CHAPTER 2 ECOSYSTEM SUBTOPIC 2.3 Interdependence and Interaction among Organisms, and between Organisms and the Environment
CONTENT STANDARD SUBTOPIC 2.3 Interdependence and Interaction among Organisms, and between Organisms and the Environment.
LET'S START ! What do you think about interaction?
I n t e r d e p e n d e n c e a n d I n t e r a c t i o n a m o n g O r g a n i s m s , a n d b e t w e e n O r g a n i s m s a n d t h e E n v i r o n m e n t T h e n at u r a l s u r r o u n din g s o r h o m e o f a n o r g a nis m. HABITAT SPECIES A g r o u p o f o r g a nis m s t h at h a v e c o m m o n c h a r a c t e ris tic s a n d c a n r e p r o d u c e t o b r e e d o ff s p rin g s P O P U L A T I O N A g r o u p o f o r g a nis m s o f t h e s a m e s p e cie s t h at liv e in t h e s a m e h a bit at.
COMMUNITY A few population of different organisms live together in one habitat and have mutual interaction with one another. ECOSYSTEM A few communities that live together in one habitat and have mutual interaction with one another, including all the non living components such as water, air and soil.
INTERACTION Interaction between organism comprises symbiosis, prey-predator and competition.
SYMBIOSIS Happens when two or more organism of different species live closely together and interact with one another Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism
MUTUALISM An interaction that benefits both organisms The clownfish and sea anemones The oxpecker and rhinocerous Lichens are algae and fungi that live together
COMMENSALISM The interaction between two organisms which only benefits one organism without harming or benefitting the other The remora fish (commensal) latches on the shark (host) A a bird making a nest in a tree Whales And Barnacles.
parASITISM An interaction that benefits one organism and only and harms the other. The parasite gets benefit and host is harmed. Tapeworm that lives in the human intestine The flea and an array of warm-blooded creatures. Ticks on animal skins
PREY-PREDATOR Involves one organism that eats another organism Prey is the organism that is eaten by the predator Predator is the organism that hunts another organism for food Example: Lion (predator) and deer (prey)
COMPETITION It happens when organisms in one habitat compete for a limited supply of basic needs such as light, space, water, food and mates
Biological control A method that uses organisms that are natural predators or parasites to reduce the number of pests in an area. Owls are kept in palm oil plantations to control the population of rats Factors that Influence Population Size in an Ecosystem DISEASE PRESENCE OF PREDATORS SOURCE OF FOOD CHANGE OF WEATHER
CHANGE IN THE ECOSYSTEM LIMITED WATER SUPPLY MIGRATION CHANGE IN POPULATION SIZE Drought season that will upset the paddy field ecosystem The cattle egret migrates to Kuala Gula from September to April every year. As a result, the number of insects decreases as they are eaten by the egrets The increase of pests causes the population of plants to decrease.
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LETS PLAY !
THE CLUE !
QUICK TEST ! Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers. The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower. What type of symbiosis? A ) Commensalism B ) Mutualism C ) Paratism D ) Predation Hawks and the owls eat the same thing. That relationship is called as ? A ) Adaptation B ) Mutualism C ) Paratism D ) Competition Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which occurs between the organism? A ) Both organisms are harmed B ) One benefits, the other is unaffected C ) One benefits, the other is harmed D ) One benefits by eating the other The lion hunts and kills the zebra for its food. What type of this interaction? A ) Prey-Predator B ) Commensalism C ) Parasitism D ) Mutualism
QUICK TEST ! Which example shows a relationship between a living things and non living things ? A ) An insects is food for a salmon B ) A tree removes carbon dioxide from the air C ) Water carries a rock downstream D ) A flower makes food for a butterfly What would most likely happen if an ecosystem no longer received sunlight? A ) The number of herbivores would increase B ) The number of plants would increase C ) All living organism would adapt D ) All living organism would eventually die Polar bears have adaptation that allows them to swim. What is most likely this adaptation? A ) White coat B ) Small eyes C ) Fat belly D ) Webbed feet What is the best words to describes a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment? A ) Natural selection B ) Behaviours C ) Mutation D ) Adaptation
QUICK TEST ! Mutualism is a symbiotic interaction where A) One organism gains another organism neither gains nor loses B) One organism benefits another organism is threatened C) One organism eats another organism D) Both parties benefit The following are mutualism interactions except A ) B) C ) D) Which of the following is an example of Prey-Predator A) Cats and plants B) Rafflesia and trees C) Frog and fly D) Tapeworms and humans Biological control uses relationships A) A Parasitism B) Competition C) Commensalism D) Prey-predator
for Listening Thank You Muhammad Akmal bin Abd Aziz (D20191088621) Nor Azma Husna binti Mohamad Azhar (D20191088670) Nurul Hakiimah Khairani binti Ahmad (D20191088669) Fadzliana binti Zakaria (D20191088665) Fatin Fasihah binti Mohd Arshad (D20191088523) Prepared by: