一幅比预期更适合生命的画面: Colin Dundas et al., ‘Exposed subsurface ice sheets in the Martian midlatitudes’, Science 359 (2018): 199–201; Anja Diez, ‘Liquid water on Mars’, Science 361(2018): 448–9; Yoshitaka Yoshimura, ‘The Search for Life on Mars’, in Astrobiology, ed. Aki hiko Yamagishi et al. (Springer, 2019), 367–81. 多 次 检 测 到 甲 烷 : Marco Giuranna et al., ‘Independent confirmation of a methane spike on Mars and a source region east of Gale Crater’, Nature Geoscience 12 (2019): 326–32. 吉尔伯特·莱文和帕特里夏·斯特罗特坚持认为: Gilbert Levin and Patricia Ann Straat, ‘The case for extant life on Mars and its possible detection by the Viking labeled release experiment’,Astrobiology 16 (2016): 798–810. 其他孕育生命的化学机制: Chris McKay, ‘What is Life – and how do we search for it on other worlds?’ PLoS Biology 2 (2004): 1260–63; Schulze-Makuch, ‘Landscape of Life’. 围绕中子星运行的行星: Schulze-Makuch, ‘Landscape of Life’.
“ 影 子 生 物 圈 ”: Carol Cleland, ‘Epistemological issues in the study of microbial life: alterna tive terran biospheres?’ Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in His tory and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 38 (2007): 847– 61, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2007.09.007>; Paul Davies, ‘Searching for a shadow biosphere on Earth as a test of the “cosmic imperative” ’, Proceedings of the Royal Society A 369 (2011): 624–32. “绿篱外的仙女和精灵王国”: David Toomey, Weird Life: The Search for Life that is Very, Very Diferent from Our Own (W. W. Norton & Co., 2013), 34. 剑桥大学博士生乔斯琳·贝尔: 贝尔的发现: Jocelyn Bell Burnell, ‘Little Green Men, white dwarfs or pulsars?’ Annals of the New York Academy of Science 302 (1977): 685–9; Alan Penny, ‘The SETI episode in the 1967 discovery of pulsars’, European Physical Journal H 38 (2013): 535–47. “ 当 线 条 在 笔 下 流 动 时 ”: Bell Burnell, ‘Little Green Men’. “这些人造脉冲的制造者”: Bell Burnell, ‘Little Green Men’. “小绿人星”: Penny, ‘The SETI episode’.
1959年《自然》杂志刊登的一篇论文: Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison, ‘Searching forin terstellar communications’, Nature 184 (1959): 844–6. 美 国 天 文 学 家 弗 兰 克 · 德 雷 克 : Dick, ‘Twentieth Century History’, 139. “ 人 们 的 兴 奋 之 情 与 日 俱 增 ”: Penny, ‘The SETI episode’, 4. “ 与 更 高 文 明 越 少 接 触 越 好 ”: Penny, ‘The SETI episode’. “拿博士学位”“我来回扳动开关”和“两波小绿人不可 能”: Bell Burnell, ‘Little Green Men’. 终于完成论文: Antony Hewish et al., ‘Observation of a rapidly pulsating radio source’, Nature 217(1968): 709–13. 监听工作大多由私人资助: 搜寻地外文明计划（SETI）的 努力见Douglas Vakoch and Matthew Dowd (ed.), The Drake Equation: Estimating the Prevalence of Extraterrestrial Life Through the Ages (Cambridge University Press, 2015); Linda Billings, ‘Astrobiology in culture: the search for extraterrestrial life as “Science” ’, Astrobiology 12 (2012): 966–75; Seth Shostak,‘Current
Approaches to Finding Life Beyond Earth, and What Happens if We Do’, in Dick, Life Beyond Earth, 9–22. “ 是 非 常 危 险 的 ” （ 脚 注 ） : Penny, ‘The SETI episode’. 一组重复的、无法解释的射电爆发: ‘Distant galaxy sends out 15 high-energy radio bursts’, UC Berkeley press release, 30 August 2017, <https://news.berkeley. edu/2017/08/30/distant-galaxy sends-out-15-high-energyradio-bursts/>. “一 项 古 怪 的 小 众 科 学 ”: Michael Michaud, ‘Searching for Extraterrestrial Intelligence’, in Dick,Life Beyond Earth, 295. 宇宙最复杂的文明: Susan Schneider, ‘Alien Minds’, in Dick, Life Beyond Earth, 189–206. 将 智 慧 视 为 工 具 : Mark Lupisella, ‘Life, Intelligence, and the Pursuit of Value in Cosmic Evolu tion’, in Dick, Life Beyond Earth, 159–74. “我们正在试图确定”: Sawyer, Rock from Mars, 188. 第十二章 意识
