ATGB2303 Assignment Group Report by DAR1 Woon Shiao Thung

Plan

1.1 Modification on plan
For living room, fixed window is chosen .It can offer a large yet expansive view (

Overhead Door Company of Indianapolis & Muncie, 2021).This feature especially fits the
orientation of the living room next to the yard which the landscaping can be highlighted. It is
also energy-efficient as air cannot leak in or out especially with the presence of air conditioner in
living room .It is low-maintenance also as it has no handles or less hardware to deal with
(Overhead Door Company of Indianapolis & Muncie, 2021) .This even ease the client’s cleaning
work in future.The window in the kitchen is suggested to be a casement window. The simplest
form of casement window consists of a square or rectangular window frame hinged at one side of
the window frame and usually open outward. It will provide better ventilation as the opening is
larger compared to other types of windows and so the condition of air movement is more suitable
to use in the kitchen. For the bathroom window, the awning window is chosen. Awning windows
offer superior privacy options to other openable windows, such as awning windows can be
placed higher on wells than many other types of windows. High window placement is useful for
capturing natural light and ventilation while also maximising your wall space (Wideline,2020).

Bifold door is chosen for bathroom as it does not require much space around the doorway
to swing and thus can utilise small space within the bathroom efficiently. It also tends to lock
from multiple points which provide further security .Since the door track is nearly flush to the
floor, it means that there is a level threshold (Vibrant Doors Ltd,n.d.). This can surely secure the
client and even children from stumbling over.As the plan showed that the entry of the garden is
a type of 3 panel bypass sliding door, it has limited the opening and induced a blockage and
wastage of the space. Therefore, the door recommended for the ground floor garden entry is a
folding door. A folding door consists of hinged door panels fold flat against one another when
opened. It requires little operating space and provides almost the entire entranceway. The hinges
that used in a folding door are the butt hinges and a heavy duty roller. The lockset that normally
used in a folding door is a mortice lockset with a lever handle.Besides, the original door for the
balcony shown in the plan is also a 3 panel bypass sliding door. It is suggested to use a bypass
sliding door. Although it only has a 50% of doorway width, it suits the area of the opening as the
balcony is quite small and it is much easier for the movement and provides more privacy.The
door in the kitchen showed a swinging door in the plan. It is suggested to be replaced by a metal
door to act as a security door as it is connected to the outdoors. Steel is used as it is heavy and
sturdy. A metal door has strong anti-theft design and more economic, durable and elegance
compared to timber and plastic doors. Sliding door is chosen for bedrooms because we consider
it a place for rest and needs strong privacy, so we choose sliding doors for a great way to create
privacy. It also saves energy than the other doors, such as the door will swing close by itself
(Tanzila Bhuiyan, n.d.)

Floor finishing for living room, bedrooms and staircase are porcelain tiles .This is
because porcelain clays are denser and thus less porous . As results,it also tends to be hard and
impervious to moisture . Due to its through-body composition, it is considered more durable and
better suited for heavy usage .This can surely prevent client from inconvenience of maintenance
problem . For bathroom's luxury vinyl tiles ,it is durable and waterproof which suit bathroom's
usage(Ambience Hardwood Flooring,2020).Photographic layer on it which usually designed to
mimic natural timber or stone can add aesthetic quality to space also(Carpet Call,2020). For the
kitchen ,luxury vinyl plank is chosen for extreme durability. For high traffic areas like the
kitchen, luxury vinyl plank can last for years without any problems. Since luxury vinyl plank is
water-proofed,it can work well also after spilled food and flood (Ferma Flooring ,n.d. ) . For
balcony , WPC (Wood Plastic Composite) decking used .This is because it resembles real wood
which the place pleasant to our eyes .Moreover ,it also has high durability as it does not split,
crack or splinter easily .In the long run ,it needs only low maintenance . Colors and shades of
composite decking can remain without the varnishing or sanding. It also tends to have long
lifespan as the composition of itself .Usage of plastic material allows wpc decking to have
strong waterproof ability and thoroughly reduce moisture problems. It can withstand local
weather also as the finishings will maintain even exposed to hot sun and water (JenFloor Design
Sdn Bhd,n.d.).

