GR 2013 01 21 - Energy Efficiency Watch

 

Energy
 Efficiency
 in
 Europe
 

Assessment
 of
 Energy
 Efficiency
 Action
 Plans
 and
 
Policies
 in
 EU
 Member
 States
 
2013
 

Country
 Report
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 GREECE
 

SURVEY REPORT

Progress in energy efficiency policies
in the EU Member States -
the experts perspective

Findings from the Energy Efficiency Watch Project

2012
*

Christiane Egger (O.Ö. Energiesparverband)

Summary
 Assessment

Introduction
  This
  report
  is
  one
  of
  27
  country
  reports
  published
  within
  the
  Energy-­‐Efficiency-­‐Watch
  project
  and
 
assesses
  both
  ambition
  and
  quality
  of
  EU
  Member
  States´
  energy
  efficiency
  action
  plans
  and
  policy
 
implementation
 (see
 more
 at
 www.energy-­‐efficiency-­‐watch.org).
 
 

Both,
 the
 NEEAP
 screening
 and
 the
 expert
 survey
 indicate
 that
 Greece
 has
 neither
 an
 ambitious
 nor
 
an
  innovative
  energy
  efficiency
  policy.
  Many
  aspects
  of
  the
  policy
  package
  can
  still
  be
 
strengthened.
  According
  to
  the
  NEEAP,
  the
  interim
  saving
  target
  for
  2010
  (2,8%)
  has
  been
  clearly
 
exceeded
 (savings
 of
 5.1%
 to
 10,9%
 reached).
 However,
 the
 main
 reason
 for
 these
 energy
 savings
 is
 
the
 economic
 recession
 which
 has
 hit
 Greece
 very
 hard
 during
 the
 reporting
 period.
 It
 is
 not
 possible
 
to
  clearly
  separate
  the
  impact
  of
  the
  economic
  recession
  and
  the
  savings
  attributable
  to
  political
 
measures
 in
 the
 second
 NEEAP.
 With
 regard
 to
 ESD
 target
 achievement,
 45%
 of
 the
 experts
 surveyed
 
state
 that
 the
 ESD
 target
 will
 not
 be
 reached.
 
 

The
 sectoral
 assessment
 of
 the
 NEEAP
 is
 as
 follows:
 
 

Sectoral
 Assessment
  • The
 public
 sector
 is
 the
 only
 sector
 that
 has
 received
 above
 average
 rating
 in
 the
 NEEAP
 screening.
 
It
  implements
  energy
  saving
  measures
  in
  public
  buildings,
  demonstration
  projects
  in
  schools
  or
 
information
  campaigns.
  The
  Greek
  public
  sector
  has
  set
  the
  framework
  conditions
  for
  public
 
procurement,
 has
 implemented
 several
 energy
 saving
 measures
 in
 public
 buildings,
 has
 introduced
 
energy
 management
 systems
 and
 launched
 pilot
 projects
 on
 energy
 service
 contracting.
 However,
 
the
  experts
  surveyed
  stated
  that
  the
  public
  sector
  was
  the
  sector
  with
  the
  greatest
 
implementation
 gaps.
 The
 result
 of
 the
 NEEAP
 screening
 therefore
 differs
 from
 the
 experts
 survey
 
in
 this
 point.
 
 

• Features
  of
 the
 Greek
 governance
  framework
 are
 horizontal
 measures,
 the
 promotion
 of
 energy
 
services,
  the
  development
  of
  an
  information
  system
  to
  monitor
  energy
  efficiency
  or
  the
 
consideration
 of
 different
 actors.
 
 

• Greece
  has
  furthermore
  set
  minimum
  energy
  performance
  standards
  for
  buildings.
  These
  are
 
complemented
 by
 economic
 and
 financial
 support
 and
 energy
 performance
 certificates.
 Innovative
 
systems
  in
  buildings
  are
  planned
  to
  be
  demonstrated
  on
  the
  basis
  of
  voluntary
  agreements.
  The
 
NEEAP
  does
  not
  mention
  audits
  or
  buildings
  specific
  advice.
  Furthermore,
  buildings
  specific
 
information
  campaigns
 as
  well
  as
 education
  and
 training
  for
 professionals
  of
 the
 buildings
  sector
 
are
 not
 mentioned.
 

