vespasian (69-79 A.D.), declaring him

to be the Pontifex Maximus (a title assumed by the papacy), which depicts the city of
Rome as both the goddess Dea-Roma seated on 7 hills, and a she-wolf suckling Romulus
and Remus (just above the R in ROMA).

Obverse Inscription: IMPERATOR CAESAR VESPASIANVS
AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS TRIBVNICIA POTESTATE
Pater Patriae CONSVL III

Above photo from The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers
by Le Roy E. Froom, Volume I, page 160, Copyright 1950
by Review and Herald Publishing Assoc., Washington D.C.

See also: Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum, Volume 2, Vespasian To Domitian, by
Harold Mattingly and R.A.G. Carson, published in London by the British Museum, 1966, 187 [no. 774,
plate 34.5].

Photo of another similar Sestertius.

The Catholic Encyclopedia

It is within the city of Rome, called the city of seven hills, that the entire area of Vatican
State proper is now confined. By treaty with the Italian Government certain other
properties apart from the Vatican State are considered as territorial parts of the state of

Vatican City. Since the founding of the Church there by St. Peter, the city of Rome has
been the center of Christendom. The city itself is the diocese of the pope as bishop of
Rome.

Source: The Catholic Encyclopedia, edited by Robert C. Broderick, Imprimatur of the
Most Reverend William E. Cousins, Archbishop of Milwaukee, Nihil Obstat of the
Reverend Richard J. Sklba, published by Thomas Nelson Publishers, copyright 1976,
entry on Rome, pg. 529.

Catholic Attempts at Rebuttal

The Roman Catholic apologist will likely respond in a manner similar to this, from
Patrick Madrid:

Most people don't realize that Vatican City, built squarely on Vatican Hill, isn't
one of the seven hills for which Rome is famous! Unfortunately for the fevered
anti-Catholic theories that Dave Hunt and others traffic in, the Catholic Church's
headquarters — Vatican City — sits on the other side of the Tiber river, and not
on any of the seven hills. The Tiber formed a natural boundary for the city limits
of ancient Rome. The seven hills were on one side, snug inside the city walls.
Vatican Hill sat across the river, in sight of the old city, but not technically part
of it — so close but yet so far.

Source: Pope Fiction, by Patrick Madrid, (Fiction #7), ISBN 0-9642610-0-6,
copyright 1999 Basilica Press, page 103.

It is extremely interesting, to say the least, to see a Roman Catholic apologist, whose
church is governed by the Bishop of Rome, trying to extricate his church from that city.
Rome, like many European cities, has fortified city walls around its perimeter. The
original walls of the city of the Caesars, built between 272 and 279 by Aurelian, did not
include the area of the Vatican hill on the west bank of the Tiber, so it is true, as Patrick
Madrid says, that Vatican hill was likely considered outside the city limits of the pagan
Rome of the Caesars. However, after the sacking of St. Peter's Basilica and Rome by the
Muslim Saracens in 846, the city walls were repaired and enlarged as a defensive
measure by Pope Leo IV between 848 and 852. The pope fortified Vatican hill against

future attacks by including it within the perimeter of the newly strengthened city walls.
To honor Leo IV, the newly enclosed Vatican was called the Leonine City. Map of
Rome's Walls. The remains of these defensive walls can still be seen today around the
Vatican ( See photo) and the rest of the city of Rome.

"Between 848 and 852 Leo IV surrounded the whole [Vatican] settlement with a wall,
which included it within the city boundaries. Until the pontificate of Sixtus V [1585-
1590] this section of Rome remained a private papal possession and was entrusted to a
special administration. Sixtus, however, placed it under the jurisdiction of the urban
authorities as the fourteenth region."

Source: I. Introduction, of the Catholic Encyclopedia online article on the Vatican

Under ecclesiastical papal Rome, the Vatican has been considered within the walls and
city limits of Rome since the middle of the 9th century. So as can be seen, Patrick Madrid
in his book Pope Fiction is not telling the whole story to his readers. He is leaving out
pertinent facts, since the Vatican has been within the city limits and walls of Rome for
well over 1000 years.

