000

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Aesthetical and Ecological Functions of Green Interfaces in Spatial Design

Selma Çelikyay/Prof.PhD.

department of landscape architecture
Bartın University
Bartın, Turkey

[email protected]

Fulden Gizli/Graduate Student

department of landscape architecture
Bartın University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science

Bartın, Turkey
[email protected]

Abstract

Spatial interfaces are the elements that establish and link relationships between spaces. Interfaces, which can be
either indoors or outdoors, but also between indoor and outdoor, have an important role in the relationship of the
building with the city and the citizen. The interface represents the area formed between the building and the
urban space and has a volumetric characteristic besides being planar. One of the innovative design applications
to increase human-nature interaction in urban space is green interfaces. Green interfaces have both aesthetic and
ecological functions as perceived elements in the transition between spaces. Green interfaces have a variety of
names such as vertical garden, green surface, living wall, green wall, bio-surfaced wall, green pier, landscape
wall. In addition to the positive effects of the green interfaces on the visual perception of space, there are also
positive ecological effects in terms of reducing urban heat island effect, improving indoor air quality, increasing
energy efficiency, increasing biodiversity and reducing noise. Green interfaces as important components of
sustainable built environment have positive functions in terms of urban ecology, building ecology and human
ecology and thus, improve the quality of life in the built environment.
In this paper, the aesthetic and ecological functions of the green interfaces, which have become an important
element in spatial design, will be presented in detail.
Keywords: Green interfaces, Spatial design, Human ecology, Building ecology, Urban ecology.

37

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

An Evaluation of Taş Khan and Dervişoğlu Khan for Sustainable
Protection in Bartın City Center

Selma Çelikyay/Prof.PhD.

department of landscape architecture
Bartın University
Bartın, Turkey

[email protected]

Burçin Karakaş/Lecturer

department of landscape architecture
Bartın University
Bartın, Turkey

[email protected]
Abstract

Sustainability, which has become the main strategy in determining the future of settlements and cities,
encompasses the use of natural resources without consuming them, and covers the transfer of historical and
cultural heritage to the future. In this context, it is important to protect the spatial structures that document the
cultural traces of past experiences in most of the settlements in our country and to transfer them to future
generations. Therefore, the sustainability principle should be taken into account in the spatial organization of the
built environment.
Sustainable protection is an important approach in building a sustainable built environment. Rather than an
approach that obliges and imposes immunity against historical heritage, the adoption of an approach that gives
the historical and cultural heritage a current use value within the daily life of society will ensure both protection
and sustainability, in other words, sustainable protection.
In this paper, the current situation and conservation problems are determined for the sustainable protection of the
two historical khans in the city center of Bartın, and the spatial possibilities of the khan architecture are
evaluated and new usage proposals are presented for Taş Khan and Dervişoğlu Khan in the context of the current
trends and requirements of the society determined a questionnaire. In this way, these two historical khans will
increase the use of public space and social life opportunities in the city center.
Keywords: Bartın, Taş Khan, Dervişoğlu Khan, Sustainable protection, Historical and cultural heritage.

38

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

AN INVESTIGATION ON SAFETY IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN
SUSTAINABILITY: DEAD ENDS

Mine BATAL

Architectural Design MSc Program – Department of Architecture
Yıldız Technical University
İstanbul/Türkiye
[email protected]

Gülendam ULUSOY

Landscape Planning MSc Program - Department of Urban and Regional Planning
Yıldız Technical University
İstanbul/Türkiye
[email protected]

Abstract

Dead end streets have been created for purposes such as privacy and war strategy in traditional cities. These
streets are closed to interaction due to their plan typology. The neighborhood culture continued as a result of
being closed to interaction. The dead-end streets were evaluated for safe, social interaction places.
On the other hand, it has been criticized in terms of the lack of security and preventing accessibility due to the
high level of privacy, low circulation and lack of vitality in the evening.
The aim of this study is to investigate the concept of security by examining the streets in terms of urban and
social sustainability and to investigate to whether the fact that a street is a dead end is sufficient to describe it as
safe.
In this study, security, urban and social sustainability concepts were examined in the first stage. In the second
stage, the process of formation of dead end streets in urban planning, usage purposes throughout the history and
plan typologies are mentioned. and the third stage, the social and cultural dimensions of dead-end streets were
emphasized. The contributions to neighborhood relations, the potential for social space formation, the unifying
and discriminating role in social dimension and their impact on security were examined. As a fourth stage, in this
study, the rate of crime in dead end streets has been evaluated by two different research methods: Space Syntax
and crime map investigations. The security level of the dead end streets was tested by using Space Syntax
method which evaluates the urban spaces by taking social, economic and perceptual factors into consideration. In
addition, in order to test crime rates and crime types in different areas, a crime map was used as a manipulation

39

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

and processing of spatially referenced crime data to be visually shown in an output that provides information to a
particular user. In the light of these evaluations as a result, it can be concluded that a street is a dead end is not
sufficient to describe it as safe and that other parameters have also been found to be effective in defining dead
end streets as safe. A table has been prepared about the advantages and disadvantages of dead end streets.
Strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats have been identified with this table.
Keywords: sustainability, dead ends, crime, security, blind alley.