Wall finishing for the living room is paper backing wallpaper. This is because paper
backing wallpaper are the sound absorption and insulation properties it adds to a room and the
aesthetic of wider width creates fewer seams. We consider that the living room is an
entertainment room and also a noisy environment. For not disturbing other members resting from
the bedrooms, so we choose paper backing wallpaper for the living room. It also does no direct
damage to walls, and the original fabric colour, texture and quality will remain (Designer 12 Ltd
T/A Walltex UK). After that, we choose subway tiles for bathrooms because it’s easy to be
cleaned. Subway tiles are also easier for installation than others. Subway tiles look shiny and
clean easily, making them the perfect choice for bathroom, they brighten up with any style of
hardware, from silver, chrome, gold or even brushed nickel (Pro-flooring, 2016). For the
bedrooms and stair, we choose glossy paint from Dulux. The reasons why we choose glossy
paint is durable and fungus resistance, the glossy paint also saves money than others wall
finishing (Houselogic, n.d.). Next, we choose matt tiles for the kitchen. This is because matt tiles
can better conceal smudges, stains and dried water droplets. Matt tiles also do not required
cleaning, and when you do clean them, there is no need to be as vigilant for water and soap
marks (Pentagontiles, 2018)

Gazebo is added at the lawn to create perfect gathering spaces for clients either for family
board game night or chatting while enjoying the fresh air and sunny day . Aside from creating a
purpose-built conversation nook and relaxation corner ,it also can add the property value of the
whole building itself.It will also add usable living space to your property, which effectively adds
square footage to your home(Backyard Unlimited ,n.d.)

A multi swing door is chosen for the entry door. This is because the entry door has to be
good looking from the inside and also outside of the house, and also needs to be durable and
most importantly be safe, so the multi swing door is suitable for entry doors (Reliance Home,
n.d.). After that, we choose Double Layer Laminated Glass for the panel of the multi swing door
because we consider that entry doors need strong privacy, and the household are still able to see
through outside but for the people at outside are unable to see through inside of the house.

1.2 Door
Driveway

The Cambridge Biparting Swing Driveway Gate is chosen since it requires less maintenance and
generally is cheaper to install as it has fewer moving parts (Australian Security Fencing, 2021).
Swing gates can be opened internally and externally which allow easier access to vehicles to
approach from both sides and it is also considered the safer option as it can prevent little hands or
fingers from being caught (Australian Security Fencing, 2021). Besides, the swing gate does not
need any spaces to slide back and only requires a pair of hinges to fully operate it (Gate Drive
System, 2020). It also provides smooth and quiet operation with only a quick spray of lubricant
around its hinges (Garage Doors Inspired by the Great Outdoors, 2020). The swing gate can be
secured by latch, or locked with a deadlock, padlock, or combination keypad lock to increase the
security (KP Engineering Works Ltd, 1990).

Figure 1.2.1: Cambridge Biparting Swing Driveway Gate(Amazing Gates, 2021).

Balcony

The recommended folding door is a 5-panels folding door, a product from Reliance Home,
Malaysia. The size of the door is 300cm width x240cm height. It is divided into 2 and 3 panels at
a side to open in two directions allowing around 90% of the opening space. The thick and strong
aluminium frame is available in black, grey and white colours (Reliance Home, 2019). It is
suggested to be an outdoor door as it has a strong anti-jump track system to enhance security
feature and provided with a non-shattered glass which consist of two layer laminated glass
(Reliance Home, 2019). It filters up to 99% of UV ray and reduce 70% sound transmission
through the mohair sealed at the sides of panels (Reliance Home, 2019). Besides, it provides
multi locking points of mortice locks and a lever handle to keep it secured (Reliance Home,
2019). It provides heavy duty roller system and the use of folding hinges to enable the folding
movement (Reliance Home, 2019).

Figure 1.2.2 & 1.2.3: The 5-panels folding door (Reliance Home, 2019)

Figure 1.2.4: The folding hinges and heavy duty roller (Reliance Home, 2019)
The door selected is a 2 panel bypass sliding door which has a minimum dimension of 180cm
width and 210cm height. It offers two layers of non-shattered laminated glass which can filter up
to 99% UV rays and reduce heat transmission and thick, lightweight aluminium frame (Reliance
Home, 2021). It reduce 80% of sound transmission by using the mohair sealer (Reliance Home,
2021). Besides, the door provides a stopper at the bottom edge of panel to reduce the collision
sound and a 4-hook lock-in system with handle (Reliance Home, 2021).

Figure 1.2.5: The 2 panel bypass sliding door (Reliance Home, 2021)

Figure 1.2.6: The stopper at the panel edge (Reliance Home, 2021)

Bedrooms
Swing door with acrylic panel from Reliance Home is chosen. The reason why we choose swing
door from Reliance Home is because they can infil different panels in the door (Reliance Home,
n.d). Hence, the panel that I chose is a double-layer laminated glass. The reason that I choose
laminated glass is because it has a good sound reduction (Reliance Home), which can reduce the
sound from outside of the bedrooms for having a good rest. Other than that, laminated glass is
safe, strong and has a good security (Reliance Home, n.d). They have 10 different colors with 2
different types which is Clear Base and Translucent Base for laminated glass (Reliance Home,
n.d.), and the color that I choose is Emerald Green from Translucent Base. I choose this color
because it looks nice and also privacy protected.

Figure 1.2.7 & 1.2.8: Swing door with double-layer laminated glass & Double-layer Laminated
Glass Color variation (Reliance Home, n.d.)