驾驶过七十多种飞机: Chris Hadfield, An Astronaut’s Guide to Life on Earth (Macmillan, 2013). “从技术层面讲”: Chris Hadfield, talk at the Royal Geographic Society, London, 7 December 2014. “被一种原始的美冲击了”: Hadfield, Astronaut’s Guide, 90. “令人瞠目窒息”“六十亿人与所有历史”: ‘Chris Hadfield’s Incredible Description of Space walking’, 5 May 2013, <https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=cxxTGkBuo1c>. “让你无法思考”: quoted in Jo Marchant, ‘Awesome awe’, New Scientist (2017): 33–5. “ 我 所 能 感 知 的 存 在 的 力 量 ”: Hadfield, Royal Geographic Society. “我不再脚踏大地”: quoted in Owen Gingerich, ‘Was Ptolemy a fraud?’ Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 21 (1980): 253–66. “ 恢 宏 、 辽 阔 、 不 朽 ”: Henri-Frédéric Amiel, Amiel’s Journal (1882), <https://www. gutenberg.org/files/8545/8545-h/8545-h.htm>; quoted in William James, The Varieties of Religious Expe rience: A Study in Human Nature (Penguin Classics, 1983), 395.
首个科学定义: Dacher Keltner and Jonathan Haidt, ‘Approaching awe, a moral, spiritual, and aes thetic emotion’, Cognition and Emotion 17 (2003): 297–314. 结 果 令 人 惊 讶 : summarised in Marchant, ‘Awesome awe’; 更有创造力: Alice Chirico et al., ‘Awe enhances creative thinking: An experimental study’, Creativity Research Journal 30 (2018):123–31; 改善记忆: Alexander Danvers and Michelle Shiota, ‘Going of script: Efects of awe on memory for script-typical and -irrelevant narrative detail’, Emotion 17 (2017): 938–52; 降低促 炎症细胞因子的水平: Jennifer Stellar et al., ‘Positive afect and markers of inflammation:Discrete positive emotions predict lower levels of inflammatory cytokines’, Emotion 15 (2015):129–33; 激活副交感神经 系统: Michelle Shiota et al., ‘Feeling Good: Autonomic nervous system responding in five positive emotions’, Emotion 11 (2011): 1368–78; 减轻焦虑，感到更紧密的联 系……做出更有德行的决定: Paul Pif et al., ‘Awe, the small self, and prosocial behavior’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 108 (2015): 883–99; 减少对金钱的关注: Libin Jiang et al., ‘Awe weakens the desire for money’, Journal of Pacifc Rim Psychology 12 (2018): e4; 更 关 心 环 境 : Huanhuan Zhao et al., ‘Relation between awe and environmental ism: The role of social dominance orientation’, Frontiers in Psychology 9 (2018): 2367; Yan Yang et al., ‘From awe
to ecological behavior: The mediating role of connectedness to nature’,Sustainability 10 (2018): 2477; 感觉好像拥有更多时间: Melanie Rudd et al., ‘Awe expands people’s perception of time, alters decision making, and enhances well-being’, Psychological Science 23 (2012): 1130–6. 把自己的名字签得更小: Yang Bai et al., ‘Awe, the diminished self, and collective engagement: Univer sals and cultural variations in the small self ’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 113(2017): 185– 209. See also Michiel van Elk et al., ‘ “Standing in awe”: The efects of awe on body perception and the relation with absorption’, Collabra 2 (2016): 4. 荷 兰 神 经 科 学 家 : Michiel van Elk et al., ‘The neural correlates of awe experience: Reduced default mode network activity during feelings of awe’, Human Brain Mapping 40 (2019): 3561–74. “自我逐渐消失”: telephone interview with Dacher Keltner, 5 May 2017, originally quoted in Marchant, ‘Awesome awe’. 雷雨等自然力: Alice Chirico and David Yaden, ‘Awe: A self-transcendent and sometimes transfor mative emotion’, in The Function of Emotions, ed. Heather Lench (Springer, 2018), 221–33.