Asymmetric Impact of Electricity Prices on the Stock Market: The Case of
NARDL Modeling for Turkey

Beyza Turhan

Department of Econometrics
Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ankara, Turkey
[email protected]

Nukhet Dogan

Department of Econometrics
Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Ankara, Turkey
[email protected]

M. Hakan Berument
40

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Energy Policy Research Center
and

Department of Economics
Bilkent University
Ankara, Turkey

[email protected]

Abstract

The aim of the study is to examine whether there is a short and long term asymmetric relationship between
Electricity Prices and stock exchange and sub sectors. For this purpose, non-linear autoregressive distributed lag
(NARDL) model, in order to examine the effect of Electricity Prices on the stock exchange and sub sectors,
monthly data which covers the period May 2006 to March 2018 was used.

Electricity, one of the secondary energy sources, is derived from primary energy sources (oil, natural gas, coal
etc.) by converting them into usable forms. In 2017, natural gas has the highest share (37,18%) while geothermal
energy source has the lowest share (2,04% ) in electricity production. At the stage of production of secondary
energy sources are obtained, conversion losses occur in plants such as thermal power plants and refineries, and
therefore secondary resources are much more expensive than primary sources. Electrical energy has a very
important place in human life because although it is a secondary source, electricity energy is the most consumed
and demanded energy type. In 2017; electricity consumption was 294,9 billion kWh.; 138,8 million kWh part of
this consumption is consumed in industry and service sector. Therefore, we have conducted a study examining
the relationship between electricity prices and the stock market and sub-sectors for the more commonly used
electric energy than primary sources.

According to the results of non-linear ARDL, there was an asymmetric relationship between service sector and
electricity prices for both short term and long term, while there was no relationship between stock exchange and
other sub-sectors (financial, industry technology) and electricity prices. As the service sector is one of the sectors
with the highest electricity consumption, the asymmetrical relationship between the service sector and electricity
prices coincides with our expectations. However, in the dynamic multiplier graphs that observe a 24-month
process, the asymmetric effect was observed in the stock exchange and all sub-sectors for the first three months.
After three months, this asymmetric effect ended on the stock market, technology financial and industrial
sectors, while its impact on the service sector continued until the ninth month.

Keywords: NARDL, Electricity Prices, Stock Exchange, Asymmetry.

41

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Biopower and Engine Biofuels Current Situation in Turkey

F. Enda Tolon

Department of Industrial Engineering
Istanbul Gedik University
Istanbul, Turkey
[email protected]

Filiz Karaosmanoğlu

Department of Chemical Engineering
Istanbul Technical University
Istanbul, Turkey
[email protected]
Abstract

42

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Energy demand and usage shapes according to the economic growth of the countries in the world. While Turkey
still maintains its place among developing countries, over the past decade, the Turkish economy grew at an
annual average real gross domestic product growth rate %5.6. It has been an important driver of energy demand
and investment in the Turkish energy market.

Because of the limited domestic energy sources available, energy demand has resulted in dependency on energy
imports, primarily of oil and gas. Considering Turkey’s growing energy demand, utilization of domestic energy
sources and increase the share of renewables has indispensable significance for Turkey. Turkey is implementing
new energy targets, strategies and action plan on energy efficiency, renewable energy, and climate change under
the Vision 2023. Turkey has issued all laws and regulations related to energy and environmental context of the
harmonization process with the EU acquis.

Turkey’s Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) was 84.2 million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) in 2005; however,
with the increase of %62 in 2016, it was 136.72 Mtoe. In 2005 after release law on Utilization of Renewable
Energy Sources and Electricity Market Licensing Regulation of the Electricity Market law private sector
investments in renewables have increased and for the first time biomass was defined as an energy source. Even,
renewable energy supply hydro and geothermal energy, be at the forefront of biomass energy as a strategic
source of energy for the country is noteworthy. Compared to other renewable sources, biopower has a low
penetration rate in Turkey. Its development depends on the availability of raw materials which depend on the
type of technology also current feed-in tariff in the short term. After the release of related law and regulations,
private sector investments in biopower generation have increased. Energy from biomass sources share among
renewables is 13.5%, the highest share after hydro and geothermal in 2017. Biomass share of renewable energy
supply occurs from 0.66% biofuel, 6.6% animal and agricultural wastes/residues and 7.2% fuelwood. Also,
fuelwood so traditional biomass is used by direct combustion widespread in households of rural and poor urban
districts for cooking and heating purposes. Fuelwood constitutes 53.5% of the combustible biomass resources
(fuelwood, animal and agricultural waste/residues) supplied in 2017.

Engine biofuels have a place with Petroleum Market Law the ethanol content of the gasoline types supplied to
the market as fuel products it is mandatory to include ethanol produced from domestic agricultural products must
be at least 2% as of 1/1/2013 and at least 3% as of 1/1/2014. By the end of 2015, bioethanol production in
Turkey was determined to be 150 million liters per year level. As of April 2019, 15 licensed firms produces
engine biofuels; Biodiesel Processing License Owners 10, Biofuel from Waste Processing License Owners 1,
Bioethanol Producer License Owners 3.

Turkey has enormous potential to offer improved rural energy services according to biomass, forest and
agricultural wastes. Although agricultural and forest residues/wastes are among Turkey's primary biomass
energy sources, they are not efficiently used to meet the energy needs of the country. This study examined
Turkey's existing biopower, engine biofuels profile within sustainable energy supply in Turkey's fight against
climate change and the study puts forth the place of biomass and development opportunities.

Keywords: Biomass, Biofuel, Biopower, Renewables, Climate Change.