Rev 17:9 And here is the mind which hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven
mountains, on which the woman sitteth. ...
Rev 17:18 And the woman which thou sawest is that great city, which reigneth over the
kings of the earth.

That the papacy of the Roman Catholic Church, the Bishop of Rome, attempts to rule the
world from Rome (fulfilling the prophecy) is so obvious on the face of it that it hardly
seems to call for any documentation, but we will let a recent pope be heard on this issue:

67. ... the hand of God, who guides the course of history, has set down the Chair of His
Vicar on earth, in this city of Rome which, from being the capital of the wonderful
Roman Empire, was made by Him the capital of the whole world, because He made it the
seat of a sovereignty which, since it extends beyond the confines of nations and states,
embraces within itself all the peoples of the whole world. The very origin and divine
nature of this sovereignty demands, the inviolable rights of conscience of millions of the
faithful of the whole world demand that this sacred sovereignty must not be, neither must
it ever appear to be, subject to any human authority or law whatsoever, even though that
law be one which proclaims certain guaranties for the liberty of the Roman Pontiff.

Source: Pope Pius XI, Encyclical Letter UBI ARCANO DEI CONSILIO (On the
Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ), December 23, 1922.

Note the remarkable wording used by Pius XI. He boldly claims sovereignty over all the
people of the world from his "seat" in the city of Rome! To use a well worn Catholic
phrase, "Roma Locuta Est, Causa Finita Est" - Rome has spoken, the case is closed. We
will continue to develop the extensive evidence, however.

The Lateran Basilica: The Cathedral of the Bishop of
Rome

Rev 13:2 ... and the dragon (pagan Rome) gave him (papal Rome) his power, and his seat
(cathedra), and great authority.

A few minutes of researching in most any library will reveal that the official "cathedra"
or seat of authority for the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, is not in St. Peter's Basilica, but it
is actually in the apse of St. John Lateran Cathedral, which is a short distance to the
southeast of the Coliseum and Roman Forum, on the opposite side of Rome from the
Vatican. Located on the Coelian (Celio/Cælian) Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome (Rev
17:9), St. John Lateran dates back to Rome's emperor Constantine, who donated the
building to the Bishop of Rome in the 4th century. It is the oldest church in Christendom
and so lays claim to the title of the "mother church of the world".

The Catholic Encyclopedia

Cathedra
The chair-throne of a bishop is always located in the sanctuary against the left wall on

the gospel side in the cathedral church of the diocese. Cathedra is the Greek word for a
chair or throne, from which is derived the word cathedral.

Lateran Church
Officially, the Church of our Most Holy Savior, called St. John Lateran, is the

Cathedral of the bishop of Rome, the pope. It is considered the mother church of the
Christian world. The basilica, part of a donation of the Laterani family, was presented to
the Church in 311. It is the oldest of the Christian basilicas and from historic times was
known as Constantine's basilica.

Source: The Catholic Encyclopedia, edited by Robert C. Broderick, Imprimatur of the
Most Reverend William E. Cousins, Archbishop of Milwaukee, Nihil Obstat of the
Reverend Richard J. Sklba, published by Thomas Nelson Publishers, copyright 1976,
pages 98, 340.

St. John Lateran Cathedral
Mother Church and Official Seat of the Bishop of Rome

Constantine must have given it [the Lateran] to the Church in the time of Miltiades, not
later than about 311, for we find council against the Donatists meeting within its walls as
early as 313. From that time onwards it was always the centre of Christian life within the
city; the residence of the popes and the cathedral of Rome. The latter distinction it still
holds, though it has long lost the former.

Source: 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia, article on St. John Lateran.

A statue of the woman (fides) holding a cup (Rev 17:4) on top of St. John Lateran

Pope Pius XI, Bishop of Rome, enthroned on his cathedra in the Lateran apse.

Photo of the Bishop of Rome's throne / cathedra in the apse of St. John Lateran

Apse of San Giovanni in Laterano - VRMAG
Interior of San Giovanni in Laterano - VRMAG

The current Bishop of Rome, Pope Benedict XVI, formally took possession of St. John
Lateran and enthroned himself on his cathedra of power and authority for the first time on
May 7th, 2005. His homily discussed the significance of the event.

Since 1377, upon the return to Rome from Avignon, Church administration has been
located in the Vatican, rather than the Lateran. However, as the cathedra (official seat) of
the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, the Lateran is today still considered to be extraterritorially
a part of the Vatican City-State, as is the basilica Santa Maria Maggiore (St. Mary
Major), which is located on Esquiline Hill. This is the result of a treaty (Concordat)
signed with the Italian state in 1929 at the Lateran, which restored the diplomatic status
of the Vatican as an independent city-state, which had been lost in 1860-1870 when Italy
seized all papal territories. See Lateran Treaty - Article 13.

Vatican State, City of
The capital city of the Vatican State, which includes the principle territory of the

surrounding city of Rome, was recognized as sovereign land of the Roman Catholic
Church by the Lateran Treaty. It includes the Vatican palace, its gardens, the basilica and
piazza of St. Peter's, and other official buildings on a plot of land about one square mile
with approximately 1000 residents, all of whom are citizens. It is properly called the
papal state and is governed by the Pope as the sovereign ruler with executive, legislative
and judicial powers exercised through commissions or delegated groups. There are other
properties fixed by the treaty not adjoining Vatican State yet under its sovereign
dominion. These are the basilicas and buildings of St. John Lateran [Coelian hill], St.
Mary Major [Esquiline hill], St. Paul-outside-the-Walls [~2 km South of Rome], and the
Holy Apostles [Quirinal hill], and the churches of Saint Andrea-della-Valle [NE of
Campo De' Fiore] and San Carlo-ai-Catinari [SE of Campo De' Fiore] with their
adjoining buildings, the palace of San Callisto [Palazzo S. Callisto, Trastevere] and the
papal summer residence, Castel Gandolfo [Alban Hills, ~20 km SE of Rome].

Source: The Catholic Encyclopedia, edited by Robert C. Broderick, Imprimatur of the
Most Reverend William E. Cousins, Archbishop of Milwaukee, Nihil Obstat of the
Reverend Richard J. Sklba, published by Thomas Nelson Publishers, copyright 1976,
page 598.

Also seized in 1870 by Italy but not returned by the Lateran treaty, was the grand
Quirinal papal palace built on Quirinal hill (the highest of the 7 hills of Rome) beginning
in 1574. It was the official residence for some 30 Popes until its seizure by Italy, when
the Palazzo del Quirinale became the official residence of the kings of Italy, and since
1947 the residence of the presidents of Italy.

Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano
Santa Maria Maggiore
Quirinal Palace
Church of the Holy Apostles (Santi Apostoli) - in the lower left of the photo,
Quirinal Palace is in the center.
Rome's General Map
Vatican City State (the Holy See)

So even today, official Vatican territorial sovereignty extends across the Tiber into
various parts of the city of Rome. It can even be said that the Vatican literally straddles,
or sits over the seven-hilled city of Rome (Rev 17:9)! In fact, the term Holy See, which
refers to the universal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, is derived from the Latin
Sancta Sedes, which means Holy Chair. Synonymous terms are Apostolic See, Roman
Church, or Roman Curia. Holy See

More Catholic Attempts at Rebuttal

Note what a Catholic "expert" at EWTN has said on this subject, to refute Protestant
claims that the Catholic Church is described in the book of Revelation:

Copyright 1999 by EWTN ... "The seven heads represent seven hills on
which the woman sits." First of all, no Pope has
ever lived or had his "seat" (cathedra or
cathedral) on any of the seven hills of Rome.
These hills are small hillocks (Capitoline,
Palatine, Esquiline, Aventine and three lesser
"bumps" in central Rome) where the religion
and government of pagan Rome was situated.
The Catholic Church's headquarters at the
Lateran (the cathedral) and at the Vatican (where
the Pope lives) does not coincide with them." ...

Quoted from Whore of Babylon by Colin B. Donovan, STL,
in the Frequently Asked Questions section of EWTN's site.