“美，真美！” Alison George, ‘One minute with . . . Yuri Gagarin’, New Scientist, 9 April 2011,29. “ 全 世 界 的 人 啊 ”: Yuri Gagarin, Yuri Gagarin (Novisti Press, 1977), 14 and 17; quoted in Richard Roney, ‘Beyond War: A New Way of Thinking’, in Breakthrough: Emerging New Thinking: Soviet and Western Scholars Issue a Challenge to Build a World Beyond War (Walker, Novisti,1988), 5. “那个美丽、温暖、有生命的天体”: Jim Irwin, To Rule the Night: The Discovery Voyage of As tronaut Jim Irwin (A. J. Holman, 1973), 60. “一 个 有 生 命 、 有 呼 吸 的 有 机 体 ”: Overview documentary film, Planetary Collective, 2012, <http://weareplanetary.com/overview-short-film/>. See also Ron Garan, The Orbital Perspec tive: Lessons in Seeing the Big Picture from a Journey of 71 Million Miles (Berrett-Koehler,2015), 52–3. 共 情 与 担 忧 : David Yaden et al., ‘The Overview Efect: Awe and self-transcendent experience in space flight’, Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice 3 (2016): 3. 卖 掉 了 大 排 量 燃 油 车 : Ben Guarino, ‘The Overview Efect will save Earth one rich space tourist at a
time’, Inverse, 18 December 2015, <https://www.inverse.com/article/6301-overview-everview efect-space-tourism-environmentalism-spacex- richardgarriot>. “从月球上看”: Alex Pasternak, ‘The moon-walking, alien-hunting, psychic astronaut who got sued by NASA’, Vice, 14 May 2016, <https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/aek7ez/astronautedgar-mitchell outer-space-inner-space- and-aliens>. “ 你 看 不 到 ”: Frank White, The Overview Efect: Space Exploration and Human Evolution, third edition (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1987), 37. 形成于20世纪80年代: White, ‘Overview Efect’. 属于敬畏感的一种: Yaden et al., ‘Overview Efect’, 1–11. “内心的平静”: White, ‘Overview Efect’, 41. “一种优雅的状态”: Geof Hofman, iPM, BBC Radio 4, 25 May 2013, <http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01sjn9l>; quoted in Nick Campion, ‘The Importance of Cosmology in Culture:Contexts and Consequences’, in Trends in
Modern Cosmology, ed. Abraao Capistrano (InTe chOpen, 2017). “ 宇 宙 的 其 他 部 分 ”: Yasmin Tayag, ‘Six NASA astronauts describe the moment in space when“everything changed” ’, Inverse, 20 July 2019, <https://www.inverse.com/article/57841-na saastronauts-describe-overview-efect-everything-changed>. “ 有 一 种 比 你 大 得 多 ”: Chris Hadfield, ‘Why all politicians should travel to space (and some should come back)’, Big Think, 23 March 2018, <https://bigthink.com/videos/chris-hadfield how-spacetravel-expands-your-mind>. “上帝的力量”: John Wilford, ‘James B. Irwin, 61, Ex-Astronaut; Founded Religious Organiza tion’, New York Times, 10 August 1991, <https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/10/us/james-b-ir win61-ex-astronaut-founded-religious- organization.html>. “在某种程度上是有意识的”: Edgar Mitchell, The Way of the Explorer: An Apollo Astronaut’s Journey Through the Material and Mystical Worlds, revised edition (New Page books, 2008),16 and 74–5. 哲学家威廉·詹姆斯: James, Religious Experience, 395.