• Energy
  efficient
  appliances
  are
  mainly
  promoted
  through
  EU
  legislation:
  The
  Directives
  on
 
Ecodesign
  and
  energy
  labelling
  have
  been
  transposed
  and
  are
  the
  core
  of
  the
  Greek
  policy
 
package.
 Some
 information
 tools
 have
 been
 developed
 on
 national
 level.
 

• Likewise
 energy
 efficiency
 in
 industry
 is
 promoted
 mainly
 through
 Ecodesign
 and
 energy
 labelling
 
requirements.
  In
  addition,
  excise
  duties
  for
  gas
  and
  electricity
  are
  set
  above
  the
  minimum
  rate.
  A
 
programme
 for
 the
 development
 of
 green
 business
 parks
 has
 furthermore
 been
 established.
 

• The
  policy
  package
  for
  transport
  focuses
  on
  financial
  incentives
  for
  the
  renewal
  of
  the
  vehicle
 
fleet.
 It
 is
 accompanied
 by
 investments
 in
 public
 transport
 and
 non-­‐motorized
 transport.
 

Conclusions
  The
  ambition
  of
  the
  Greek
  policy
  framework
  is
  medium,
  and
  large
  potentials
  remain
  untapped.
 
Improvements
 could
 be
 the
 following:
 

• It
 is
 advised
 to
 strengthen
 most
  of
 the
 aspects
  of
 the
  policy
 package
 for
 appliances,
  in
  particular
 
economic
 incentives
 and
 education,
 and
 training
 for
 retail
 staff
 could
 be
 established.
 

• The
  overall
  strategy
  of
 the
  public
  sector
 is
  not
  described.
 Targets
 for
  the
 energy
  consumption
  of
 
public
 buildings
 have
 not
 been
 set
 either.
 

• As
  to
  industry,
  it
  is
  advisable
  to
  promote
  obligations/commitments
  to
  energy
  management
  and
 
energy
 audits
 and
 to
 set
 economic
 incentives
 as
 well
 as
 energy
 saving
 targets.
 

• In
  view
  of
  better
  connecting
  the
  measures
  in
  the
  transport
  sector,
  it
  is
  recommanded
  to
  adress
 

more
  the
  residential
  sector
  as
  potential
  user
  of
  public
  transport,
  bikes
  and
  pedestrian
  paths
  by
 

means
  of
  campaigns
  and
  financial
  incentives.
  In
  this
  context,
  it
  is
  advised
  to
  push
  vehicle
  users
  to
 

use
 other
 modes
 of
 transport
 by
 a
 stronger
 regulation.
 
 

2
 

Screening
 of
 the
 NEEAP
 


 
 
  Overarching
 Energy
 Efficiency
 Governance
 Framework
 

long-­‐term
 strategy
  Comprehensiveness
 of
 policy
 package
 
other
 actors
 involved
 
energy-­‐agencies
  Long-­‐term
 EE
 target(s)
 and
  • No
 long-­‐term
 targets
 mentioned;
 
coordina^on/financing
  strategy
  • Reference
 to
 EU
 targets
 for
 2020
 
energy
 services
 
horizontal
 measures
  Involvement
 of
 non-­‐ • Municipalities,
 ESCOs
 and
 a
 research
 institute
 are
 
MRV
  governmental
 and
 market
 actors,
  part
 of
 the
 strategy
 
and
 sub-­‐national
 authorities
 

Energy
 agencies
 and
 climate
  • Energy
 agencies
 are
 not
 mentioned
 
protection
 agencies
 

EE
 mechanisms
 for
 overall
  • A
 green
 fund
 has
 been
 established;
 
coordination
 and
 financing
  • Financing
 is
 also
 available
 through
 other
 

programmes
 

Favourable
 framework
 conditions
  • Framework
 conditions
 have
 been
 adopted;
 
for
 energy
 services
 
• Details
 of
 energy
 performance
 contracts
 have
 
been
 regulated
 and
 a
 standard
 contract
 will
 be
 
published
 

Horizontal
 measures
  • Support
 for
 R&D;
 Voluntary
 agreements
 between
 
the
 public
 and
 private
 sector
 for
 energy
 saving
 in
 
commercial
 buildings
 planned
 

Monitoring,
 reporting
 and
  • Top-­‐down
 method
 used
 for
 quantification
 of
 
verification
  most
 savings;
 