43

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Comparison Analysis of Simulation and Real Field Results in PV Systems:
The Case of Malatya

Emre Kılınç

Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep. Marmara University

İstanbul, Turkey
[email protected]

Şafak Sağlam

Technology Faculty
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep. Marmara University

İstanbul, Turkey
[email protected]

Bülent Oral

Technology Faculty

44

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep. Marmara University
İstanbul, Turkey

[email protected]

Abstract

The importance of renewable energy is increasing day by day with the gradually decreasing of fossil fuels. Solar
energy is one of the most important and popular energy sources among renewable energy sources. Renewable
energy sources are indirectly or directly dependent on the sun. Solar energy is directly related to the sun. That’s
why, energy cannot be generated when there is no sufficient solar radiation. Increasing global warming
awareness, incentives given by governments around the world, being clean, sustainable and reliable have been
effective in the development of solar energy.
Turkey, lying in the sunny belt between 36° N and 42° N latitude, is located in a relatively advantageous
geographical location for solar energy. Turkey has been a rapid growth in the solar energy in terms of installed
PV capacity, especially in recent years. In addition, Turkey's installed PV capacity will further increase with
YEKA tenders. The average irradiation value of Malatya is 1600 kWh / m2 which is %5 higher than Turkey’s
average irradiation. Therefore, Malatya is a convenient place for sampling.
Before the installation of a PV system, a cost analysis and energy production simulation should be made
according to the location of the project, the sunshine duration, the equipment to be used etc. In this respect, a
feasibility study should be made with various assumptions and the return period of the investment should be
calculated.
There are various software developed for simulation of energy production. PVsyst is one of the most common
energy production simulation programs used in the solar energy industry. In this study, the energy production
simulation of a solar power plant, which has been invested in Malatya and is currently in operation, has been
analyzed by a 1-year real field data analysis. When using PVsyst software for simulation of energy production,
the SCADA system of solar power plant was used for the actual production data received from the power plant.
Keywords: Photovoltaic, Simulation Results, Field Data, Analysis, Comparison.

45

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Determination Energy Potential of Biomass Sources in Turkey with Exergy
Approach

F. Enda Tolon

Department of Industrial Engineering
Istanbul Gedik University
Istanbul, Turkey
[email protected]

Zafer Utlu

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Istanbul Gedik University
Istanbul, Turkey
[email protected]
Abstract

46

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

In need of to reduce energy-related CO2 emissions to limit climate change, energy transition is a path from
fossil-based sources to zero-carbon conversion. Energy transition can succeed by increasing the share of
renewable energy in the power sector. With the transformation trilogy in energy Decarbonization, Digitalization
and Decentralization energy from biomass sources have advantages following Turkey’s economic, social
development and sustainable development goals. Due to the growing economy and the increasing population,
Turkey’s energy demand is increasing every day and, according to International Energy Agency’s forecasts, and
the Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources’ projections energy trend will continue to grow in the
future. Turkey's current energy structure is already dependent on energy import. To reduce this dependency in
parallel to national energy strategy and to increase the security of supply renewable energy sources should be
used with the most efficient available technologies.

In Turkey, regulations for energy, and renewable energy are made considering the accession negotiations with
the European Union. Together with hydraulic, biomass, geothermal, wind and solar power plants, the share of
renewable originated energy sources in electricity generation reached 29% in 2017. Regarding the legislation,
biomass energy is defined in act 5346 Law on Utilization of Renewable Energy Resources for the Purpose of
Generating Electrical Energy (Renewable Energy Law). Biomass sources are using for heating, cooling, and
electricity purposes and blending component (biodiesel, bioethanol) for transportation. According to the Energy
Ministry, 3,216 GWh of electricity generated from biomass-based electricity generation plants with a total
installed capacity of 811 MW, in 2018. However, it is estimated by the Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural
Resources that Turkey's biowaste (biodegradable) potential of about 8.6 million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE)
and 1.5-2 MTOE of the amount of biogas that can be produced.

Turkey Biomass Energy Potential Atlas (BEPA) formed by the Renewable Energy Directorate of Energy
Ministry and demonstrate the potentials of generating electricity and biofuels from biomass sources in regional
and city-based. However, beyond that, due to bulk density and uneven distribution around the world energy
utilization from biomass has its complexities. In order to benefit from the available biomass resources in the
most efficient manner exergy analysis has critical importance to designing sustainable biorefineries.
Thermodynamic metrics use to achieve high process efficiency in an energy system and to find the answer
"What is the minimum amount of natural resource consumption (material and energy) required to make a
particular product?”
This study determines the available amounts of Turkey’s biomass resource potential for energy utilization
assessments by using exergy analysis.

Keywords: Biomass, Biopower, Exergy, Energy Utilization, Turkey.

47

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Determination of Thermal Comfort Conditions of A Educational Building
in Temperate - Humid Climate

Fatma Zoroğlu Çağlar

Yıldız Technical University
Faculty of Architecture
Istanbul, Turkey

[email protected]

Ferhan Hasmaden

Yıldız Technical University
Faculty of Architecture
Istanbul, Turkey

[email protected]

Ahmet Bircan Atmaca
48

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Yıldız Technical University
Faculty of Architecture
Istanbul, Turkey
[email protected]

Gülay Zorer Gedik

Yıldız Technical University
Faculty of Architecture
Istanbul, Turkey
[email protected]

Abstract

The comfort conditions of indoor environments should be appropriate to maintain healthy and comfortable living
and to be more productive working. Acceptable thermal comfort of the educational buildings will increase the
efficiency of the occupants. In the scope of the study, three classrooms in different facades, sizes and heights
were determined in a faculty building, in order to check the suitability of thermal comfort conditions of
educational buildings. Measurements and surveys were carried out in the determined classrooms during a day in
heating period. The body is one of the important parameter that affect thermal comfort conditions. The
temperature of the indoor environment varies according to the number of people in the environment due to heat
generated within the body, namely metabolic rate. Therefore, the field measurements were repeated in case the
classrooms were full and empty. The results of the survey were analyzed and compared with the measurement
results. The thermal comfort conditions of the classrooms were evaluated according to the specified levels in the
standards.
In the results of the measurement, it was determined that the classrooms were more comfortable when empty
compared to their fullness. It is determined that the occupants are not satisfied with the thermal situation, but in
general the environment allows the course to be understood and focused. It has been determined that the thermal
comfort conditions vary according to the directions, volume dimensions and locations of the classrooms. In order
to ensure thermal comfort, design parameters such as; the building layout, orientation, building form, internal
planning and optical - thermophysical properties of building envelope should be determined properly. In
addition, indoor air conditioning should be done according to occupant density and these design parameters. In
this way, while providing thermal comfort, energy consumption will be reduced.

Keywords: Thermal Comfort, PMV – PPD, Educational Building, Classroom, Temperate - Humid Climate

49

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Effect of Mg Doping Ratio on Optical and VOC Sensing Properties of
Zn1-xMgxO Thin Films

Utku CANCİ MATUR

Energy Technologies Application and Research Center
Istanbul Gedik University, Istanbul, Turkey
[email protected]

Onur ALEV

Physics Department, Faculty of Science
Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, TURKEY

[email protected]

Doğan AKCAN

Mathematics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences

50

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, TURKEY
[email protected]

Mehmet Can ALPHAN
Department of, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences

Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, TURKEY
[email protected]

Zafer Ziya ÖZTÜRK

Physics Department, Faculty of Science
Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, TURKEY

[email protected]

Lütfi ARDA
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences

Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, TURKEY
[email protected]

Abstract

As a wide band gap semiconductor, ZnO has a potential to be used in many applications like flat panel displays,
sensors, and transparent electronics, due to its electrical, gas sensing and optical properties. The physical and
chemical properties of ZnO can be altered by varying the stoichiometry and the doping ratio.
In this study, effect of varying magnesium doping ratio on optical and volatile organic compound (VOC) sensing
properties on zinc oxide thin films have been investigated. The samples have been synthesized by using a low
cost sol-gel dip coating method. ZnO Thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry and photoluminescence
(PL). Fabricated sensor devices with varying doping ratio were exposed ethanol vapor at different operation
temperatures to analyze VOC sensing properties.
Keywords: ZnO, VOC, Sensor, Sol Gel, Thin Film

51

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Energy Efficiency in The Settlement Texture Through The Use Of BIM

Mehmet Akif Aydın

Istanbul Technical University
Faculty of Architecture, Taşkışla, 34437

Istanbul, Turkey
[email protected]

Gül Koçlar Oral

Istanbul Technical University
Faculty of Architecture, Taşkışla, 34437

Istanbul, Turkey
[email protected]

Abstract

52

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

In order to meet the basic need of humanity for housing, it is inevitable to create new residential areas depending
on the increasing population. New residential areas that are growing day by day are increasing the amount of
energy consumed by the residential buildings, which are already having a large share in the world energy
consumption. The residential building sector is largely dependent on fossil fuels which are being deplete.
Therefore, the rapid increase in urban areas, optimum planning, developing and using of urban areas and
buildings in these areas in terms of energy consumption become very important. In recent years, climate change,
environmental pollution and rapid depletion of fossil fuels have led to the emergence of sustainable solutions in
residential areas.

When Turkey is examined in this context, energy problem is seen as an important topic in the country’s agenda.
In the emerging new and densely settled areas, rapid construction, unplanned urbanization, where energy
efficiency approach is ignored, causes rapid destruction of natural environment and exhaustion of energy
resources. For this reason, natural energy sources which do not pollute the environment and have very low
production costs should be preferred. As a non-pollution and renewable energy resource solar energy provides an
important reduction for energy consumption in buildings. In terms of economic and environmental aspects, the
reduction of energy consumption is also a matter of priority in the settlement texture design.

The settlement texture is a design variable significant to control energy consumption. The dimensions of the
buildings, their spacing (distance between buildings) and the arrangement of buildings with respect to one
another are the design parameters which define the settlement texture. As these parameters have an important
role in order to reduce energy consumption, the optimum values of them should be determined in the design
process.

On the other hand, nowadays, BIM (Building Information Modeling) systems, which are used in the design
process and which are up-to-date software, allow for easy inclusion of different approaches to design processes
with the conveniences and innovations. They provide and help to achieve more successful results. In building
designs aiming to reduce energy consumption, it is clear that the use of these systems will be effective in
determining the optimum design parameters. Although several definitions of the concept of BIM, it can be
defined as an architectural design process that provides consistent, processable, coordinated data creation in
building design and application processes and effecting decision-making processes by means of parametric
working feature and it can produce high quality application drawings and allows easy testing of design on
building performance issues. BIM systems also have the advantage of energy performance as they allow
conceptual analysis, even in the early stages of design. BIM systems are quite ahead in error detection and
instantaneous alternative generation because they enable data potential and ease of analysis that traditional
systems cannot provide.

This study aims to determine the energy efficient settlement texture design parameters by the using of BIM. In
this context, the method of the study comprises the following steps.

 Development of different settlement texture alternatives which benefit from the solar energy
 Calculation of the annual energy consumption for a selected residential building in the developed

alternatives,
 Comparison of calculated annual energy expenditures and determining the appropriate of the settlement

texture design parameters in terms of energy efficiency.

As a result, this study is focused on determining the appropriate settlement texture in terms of energy efficiency
by using BIM in the design stage. Taking the right decisions in the design stage, will enable the correct results to
be achieved in the construction and application phase. Especially in the realization of the settlements that affect a
large number of users, minimizing the errors that may occur later, is also very important in terms of the
construction economy and the country's economy.

Keywords: energy efficiency, settlement texture, BIM

53

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Energy Performance Analysis of a Residental Building Using Building
Information Modeling

Meryem Şeyma AYDIN

Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University
Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences

Erzincan, Turkey
[email protected]

Arzu GÜNCÜ

Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering

Erzincan, Turkey
[email protected]

Abstract

54

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

In recent years, global warming and environmental problems have become common concerns around the world.
One of the most important factors affecting the environment is the construction industry, which has high energy
consumption in primary energy. Energy is used to building operating and indoor comfort represent about 40% of
global carbon emissions. As a result of these environmental warnings, the demand for energy efficient building
design and construction has increased. Countries have set up arrangements with the aim to encourage designers
to consider the environmental impact and energy consumption of their building designs.

In this context, energy analysis tools have been used by designers to design energy efficient buildings. This
techniques are usually carried out at the end of the design stage after selecting materials and components.
However, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has the ability to help users evaluate different design
alternatives during the design phase. Using BIM tools, designers can choose the material and components early
in the design phase and make decisions about energy that have a major impact on the entire building life cycle.

The principal aim of this research is to analyse energy performance of a particular residental building design,
through the modelling of a detailed building information model using Autodesk Revit 2017. The other purpose
of this study is to determine the influence of building parameters and components to energy consumption and
environmental impact, to define the best performance conditions for being considered as potential settings for
adjusting the initial building design before starting the construction process. Additionally, the final outcomes
and the confirmation of the most suitable procedure using Autodesk based programs may be utilised as a
benchmark for developing future building performance analysis and may determine immediate considerations
for being adopted as standards conditions for new buildings.

Keywords: Building information modelling (BIM), Residental buildings, Energy Analysis, Autodesk Revit 2017

Exploring the Potential of Biomimicry as a New Approach for Sustainable
Building Design

Afef Ouis

Faculty of Architecture and urban planning
University of Constantine 3 Salah Boubnider

Constantine, Algeria
[email protected]

[email protected]

Nassira Benhassine

Faculty of Architecture and urban planning
University of Constantine 3 Salah Boubnider

Constantine, Algeria
[email protected]

Abstract

55

Istanbul Gedik University
International Conference on Energy
and Sustainable Built Environment

June 19-20, 2019
Istanbul, Turkey

Today nature appears as a rapidly changing universe, our relationship with this world in motion is becoming
more difficult and complicated affecting building users as well as building performance. At the same time, it
acquires importance and a growing need insofar as the new concepts and images of scientific research meet
immediately echo. They shape the look, the perception of the general public, and infect them. Biomimicry forces
a new set of questions that can be applied to the design process. As opposed to our buildings, which remain
static, biological designs respond to the environment and they are adaptable, resilient, multifunctional, and
generally zero-waste. Although, there have been several achievements of using biomimicry principals as a new
approach for achieving energy-efficient building design, but if we pose a question on sustainability! some
biomimetic designs do not achieve net positive impact lead to disadvantages rather than advantages. Hence, how
can use the Biomimicry to support sustainable building design? The evolving sustainability approach to building
aims to energy and resource efficiency, and environmental friendly outputs. To this end, successful building
design is becoming an increasingly complex task, due to a growing demand to satisfy more ambitious
environmental, societal and economic performance requirements, it is currently the most pressing, complex and
challenging agenda facing architects. This paper explores biomimicry, a new field that studies and emulates the
forms, functions, and process found in nature, which presents an immense source of inspiration for architects and
builders. However, the absence of a clear definition and comprehensive application of different approaches of
biomimicry particularly in the built environment remains elusive. Finally, the research problem is summarized
by highlighting various biomimetic approaches through a theoretical framework reviewing previous theories and
researches and also studying biomimetic technologies that lead to sustainability.
Keywords: Biomimicry, Building design, Nature, Sustainability.

Hybrid Nano-Composite Design for Nano-Architecture

Dott. Eng. Arch. Selale Elcin Sungur & Prof. Claudio Chesi

DASTU Department of Architecture and Urban Studies
Politecnico di Milano
Milan, Italy

[email protected], [email protected]

Prof. Cristina Tedeschi

DICA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Politecnico di Milano
Milan, Italy

[email protected]

Abstract

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The aim of this research is to create a comparison and correlation between the treatments in medicine in terms of
“bone regeneration”, the treatments in architecture in terms of “nanolime consolidation effects on limestone” and
the treatments of aerospace technology in terms of anti-icing nano-coatings techniques in order to prevent the
effect of freeze-thaw cycles in CH buildings. The criteria to be discussed related to these issues will be the
porosity and mass transport between the correlation of human bone and limestone, and anti-icing nano-coatings
between the correlation of aerospace engineering techniques to adopt into preserving CH buildings against the
freeze thaw cycles.

The issue will be held in 2 main steps: 1ST Step: As reference to Faculty of Medicine: France; University of
Orleans (Almhdie, Rozenbaum, Lespessailles, & Jennane, 2014) on bone regeneration therapy : Absorption of
compatible nano-chemicals (nano-silica Si02, HAP<200nm particle size, CaO, Ca(OH)2 nano-composite design)
treatment to inner porous structure : limestone, in order to have mechanical strength and consolidation. 2ND Step
: As reference to AIRBUS ICEPHOBIC Anti-icing Nano-Coatings Technology European Commission Project –
Polytechnique Montreal Canada – Functional Coatings and Surface Engineering Laboratory (LaRFIS): Anti-
icing icephobic nano-coatings of the porous structure (limestone) against the problem of freeze-thaw cycles and
building material deterioration on cultural heritage buildings. (coatings made of silica nanoparticles).

Expected result of the 1st step nano-treatment is to gain mechanical strength and consolidation effect inside the
building material , regarding as the main treatment. Then, in the 2nd step, regarding as the after treatment therapy
with the anti-icing nano-coatings, the expected result will be to prevent the CH buildings against their well-
known problem of freeze thaw cycles, caused by the thermal effects and the temperature differences between day
and night, and summer-winter, especially in the regions where the humidity and rain factor are the basic factors
for deterioration, caused the ice formation and the cracks inside the building material structure.

Research questions of this thesis; firstly, by using the techniques in medicine for “bone regeneration”; how to
find a solution to the well-known two problems of the nanolime treatment in architecture ; reduced penetration
and accumulation, whitened deposition. How to solve the problem of reduced penetration and accumulation in
porous structures in order to increase the capability of their treatment efficiency ? How to solve the problem of
whitened deposition in nanolime? Secondly, by using the techniques in aerospace technology, used by AIRBUS,
for “anti-icing nano-coatings technology”; how to find a solution to the well-known problem of freeze-thaw
cycles and ice-formation inside the building structure, that finally cause and effects the building material
deterioration.

During the study, the discussion will be focus on the solutions for sustainability of nano-treatments in nano-
architecture for future. The discussion points are; hybrid nano-composite design, “a simulation of bone
regeneration in medicine”, in which ways and techniques? “HAP hydroxyapatite - SiO2 - Ca(OH)2” hybrid
works well to solve the problem? Which hybrid nano-composite design could be the best solution? In which
synthesis technique to form the hybrid nano-composites works better? Which criteria effects the efficiency? How
to get a better penetration and consolidation in porous structures: “bone and limestone” ? How to avoid the back
migration of nano-particles?

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The idea of this research has application to patent for Politecnico di Milano POLIMI IRIS : 05.1. Brevetto &
Patent Application: 2018. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION: SCIENCE &
INNOVATION: Hybrid Nano - Composite Design for Consolidation of the Porous Structures : Limestone &
Bone “Transport Phenomena”, ID: hdl:11311/1065405

Keywords: Nano-architecture, Nano-composite, Hybrid, Design, Sustainability.

Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Coomassie Blue G-250 Adsorption on
Apricot Stone Activated Carbon

Tounsia AKSIL

Laboratory of Soft Technologies and Biodiversity (LTDVPMB/F S),
University M’hamed Bougara 35000 Boumerdès, Algeria
[email protected]

Moussa ABBAS

Laboratory of Soft Technologies and Biodiversity (LTDVPMB/F S),
University M’hamed Bougara 35000 Boumerdès, Algeria
[email protected]

Abstract

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Istanbul, Turkey

The preparation of Activated Carbon from Apricot Stone (ASAC) with H3PO4 and its ability to remove the
Coomassie Blue (CB) used in textile industry from aqueous solutions are reported in this study. The FTIR
spectroscopy is used to get information on interactions between the adsorbent and CB. A series of contact time
experiments were undertaken in stirred batch adsorber to assess the effect of the system variables. The results
were discussed and showed that ASAC can be used in the wastewater treatment. A comparison of two models on
the overall adsorption rate showed that the kinetic of adsorption was better described by the pseudo-second order
model. The adsorption isotherms of CB onto ASAC are determined and correlated with common isotherms
equations. The smaller RMSE values obtained for the Freundlich model indicate the better curve fitting; the
monolayer adsorption capacity of CB is found to be 10.09 mg/g at temperature 22.5 °C and 98.022 mg/g at
temperature 50 °C and pH ~ 2. The thermodynamic parameters indicate the spontaneous and exothermic nature
of the adsorption process. The positive value of the entropy (ΔS) clearly that the randomness in decreased at the
solid-solution interface during the CB adsorption onto ASAC, indicating that some structural exchange may
occur among the active sites of the adsorbent and the ions.

Keywords: Apricot stone; Isotherm; Kinetic; Thermodynamic

Municpal solid waste as a source of thermal energy of production of cement
in developing countries. Case study in a province in Morocco

Ouigmane Abdellah

Team of Spectro-Chiemistry Applied and Environment
Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Sultan Moulay Slimane

Beni Mellal- Morocco
[email protected]

Hasib Aziz

Team of Agro-Industrial and Environmental Processes
Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Sultan Moulay Slimane

Beni Mellal- Morocco
[email protected]

Boudouch Otmane

Team of Agro-Industrial and Environmental Processes
Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Sultan Moulay Slimane

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Beni Mellal- Morocco
[email protected]

Aadraoui Mohamed

Team of Geosciences and Environment
Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Sultan Moulay Slimane

Beni Mellal- Morocco
[email protected]

Ouhsine Omar

Team of Spectro-Chiemistry Applied and Environment
Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Sultan Moulay Slimane

Beni Mellal- Morocco
[email protected]

Berkani Mohamed

Team of Spectro-Chiemistry Applied and Environment
Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Sultan Moulay Slimane

Beni Mellal- Morocco
[email protected]

Abstract

In developing countries, waste management is considered as an environmental, social and economic problem for
local communities. Indeed, the mode of disposal that is commonly adopted is landfilling despit the health and
environmental risks that can cause this mode of treatement. Morocco is not excluded from this problem, it is
within this framework that this study was made in order to find a sustainable and feasible solution that meets the
requirements of sustainable development in the waste sector.

In this present work the fuel fractions contained in municipal solid waste (MSW) were characterized in order to
be incinerated in cement kilns as substituents of fossil fuels that are pollutants and exhaustibles. Firstly, a
characterization study in winter and summer in eight municipalities of Khenifra province was made according to
the MODECOM methode to separate the fuel fractioons and the non-combustible fractions, the fuel farctions has
undergone a second sorting into four categories. The results showed that the fuel fractions constitutes a mass
percentage of 35.96%, the sorting of this fraction into four categories allowed to find that the category
comprising the textile and the baby diapers is the most important with a percentage of 47% followed by the
second category consisting of paper and cardboard by 27% while the category constituted by plastic only 17%
and the category consisting of wood and various fuels by 9%. Secondly, a chemical characterization of the fuel
fraction has been made by constituting six formulations whose percentages of the categories are modified.
Afterwards, we did analyzes of NCV, Moisture content, Heavy Metals, Carbon Composition, Sulfur and
Hydrogen, chloride content and ash content. The results found for formulation 1 (25% Paper and cardboard, 25%
Plastics, 25% textiles and 25% wood and various fuels) are more optimal with an average value of NCV of 5573
Kcal / Kg, Chlorine content 0.08%, ash content 7%, heavy metals (arsenic 0.01 ppm, Cadmium 0.42 ppm,
chromium 31.16 ppm, lead 360 ppm, cobalt 0.01ppm), Carbon 47.67%, Hydrogen 5.38%, Oxygen 40.24%,
Nitrogen 1.05%, S 0.07%.

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The results found are encouraging for investing in the transformation of waste into thermal energy in cement
furnaces. The next study will concern the economic and environmental feasibility of this mode of recovery.

Keywords: developing countries, Municipal solid waste , cement kilns, characterization

Nano-Century & Nano-World: Dreams and Limits of Nano-Architecture

Dott. Eng. Arch. Selale Elcin Sungur & Prof. Claudio Chesi

DASTU Department of Architecture and Urban Studies
Politecnico di Milano
Milan, Italy

[email protected], [email protected]

Prof. Cristina Tedeschi

DICA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Politecnico di Milano
Milan, Italy

[email protected]

Abstract

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Istanbul, Turkey

Engineering, Architecture and Medicine are the concepts that exist since the human being has been created in the
world, arise regularly in response to human needs health, practice and living. Nevertheless, do we ever consider
before the correlation between nano-engineering, nano-architecture and nano-medicine in terms of the nano-
structured solutions that scientists discover worldwide in an interdisciplinary platform, getting advance rapidly.
Untill 2000s, the most inventive revolution was industrial revolution that hit the headlines during 18., 19.century,
based on steel and its innovations. However, today the scienceworld consider and discuss for nanotech as a
contemporary intelligence that will be expected to be the world leader forever. So, what are the dreams and what
are the limitations for this new nano-world, how efficient are the results, how much repetitive, what is the criteria
for the success and what must be the standarts?
The aim of this research welcomes all the scientists to a new dimension of the nanotech world to discuss for all
the affects, critics and drawbacks of nanoscience. What are our concerns, how safe it is, what can be the further
risks that we have to face in terms of the health concerns on human and environmental concerns on nature. The
size nano has a big question that disorient our minds which is hardly possible to guess all the affects without
experiencing the drawbacks. Therefore, the question is; how it could be possible to get precautions against
toxicity and how to make a balance to adopt to a new high tech world of nano-architecture?
On the other and, what makes nano-tech so innovative and what creates the magic? How qantum theory and
nano-particle kinetics concepts manage to amaze nanoscientists with its innovations and extraordinary
outcomes? Is it possible to create shortcut solutions between the results that has been achieved in nano-medicine
to nano-architecture? How the theory and application procedure of nano-tech can be parallel to multiple solution
concepts? How sustainable are these solutions? With all the great intelligence of nano-world, how it is possible
to enhance the quality standarts of high tech buildings and constructions, how this new findings affects the
mechanical strength, structural configuration and construction technology.
During this research, the answers of all these questions will be criticized with all aspects. So, a standardization
methodolgy will be created about the way how we need to adopt the needs, norms and regulations of
nanotechnology will be evaluated. Evaluation of efficiency (EE) and success parameters will be examined that
will result to understand the limits and the advantages of nano-treatments, with the drawbacks and risks as well.
The idea of this research has application to patent for Politecnico di Milano POLIMI IRIS : 05.1. Brevetto &
Patent Application: 2018. Nanotechnology In Architectural Restoration: Science & Innovation: Hybrid Nano -
Composite Design for Consolidation of the Porous Structures : Limestone & Bone “Transport Phenomena”, ID:
hdl:11311/1065405

Keywords: Nano-architecture, Efficiency, Stability, Standardization, Sustainability.