Kitchen door
The metal door selected is a product from YSE, which is 3.5ft (106.68cm) width and 7ft
(213.36cm) height. The door is a single-layer door and copper in colour together with the
stainless steel grilles. It uses the stainless steel heavy duty hinges to allow the opening movement
(YSE, 2016). It provides a better security system as it has a double latch lock, an inner door lock
and two vice locks at bottom and top (YSE,2016). Besides, it can opt to apply an anti-panic lock
which means the door can be opened without a key from inside (YSE, 2016).

Figure 1.2.9, 1.2.10 & 1.2.11: The double latch lock, vice lock and inner door lock (YSE, 2016)

Figure 1.2.12: Zen Series YS-604 Metal Door (YSE, 2016)

Bathroom

Figure 1.2.13: Bifold door with acrylic panel Figure 1.2.14 : Acrylic panel colour
(Reliance Home, n.d.) variation
(Reliance Home, n.d.)

Bifold door with acrylic panel from Reliance Home is chosen .By having water-resistant
properties ,it never causes warps or swelling on door surfaces as moisture will not be built up
even subject to soap .The door chosen is termite-proof as well (Reliance Home n.d.) hence only
minimal maintenance is required . Plus, it also offers an affordable price compared to glass
(Reliance Home n.d.).This suits the multiple installation of 4 bathrooms shown in plan as it is the
best option economically . It features multi-point locking systems, which are internally beaded
frames and high-security hinges (Romsey Conservatory Company Ltd, 2021).Acrylic panel used
makes the door lighter but yet 10 times stronger than the plastic.It even comes with a 5 year
warranty for non-yellowing. (Reliance Home n.d.). Not only that , a wider range of colours is
available (Reliance Home n.d.) .This can boost the aesthetic quality of the space .

Entry door
A Multi Swing door from Reliance Home is chosen. Their multi swing door consist of a strong
aluminium profile and a Double Layer Laminated Glass to ensure that our systems operate
effortlessly as well as ensure you years of reliability and security (Reliance Home). After that,
their frame powder coated into more than 20 colour of choices, and also 6.38mm thickness of
Double Layer Laminated Glass comes in many colors such as , clear green, clear blue, clear
brown, clear black to frosted white, frosted green, frosted blue, frosted brown, frosted black and
so on. After that, the combination of both of the aluminium frame and Laminated Glass are very
smooth and sleek looking, and almost maintenance free.

Figure 1.2.15: Multi swing door (Reliance Home, n.d.)

1.3 Window
Living room
Fixed windows by German Windows Malaysia are fixed at both sides of the balcony door .It can
reduce perceived noise by up to 99% as it consists of laminated, soundproof glass. It also has a
multi-chamber profile system to further maximize sound reduction . German hardware is used to
ensure smooth function and tight sealing of the window itself (German Windows,n.d.). Plus
,professional installation is offered with high-grade Polyurethane Foam ,which suitable for sound
and heat insulations and even act as waterproof barriers as a pluspoint (Akfix,2019) This feature
suits Malaysia’s equatorial climate ,which has heavy rainfall and 2550mm of mean annual
rainfall on peninsula (Lockhard , 2021) For security , it has steel reinforced aluminium frames
for strength purposes. Besides ,the thermal break by German Window aluminium profile helps
minimize heat transfer better .This could save energy bills for client .

Figure 1.3.1: Fixed windows in construction (German Windows,n.d.)

Figure 1.3.2: German Windows aluminium profile (German Windows,n.d.)

Master Bedroom
A master bedroom is a place for people to rest and have their own privacy, which requires the
best energy efficiency, most comfort, and often additional privacy. Therefore, the suggested
window for the master bedroom is a casement window in a fix-casement-fix combination which
is among the most popular window installations as it has high energy efficiency and high level
comfort (Ecoline Windows, 2021). Casement windows always provide superior ventilation with
its big opening and also allow a nice breeze into your room. Besides, casement windows also
feature fewer muntins which yields a greater view of the landscape that results in a simple
transition between outdoor and interior (Renewal by Andersen, 2021). Casement windows also
provide superior security which the locks are embedded into the frame, enhancing the safety and
security (Weather Shield, 2021).

Figure 1.3.3: Vinyl Fix-Casement-Fix Window (Ecoline Windows, 2021).
Vinyl fix-casement-fix window from Ecoline Windows is chosen as this combination puts
together a casement window and two fixed inoperable one. The inoperable windows provide
additional energy efficiency and the operable casement part allows for ventilation. The frame of
the casement window is made of vinyl because it offers great performance and durability for a
lower price. The casement itself comes with a fold-down handle to save space and a multi-point
lock system to maximize the security. The operable casement can open right or left depending on
preference with heavy-duty hardware which is the easy-to-operate stainless steel hinges. Each of
the panels has a 600mm width so the total width for three panels will be 1800mm in order to fit
the area.

Figure 1.3.4, 1.3.5 & 1.3.6: Fold down-handle, multi-point lock and heavy-duty hardware
(Ecoline Windows, 2021).