• Attempt
 to
 take
 account
 of
 impact
 of
 economic
 
recession
 

Public
 Sector
 

Comprehensiveness
 of
 policy
 package
 

Public
 sector
 strategy
  • No
 strategy
 for
 the
 public
 sector
 outlined;
 
• Promotion
 of
 integrated
 energy
 planning
 of
 
public
 sector
 strategy
 
role
 model
  municipalities
 
public
 procurement
 
public
 buildings
  Role
 model,
 transparency,
 and
  • Information
 campaigns;
 
adequacy
 of
 package
  demonstration
  • Demonstration
 of
 energy
 efficient
 buildings;
 
• Promotion
 of
 energy
 efficiency
 in
 schools
 

Public
 procurement
  • Establishment
 of
 an
 office
 to
 coordinate
 and
 
implement
 public
 procurement;
 

• Requirements
 have
 been
 set
 for
 some
 appliances
 

Public
 buildings
  • Energy
 management
 systems
 are
 used;
 
• Pilot
 projects
 on
 energy
 efficiency
 in
 buildings
 and
 

energy
 service
 contracting;
 
• No
 targets
 mentioned;
 

Adequacy
 of
 policy
 package
 
  • Different
 actors
 have
 been
 considered;
 
• Supply
 and
 demand
 side
 are
 partly
 addressed;
 
• The
 saving
 potentials
 are
 partly
 considered
 


 


 
3
 

  Residential
 Sector
 -­‐
 Buildings
 

MEPS
  Comprehensiveness
 of
 policy
 package
 
other
 regula^ons
 
economic
 incen^ves
  Minimum
 Energy
 Performance
  • MEPS
 have
 been
 established;
 
financing
 instruments
  Standards
 (MEPS)
  • No
 roadmap
 for
 tightening
 of
 MEPS
 
EPCs
  Other
 regulations
 
advice
 and
 audits
  • The
 issuance
 of
 a
 buildings
 permit
 is
 linked
 to
 the
 
informa^on
  Economic
 incentives
  requirement
 that
 60%
 of
 the
 needs
 for
 domestic
 
demonstra^on
  hot
 water
 is
 covered
 by
 solar
 thermal
 systems
 
educa^on
 and
 training
  Financing
 instruments
 
adequacy
 of
 package
  • Financial
 support
 is
 available
 for
 energy
 saving
 
Energy
 performance
 certificates
  measures
 in
 old
 buildings;
 Support
 is
 granted
 for
 
MEPS
  (EPCs)
  central
 solar
 thermal
 systems
 and
 the
 
economic
 incen^ves
  replacement
 of
 old
 air-­‐conditioners
 
energy
 labels
  Energy
 advice
 and
 audits
 
informa^on
 tools
  Information
 tools
  • Low
 interest
 loans,
 reduced
 VAT
 and
 grants
 are
 
educa^on
 and
 training
  available
 for
 the
 installation
 of
 central
 solar
 
adequacy
 of
 package
  Demonstration
 projects
  thermal
 systems
 

Education
 and
 training
 for
  • Energy
 performance
 certificates
 are
 mandators
 
stakeholders
  for
 all
 buildings
 (>50m2)
 that
 undergo
 a
 complete
 
Adequacy
 of
 policy
 package
  renovation;
 Energy
 performance
 certificates
 are
 
also
 mandatory
 for
 existing
 buidings
 when
 they
 
are
 sold
 or
 leased,
 and
 for
 all
 buildings
 of
 the
 
public
 sector
 

• Not
 mentioned
 

• Several
 information
 and
 education
 campaigns
 are
 
mentioned;
 Not
 clear
 whether
 these
 address
 the
 
buildings
 sector
 

• Innovative
 systems
 in
 buildings
 are
 planned
 to
 be
 
demonstrated
 on
 the
 basis
 of
 voluntary
 
agreements;
 

• Upgrading
 of
 four
 industrial
 buildings
 to
 nearly
 
zero
 energy
 buildings
 

• Not
 mentioned
 

• Potentials
 are
 considered;
 
• Policy
 package
 is
 rather
 balanced
 

Residential
 Sector
 -­‐
 Appliances
 

Comprehensiveness
 of
 policy
 package
 

Minimum
 Energy
 Performance
  • The
 Ecodesign
 Directive
 has
 been
 implemented
 
Standards
 (MEPS)
 

Economic
 incentives
 
  • Not
 mentioned
 

Energy
 labels
  • The
 energy
 labelling
 Directive
 has
 been
 
implemented
 
 