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Istanbul, Turkey

Optimal Allocation of Electric Vehicle Parking Lots to Improve Self-
healing Property of Smart Grid in Islanding Mode

H. Shayeghi, F. Khajvand, L. Bagherzadeh

Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
Ardabil, Iran

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract—Planning the charging and discharging of electric vehicles, as well as the optimal
allocation of parking lots as a distribution energy resources in order to inject electric power
into the smart grid during the fault, creates the potential that can simultaneously maintain
the network parameters at the optimal level and has the least load shedding. The system
studied is the 12-bus network of the Ulleungdo island in the South Korea. In this paper,

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firstly using the HOMER software, the power of electrical resources is calculated at the
desired geographic location under normal condition. Secondly the system is modeled after
the fault by General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) software, and the optimal location
and size of the parking lots, and the amount of curtailment of the distributed generation
sources are determined by Synchronous Branch and Bound (SBB) algorithm. The objective
functions of the problem include reducing of power losses and demand-not-supplied, and
improving the voltage quality. The results of the simulation indicate the high efficiency of
the proposed method for reducing the load shedding.

Keywords— Self-healing ; Plug –in hybrid electric vehicle parking lots; Islanding mode

Optimum Insulation Wall for CO2 Emission Reduction: An Application

Hasan YILDIZHAN

Peace Project Consultancy
Adana, Turkey

[email protected]

Abstract

Due to increase in energy costs and the climate change, it has been a necessity to reduce the utilization
of energy sources originating from the Carbon. One of the most effective precautions that can be used in this
matter is the heat insulation to be applied on the buildings. By saving from the energy used in the buildings for
heating and cooling through the heat insulation; the emission reduction of CO2 is achieved. Reducing CO2
emissions to prevent global climate change is achieved.In this study, the effect of different heat insulation
applications under the climate conditions of Hakkari, Turkey onto the CO2 emission has been experimentally

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investigated. In this work, the energy performance and the effects of CO2 emission in which the different wall
types (red brick, reinforced concrete, gas concrete, briquette) are attached with the different insulation materials
(plaster, eps, xps, aerogel) have been examined under the dynamic thermal conditions. Finally, the optimum
insulation wall type for better energy performances and lower CO2 emission has been determined according to
the experimental results.
Keywords: CO2 emission reduction, Insulation, Wall, Optimum

REFLECTIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PRINCIPLES INTO HOSPITAL
INTERIORS; INVESTIGATION OF BOULDER COMMUNITY FOOTHILLS
HOSPITAL AND VKV AMERICAN HOSPITAL IN THE GREEN HOSPITAL

CONTEXT
Begüm GÖKDAĞ

MA Interior Architect
Ankara, Turkey

begumgokdag @gmail.com

Simay ÖZKAN

Atılım University
MA Interior Architecture

Ankara,Turkey
Simay.özkann@ gmail.com

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Abstract

Increasing environmental problems due to overpopulation, and the negative impacts of these problems on living
creatures have brought sustainability forward. Nowadays, when energy consumption is intensified, the
exhaustion of fossil fuels which are used as resources has encouraged developing countries to use renewable
energy sources. Especially in buildings such as hospitals, energy consumption, and waste management have been
given significance.
Hospitals are not only those that heal patients with disease, but also buildings which are used by staff, attendants
and medical students, and are intended to protect their current health. As hospital buildings are associated with
hygiene and health, these structures must meet those expectations.
Hospitals are institutions that reinforce their energy consumption by having high amounts of energy and
continuous waste production. Because of the fact that hospital buildings provide service for 7 days and 24 hours,
they consume a large amount of energy and produce both chemical and domestic waste. It is known that this
situation harms the environment much more than expected. In addition to energy consumption, there are
chemicals that adversely affect human health in unsustainable structures. These chemicals are found in interior
materials and furnitures as well as in construction materials. The presence of such harmful chemicals in hospitals
contrasts with the aims of such structures which aim to provide health services. Those problems had created the
need for “green hospitals” which are taking advantage of renewable energy sources, using environmentally
friendly construction materials, planning waste management and providing green environments.
Green hospital design includes the use of daylight, proper artificial lighting, vernacular architecture forms and
materials, natural and non-toxic materials, good indoor air quality and ergonomics. These structures made with
an environmentalist approach contribute to the good management of energy consumption, while reducing the
stress on the patients with the elements such as air conditioning and lighting- which has an effect on healing
patients. At the same time, depending on the innovative design concept by the green hospital design, hospital
staff and visitors feels more comfortable inside the structure.
The aim of this study is to describe the green hospital concepts and investigate the effects of green hospital
elements into interior space. Acquired information is going to be used in case studies such as; USA/Colorado’s
first Leed certified hospital called Boulder Community Foothills Hospital and VKV American Hospital which
had gained importance with the leadership of green hospital building structure in Turkey. Examples are going to
be compared due to green building systems and their reflection to interior space.

Keywords: Green Hospital, Sustainable Hospital Design, Green Building Material, Boulder Community
Foothills Hospital, VKV American Hospital

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Smart City Prediction For The City of Izmir Using Fuzzy Logic

Hamit Gokay Meric

PhD Candidate in Urban Regeneration Department
Izmir Katip Celebi University
Izmir, Turkey
[email protected]

Tugce Ertan Meric

PhD Candidate in Architecture Department
University of Newcastle & Universiti Putra Malaysia

Newcastle, Australia & Selangor, Malaysia
[email protected]

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Istanbul, Turkey
Abstract
There is a global high demand for creating smart cities due to the increasing population of the world and lack of
natural resources. There are six stated criteria in order to be eligible to become a smart city, which are directly
related to governance, economy, mobility, community, environment and quality of life. In this study, feasibility
of a city in order to become a smart city will try to be predicted by using fuzzy logic in the context of afore
mentioned parameters.
Keywords: Smart City, Fuzzy Logic, Izmir, Smart City Criteria

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