Bedroom
A bedroom is a place for people to rest, therefore double hung windows are selected which are
the most common styles among all the windows. Double hung windows have two operating
sashes in the window frame that can move up and down and also tilt in which allow for
ventilation on the top, bottom or both. Installing double hung windows in a bedroom will
increase the energy efficiency which can drastically reduce heating and cooling costs. For its
cooling benefits, double hung windows have a benefit for the client to install window AC units
which the air conditioner can be placed easily and secured in place of window since the sashes
move up and down (WeatherShield, 2014).

Figure 1.3.7: Essential Double Hung (Marvin, 2021).
Essential double hung from Marvin is chosen for the bedroom window. It offers a classic look
with clean lines and simplified design. The windows frame have strong, durable, high-density
fiberglass to the exterior and interior, this window is virtually maintenance-free. The width of the
double hung windows is 794mm for each panel which can be suited in the area of the bedroom.
It has a classic low-profile durable hardware for clean aesthetics, safety, and security. Dual pane
is applied for the glass with two panes of glass with Low E coatings and insulated with argon gas
to increase energy efficiency effectively (Marvin, 2021).

Figure 1.3.8 & 1.3.9: Dual pane and white non operable sash lock (Marvin, 2021).

Kitchen

Figure 1.3.10: The LUXE- Casement Window (Reliance Home, 2016)
The window selected for the kitchen is The LUXE casement window from the Reliance Home. It
provides an aluminium frame and variety colour choices of double layer laminated glass
(Reliance Home, 2016). The opening system is done by having the hinge bar at the side with a
die cast handle which is black or white (Reliance Home, 2016). Other than that, the window has
2 point locking system to enhance the security by using the lock bar with different sizes provided
(Reliance Home, 2016). Each panels has a 762mm width so it is recommended to have two
panels of window as to suit the area provided in the kitchen.

Figure 1.3.11 & 1.3.12: The lock bar and hinge bar (Reliance Home, 2016)

Bathroom
A bathroom is a place that is used to bath or shower and typically also a washbasin and a toilet.
Then, the suitable window for the bathroom is awning windows. The reason why we suggest
awning windows for the bathroom is because they provide protection from the weather while still
allowing for ventilation (Weather Shield, 2014). For example, the rain water will not go inside of
the buildings even when the window is open. We choose an aluminium awning window from
Reliance Home. We consider the bathroom is a wet place, so aluminium is suitable for it since it
prevents rusting material. We choose a translucent base double-layer laminated glass with the
color emerald green. We choose double-layer laminated glass because if it is broken, laminated
safety glass will remain intact in its frame and will continue to safeguard the building until the
glass is replaced (Reliance Home, n.d.). Hence, we consider the strong privacy for the bathroom,
so we choose a translucent base for the laminated glass.

Figure 1.3.13: Aluminium awning window with double-layer laminated glass
(Reliance Home, n.d.)

1.4 Floor finishing
Living room & staircase
Polished Porcelain named Olympus Keystone White is chosen for floor tiles in living room
.Among sizes provided , 60cm x 60cm size of tiles is chosen(Guocera Holdings Sdn Bhd,n.d.)
.This is because of with larger planks, less grouts will be shown and reduce the compact feeling
in the space. To further making the space look bigger , light color is chosen . Lighter coloured
flooring can expand the perceived size of room and can open the space right up( Kennington
Flooring Ltd ,n.d.).Paler shades of floor tiles tends to reflect light also.It will make the space
more inviting which suit living room's functionality . Plain colour of tiles is chosen to avoid
making a space feel cramped as highly patterned tiles will dominate and visually ramp up how
busy the room is(Square Foot Ceramics Ltd,n.d.).As results ,the barrier between the internal
living space and external landscape can be mediate well with the partially brightness outside can
be reflected inside. Besides , the damage on tile is nearly invisible as the color continues all the
way through the whole tiles unlike ceramic tiles and other glazed porcelain tiles . (Lee,2021)

Figure 1.4.1 Olympus Keystone White(Guocera Holdings Sdn Bhd,n.d.)
Figure 1.4.2 Expected finish outcome (Guocera Holdings Sdn Bhd,n.d.)

Bathroom & kitchen

Luxury Vinyl Tiles by LIVINN is chosen .This plank comes in tile size of 184mm x 950mm
(PrimeLay,n.d.) .The small size of tiles will make the installation easier as cutting can be
minimised . It has anti-slip property of R10 which suitable enough for bathroom
usage(PrimeLay,n.d.).This can further guarantee the safety of client especially the elders and
children in the bathroom. For VOC emission ,it complies with the requirements of ISO16000 and
have a A+(PrimeLay,n.d.). This pluspoint can surely avoid risk of wide variety of health effects
that come from off-gassing VOCs to client ,ranging in severity from minor throat irritation to
increased risk of leukemia and lymphoma.Some symptoms that can accompany exposure to
VOCs include eye, nose, and throat irritation, dizziness, headaches, loss of coordination, fatigue,
nose bleeds, and skin irritation.( Floor Coverings International ,n.d.). This will further ensure
comfort of people with allergies and young children or pregnant women which are sensitive to
VOC.