Information
 tools
  • Smart
 meters
 are
 promoted;
 

• The
 Public
 Power
 Corporation
 is
 obliged
 to
 
provide
 information
 on
 energy
 efficient
 
appliances
 

Education
 and
 training
 for
 retail
  • Not
 mentioned
 
staff
 and
 other
 supply
 chain
 
actors
 

Adequacy
 of
 policy
 package
  • The
 policy
 package
 is
 based
 on
 the
 
implementation
 of
 EU
 requirements;
 Most
 
aspects
 of
 the
 policy
 package
 could
 be
 
strenghtened
 


 
 
4
 

Industry
 and
 Tertiary
 Sector
 

Comprehensiveness
 of
 policy
 package
 

standards
  Standards
 for
 equipment,
  • The
 Ecodesign
 Directive
 has
 been
 implemented
 
ES&A
 targets
  production
 process,
 products
 
 
obliga^ons
 
economic
 incen^ves
  Energy
 savings
 and
 action
 targets
  • Not
 mentioned
 
tradable
 permits
  for
 individual
 companies
 
 
energy
 taxa^on
 
energy
 labelling
  Obligations
 /
 commitments
  • According
 to
 the
 MURE
 database
 voluntary
 
adequacy
 of
 package
  agreements
 in
 the
 industrial
 sector
 are
 promoted;
 
 

• Companies
 wishing
 to
 participate
 will
 have
 to
 
agree
 on
 action
 plans
 to
 reduce
 energy
 
consumption
 

Economic
 incentives
  • Not
 mentioned
 
Tradable
 permits
  • Only
 EU
 ETS
 

Energy
 or
 CO2
 taxation
  • Excise
 duty
 for
 natural
 gas
 and
 electricity
 above
 
minimum
 rate
 

Energy
 labelling
  • EU
 energy
 labelling
 regulation
 
Other
 sectors
 
 
  • Several
 measures
 in
 the
 agricultural
 sector.
 

Adequacy
 of
 policy
 package
  • The
 supply
 and
 demand
 side
 of
 energy
 efficiency
 
markets
 have
 been
 addressed
 

Transport
 Sector
 

planning
 instruments
  Comprehensiveness
 of
 policy
 package
 
regulatory
 instruments
 
economic
 incen^ves
  Planning
 instruments
  • Concrete
  measures
  to
  support
  public
  transport
 
informa^on
  and
  non-­‐motorised
  transport
  (e.g.
  urban
  mobility
 
R&D
 support
  plans)
 have
 been
 set
 up
 
adequacy
 of
 package
 
• The
  integrated
  energy
  planning
  of
  municipalities
 
partly
 also
 addresses
 mobility
 

Regulatory
 instruments
  • Only
 public
 procurement
 mentionned
 

Economic
 incentives
  • Tax
 incentives
 are
 available
 
• Mainly
 due
 to
 EU
 

Information
 and
 advice
  • Information
  campaigns
  and
  trainings
  promote
 
eco-­‐driving
 

R&D
 support
  • Not
 mentioned
 

Adequacy
 of
 policy
 package
  • Potentials
 considered
 
• The
 policy
 mix
 has
 a
 strong
 focus
 on
 road
 vehicles
 

(e.g.
 no
 awareness
 campaign
 on
 public
 transport)
 


 

 
5
 

Findings
 from
 the
 Expert
 Survey
 

In
  2011
  and
  2012,
  Energy-­‐Efficiency-­‐Watch
  Greece:
 overall
 ambiUon
 of
 the
 
conducted
 a
 quantitative
 and
 qualitative
 survey
 with
  energy
 efficiency
 policies
 
national
  experts
  on
  implementation
  of
  energy
 
efficiency
 policies
 in
 EU
 Member
 States.
 