“宇宙意识”: Richard Bucke, Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind(Dutton & Co., 1901). “一 个 古 老 而 广 泛 的 基 底 ”: Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy (Harper & Brothers,1947); quoted in Charles Grob et al., ‘Use of the classic hallucinogen psilocybin for the treat ment of existential distress associated with cancer’, in Psychological Aspects of Cancer, ed.Brian Carr and Jennifer Steel (Springer, 2013), 291–308. 含有致幻剂裸盖菇素的蘑菇: Gordon Wasson, ‘Seeking the magic mushroom’, Life, 13 May 1957,100–2 and 109 –20. 临床药理学家罗兰·格里菲斯: Roland Grifiths et al., ‘Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type ex periences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance’, Psy chopharmacology 187 (2006): 268–83; Roland Grifiths et al., ‘Mysticaltype experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later’, Journal of Psychopharmacology 22 (2008): 621–32. “ 处 于 虚 空 中 ”: Frederick Barrett and Roland Grifiths, ‘Classic hallucinogens and mystical ex
periences: phenomenology and neural correlates’, in Behavioural Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs (Springer, 2017), 393–430. 一份2016年的癌症患者试验: Roland Grifiths et al., ‘Psilocybin procures substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized dou ble-blind trial’, Journal of Psychopharmacology 30 (2016), 1181 –97. 在日记中写道和“没什么好害怕的”: Grob et al., ‘Existential distress’. 迷幻药能达到和敬畏感一样的效果: 迷幻药如何影响大脑: Robin Carhart-Harris et al., ‘Neural correlates of the psychedelic state as determined by fMRI studies with psilocybin’, PNAS 109(2012): 2138–43; Samuel Turton et al., ‘A qualitative report on the subjective experience of intravenous psilocybin admin- istered in an fMRI environment’, Current Drug Abuse Reviews 7 (2014): 117–27; Enzo Tagliazucchi et al., ‘Increased global functional connectivity correlates with LSDinduced ego dissolution’, Current Biology 26 (2016): 1043–50; Barrett and Grifiths,‘Classic hallucinogens’; Matthew Nour and Robin Carhart-Harris, ‘Psychedelics and the sci ence of self-experience’,
British Journal of Psychiatry 210 (2017): 177–9; Michael Schartner et al., ‘Increased spontaneous MEG signal diversity for psychoactive doses of ketamine, LSD and psilocybin’, Scientifc Reports 7 (2017), <https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46421>; Robin Car hartHarris, ‘How do psychedelics work?’ Current Opinion in Psychiatry 32 (2019): 16–21. “ 我 感 觉 两 者 ”: telephone interview with Robin Carhart-Harris, 9 May 2017, originally quoted in Marchant, ‘Awesome awe’. 思 维 枷 锁 : Robin Carhart-Harris et al., ‘Psychedelics and connected- ness’, in Psychopharmacology 235 (2017): 547–50; Robin CarhartHarris and David Nutt, ‘Serotonin and brain function: a tale of two receptors’, Journal of Psychopharmacology 3 (2017): 1091–1120. “ 敬 畏 感 的 丧 失 ”: Paul Pif and Dacher Keltner, ‘Why do we experience awe?’ New York Times,22 May 2015, <https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/24/ opinion/sunday/why-do-we-experience-awe.html>. “痛苦地”问自己: James, ‘Religious Experience’, 386.
“我的体质”: James, ‘Religious Experience’, 379 and 388. “我仍然倾向于认为”: Michael Pollan, How to Change Your Mind: The New Science of Psyche delics (Allen Lane, 2018), 414. “ 存 在 即 被 感 知 ”: Lisa Downing, ‘George Berkeley ’, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy(spring 2013 edition), ed. Edward Zalta, <https://plato.stanford.edu/ archives/spr2013/entries/berkeley/>. 詹姆斯受到了法国哲学家亨利·柏格森的影响: William James, A Pluralistic Universe: Hibbert Lectures at Manchester College on the Present Situation in Philosophy (1908), lecture 6. “机械的解释”: Henri Bergson, Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Con sciousness, trans. F. L. Pogson (Dover Publications, 2001), 100. “ 物 理 学 之 所 以 是 数 学 的 ”: Bertrand Russell, An Outline of Philosophy (Routledge Classics,2009), 171; quoted in Galen Strawson, ‘A hundred years of consciousness: “a long training in absurdity” ’, Estudios de Filosofia 59 (2019): 9–43.
