DJJ40182 Project 1: Do it Right

do it right

Mechanical Engineering
Department,
Polytechnics of
Sultan Azlan Shah.

do it right

CONTENTS i
ii
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION 3
CONTENTS 4
AN INTRODUCTION OF DJJ 40182 PROJECT 1 DO IT RIGHT BOOK 1
CHAPTER 1 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 2
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 3
1.3 OBJECTIVE 4
1.4 SCOPE
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE 5
5
CHAPTER 2 6
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 TOPICS FOR LIERATURE STUDIES/STUDY HIGHLIGHTS 9
9
CHAPTER 3 10
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 18

REFERENCE

COPYRIGHT

Published by :
Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah
Behrang Stesen, Behrang
35950 Perak
Tel : 05-4544431
Faks : 05-4544993
Email : http://www.psas.edu.my

First Published 2022

All right reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying or otherwise without permission of Sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnics.

PERPUSTAKAAN NEGARA MALAYSIA
DJJ40182 PROJECT 1 : DO IT RIGHT
ISBN

AN INTRODUCTION OF DJJ 40182 PROJECT 1 DO IT RIGHT BOOK

The books that explain how to write a report of product-based final project for the use
of polytechnic students described along with examples of polytechnic students' own
projects are not much. Here, the authors will explain briefly along with examples of
past student writing for the reference of students who are writing project 1 report. This
book can also be used by lecturers as a reference while supervising project 1 students.

Most of the examples of writing in this book are obtained from the project supervisor
lecturers at the Sultan Azlan Shah Polytechnic. Many thanks to Lecturer Mohammad
Hadi Bin Abd Halim and Ts. Dr. Norazam aliman for contributing student report sam-
ples. Hopefully this book can help in the supervision and writing of project 1 students.

Thank you.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, students should explain the issues and problems of the study in
general. Overall it is related to technologies about the student’s research.

Example:
Smart Portable Chiller (SPC)

1.1 PENGENALAN An introduction
to the study is
Smart Portable Chiller is a mini (small) refrigerator expressed in
designed to make it easier for raw materials, medicines this section.
and drinks to be carried anywhere in the cold and fresh. Problems in
In addition, the Smart Portable chiller is designed to general and
reduce electricity consumption by using solar power. specifically are
This is intended to use natural resources. Next, it can expressed in
save the greenhouse ecosystem by not using harmful this section.
gases as refrigerant

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

This section lists the issues and problems found in journals, books, articles,
newspapers and other reading materials related to the issues and problems
studied.

1

Example:
Smart Portable Chiller (SPC)

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT The problem
statement is
Nowadays, many people do outdoor activities that require well expressed.
the use of frozen devices such as picnicking, fishing or Yet the state-
delivery business. To keep the food fresh and cool they ment does not
need a fridge like Smart Portable Chiller. have strong
support either
The existing refrigerator consumes a lot of electricity. from newspa-
Therefore, through this product, it can reduce the con- pers, journals
sumption of electricity to save excessive electricity costs. or articles.

Furthermore, it can reduce increasingly risky green-
house ecosystems, reduce the use of harmful refrigeration
materials such as CFC R11, R12 and R15 gases that can emit
sulphur dioxide.

1.3 OBJECTIVE

The objectives of the study explain the direction of the study and the matters that are
expected to be achieved at the end of the study. This statement should be clear, rational
and relevant to the problem being studied. Objectives should be achievable and their
achievement should be measurable.

A great way to refine your research objectives is to use SMART criteria.

The purpose of the study should be clear and specific.

M - Measurable The purpose of the study should be measurable.

Goals need to be realistic and achievable based on each
other's capabilities.

To ensure that the purpose is in line with the other purpose.

Each goal requires a target date, to ensure it can
achieve the goal.

2

Example: The objectives
Smart Portable Chiller (SPC) of the study
used appropri-
1.3 OBJECTIVE ate keywords
and followed
i. To design and modify the existing chiller to be lighter the 'SMART'
and more portable. method as
stated in the
ii. Analyze the use of solar panels for electricity generation
in products research. guide.

iii. To compare the use of solar panels versus electrical
energy on the products research.