Only
  a
  low
  percentage
  of
  respondents
  deem
  that
  8%
  24%
 
the
  Greek
  policy
  is
  generally
  ambitious
  (8%,
  30
  24%
 
questionnaires
  were
  completed
  for
  Greece)
  while
 
44%
 of
 the
 respondents
 think
 that
 the
 Greek
 energy
  44%
 
efficiency
  policy
  is
  ambitious
  in
  at
  least
  a
  few
 
sectors
 and
  24%
  consider
  the
  ambition
  as
  generally
  generally,
 rather
 low
 
low.
 More
 than
 60%
 believe
 that
 the
 ESD
 target
 will
  ambi^ous
 in
 a
 few
 sectors,
 less
 so
 in
 most
 others
 
not
  be
  achieved
  or,
  if
  achieved,
  will
  not
  lead
  to
  ambi^ous
 in
 a
 range
 of
 sectors,
 less
 so
 in
 a
 few
 others
 
much
  savings.
  With
  regard
  to
  the
  progress
  made
  generally,
 rather
 high
 
since
 the
 last
 NEEAP,
 around
 half
 of
 the
 respondents
 
consider
  that
  good
  progress
  was
  made
  while
  the
 
other
  half
  of
  the
  respondents
  consider
  that
  only
 
little
 progress
 was
 made.
 The
 most
 important
 gap
 in
 
energy
  efficiency
  policies
  was
  identified
  in
  the
 
public
 sector
 (by
 more
 than
 40%
 of
 the
 respondents,
 
this
  is
  the
  highest
  score
  for
  the
  public
  sector
  in
  all
 
Member
 States).
 The
 biggest
 single
 barrier
 to
 energy
 
efficiency
 is
 financing
 according
 to
 60%
 of
 the
 experts.
 

The
  economic
  crisis
  had
  a
  significant
  impact
  on
  Greece.
  The
  surveyed
  experts
  observe
  that
  the
  related
 
reduction
 in
 service
 and
 industrial
 output
 as
 well
 as
 a
 need
 for
 general
 cost
 reductions
 led
 to
 a
 decrease
 in
 
energy
 consumption.
 As
 an
 effect
 of
 the
 crisis,
 however,
 more
 use
 is
 also
 made
 of
 public
 transport.
 Access
 
to
 finance
 and
 investments
 
 has
 become
 very
 difficult.
 

With
  regard
  to
  the
  public
  sector
  experts
  stated
  that
  funding
  for
  demonstration
  projects
  exists,
  including
 
educational
  buildings
  and
  energy
  contracting.
  Some
  incentives
  were
  set
  for
  energy
  efficient
  public
 
transport
  and
  bike
  lanes
  were
  built.
  CRES,
  a
  national
  enitity
  for
  the
  promotion
  of
  energy
  efficiency
  and
 
renewable
 energy,
 has
 seen
 important
 budget
 cuts.
 
 

On
 the
 residential
 sector
 experts
 report
 that
 strict
 regulations
 are
 in
 place
 for
 new
 buildings
 which
 seem
 to
 
be
 well
 received.
 Furthermore,
 a
 funding
 programme
 for
 building
 refurbishment
 was
 set
 up.
 
 

Among
 specific
 energy
 efficiency
 policy
 instruments
 energy
 audits
 and
 energy
 efficiency
 funds
 are
 seen
 as
 
the
 most
 effective.
 
 

Greece:
 achievement
 of
 naUonal
 energy
 savings
 target
 

16%
  45%
  target
 will
 not
 be
 achieved
 
3%
 
18%
  target
 will
 be
 achieved
 but
 will
 not
 lead
 to
 a
 lot
 of
 
addi^onal
 savings
 
18%
  target
 will
 probably
 be
 achieved
 

target
 will
 certainly
 be
 achieved
 

not
 aware
 of
 energy
 savings
 target
 


 
6
 

Greece:
 the
 most
 important
 gap
 in
 energy
 efficiency
 policies
 

others/
 comment
  5%
 

energy
 sector
  10%
 

transport
 sector
  15%
 

industry
 &
 service
 sector
  15%
 

public
 sector
  45%
 

residen^al
 sector
  10%
 

0%
  5%
  10%
  15%
  20%
  25%
  30%
  35%
  40%
  45%
  50%
 

Good
 Practice
 Examples
 

Greece
 succeeded
 in
 establishing
 a
 good
 policy
 framework
 for
 the
 public
 sector
 which
 can
 be
 seen
 as
 good
 
practice
  example.
  Greece
  is
  strong
  setting
  a
  role
  model
  through
  information
  campaigns,
  demonstration
  of
 
energy
  efficient
  buildings,
  and
  promoting
  of
  energy
  efficiency
  in
  schools.
  As
  well
  measures
  for
  public
 
procurement
 and
 public
 buildings
 are
 good.
 