Mr. Donovan needs to investigate one of those lesser bumps (the Cælian), and St. John
Lateran Cathedral a bit more closely. I dare say that most any encyclopedia's articles and
maps on Rome and the Lateran will reveal the error of his statement. With that kind of

"expert" answer on a prominent Catholic web site, it is no wonder that most Catholics
don't know the truth on this subject. But the truth is available even on EWTN's own site:

CHURCHES OF ROME:
CHRISTIANITY'S FIRST CATHEDRAL
June Hager

Christendom's earliest basilica and home of the Popes for a thousand years St.
John Lateran on the Caelian Hill.

St. John Lateran is Christendom's earliest basilica. Ordered by Rome's first
Christian Emperor, Constantine the Great, it became the Popes' own cathedral
and official residence for the first millennium of Christian history. ...

... Henceforth, the Lateran palace, known as the Patriarchate, was the Pope's
official residence until the fifteenth century. ...

Source: February 1996 issue of Inside the Vatican.

See this current map of Rome online. On this map the name of mount Celio appears to
the left of the Lateran, below the Coliseum.

Now back to Patrick Madrid's book Pope Fiction, which makes this attempt at rebuttal on
this point:

Some desperate to salvage this argument, claim that because the cathedral
church and official seat of the bishop of Rome is St. John Lateran (which does
fall within the bounds of Old Rome), the Catholic Church still fits the bill as
being based in Rome.

You've got to give these folks an "A" for effort. Even though this variation on
the theme fails, too, the people who promote it are nothing if not tenacious. The
problem with this argument is that a cathedral is a church building, not a city.
You can't mix and match biblical symbols to make them fit your own particular
interpretive system; that does violence to the text. And, of course, even this last
claim still fails to account for the leap from a city to a religion (which the
identification of Catholicism with the Whore of Babylon must make, for it to
work).

Source: Pope Fiction, by Patrick Madrid, (Fiction #7), ISBN 0-9642610-0-6,
copyright 1999 Basilica Press, page 103.

I am not desperate, and don't feel the need to try and salvage anything. I am quite
confident and willing let the reader judge the weight of the facts presented in this article,
and who gets the "A", and who fails completely in their arguments which are composed
of half truths and misinformation.

As mentioned above, St. John Lateran, the cathedra (seat of authority) of the Bishop of
Rome, the Pope, has been formally recognized by the 1929 treaty with Italy to be extra
territorially a part of the Vatican City-State. Consequently, the Pope officially reigns
from St. John Lateran, which is on one of the famous seven hills of Rome, the Cælian,
and it is also a part of the Vatican City-State.

From a City to a Religion

Mat 23:37 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which
are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen
gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not!

Can a city represent a religion? How difficult is it to see that the city of Jerusalem did not
literally kill the prophets of God? As the city of old Jerusalem was used to symbolize
Judaism, the New Jerusalem is used symbolically to represent the faithful saints of God:

Rev 21:2 And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of
heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.

In opposition to the New Jerusalem, the eternal city of the saints, scripture describes a
great city of seven hills, Rome. Rome is also symbolically called Babylon in prophecy,
representing apostate religion:

Roman Catholics Admit
Babylon Is A New Testament Symbol For Rome

1 Pet 5:13 The church that is at Babylon, elected together with you, saluteth you; and so
doth Marcus my son.

Babylon in the above verse is widely recognized as a code word meaning Rome, not
Babylon, since there is no evidence that Peter ever ministered in Babylon. Roman
Catholics have even acknowledged this association:

"Babylon," from which Peter addresses his first Epistle, is understood by learned
annotators, Protestant and Catholic, to refer to Rome - the word Babylon being symbolic

of the corruption then prevailing in the city of the Caesars.

Source: Faith of Our Fathers, by James Cardinal Gibbons, 111th printing, Published
by TAN Books and Publishers, INC., P.O. Box 424, Rockford, Illinois 61105,
Copyright 1980, page 87.

"But the Bible never says Peter was in Rome."

But the Bible does. While there were many things that happened connected with Jesus
and the Apostles that are not written in the Bible (see Jn 21:25), Peter's presence in Rome
is confirmed by it. In his first epistle Peter closes by saying "She who is at Babylon, who
is likewise chosen, sends you greetings; so does my son Mark" (5:13). "She who is
chosen" refers to the Church in Rome. "Babylon is a Christian code word for Rome and
the Roman Empire. Examine Revelation 17:5 where the author uses Babylon — mother
of harlots and the earth's abomination, drunk on the blood of Christian martyrs — in this
sense. At the time Peter was writing, Babylon was no longer a great city but a deserted
relic of mud huts.

Source: Answering a Fundamentalist, by Albert J. Nevins, published by Our Sunday
Visitor, Inc., copyright 1990, ISBN 0-87973-433-7, Library of Congress Catalog Card
Number 90-60644, page 46.

But Boettner is wrong when he claims "there is no allusion to Rome in either of
[Peter's] epistles". There is, in the greeting at the end of the first epistle. "The church here

in Babylon, united with you by God's election, sends you her greeting, and so does my
son, Mark." (1 Peter 5:13). Babylon is a code word for Rome. It is used that way six
times in the last book of the Bible ... Eusebius Pamphilius, writing about 303, noted that
"it is said that Peter's first epistle, in which he makes mention of Mark, was composed at
Rome itself; and he himself indicates this, referring to the city figuratively as Babylon."

[Historia ecclesiastica 2, 15, 4.]

Source: Catholicism and Fundamentalism, by Karl Keating, copyright 1988, published
by Ignatius Press, San Francisco, ISBN 0-89870-195-3, library of Congress number 87-

82939, page 200.

So anxious are the Catholics to place Peter in Rome, that they are willing to permanently
brand Rome with the symbolic title of Babylon in the New Testament. Indeed, I would

venture to say that every Roman Catholic Bible published has a footnote identifying
Babylon in 1 Peter 5:13 as actually meaning Rome. Regarding references to Babylon in

Revelation 14:8, 16:19, 17:5, 18:2, 10, and 21; note the following:

"These references cannot be to the onetime capital of the Babylonian Empire. That
Babylon had been reduced to an inconsequential status by the march of years, military
defeat, and political subjugation; it was no longer a 'great city'. It played no important

part in the recent history of the ancient world. The only truly 'great city' in New
Testament times was Rome."

Source: Ibid, page 201.

The city of seven hills, Rome, symbolically called Babylon in the New Testament, is
where a harlot woman (apostate Christian church) rules (sits) over many people.

The Universal Church.

The woman of Revelation 17 sits on many waters, representing authority over many
people:

Rev 17:15 And he saith unto me, The waters which thou sawest, where the whore sitteth,
are peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues.

The word Catholic means Universal. So the Roman Catholic Church is claiming to be the
Universal or Worldwide Christian Church, a claim of authority over all the Christians of

the world.
The significance of Rome lies primarily in the fact that it is the city of the pope. The
Bishop of Rome, as the successor of St. Peter, is the Vicar of Christ on earth and the
visible head of the Catholic Church. Rome is consequently the centre of unity in belief,
the source of ecclesiastical jurisdiction and the seat of the supreme authority which can
bind by its enactments the faithful throughout the world.
Source: Rome, The Catholic Encyclopedia Online.

The above papal medal of Pius XII, minted in the 11th year of his reign, symbolizes the
Catholic church as a queen, pompously seated on her throne, from which she claims to
uphold truth and justice. This depiction bears a remarkable resemblance to the following
verse describing Mystery Babylon:
Rev 18:7 How much she hath glorified herself, and lived deliciously, so much torment
and sorrow give her: for she saith in her heart, I sit a queen, and am no widow, and shall
see no sorrow.

Reigning Over the Kings of the Earth.

The woman of Revelation 17 claims authority over all the kings of the earth:

Rev 17:18 And the woman which thou sawest is that great city, which reigneth over
the kings of the earth.

The Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church historically claims authority over all secular
rulers, and has exercised that assumed authority by deposing kings or queens who did not

acknowledge the Pope's superior secular and ecclesiastical authority.

Here are just a few examples of this claimed authority over Kings:

There are two powers, august Emperor, by which this world is chiefly ruled, namely, the
sacred authority of the priests and the royal power. Of these that of the priests is the more

weighty, since they have to render an account for even the kings of men in the divine
judgment. You are also aware, dear son, that while you are permitted honorably to rule
over human kind, yet in things divine you bow your head humbly before the leaders of
the clergy and await from their hands the means of your salvation. In the reception and

proper disposition of the heavenly mysteries you recognize that you should be
subordinate rather than superior to the religious order, and that in these matters you

depend on their judgment rather than wish to force them to follow your will.

Letter of Pope Gelasius I to Emperor Anastasius on the superiority of the spiritual
over temporal power, 494 A.D.

From Pope Gregory VII, Dictatus Papae, 1090 A.D.

9. That of the pope alone all princes shall kiss the feet.
12. That it may be permitted to him to depose emperors.

1. ... the Roman Pontiff, who rules the offices of God and our Lord Jesus Christ on earth
and who holds the fullness of power over kingdoms and kings, and who judges all, and

by no one at this time is judged, ...

Cum Ex Apostolatus Officio, Papal Bull of Pope Paul IV - February 15, 1559.

Pope Innocent III on Empire and Papacy
'The Moon and the Sun' Sicut universitatis conditor.
Ep. i, 401, October 1198 P.L. ccxiv. 337. Mirbt, no. 326

The creator of the universe set up two great luminaries in the firmament of heaven; the
greater light to rule the day, the lesser light to rule the night. In the same way for the
firmament of the universal Church, which is spoken of as heaven, he appointed two great

dignities; the greater to bear rule over souls (these being, as it were, days), the lesser to
bear rule over bodies (those being, as it were, nights). These dignities are the pontifical
authority and the royal power. Furthermore, the moon derives her light from the sun, and
is in truth inferior to the sun in both size and quality, in position as well as effect. In the
same way the royal power derives its dignity from the pontifical authority: and the more

closely it cleaves to the sphere of that authority the less is the light with which it is
adorned; the further it is removed, the more it increases in splendor.

THE POPE AND IMPERIAL ELECTIONS
The Statement of the Papal Claim by Innocent III

Decretal Venerabilem, March 1202, Corpus Iuris Canonici, (Friedberg) II. 80. Mirbt, 323

[A letter from Innocent to the Duke of Zähringen justifying his intervention in a disputed
election of the kingship of the Romans.]

... We acknowledge, as we are bound, that the right and authority to elect a king (later to
be elevated to the Imperial throne) belongs to those princes to whom it is known to

belong by right and ancient custom; especially at this right and authority came to them
from the Apostolic See, which transferred the Empire from the Greeks to the Germans in

the person of Charles the Great. But the princes should recognize, and assuredly do
recognize, that the right and authority to examine the person so elected king (to be
elevated to the Empire) belongs to us who anoint, consecrate and crown him. For it is a
generally observed rule that the examination of a person belongs to him who has the duty
of the laying-on of hands. For suppose that the princes elected a sacrilegious man or an
excommunicate, a tyrant or an imbecile, a heretic or a pagan; and that not just by a
majority, but unanimously, are we bound to anoint, consecrate and crown such a person?

Of course not....
And it is evident from law and custom that when in an election the votes of the princes
are divided we may, after due warning and a fitting interval, favour one of the parties....
For if after such due notice the princes cannot or will not agree, will not the Apostolic

See be without an advocate and defender, and thus be punished for their fault?

Extract from Gregory VII's Letter to the Bishop of Metz,
1081 Doeberl, op. cit. iii. 40 sqq. Mirbt, No. 297

... who can doubt but that the priests of Christ are to be considered the fathers and masters
of kings and princes and of all the faithful? ...

... For, indeed, one can see how the necks of kings and princes are bowed before the
knees of priests; and how, having kissed their right hands, they believe themselves

strengthened by their prayers. ...