1.3 SCOPE

Scope means the limitation of the studies to be conducted. This explanation is
important to ensure that the assessor is able to understand the boundaries of the
study. As a matter of fact, the limitations of the study are such as study samples,
product design, product capabilities, scope of methodology and so on

Example:
Smart Portable Chiller (SPC)

1.4 SCOPE The scope for
the size is
Based on this project, the smaller and lighter portable
chiller design will be formed so that it is easy to carry specified, but it
anywhere. For that, because they are too huge, condenser is not clear
materials that are employed in a typical portable fridge to
remove heat from the evaporator and compressor are not because it does
utilized. not specify the
. limitation/size

limit to be
formed.

3

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE

The importance of the study explains the importance of the problem being studied as a
whole, to whom it is implemented and the goals of its implementation. It is a general
expectation of the results of the study that is in line with the objectives of the study.

Example:
Smart Portable Chiller (SPC)

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE The importance
of the study is
Design is a key factor in making a portable chiller work clearly stated.
properly. Smaller and lighter designs are important so that The targets of
it is easy to carry anywhere especially for camping activi- groups inter-
ties. Ensuring that food, drinks and medicines brought in ested in the
fresh conditions at 5c-7c are important to them. This is product and
because the unpredictable weather in Malaysia can cause problem solv-
non-heat-resistant materials to be easily damaged quickly.
The portable chiller is designed in a small shape and envi- ing to the
ronmentally friendly material so that there are no factors target group
that will cause environmental pollution. The use of solar are stated.
panels helps to those at the campsite not supplied or far
away from the source of electricity.

4

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

In this chapter students need to explain in general what to be described in this
literature review related to the project/study (insert the sub-headings of the
literature review and explain briefly).

Example of report:
Smart Portable Ciller (SPC)

2.1 PENGENALAN A recurring
mistake where
Kajian literatur merupakan kaedah pencarian maklumat yang
didapati daripada pembacaan, kajian dan penyelidikan. Mak- students
lumat diperolehi dengan kajian seperti jurnal, artikel,buku dan always explain
surat khabar, how to write a

research.

2.1 PENGENALAN At the intro-
duction of
Di dalam bab ini akan menerangkan dengan lebih terperin- chapter 2
ci tentang peti sejuk. Penjelasan tertumpu kepada peti sejuk Students
pada masa kini, konsep dan teori peti sejuk, dan keperluan peng- should include
guna terhadap peti sejuk pada masa kini. Huraian kelebihan dan the highlights
kelemahan peti sejuk serta berkaitan memenuhi keperluan pela- (title) of the
jar atau individu yang menginap sementara dalam tempoh yang study related
panjang terhadap peti sejuk dibincangkan dengan lebih menda- to the student
lam. project to be.
At the intro-
Jika sebelum ini, penggunaan peti sejuk mengikut saiz duction of
standard adalah biasa didengari. Saiz dan kecekapan peti sejuk chapter 2
yang ada di pasaran turut dibincangkan.Dengan kupasan ini Students
dapat membawa kepada penyelesaian masalah untuk pelajar/ should include
penyewa/ penghuni yang mempunyai saiz kediaman yang terhad the highlights
terhadap keperluan peti sejuk portable bersaiz kecil dan cekap. (title) of the
study related
to the student
project to be.

5

2.2 TOPICS FOR LIERATURE STUDIES/STUDY HIGHLIGHTS

Students need to design a literature review writing based on the objectives of the study
for the sub-topics. Figure 2.2 shows the proposed literature review titles for the product
review.

Previous product Types of materials
used

Previous design Literature Usage / Marketability
Review

Components of the Functions of
product component

Figure 2.1: Literature review titles for product research

Contoh laporan:
Smart Portable Chiller (SPC)
The titles of the literature review/highlights of the study from student examples as
shown belows:

No
introduction.

6

2.2 KAJIAN TERHADAP PRODUK YANG LEPAS Students are
encouraged to
Rajah 2 Peti Sejuk Awal
Peti ais mudah alih pertama dicipta oleh Richard C. use in table
Laramy dari Joliet, Ollinois. Pada 24 Februari 1951. Laramy form to show
menfailkan permohonan dengan Pejabat Paten Amerika the differences
Syarikat untuk kotak ais mudah alih. Paten dikeluarkan pada of previous
22 disember 1953. products. A
summary of
those differenc-
es needs to be

made.

Syarikat Coleman mempopularkan sejuk dengan
tawaran permulaan ‘galvanized cooler’pada tahun 1954. Tiga
tahun kemudian, Coleman memgembangkan satu proses
untuk membuat pelapis plastik untuk penyejuk dan jag.

2.3 KONSEP TEORI Students need
to show and
Rajah 2.2 Chiller explain the
Peti sejuk ialah alat mekanik untuk menyimpan dan concept and
memeliharakan makanan yang cepat rosak. Alatan ini pada theory of a
dasarnya direka bentuk sebagai unit penyejuk dengan petak working refrig-
sejuk beku yang berkongsi sistem penyejukannya dengan lagi erator and
sebuah petak untuk suhu sejuk yang dibekalkan di luar takat preferably a
sejuk beku.
diagram.
Here students
do not explain
the concept/-

theory of
refrigerator in

detail.

7

Jadual 1 Jenis-jenis Thermoelectric Peltier Students are
encouraged to
MULTISTAGE HIGH TEMPERATURE use in table form
as well as explain
HIGH PERFORMANCE SERIES = PARALLEL the differences in

terms of
advantages and
disadvantages. A

summary of
those differences

needs to be
made. Students'

opinions as a
result of the
summary are
also highly
encouraged
(critical thinking).

2.4.5 TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER Students
should
Pengendalian suhu atau temperature controller mer- describe the
upakana komponen yang melaraskan suhu sesebuah sistem specifications
agar ia sentiasa kekal pada takat suhu yang ditetapkan sistem of tool
tersebut.Komponen ini sering didapati dalamalat yang ber- components.
fungsi melalui pengawalan suhu sama ada untuk tujuan pem-
anasan atau penyejukkan, seperti pemanasan bangunan dan
pemanasan air.

2.4.5.1 Digital Temperature Controller XH-W1209

8

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, students should be able to explain clearly the methodology that they
applied in their project. Methodology is how a researcher systematically design a study
or project to ensure valid and reliable results that address the study or project aims and
objectives. a good methodology chapter in a dissertation or thesis explains not just what
methodological choices were made, but also explains why they were made. In other
words, the methodology chapter should justify the design choices, by showing that the
chosen methods and techniques are the best fit for the research aims and objectives, and
will provide valid and reliable results. For introduction of this chapter, this question might
help to brief the introduction of methodology chapter:

i. How important of methodology to project?
ii. What effect of good methodology to project?
iii. How methodology help to finish the project?
iv. Conclusion of content in this topic.

Example of project report: Susunan sama spt yg Writing in this part is
Smart Portable Chiller (SPC) lain acceptable. Student
state the important of
3.1 PENGENALAN good methodology to

project.

Bab ini membincangkan mengenai cadangan merekabentuk projek dan turutan
proses pembangunan projek sehingga selesai perlaksanaan projek ini mengikut masa
yang ditetapkan.

Merodologi kajian merupakan suatu perancangan yang rapi dari segi perjalanan
projek. Bagi melancarkan proses perancangan projek,metodologi haruslah disusun
dengan sebaik mungkin. Dengan ini, setiap perinhkat perjalanan proses projek tidak
akan terkeluar dari landasan yang telah ditetapkan.Oleh itu, perancangan amat pent-
ing untuk mengetahui dan memahami dengan mendalam setiap proses yang terdapat
dalam struktur metodologi kajian.

Untuk memastikan perlaksanaan projek ini berjalan dengan lancar, lang- kah-
langkah yang sistematik perlu dirancang terlebih dahulu dengan mengikut urutanyang
betul, antara langkah-langkah yang diambil adalah seperti berikut :

9

3.2 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

In this part, Gantt and Flowchart might be prepared.

a. Gantt chart
A Gantt chart is a bar chart that provides a visual view of project tasks scheduled
over time. A Gantt chart is used for project planning, and we can easily see:
i. The start date of the project schedule.
ii. What the project tasks are.
iii. Which team member is working on each task.
iv. When activities start and finish.
v. The percent complete for each activity.
vi. How tasks group together, overlap and link with each other.
vii. Task dependencies such as finish-to-start, start-to-start, finish-to-finish and
start-to-finish.
viii. Milestones and project phases on the schedule.
ix. The critical path of the project.
x. The finish date of the project.