 

The
 buildings
  sector
 shows
 balanced
 results.
 Apart
 of
 advice
 &
 audits
 and
 education
 &
 training
 which
 are
 
not
 mentioned
 all
  measures
  except
  one
  are
  balanced
  and
 could
 be
  improved.
  Demonstration
  objects
  are
 
very
  good
  integrated
  and
  do
  not
  need
  improvement.
  Good
  practice
  examples
  could
  be
  derived
  using
 
following
  NEEAPs.
  Germany
  can
  be
  used
  as
  a
  good
  practice
  example
  concerning
  information,
  finance
  &
 
incentives
  and
  governance
  framework.
  Minimum
  energy
  performance
  standards
  are
  in
  place
  for
  new
  and
 
existing
  buildings
  undergoing
  major
  renovations.
  There
  is
  also
  a
  regular
  strengthening
  of
  targets
  and
 
obligations.
  France
  is
  a
  good
  example
  for
  enforcement
  mechanisms.
  An
  official
  Energy
  Performance
 
Certificate
  is
  issued
  in
  Ireland
  for
  each
  home
  which
  receives
  and
  energy
  upgrade
  detailing
  all
  energy
 
efficiency
  measures
  carried
  out
  on
  the
  house.
  Energy
  performance
  certificates
  are
  also
  mandatory
  in
 
Germany
  at
  time
  of
  sale
  or
  lease
  and
  contain
  improvement
  recommendations.
  Other
  measures
  as
  the
  Act
 
on
 the
 Promotion
 of
 Renewable
 Thermal
 Energy
 have
 additional
 impact
 on
 energy
 efficiency.
 Through
 the
 
promotion
  programmes
  of
  the
  state-­‐owned
  KfW
  bank,
  economic
  incentives
  in
  form
  of
  either
  direct
  grants
 
or
 low-­‐interest
 loans
 for
 EE
 in
 buildings
 are
 available
 for
 both
 single
 measures
 and
 comprehensive
 retrofits
 
as
 well
 for
 new
 construction.
 Luxembourg
 is
 a
 good
 practice
 example
 for
 a
 comprehenisve
 offer
 of
 training
 
and
 education
 of
 professionals
 of
 the
 buildings
 sector.
 
 


 

The
 appliances
 sector
 is
 both
 for
 Greece
 and
 cross-­‐country
 one
 of
 the
 weakest
 sectors.
 Nevertheless
 some
 
good
 practices
 can
 be
 found
 in
 the
 NEEAPs
 as
 well.
 Information
 for
 instance
 is
 provided
 through
 labels
 that
 
uses
 standards
 and
 therefore
 give
 orientation
 which
 can
 be
 found
 in
 the
 Netherlands.
 As
 well
 information
 
centres,
  websites
  and
  web
  based
  tools
  e.g.
  for
  calculating
  energy
  savings
  provide
  help
  and
  orientation.
 
Those
 can
 be
 found
 in
 the
 Netherlands
 and
 especially
 in
 France.
 Concerning
 the
 governance
 framework
 the
 
implementation
  of
  the
  Ecodesign
  Directive
  on
  national
  level
  can
  be
  seen
  as
  first
  step.
  In
  France
  there
  is
 
additionally
  a
  co-­‐operation
  with
  the
  lighting
  trade
  union
  to
  remove
  the
  least
  efficient
  products
  from
  the
 
market.
  Financial
  incentives
  that
  target
  businesses
  are
  available
  in
  the
  Netherlands.
  Incentives
  are
  for
 
instance
 energy
 investment
 allowances
 and
 tax
 rebates
 for
 purchase
 of
 energy
 efficient
 equipement.
 A
 tax
 
incentive
 is
 also
 provided
 by
 Ireland.
 The
  corresponding
  list
 of
  efficient
  equipment
  is
  also
  used
 used
  as
 a
 
best
  practice
  list
  by
  public
  bodies
  for
  public
  procurement.
  This
  instrument
  thus
  links
  public
  and
  private
 
sector
  purchases
  and
  creates
  a
  greater
  market
  for
  the
  eligible
  energy
  efficient
  products.
  R&D
  funding
 
(Energy
 Research
 Subsidy)
 is
 available
 for
 energy
 saving
 technologies
 but
 it
 is
 not
 clear
 whether
 the
 subsidy
 
will
 be
 available
 also
 in
 future.
 


 

7
 

 

 
 

Disclaimer
 

The
  sole
  responsibility
  for
  the
  content
  of
  this
  publication
  lies
  with
  the
  authors.
  It
  does
  not
  necessarily
  reflect
  the
 
opinion
 of
 the
 European
 Union.
 Neither
 the
 EACI
 nor
 the
 European
  Commission
 are
  responsible
 for
 any
 use
 that
 
may
 be
 made
 of
 the
 information
 contained
 therein.
 The
 analysis
 performed
 here
 is
 based
 almost
 exclusively
 on
 the
 
information
  provided
  in
  the
  NEEAPs.
  Consequently,
  a
  low
  score
  for
  any
  of
  the
  criteria
  analysed
  could
  also
  be
  the
 
result
  of
  a
  NEEAP
  lacking
  detailed
  information.
  The
  purpose
  of
  this
  assessment
  is
  not
  an
  absolute
  ranking
  among
 
Member
 States
 but
 is
 focusing
 on
 each
 Member
 State’s
 individual
 conditions.
 
 

The
 Project
 

In
 2006,
 the
 European
 Union
 adopted
 the
 Directive
 on
 energy
 end-­‐use
 efficiency
 and
 energy
 services
 ("ESD").
 The
 
Directive
  sets
  an
  indicative
  energy
  saving
  target
  of
  9
  %
  by
  2016
  as
  well
  as
  obligations
  on
  national
  authorities
 
regarding
  energy
  savings,
  energy
  efficient
  procurement
  and
  the
  promotion
  of
  energy
  efficiency
  and
  energy
 
services.
 It
 requires
 Member
 States
 to
 submit
 three
 National
 Energy
 Efficiency
 Action
 Plans
 (NEEAPs),
 scheduled
 for
 
2007,
 2011
 and
 2014.
 
The
  Energy-­‐Efficiency-­‐Watch
  Project
  aims
  to
  facilitate
  the
  implementation
  of
  the
  Energy
  Service
  Directive
  and
  the
 
Energy
  Efficiency
  Directive.
  This
  Intelligent
  Energy
  Europe
  project
  tried
  to
  portray
  the
  progress
  made
  in
 
implementation
  of
  energy
  efficiency
  policies
  since
  the
  Energy
  Service
  Directive
  via
  NEEAPs
  screening
  and
  an
 
extensive
 EU
 wide
 expert
 survey.
 
www.energy-­‐efficiency-­‐watch.org
 

The
 Authors
 

Ralf
 Schüle,
 Thomas
 Madry,
 Vera
 Aydin,
 Jonas
 Fischer,
 Jan
 Kaselofsky,
 Thorsten
 Koska,
 Carolin
 Schäfer-­‐
 Sparenberg,
 
Lena
 Tholen
 (Wuppertal
 Institute)
 
 
Daniel
 Becker,
 Nikolas
 Bader
 (Ecofys)
 
Christiane
 Egger
 (O.Ö.
 Energiesparverband)
 
with
 contributions
 by
 
Reinhold
 Priewasser,
 Michaela
 Kloiber
 (University
 of
 Linz)
 Nils
 Borg
 (eceee),
 
 
Dominique
 Bourges
 (Fedarene),
 Peter
 Schilken
 (Energy
 Cities)
 

List
 of
 Abbreviations
 

EE
  –
  Energy
  Efficiency,
  EED
  –
  Energy
  Efficiency
  Directive,
  EPC
  –
  Energy
  Performance
  Certificates,
  EPDB
  –
  Energy
 
Performance
  of
  Buildings
  Directive,
  ES&A
  Targets
  -­‐
  Energy
  Savings
  and
  Action
  Targets,
  ESCO
  –
  Energy
  Service
 
Company,
 ESD
 –
 Energy
 Service
 Directive,
 EU
 –
 European
 Union,
 EEW
 –
 Energy-­‐Efficiency-­‐Watch,
 MEPS
 –
 Minimum
 
Energy
  Performance
  Standards,
  MRV
  –
  Monitoring,
  Reporting
  and
  Verification,
  MURE
  –
  Mesures
  d’Utilisation
 
Rationelle
 de
 l’Energie,
 NEEAP
 –
 National
 Energy
 Efficiency
 Action
 Plan,
 R&D
 –
 Research
 and
 Development
 
 

Photography
 Credits:
 PhotoDisc,
 iStock,
 www.openclipart.org