Figure 1.4.3 Luxury Vinyl Tiles (PrimeLay,n.d.)

Bedroom

BMS porcelain tiles have been chosen to as bedroom tiles .It is a polished glazed porcelain
(PGP) (Jubin BMS,n.d.) .Hence .the tiles tend to have have a bright shine and an elegant finish
(HomeDecorBliss,2020). To have better connectivity between spaces ,the types of tiles chosen is
the same as that of the living room ,which is porcelain tiles . However ,to give the better visually
appealing affect incorporating the blue walls , off-whites colour of tiles is chosen
(HomeDecorBliss,2020).

Figure 1.4.4 BMS porcelain tiles (Jubin BMS,n.d.)

Balcony
WPC (Wood Plastic Composite)decking in Teak Classic design from INEEDDECKING is
chosen .It is made from recycled HDPE plastic, instead of PVC as found in other products in the
market. By using HDPE plastic which has large strength to density ratio as teak wood is
used.Hence, the finishing is harder and more opaque.For weathering factor ,it can withstand
higher temperature (120°C).Not only that ,it offers natural UV barrier properties .For
example,high degree of UV stability and resistance to extreme weather .Considering about the
outdoor condition exposed to , the material chosen is also termite resistant and anti fungus, no
mould, rot,or algae will be causing damage to the deck .The care needed for this product is
minimal since no painting, staining or any surface treatment is required. It is totally safe place for
children and pet to play and stay as it is free of harmful chemicals and it is produced using
sustainable processes. Lastly , this product is an eco-friendly product by optimising concept of
reusing in composition .For examples, 60% of recycled Teak Wood, 30% of HDPE,10% of
environmentally friendly chemicals are mainly used fir production of this WPC decking
(INEEDDECKING,n.d.)

Figure 1.4.5 WPC decking in Teak Classic design ( INEEDDECKING ,n.d.)

1.5 Wall Finishing
Living room
The wall finishing for the living room is paper backing wallpaper, from Mk Curtain named The
Soho Wallpaper 56118_2. This wallpaper is excellent light fastness, and for details are 1.06m x
18.6m per roll size, 4kg weight per roll, and RM280 per roll. The benefits of this supplier is we
have 4 types of colour to choose, which is white, grey, cream, brown. This supplier is also giving
a 36 months warranty (Mk Curtain, n.d.). After that, we consider that the living room is a family
gathering room and also an entertainment room. So, the paper backing wallpaper offers wall
insulation properties and acts as acoustical aid by reducing sound (Designer 12 Ltd T/A Walltex
UK, 2018).

Figure 1.5.1 paper backing wallpaper
(Mk Curtain, n.d.)

Bathroom
Subway tiles from GNG Tile Malaysia & Terracotta Tile are chosen. Subway tiles create a new
style in decoration, valorised by the chamfered surface effect to give architects and interior
designers an endless range of composition solutions, to enrich any ambience. GNG Tile Malaysia
& Terracotta Tile has 27 types of design for the subway tiles. The subway tiles that I choose are
B1209 B Glossy with the size 100 x 200mm, RM2.80 per piece (GNG Tile Malaysia &
Terracotta Tile, n.d.). The reason that we choose subway tiles from them is because they are a
homegrown Malysian tile company procuring and supplying fine architectural tiles for the
residential and commercial markets (GNG Tile Malaysia & Terracotta Tile, n.d.). We choose this
colour for the bathroom because we consider that the little dirt will not shown clearly on the tiles,
and it’s also easy to clean it.

Figure 1.5.2 Subway tiles
(GNG Tile Malaysia & Terracotta Tile, n.d.)

Bedrooms & stair
Gloss paint from Dulux called Dulux Aura High Gloss is chosen. The product from them is high
gloss and excellent gloss retention, has an excellent colour fastness (Dulux, n.d.). After that, we
consider that bedroom is a place for rest so we will not always clean our walls. This product is
excellent durability and fungus resistance, so we don’t need to worry about the dirtiness of the
walls for the bedroom. The important things are the product is not added any lead and mercury,
and also certified with Malaysian Standards MS125:1995 (Dulux, n.d.). The colour that we
choose is barton blue from the soft blue category. This is because blue colour will make humans
feel chill, so that we can rest well.

Figure 1.5.3 gloss paint Figure 1.5.4 Barton Blue

(Dulux, n.d.) (Dulux, n.d.)