这似乎“相当愚蠢”: Arthur Eddington, The Nature of the Physical World: The Giford Lectures 1927 (Cambridge University Press, 1928), 259; quoted in Galen Strawson, ‘Realistic monism:why physicalism entails panpsychism’, Journal of Consciousness Studies 13 (2006): 3–31. “ 危 机 时 刻 ”: Max Planck, ‘Where is Science Going?’ (Ox Bow Press, 1977), 65; quoted in Juan Marin, ‘ “Mysticism” in quantum mechanics: the forgotten controversy’, European Journal of Physics 30 (2009): 807–22. “哲学偏见”: Albert Einstein, The Born–Einstein Letters: Friendship, Politics, and Physics in Un certain Times: Correspondence Between Albert Einstein and Max and Hedwig Born from 1916 to 1955 with Commentaries by Max Born (Macmillan, 2005), 218; quoted in Marin, ‘Mysticism’. “物质宇宙和意识”: Erwin Schrödinger, ‘Interviews with Great Scientists: no.4.–Prof. Schrödinger’,Observer, 11 January 1931, 15–16; quoted in Strawson, ‘A hundred years of consciousness’. “从东方思想中输血”: Erwin Schrödinger, What is Life? With Mind and Matter and Autobi ographical
Sketches (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 130; quoted in Marin, ‘Mysticism’. 1953 年 发 现 的 DNA 结 构 : James Watson and Francis Crick, ‘Molecular structure of nucleic acids’,Nature 171 (1953): 737–8. “可以用刀切成两半”: Steven Pinker, How the Mind Works (W. W. Norton & Co., 1997), 64. 一个“难题”: ‘David Chalmers on the Hard Problem of Consciousness’, (Tucson, 1994), <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lWp-6hH_6g>. 一种“幻觉”: John Horgan, ‘Is consciousness real? Philosopher Daniel Dennett tries, once again,to explain away consciousness’, Cross Check blog, Scientifc American, 21 March 2017, <https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/cross-check/ isconsciousness-real/>. 但问题是: for example, Paul Davies, The Goldilocks Enigma: Why Is the Universe Just Right for Life? (Allen Lane, 2006); Ryan Gillespie, ‘Cosmic meaning, awe and absurdity in the secular age: A critique of religious non-theism’, Harvard Theological Review 111 (2018): 461–87.
“被盲目编程”: Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene: 40th Anniversary Edition (Oxford Landmark Science, 2016), xxix. “一 包 神 经 元 ”: Francis Crick, The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientifc Search for the Soul(Simon & Schuster, 1995), 3. “化学渣滓”: Reality on the Rocks, Windfall Films, 1995; quoted in Raymond Tallis, ‘You chem ical scum, you’, Philosophy Now, March/April 2012, <https://philosophynow.org/issues/89/You_Chemical_Scum_ You>. “这种还原论的世界观”: Steven Weinberg, Dreams of a Final Theory: The Scientist’s Search for the Ultimate Laws of Nature (Vintage, 1994), 53. “给宇宙赋予意义的机制”: The Atheist’s Guide to Christmas, ed. Ariane Sherine (Friday Project,2010), 83. “诗意自然主义”: Sean Carroll, The Big Picture: On the Origins of Life, Meaning and the Uni verse Itself (Oneworld, 2017), 3. “ 高 贵 的 存 在 ”: Brian Greene, Until the End of Time: Mind, Matter and Our Search for Meaning in an
Evolving Universe (Penguin Random House, 2020), chpaters 6, 7, 8 and 11. “ 特 殊 的 精 神 领 域 是 不 存 在 的 ”: ‘Physics of consciousness’, interview with Sean Carroll, Closer to Truth, <https://www.closertotruth.com/interviews/54817>. “数学为王”: Greene, Until the End of Time, 149– 155. “无法充分解释”: Thomas Nagel, Mind and Cosmos: Why the Materialist, Neo-Darwinian Con ception of Nature is Almost Certainly False (OUP USA, 2012). “ 拙 劣 推 理 ”: Andrew Ferguson, ‘The Heretic’, Weekly Standard, 25 March 2013, <http://www.weeklystandard.com/andrew-ferguson/theheretic>. “狗屁不值”: Michael Chorost, ‘Where Thomas Nagel went wrong’, Chronicle of Higher Ed ucation, 13 May 2013, <https://www.chronicle.com/article/Where-ThomasNagel-Went Wrong/139129>. 保 罗 · 戴 维 斯 …… 斯 图 尔 特 · 考 夫 曼 : Davies, Goldilocks Enigma; Paul Davies, The Demon in the Machine: How Hidden Webs of Information Are Solving the
