çdkf'krokD; 5%9&14
,d u;k xhr
¶rw bl iqLrd ds ysus] vkSj bldh eqgjsa •ksyus ds ;ksX; gSA¸ (9 in)
;wgUuk us çdkf'krokD; dh iqLrd n`<+ fo'okfl;ksa dks fo'okl esa cus jgus vkSj <hys&<kys
fo'okfl;ksa dks psrkouh nsus gsrq fy•kA ,d vksj ;g iqLrd nks"k&fuokj.k] vk'kk ,oa vkuan
dk lUns'k nsrh gS] rks nwljh vksj psrkouh] U;k; ,oa ijes'oj ds Øks/ ls Hkh voxr djkrh
gSA ;wgUuk us ,d lkeFkhZ LoxZnwr dks ;g dgrs lquk fd ¶bl iqLrd ds •ksyus vkSj mldh
eqgjsa rksM+us ds ;ksX; dkSu gS\¸ tc leLr l`f"V esa dksbZ Hkh iqLrd ds eqgj dks •ksy u
ldk] rks ;wgUuk jksus yxkA rc ,d çkphu us mlls dgk] ¶er jks] D;ksafd ;gwnk ds xks=k dk
flag tks nkÅn dk ewy gS] ml iqLrd dks •ksyus rFkk mldh eqgjsa rksM+us esa l{ke gqvk
gSA** tc o/ fd, gq, eseus us flagklu ij fojkteku O;fÙkQ ls iqLrd yh rks pkjksa çkf.k;ksa
,oa pkSchl çkphuksa us mls naMor fd;k vkSj mldh ç'kalk esa xkus yxs] ^mlus vius ygw ds
}kjk gj dqy] Hkk"kk vkSj tkfr ds yksxksa dks 'kSrku ds paxqy ls NqM+kdj ijes'oj ds fy,
,d jkT; Bgjk;kA* gtkjksa LoxZnwr Åaph vkokt esa xk jgs Fks fd ^o/ fd;k gqvk eseuk gh
lkeFkZ] /u] Kku] 'kfÙkQ] vknj] efgek vkSj /U;okn ds ;ksX; gSA* rRi'pkr ;wgUuk us lkjh
l`f"V dks eseus dh efgek djrs gq, lqukA os xk jgs Fks fd ^ijes'oj ,oa çHkq ;h'kq dk
/U;okn] vknj] efgek vkSj jkT; ;qxkuq;qx dk;e jgsA* ;g xhr ijes'oj ,oa çHkq ;h'kq dh
lokZsPprk] vlhe lkeFkZ ,oa vuar efgek dks rFkk m¼kj ik, gq, çHkq ds yksxksa ds
efgekiw.kZ Hkfo"; dks Hkh çxV djrk gSA ;g gesa dfBukb;ksa ,oa lrko ds chp lPpk
fo'oklh thou thus gsrq lkaRouk] mRlkg ,oa lkgl çnku djrk gSA
çkFkZuk%& gs çHkq] gesa m¼kj ,oa vk'kk nsus ds fy, vkidk /U;oknA vkehuA
Jh lqjsUæ fdLdw
çdkf'krokD; 15%1&4
t; ds xhr
¶gs loZ'kfÙkQeku çHkq] rsjs dk;Z egku vkSj vn~Hkqr gSa--A¸ (3 in)
çsfjr ;wgUuk us LoxZ esa ,d vn~Hkqr fpUg ns•k fd lkr LoxZnwrksa ds ikl lkr vafre
foifÙk;ka Fkha tks i`Foh ij Mkyh tkus okyh FkhaA ;g vafre blfy, gS D;ksafd blds lkFk gh
ijes'oj dk Øks/ ,oa U;k; dk ,oa lalkj dk var gksxkA ,d yk• pokyhl gtkj yksxksa ds
ekFks ij eseus dk] vFkkZr ijes'oj vkSj ;h'kq elhg dk uke fy•k gqvk FkkA ;s os gSa tks
ijes'oj ds eseus ;h'kq elhg ds cgqewY; ygw ls •jhns x, Fks] ftUgksaus ml i'kq ij] mldh