Kitchen

Matt tiles from Wall Planet called Hexagon - Black is chosen. These tiles sold per sheet and
every sheet of them has 256 x 297 mm. Their matt tiles are made of porcelain and look best with
contrasting grout (Wall Planet, n.d.). Then, we consider that kitchen is a place for cooking. So,
these matt tiles are very suitable for kitchens. This is because their matt tiles are very easy to
clean and maintain. After that, we choose black colour for the tiles because black colour will not
show the dirts easily, and also black colour with hexagon shape feels lightly textured like a
painted wall.

Figure 1.5.5
(Wall Planet, n.d.)

1.6 Ceiling Finishing
USG Boral Unispan is selected for ceiling finishing throughout the whole house. It is made of
reinforced gypsum board that can fit perfectly into ceiling tees and it is a ceiling tile that
provides high quality smooth finish with good light reflectance. This well embossed surface is
finished with quality paint to provide an aesthetic appeal. The dimension of the ceiling tile is
1219mm x 2438mm with its thickness which is 10mm and it is pre-painted gray (USG Boral,
2021). It is chosen because the material that is used in the ceiling tile is gypsum board which is
flexible and sturdy. Besides, it also offers fire protection and good thermal insulation to increase
heat resistance and always keep the surrounding cool (Livspace.com, 2020).

Figure 1.6.1: USG Boral Unispan (USG Boral, 2021).
1.7 Other product
Gazebo

Figure 1.7.1Gazebo by Anjung Resak

A gazebo by Anjung Resak is chosen to be placed at the side of the yard . This is because the
materials used are mostly woods such as meranti wood (Anjung Resak,n.d.). A wooden gazebo
will tend to bring warmth and a rustic, traditional feeling(Assured Landscape,n.d.). This suits the
relaxation use of yard beside the client's house.Not only that ,it can allow better fusion of natural
greenery than metal gazebo from the view within house towards outdoor yard through sliding
door . Since the intention is to create an rather open area ,the gazebo design chosen is not
enclosed much with wooden lattice . The finishings applied on the gazebo is varnish . This will
further protect the gazebo from rain and the growth of fungus(Anjung Resak,n.d.).Hence ,it is
able to withstand Malaysia's weather which includes being exposed to rain and hot sun . Plus ,it
also serves anti-UV purposes itself(Anjung Resak,n.d.). Hence ,the clients can spend quality time
within gazebo itself without exposing themselves to the risk of ultraviolet rays.

Individual

Woon Shiao Thung (20WVD03635)

1. A green building focuses on increasing the efficiency of resource use including energy,
water, and materials . It is designed to reduce building impact on human health and the
environment during the building’s lifecycle, through better siting, design, construction,
operation, maintenance, and removal. It should be designed and operated to reduce the overall
impact of the built environment on its surroundings(Greenbuildingindex Sdn Bhd,2020) Any
building can be a green building regardless the home, an office, a school, a hospital, a
community centre, or any other structure, provided it is able to achieve the objectives above.

However, it is worth noting that not all green buildings need to be the same. This is
because different countries and regions have various characteristics such as distinctive climatic
conditions, unique cultures and traditions, diverse building types and ages, or wide-ranging
environmental, economic and social priorities which all of these factors shape their approach to
green building(World Green Building Council,n.d.). Hence , a green building rating tool
specially tailored for Malaysia ,Green Building Index(GBI) is introduced. It serves to promote
sustainability in the built environment and raise awareness among Developers, Architects,
Engineers, Planners, Designers, Contractors and the Public about environmental issues and our
responsibility to the future generations.

There are six essential criterias to be considered during the rating process .Firstly , energy
efficiency which can help in eliminating the emission of greenhouse gases by reducing the
energy demand(GBI greenbuildingindex ,2020 ) This covers how the building’s design deals
with the distribution of energy and its consumption. By increasing energy efficiency we reduce
the wastage of energy and thus use fewer resources for creating energy, which in turn reduces its
carbon footprint(IQI Global,2017). Besides , indoor environmental quality which emphasizes on
the natural passive designs and active mechanical solutions to improve air quality ,acoustics and
visual comfort(GBI greenbuildingindex ,2020). Plus , sustainable site planning and management
which promotes connectivity of building itself to public transportation and community services
(GBI greenbuildingindex ,2020) . The fourth criteria is material and resources which encourages
the usage of environmental friendly building material and proper waste management(GBI
greenbuildingindex ,2020). Next , water efficiency which prevent unnecessary wastage of water.
For example,recycling water requires less energy compared to pumping new water. Reduced
energy consumption equals reduced carbon emissions which means a reduced carbon
footprint(IQI Global,2017). Last but not least , innovation which encourages the new design or
alternatives towards green buildings(GBI greenbuildingindex ,2020).Examples are innovations in
design, tailoring the building to respond to local needs, and creating business and employment
(IQI Global,2017).