Mystery of Life (Allen Lane, 2019);Stuart Kaufman, ‘Beyond the stalemate’, Cornell University, arXiv.org, <https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.2127v2>; Stuart Kaufman, Reinventing the Sacred: A New View of Science, Reason and Religion (Basic, 2008). “我们最确定的事”及后面的引用: interview with Galen Strawson in Chalk Farm, London, 13 August 2019. See also Strawson, ‘Realistic monism’; Galen Strawson, ‘Mind and Being: The primacy of panpsychism’, in Panpsychism: Contemporary Perspectives, ed. Godehard Brüntrup and Ludwig Jaskolla (OUP USA, 2016); Strawson, ‘A hundred years of consciousness’. 意识是否有可能延伸: Colin Klein and Andrew Barron, ‘Insects have the capacity for subjective experience’, Animal Sentience 9 (2016): 1–19; Sy Montgomery, The Soul of an Octopus: A Surprising Exploration into the Wonder of Consciousness (Simon & Schuster, 2016). 即 使 是 植 物 和 黏 菌 : Paco Calvo, ‘Are plants sentient?’ Plant, Cell and Environment 40 (2017):2858 –69; Chris Reid and Tania Latty, ‘Collective behaviour and swarm intelligence in slime moulds’, FEMS Microbiology Reviews 40 (2016): 798–806; Jordi
Vallverdú et al., ‘Slime mould: The fundamental mechanisms of biological cognition’, Biosystems 165 (2018): 57–70. 计算机和外星人的意识: Murray Shanahan, ‘AI and Consciousness’, in The Technological Singu larity (MIT Press, 2015), 117–50; Susan Schneider, ‘Alien Minds’, in Dick, Life Beyond Earth,189–206. 综 合 信 息 论 : Giulio Tononi and Christof Koch, ‘Consciousness: here, there and everywhere?’ Philo sophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 370 (2015), <https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0167>. “新一代的哲学家”和《伽利略的错误》: quote from David Chalmers’ praise for Philip Gof’s Galileo’s Error: Foundations for a New Science of Consciousness (Penguin Ran dom House, 2019). 关于更多人接受泛心论见 Adam Frank, ‘Minding matter: the closer you look, the more the materialist position in physics appears to rest on shaky metaphys ical ground’, Aeon, March 2017, <https://aeon.co/essays/materialism-alone-cannotexplain the-riddle-of-consciousness>; Philip Gof, ‘Panpsychism is crazy, but it is also most proba bly true’, Aeon, March 2017, <https://aeon.co/ideas/panpsychism-is-crazy-but-itsalso-most probably-true>; Olivia Goldhill, ‘The idea
that everything from spoons to stones is con scious is gaining academic credibility’, Quartz, January 2018, <https://qz.com/1184574/the-idea-that-everything-fromspoons-to-stones-are-conscious-is-gaining-academiccredibility/>.自斯特劳森2006年那篇颇具争议的论文之后又 出版了一些讨论泛心论的学术著作，包括David Skrbina, Panpsychism in the West (MIT Press, 2007); The Mental as Fundamental:New Perspectives on Panpsychism, ed. Michael Blamauer (Ontos Verlag, 2011); Panpsychism, ed.Brüntrup and Jaskolla. 奔 流 不 息 的 海 洋 : Freya Mathews, ‘Panpsychism as paradigm’, in Blamauer, Mental as Fundamen tal, 141– 56. “ 骑 着 什 么 活 物 ”: Freya Mathews, Reinventing Reality: Towards a Recovery of Culture (Univer sity of New South Wales Press, 2005), 111. “那些岩石闪着光”及随后段落的引用: Skype interview with Itay Shani, 26 July 2019. See also Itay Shani, ‘Cosmopsychism: A holistic approach to the metaphysics of experience’, Philosoph ical Papers 44 (2015): 389– 437; Itay Shani and Joachim Keppler, ‘Beyond Combination: How cosmic consciousness grounds ordinary experience’, Journal of the American Philosophical Association 4 (2018): 390–410.
对我们在这个星球上的存续: Freya Mathews, For the Love of Matter: A Contemporary Panpsy chism (State University of New York Press, 2003); Mathews, Reinventing Reality. 与爱因斯坦和玻尔是同辈人: Charles Misner et al., ‘John Wheeler, relativity, and quantum infor mation’, Physics Today, April 2009, 40–6. “反复地从概率雾中浮现”: Tim Folger, ‘Does the universe exist if we’re not looking?’, Dis cover, 1 June 2002, <http://discovermagazine.com/2002/jun/featuniverse>. This is Folger’s de scription, not a direct quote from Wheeler. “ 象 征 一 种 观 念 ”: John Wheeler, ‘Information, Physics, Quantum: The Search for Links’, in Com plexity, Entropy and the Physics of Information, ed. Wojciech Zurek (Addison Wesley, 1990),309–36. 在一系列变体实验中: 对延迟选择试验的回顾见Xiao-song Ma et al., ‘Delayed-choice gedan ken experiments and their realizations’, Reviews of Modern Physics 88 (2016), <https://doi.org/10.1103/ RevModPhys.88.015005>; Andrew Manning et al., ‘Wheeler’s delayed-choice gedanken experiment with a single atom’, Nature Physics 11 (2015): 539–42;
Francesco Vedo vato, ‘Extending Wheeler’s delayedchoice experiment to space’, Science Advances 3 (2017),<https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1701180>. 计划用遥远星系发出的光: Laurance Doyle, ‘Quantum astronomy: a cosmic-scale double-slit experiment’, Space.com, 13 January 2005, <https://www.space.com/667- quantum-astrono my-cosmic-scale-double-slitexperiment.html>. “ 烟 雾 龙 ”: John Wheeler, ‘Time Today’, in Physical Origins of Time Asymmetry, ed. J. J. Halliwell et al. (Cambridge University Press, 1994), 19–20; quoted in Anil Ananthaswamy, ‘Closed loop hole confirms the unreality of the quantum world’, Quanta, 25 July 2018, <https://www.quan tamagazine.org/closedloophole-confirms-the-unreality-of-the-quantum-world20180725/>. “在一架钢琴上敲出的音符”: Wheeler, ‘Information, Physics, Quantum’, 24. 亿万次微创造、“未知量子态”和同样具有革命性: Christopher Fuchs, ‘Notwithstanding Bohr,the reasons for QBism’, Mind and Matter 15 (2017): 245–300, footnote 5.
“现实比任何第三人称视角所能捕捉到的都要丰富”: Christopher Fuchs, ‘On Participatory Realism’, in Information and Interaction, ed. Ian Durham and Dean Rickles (Springer, 2017),113–34. 福 克 斯 心 目 中 的 天 才 : Fuchs, ‘Notwithstanding Bohr’. “纯粹的经验”: William James, ‘A World of Pure Experience (1904/11)’, in Essays in Radical Empiricism (1912), 39–91. 詹姆斯还说“植根于旧物质的新经验使宇宙 的 数 量 不 断 增 长 ”, William James, ‘Does “Consciousness” exist?’, Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientifc Methods 1 (1904): 477–91. “总是出现在局部”: William James, ‘Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Think ing’, ‘Lecture VIII, Pragmatism and Religion’, in William James, Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking (1907). “世界的本质”: Amanda Gefter, ‘A private view of quantum reality’, Quanta, 4 June 2015, <https://www.quantamagazine.org/quantum-bayesianismexplained-by-its-founder-20150604/>. “我们不是探索宇宙的机器”: Chris Hadfield, ‘What I learned from going blind in space’, TED talk, 19
March 2014, <https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=Zo62S0ulqhA>. 后记 短 篇 小 说 《 日 暮 》 : Isaac Asimov, ‘Nightfall’ (1941). 后来扩写为一部长篇小说，行星的名字更改为“卡尔 盖什”（Kalgash）: Isaac Asimov and Robert Silverberg, Nightfall (Doubleday,1990). 医学体系: 更多关于现代医学如何将重点放在人体和物理 治疗上，而不重视患者体验和心理方法见Jo Marchant, Cure: A Journey into the Science of Mind Over Body (Canongate, 2016).