ewfrZ ij vkSj mlds uke ds vad ij t; çkIr dh gSA os vius gkFkksa esa ijes'oj dh oh.kk
dks ysdj ewlk ds xhr ,oa t; ik, gq, eseus dk xhr xkus yxs] D;ksafd ewlk dh vxqokbZ esa
gh blzk,yh vius cSjh] felz ds jktk fiQjkSu ,oa mldh lkjh lsuk ij fot;h gq, Fks ,oa
eseuk] vFkkZr çHkq ;h'kq us Øwl ij viuk cfynku nsdj ekuo tkfr dks 'kSrku ds gkFkksa ls
NqM+k;k ,oa vius iqu#RFkku ds lkeFkZ ds }kjk 'kSrku ,oa mldh lsuk ,oa e`R;q ij t; çkIr
fd;kA bl xhr esa os ijes'oj dh egkurk] mlds vn~Hkqr dk;Z ,oa mlds U;k;laxr vkSj
lPps ekxZ ds fy, mldh ç'kalk djrs gSaA os bl ckr ij tksj nsrs gSa fd lc yksx ijes'oj
dk Hk; ekusaxs ,oa mldh efgek djsaxsA ;gksok gh ,dek=k ifo=k ijes'oj gS vkSj blfy,
lc tkfr;ka mldh vkjk/uk djsaxhaA
D;k çHkq us vkids ikiksa dks {kek dj vkidks vuar thou fn;k gS\ D;k vki vius nSfud
thou esa ijes'oj ds vuqxzg vkSj Ñik dks ns• ldrs gSa\ D;k vki lPps ân; ls çHkq dh
vkjk/uk djrs gSa\ bu ckrksa ij xaHkhjrk ls fopkj djsaA
çkFkZuk%& gs çHkq] ge vkids egku m¼kj ,oa vk'kh"kksa ds fy, /U;okn nsrs gSaA vkehuA
Jh lqjsUæ fdLdw
2 'kew,y 22%1&20
nkÅn ds /U;okn ds xhr
¶vkSj esjh nksgkbZ mlds dkuksa esa igqaphA¸ (7 in)
bl Hktu esa nkÅn ijes'oj dks /U;okn nsrk gS D;ksafd ijes'oj us mlds thou dks mlds
lc 'k=kqvksa ls vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls jktk 'kkÅy ds gkFk ls cpk;k gSA lkFk gh nkÅn ijes'oj
ds pfj=k ,oa mlds ijkØe ds dkeksa dk c;ku djrs gSaA in 1 ls 7 ,oa 17 ls 20 esa
nkÅn ijes'oj ds egku m¼kj ds dk;Z dk o.kZu djrs gSaA nkÅn ijes'oj dks viuk pêðku]
Åapk x<+ ,oa NqM+kusokyk ekurk gSA ijes'oj nkÅn dk <ky] j{kd] 'kj.kLFkku ,oa m¼kjdrkZ
Bgjk gSA tc nkÅn e`R;q ds rjaxksa esa iQalk Fkk] fouk'k dh /kjk esa cg jgk Fkk] v/ksyksd
dh jfLl;ka ,oa e`R;q ds iQans mlij cus gq, Fks] rc mlus ;gksok ijes'oj dks iqdkjk vkSj
ijes'oj us mldh nksgkbZ lqu yhA nkÅn dgrs gSa] ¶mlus Åij ls gkFk c<+kdj eq>s Fkke
fy;k] eq>s xgjs ty esa ls •hap dj ckgj fudkykA¶ ijes'oj us nkÅn dks mlds cyoar
'k=kqvksa ls NqM+k fy;kA nkÅn dk ;g vuqHko gS] ¶mlus eq>s fudkydj pkSM+s LFkku esa
igqapk;k] mlus eq>dks NqM+k;k D;ksafd og eq>ls çlUu FkkA**
nkÅn ijes'oj dh 'kfÙkQ dks mldh çÑfr ds O;ogkj ds }kjk çnf'kZr gksrs ns•rs gSaA tc
Hkwdai ds dkj.k i`Foh fgy tkrh gS rks fouk'k dk rkaMo fn•kbZ iM+rk gSA tc ckny xjtrk
,oa fctyh fxjrh gS] rc ekuks ijes'oj viuk egkØks/ çxV dj jgs gksaA tc leqæ esa Åaph
ygjsa mBrh gSa rc ;g ty vkSj Fky] nksuksa esa rckgh ykrk gSA D;k ijes'oj us vkids thou
esa ,slk dksbZ vk'p;Ztud o vn~Hkqr dke fd;k gS] ftlds fy, vki mudks /U;okn ns
ldrs gSa\ D;k vki ijes'oj ds egku xq.kksa ,oa egku dk;ks± ds fy, mudh cM+kbZ djrs gSa\
çkFkZuk%& gs çHkq] gekjs thou esa vkids egku dk;Z ds fy, vkidks /U;oknA vkehuA
Jh lqjsUæ fdLdw
U;kf;;ksa 5
ncksjk dk xhr
^^eSa vki ;gksok ds fy, xhr xkÅaxhA** (3 in)
U;kf;;ksa ds ;qx esa blzk,fy;ksa ds eè; jktk ds LFkku ij U;k;h gksrs Fks] tks ns'k dks pykrs
FksA ijes'oj us iq#"k ç/ku ns'k o lekt esa blzk,fy;ksa dks pykus ds fy, ncksjk uked L=kh
dks U;k;h fu;qÙkQ fd;kA yksx U;k; ikus ds fy, ncksjk ds ikl vkrs FksA ncksjk U;k;h gksus ds
lkFk&lkFk Hkfo";}ÙkQk Hkh FkhA vr% yksx ijes'oj dk opu ,oa vkKk tkuus ds fy, Hkh
mlds ikl vkrs FksA ml le; blzk,y duku ds jktk ;kchu ds v/hu Fkk vkSj mldk
lsukifr lhljk cgqr 'kfÙkQ'kkyh FkkA mlds ikl yksgs ds ukS lkS jFk FksA ijes'oj ls vkKk
ikdj ncksjk us ckjkd dks cqyk;k vkSj nl gtkj yksxksa dh lsuk ysdj mls duku ds jktk
;kchu ij p<+kbZ djus dks dgkA ckjkd dks ekywe Fkk fd ijes'oj ncksjk ds lkFk gSa vkSj
mUgsa fot; fnyk ldrs gSa] ysfdu mls lkgl ugha gqvk vkSj mlus ncksjk dks lkFk pyus dks
dgkA ncksjk lkFk tkus dks rS;kj rks gqbZ] ijUrq mlus ;g Hkfo";ok.kh dh fd thr dk lEeku
ckjkd dks ugha] oju ,d L=kh dks çkIr gksxkA yM+kbZ esa ckjkd dh thr gqbZ ijUrq lhljk
,d L=kh ;k,y ds }kjk ekjk x;kA thr ds miy{; esa ncksjk ,oa ckjkd us ;g xhr xk;kA
ncksjk dgrh gS] ¶eSa vki ;gksok ds fy, xhr xkÅaxh_ blzk,y ds ijes'oj ;gksok dk eSa
Hktu d:axhA** vkxs og dgrh gS] ¶;gksok dks /U; dgksA**
D;k vki thou dh fodV ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ijes'oj ij fo'okl ,oa Hkjkslk djrs gSa] vkSj
fgEer ls eqlhcr] ladV ,oa pqukSrh dk lkeuk djrs gSa\ thr ijes'oj dh vksj ls vkrh gS
vkSj blds fy, ijes'oj L=kh ;k iq#"k] NksVs ;k cM+s] fdlh dks Hkh dke esa yk ldrk gSA
çkFkZuk%& gs çHkq] gesa lkgl ,oa cqf¼ nsa fd ge ifjfLFkfr ij t; ik ldsaA vkehuA
Jh lqjsUæ fdLdw