2. I will suggest the client to use LED light in the house.This is because it can reduce the energy
consumption up to 75 percent.It also tends to have longer lifespans.From economical side, it
needs less frequent purchasing of replacement luminaires. The client can save lots of money in
replacing new one. Besides, LED also creates less waste due to less maintenance. As a result ,
amount of waste by throwing out old light bulbs can be minimised(Sustainable Community
,2017).Yet ,our environment will not be too burden from chemical waste created. Additionally ,it
does not contain mercury ,unlike other common lighting such as compact fluorescent
lamp(CFL). This pluspoint cab avoid bringing immediate health risk to humans .It also
minimizes the environmental issues that may happen if mercury-related lighting is not recycled
properly such as mercury contamination . In this case ,the main effect is on animals, which
results in bioaccumulation and thus lead to many serious issue(Sustainable Community ,2017)

The installation method is rather simple among others way to create make house greener .Firstly,
use strips of tape to mark all the joists location for new light involved. Next,. Use a non contact
voltage detector to determine current before pulling out the old ceiling box.Make sure to shut off
power for safety purposes. Then,cut the holes according to intended new light location. Drill
through the first joist .Then,drill through the joist, loosen the drill’s chuck and set it aside,
leaving the bit in hole. New cables are pulled in followed by connecting power to transformers
and hang them.When all the lights and transformers are connected, snap in the LED
lights.(Home Service Publications,n.d.)

Yap Tze Keng (20WVD04909)

1. Green building is a building that in its design, construction or operation, reduces or
eliminates negative impacts, and creates positive impacts, on our climate and natural
environment. Green building also preserves precious natural resources and improves our
quality of life (WorldGreenBuildingCouncil, n.d.). Green buildings are designed in such a
way to reduce the overall impact on the environment and human health by reducing trash,
pollution and degradation. It also protects occupant health and improves productivity, and
efficiently using energy, water and other resources (Rinkesh, n.d.). Green building can
range from environmental to economic to social. Green building will bring the benefits of
environmental benefits. For example, it reduces wastage of water and energy. Green
buildings certified by the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) results in water savings
of 20 - 30% and energy savings of 40 – 50% compared to conventional buildings in
India. After that, green buildings also improve air and water quality. This is good for
every citizen, because research suggests that better indoor air quality that is low
concentrations of carbon dioxide and pollutants, and having a high ventilation rate can
lead to improvements in the performance of up to 8 percent (Renee Cho, 2016). The
important benefit for our client of green building is improving the quality of life. In green
buildings, the quality of life of occupant is considered in the design, construction and
operation. So, it will improve the occupant's health and comfort.

2. The design and construction requirements and methods which can help the client to green
his existing residential building seeking for renovation is use the LED light bulb in the
lighting system which can help to save energy and less energy consumption which can
help to achieve a minimum electric bill. After that, using fewer, more durable materials
and generating less waste, as well as accounting for a building’s end of life stage by
designing for demolition waste recovery and reuse (WorldGBC, n.d.). Then, the thermal
efficiency of the client’s home insulation materials. The majority of thermal loss in any
building occurs through the roof of the structure. Inefficient materials require more
energy to maintain a comfortable climate inside the house (Jan Simonsen, 2020). Modern
high quality insulation materials are recyclable and non-combustible. We can increase the
client house’s thermal efficiencies. Such as insulating the ceilings, floors and walls will
improve the safety of the occupant while limiting the influence of cold or hot
temperatures from the external climate (Jan Simonsen, 2020). We can review the
efficacy of the insulation used throughout the building and identify whether any air leaks
in the home. We can also determine the heat retention house of the windows and doors,
and find any energy vampires such as appliances that consume energy even when not in
use in the house.

Yeoh Zi Xuan (20WVD06032)

1. A green building is a building which lower down or free from the negative impacts to the
environment through its considered design, construction, operation and maintenance, renovation
and deconstruction. It can be applied to any categories of building such as residential houses,
educational and business buildings, industrial facilities and many others. Green buildings are
able to maintain and enhance the quality of human life while conserving the capacity of the
ecosystem at local and global levels (Green building index, 2020). It is focused on increasing the
efficiency of resources used and minimise the operational wastage throughout the building’s
life-cycle (Green building index, 2020). It should also take the consideration of the macro
climate of where the building was built. Rating was given to every single project of green
building due to the achievement and the points it get.

2. There are six design and construction requirements of green building, which are energy
efficiency, indoor environmental quality, sustainable site planning and management, material and
resources, water efficiency and innovation.

i) Energy Efficiency (EE): The building is designed to maximise the exposure of sufficient
daylight at every part of the building by having majority of its windows and doors applied
through consideration of the orientation. The lighting system can be modify by applying the
sensors to where lower-usage areas and consider about the arrangement of electricity circuits to
reduce wastage. The electronic and electrical appliances in the building should have high energy
efficiency to reduce energy consumption. Using renewable energy such as solar energy is also a
good practice for green building (Green Building Index, 2020).

ii) Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ): The building that encompass the consideration of air
quality, lighting, thermal conditions of the indoor environment in relation to the health and
wellbeing of the occupants. The indoor environment should be free from chemical contaminants
such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and cleaning agents (CDC, 2013). To prevent the
indoor air pollution, the building ventilation has been a crucial part to provide a good circulation
of air throughout the building. The heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system
help to provide air in the building at a considerable temperature and humidity mechanically. It
can also done naturally by the installation of windows.

iii) Sustainable Site Planning & Management (SM): The selection of appropriate sites with can
easily access to public transportation and community services and amenities, providing walkway,
open spaces and landscapes which can help reducing heat island effect around the area is the
consideration of the site planning (Norhanis, n.d.). While for the site construction and
management, it should reduce the material and construction wastage and prevent the sound,
water and air pollutions. For instance, prevent open burning, have proper disposal of domestic
waste and control the surface water runoff (Norhanis Diyana Nizarudin, n.d.).

iv) Material & Resources (MR): The materials used for a green building should be
environment-friendly which produces from sustainable sources and recycling (Green Building
Index, 2020). During construction, it should be avoid of using huge number of indecomposable
materials. The waste management is important in the construction so that it can be classify into
recyclable or reusable materials and having proper refuse treatment especially for the formwork.

v) Water efficiency (WE): A green building will adopt the design which can help in reducing the
demand on municipal system by technological design. First, they can apply the rainwater
harvesting system to collect rainwater and use it for non-potable functions such as gardening and
toilet flushing system. The plumbing systems would have pressure-reducing valves to reduce the
water-waste by the high water pressure (Go Smart Bricks, n.d.). The other method is grey water
recycling which treated water is emanated from washroom and washing machines and would be
use for flushing toilets and irrigation purposes (Go Smart Bricks, n.d.).

vi) Innovation (IN): Innovation refers to the innovative design and initiatives that comply with
the standard of GBI. The buildings tend to use LED lightings which are much more energy
efficiency and last longer. The landscapes are also designed to make green with plants to act as
carbon sink together constructed with a walkway to allow occupants interact with nature (Go
Smart Bricks, n.d.). One of the innovation that can be applied to a green building is the energy
monitoring and reporting devices which can count the amount of watts used by the building and
thus help in improving the energy usage (Jen, 2018).

Individual

Yau Lin Jin (20WVD04212)

1. Green building defines the understanding of the built environment which can have
negative and positive profound effects on the natural environment and it is an effort to mitigate
the negative and amplify the positive effects throughout the whole life cycle of a building (U.S
Green Building Council, 2021). Besides, green building also can be considered as a sustainable
building or green construction, a holistic concept that creates structures that are environmentally
resource-efficient in a building from sitting to design, construction, operation, maintenance,
renovation and deconstruction.

The aim of a green building is to preserve resources such as the raw materials,
energy and water, reduce the pollutants and increase the life-cycle of a building. Green
construction also allows occupants to feel more comfortable by the environmental quality (Solar
Impulse Foundation, 2021). Green building is essential as it can reduce the negative impact of a
building on its environment and maintain the quality of life of users and neighboring
communities since there are a lot of conventional buildings that cause a substantial impact on the
health of people and the planet (Green Groundswell, 2013).

There are lots of benefits when it comes to green building within the economy and
society. First of all, green buildings offer a number of economic or financial advantages which
are low construction costs and higher property value for building developers and an increased
occupancy rate or operating costs for building owners or job creation. It is also able to bring
positive social impacts too which increase the quality of the lifestyle and enhance our health
properties (World Green Building Council, 2021).

2. There are some design and construction requirements of green building and
encouraging sustainable construction practices in the following categories which are planning
and design, energy efficiency, water efficiency and conservation, material conservation and
resource efficiency and environmental quality. It is quite vital as it can reduce negative impact or
positive environmental impact (National Institute of Building Sciences, 2021).

Besides there are five methods for sustainable building construction. First of all, it
is essential to prefabricate materials in controlled environments to enhance the quality of
buildings and result in less trash. Besides, we need to always have good management of
construction waste so the negative impact on the environment can be greatly reduced. It is crucial
to manage the site for an improved environment to prevent any pollutants such as water pollution
in the sewer system. When it comes to green construction, lean manufacturing is required for
reduction in energy to eliminate wasteful activities in order to improve the quality of the

building. Last but not least is the material selection, it is important to seek for materials that are
manufactured from recycled products and from local sources. The materials can be anything,
from renewable products such as bamboo for floors. As buildings become greener, so do
construction sites. Off-site fabrication, improved on-site maintenance, lean practices, landfill
avoidance and green materials acquisition have begun to fundamentally, albeit slowly, transform
the way buildings are constructed today (AC Business Media, 2021).

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Self reference

Woon Shiao Thung (20WVD03635)

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Yap Tze Keng (20WVD04909)

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Yau Lin Jin (20WVD04212)

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Yeoh Zi Xuan (20WVD06032)
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