Example:
Smart Portable Chiller (SPC)

This Gantt
chart is accept-
able. The esti-
mation date for
every activity

should be
state. The
duration of
every activity
must be speci-
fied based on
the difficulty of
the activity.

b. Project Flow chart
Project flow chart is a visual aid/ diagram to understand the methodology you're using
to manage the project. Its show the process/ activity involved from beginning to the
end of the project. By using flowchart, you can:

10

i. Illustrate the sequence of activities required for its completion
ii. Highlight possible work flow issues
iii. Find out about areas where efficiency, quality or performance can be improved
iv. Show high volumes of information on a single screen thus allowing you to handle

large amounts of information
v. Assign different colour schemes to different activities and processes, easing their

interpretation.

Start

Problem statement, Project Selection
objectives

Literature review, Product Design
design. Product Development

Project 1
Project 2

Testing

Analysis And Result

Finish
Figure 3.1: Project FlowchartFigure 3.1: Project Flowchart

11

Example of project report: Sequential
Smart Portable Chiller (SPC) activity/
3.2.1 CARTA ALIR METODOLOGI process not
suitable.
Mengenalpasti Masalah Activity/
process-sistem
Analisis Produk is hard to
define. Sistem
Rekabentuk Produk might be one
of the product
Perlaksanaan Projek part. Name of
activity/
Sistem process use in
Rajah 3.1 Gantt chat and
Flowchart must
be same.

3.2.1 Project selection

Project selection is a method of evaluating each project concept and choosing the
most important one. The chosen one will be the project to implement. In this
part, what you need to explain is about these:
a. How you get the project idea – current situation/ reading/ actual problem/

industrial problem etc.
b. How many project ideas you propose – more than one idea or how?
c. If more than one idea you propose, what method to select the best idea?

Because polytechnics include design thinking in their curriculum, an explanation
of how to use it should be included. Empathize and define the process involved in
this section.
.

Concive Design Implementation Operate

12

Example of project report:
3.2.2SmaPrrtoPdourcttaDbleesCighniller (SPC)

There is no
explanation on
how the topic

is chosen

3.2.2 Product Design

Literature Review
The main reason of this part is to understand more details anything related to the
chosen topic/ idea so that the solution in the project can really achieved the objective
or in the other word settle the problem that you identified. A literature review is both a
process and a product. As a process, it involves searching for information related to
your project, to familiarize yourself with the relevant project and to identify issues and
gaps in the project. For project, these should be in this part:

a. Design
b. Mechanism
c. Materials
d. Assembly – how to join the parts
e. Software
f. Hardware

Justification of a. b. c. d. e. f. should be given clearly supported with relevant evidence.
For example:

i. Why you choose using solar instead of electrical supply? What advantage
of solar to the project? Is the best for project?

ii. Why material aluminium use in project structure? What is the reason?
Other materials are not suitable for the project?

iii. What is the reason of using MIG welding to joining the parts? Is the others
method not suitable? What is advantage of using MIG welding?

At the end of the literature review, design concept idea should be proposed using
sketching or proper drawing with dimension and views (iso/ front/side/top etc).

13

Example of project report: There is no expla-
Smart Portable Chiller (SPC) nation about

3.2.3 Idea of product design product design.
LAKARAN REKA BENTUK DALAM CATIA Suggestion: The
details of litera-
ture review on
Chapter 2. For
chapter 3, the
brief should be
given on how
chapter 2 done,
how you find the
related references.

The sketch is
shown in their
report included
variety of view
and dimension.
Suggestion: They
should explain the
process for the
design. It must be
come from design
idea and choose
the best from the
idea. The sketch of
the design is the
chosen one.

14

List of materials Aluminium In this part,
KOMPONEN student list the
Digunakan untuk material and the
PEMASANGAN dijadikan rangka part of the project
luar bahagian portable for these materi-
HASIL fridge
als.
Menggunakan alat Suggestion: The
kimpal mig untuk size or how many
menyambungkan they need for the
bentuk materials should
be include in this
Bentuk yang part. The clear
bersesuaian mengikut justification or
saiz yang ditetapkan reason of using

aluminium is
based on litera-
ture review in

chapter 2.

3.2.4 Project Development

a. Development of Project 1

During project 1, students should list everything that might been used in their project.

The list included:

i. Design iv. Assembly – how to join the parts

ii. Mechanism v. Software

iii. Materials vi. Hardware

Don’t confuse the list i. to vi. in this part since you might use the same list for literature
review in chapter 2. The main different in chapter 3 you just mention which one has been
chosen base on your understanding in chapter 2. For example, your project need to use
system in order to control the on/off lamp. Thing that might struck in mind is what control
system should be use? Is the system the best for the project? and etc. All those thing will
be found on chapter 2. Your study and research in chapter 2 about the system will direct
you the best system should be used. In chapter 3, you just mention the system, how the
system looks like, how to use the system. Example on how to write: on/off for lamp in this
project is control by Arduino system.

15

Example of project report: Aluminium In this part,
Smart Portable Chiller (SPC) student list the
List of materials Digunakan untuk material and the
KOMPONEN dijadikan rangka part of the project
luar bahagian portable for these materi-
PEMASANGAN fridge
als.
Menggunakan alat Suggestion: The
kimpal mig untuk size or how many
menyambungkan they need for the
bentuk materials should
be include in this
HASIL part. The clear
justification or
Bentuk yang reason of using
bersesuaian mengikut
saiz yang ditetapkan aluminium is
based on litera-
ture review in

chapter 2.

student list the
software and
hardware used to
control the on/off
but not include the
details explana-

tion.
Suggestion: The
chosen of this

software and
hardware should
be done in chap-
ter2: literature

review.

16

b. Development of project 2 (Chapter 4)

This part basically for project 2. The result must be shown as an evident of
product development. The details drawing using CAD must be prepared follow
the standard include part by part and assembly drawing. Dependent and inde
pendent part should be identifying. For example, the project to control on/off
lamp, development of the project shown these:

i. Drawing of the project: Part and assembly drawing.
ii. The coding of the system using Arduino.
iii. The communication in between software and hardware.
iv. Demonstrate the project.

3.2.5 Testing of product.

Testing should be done to make sure the project is able to achieve the objectives. The
failure during testing must be correct immediately. The failure might be on the product or
the result of the project. The failure on the product because of sentence parts on the
product is fails to function and the failure on the result is because the failure on the
design stage/process. These mistake lead the minor or major correction.

3.2.6 Analysis and results

.The Results section includes the following elements:
A very brief introduction background that restates the study topic and aids

. comprehension of your findings.
Report on data collection, recruitment, and/or participants.
A systematic description of the main findings in a logical order (generally

. following the order of the Methods section), highlighting the most relevant
results.
Other important secondary findings, such as secondary outcomes or sub

. group analyses (remember that you do not need to mention any single
result).
Visual elements, such as, figures, charts, maps, tables, etc. that summarize
and illustrate the findings. These elements should be cited in the text and
numbered in order. Figures and tables should be able to stand on its own
without the text, which means that the legend should include enough
information to understand the non-textual element.

17

REFERENCE

1. Fuad Mohamed Berawi. (2021), Panduan Menulis Tesis, Sintok Kedah:
Universiti Utara Malaysia.

2. Norhisham Osman. “Cara Menulis Literature Review Dengan Mudah &
Cepat!”. Internet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDeb7RcL-mg
[2 Oktober 2021].

3. Tiada nama. (2021), Buku Panduan Pelaksanaan Projek Pelajar
(Program Diploma) Politeknik Malaysia, Putrajaya: Bahagian Instruksional
dan Pembelajaran Digital JPPKK.

18

SITI ATIQA AL ZAHRA BINTI MAT DARUS

MUSALMAH BINTI KAMARUDIN

MOHD BUKHARI BIN MD JAHI

do it right

Mechanical Engineering
Department,
Polytechnics of
Sultan Azlan Shah.