ASSIGNMENT DCC50232 2022 _GROUP 2

ENGINEERING
IN

AHMAD HAZIQ FIKRI BIN AMINUDDIN (F1062)
MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN MOHD ZAHER (F1056)
MUHAMMAD AMZAR HAKIM BIN AZHAR (F1078)
MUHAMMAD SHAHIRAN BIN ZULKARNAIN (F1072)
SYASYA NURBALQIS BINTI MUHAMMAD SALEH (F1069)

[1]

COURSE CODE / DCC50232/
COURSE NAME ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY

SESSION 1 2022/2023

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CLO1: A2 PLO6: ASSESSMENT TOOL (%):
ASSIGNMENT/ROLE PLAY (20%)

Discuss the roles of engineering in Demonstrate knowledge of the TOPICS:

society and the duties of societal, health, safety, legal

maintaining health and safety in the and cultural issues and the 1- Engineering Challenges in Modern

workplace consequent responsibilities Society

relevant to engineering 2- Public Safety and Health in Civil

technician practice and Engineering

solutions to well-defined

engineering problems (DK7)

KNOWLEDGE PROFILE (DK) DK7: Depth of Knowledge CLO1
DURATION
8 Hours (NF2F) MARKS
PROGRAMME/ SECTION
TOTAL MARKS /20

DKA 5B/ DKA 5C/ DKA 5D/ DKA 5E

COURSE LECTURER PN. SHARINATOL AKMANIDA BINTI JAMALUDIN

ASSESSMENT INSTRUCTION:

1. Submit the hardcopy and PDF format at TEAMS/CIDOS by the group.

REGISTRATION NO. NAME CLO MARKS
/100
01DKA20F1056 MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN 1
01DKA20F1062 MOHD ZAHER
01DKA20F1069 AHMAD HAZIQ FIKRI BIN
01DKA20F1072 AMINUDDIN
SYASYA NURBALQIS BINTI
MUHAMMAD SALEH
SHAHIRAN BIN ZULKARNAIN

01DKA20F1078 MUHAMMAD AMZAR HAKIM
BIN AZHAR

Group: FOUR/FIVE students only. TOTAL

Prepared by: Reviewed and validated by:
(SHARINATOL AKMANIDA BINTI JAMALUDI)N
______________________________
Course Coordinator ()
Head of Programme

[2]

GROUP ASSESSMENT LOG

COURSE: DCC 50232
ASSESSMENT:
SECTION: DKA 5C
GROUP:GROUP 2

PART A: DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES Name Responsible/
No. Registration Num. Role

1. 01DKA20F1056 MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN Building Construction
MOHD ZAHER

2. 01DKA20F1062 AHMAD HAZIQ FIKRI BIN Structural engineering
AMINUDDIN

3. 01DKA20F1069 SYASYA NURBALQIS BINTI Environmental
MUHAMMAD SALEH engineering

4. 01DKA20F1072 SHAHIRAN BIN ZULKARNAIN Building material

5. 01DKA20F1078 MUHAMMAD AMZAR HAKIM Transportation

BIN AZHAR engineering

PART B: RESPONSIBILITY AND COMMITMENT DECLARATION

Acknowledged and signed by group members.

No. Registration Name Sign
Num.

1. 01DKA20F1056 MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN
MOHD ZAHER

2. 01DKA20F1062 AHMAD HAZIQ FIKRI BIN
AMINUDDIN

3. 01DKA20F1069 SYASYA NURBALQIS BINTI
MUHAMMAD SALEH

4. 01DKA20F1072 SHAHIRAN BIN ZULKARNAIN

5. 01DKA20F1078 MUHAMMAD AMZAR HAKIM
BIN AZHAR

Notes: COMPULSORY added in all assessments after the front page.

[3]

CONTENT……

05 PREFACE ENGINEERING 31 6.0 GEOTHECNICAL
IN SOCIETY
ENGINEERING
06 1.0 ENGINEERING IN
36 CONCLUSION
SOCIETY

08 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING

14 3.0 TRANSPORTATION

ENGINEERING

21 4.0 BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION

26 5.0 WATER SUPPLY AND

SANITARY

[4]

…PREFACE…

ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY

introduces readers to the function of engineers in the
perspective of their job in industry and interactions
with the larger society. Readers will be introduced to
public safety and health, as well as technology and
progress in the civil engineering industry. This eBook
also emphasizes the concept and implications of
engineering in society, ethical conduct, professional
codes of ethics, and sustainable development in the
context of science and engineering application locally
and worldwide.

[5]

1.0 ENGINEERING in SOCIETY

maintaining public safety and health in the

community

C Health and safety are one of the oldest engineering concerns. Sanitary

engineering and public health drastically improved the quality of life
among ancient people through the construction of water channels and

I sewage drainage systems. Working with machinery can make certain tasks

easier, but it also leaves room for dangerous workplace accidents. With
the Industrial Revolution, machinery became larger and more complex,

V and the need for safety became a more prominent concern.

I

L Engineering in society to solve public safety and health issues is to
guarantee the safety of workers and the public. Congress created OSHA
to assure safe and healthy conditions for working men and women by
setting and enforcing standards and providing training, outreach,
education, and compliance assistance. Under the OSHA law, employers
are responsible for providing a safe and healthy workplace for their
workers. In another point of view, safety in engineering means the study
of causes and the prevention of accidental deaths and injuries Safety
engineering is an engineering discipline that assures that engineered
systems provide acceptable levels of safety.

EN G I NEERING

[6]

1.1 Impact of engineering in society on public safety and health
in the community.

Engineering has completely changed the world we live in, from modern
homes, bridges, space travel, cars and the latest mobile technology. Innovative
ideas are at the heart of what engineers do, and they use their knowledge to
create new and exciting prospects and solve any problems that may arise. This
situation has greatly helped the community in carrying out daily activities
more smoothly.

Engineering plays an important role in public health such as solving
environmental health issues. To face public health challenges that stem from
environmental problems, we need thoughtful ideas in solving those problems
for the benefit of society. This situation helps the community to live in a
healthy state without suffering from any disease due to pollution.

Engineering has helped the environment to ensure the development of society
and the sustainable use of water, land and air resources. This goal is achieved
by managing these resources so that pollution and environmental degradation
can be minimized. Therefore, the community can enjoy the good that has
been done safely.

1.2 Importance of engineering in society to solve public
safety and health issues.

Ensure that the design, construction, operation and maintenance provided meet
the existing needs without suspecting the ability, for future generations to enjoy
and feel the result of a revolution that is highlighted in accordance with the
passage of time.

Controlling and reducing waste management, creating buildings that are
friendly to the environment, using materials and construction technologies that
do not attack the ecosystem, are part of the interests that have an impact on the
country as well as public safety and health.

Engineering has helped the environment to ensure the development of society
and the sustainable use of water, land and air resources. This goal is achieved

. by managing these resources so that pollution and environmental degradation

can be minimized. Therefore, the community can enjoy the good that has
been done safely.

[7]

…ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING…

The goal of environmental engineering is to maintain and
improve the ecosystems of nature in order to improve human
well-being. It offers engineering solutions to deal with
environmental problems and improve every area of the
environment connected to the health of living

HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Modern environmental engineering began in London in the mid-nineteenth
century. Joseph Bazalgette, chief engineer at London's Metropolitan Board of
Works, designed the first sewage system. This system was used to carry city
waste to the river Thames, which led to cholera epidemics later on.

Engineers observe the effects of dumping waste in rivers and provide
innovative solutions to treat waste before disposal. Subsequently, drinking
water treatment plants were also designed to reduce outbreaks of waterborne
diseases caused by contaminated water.

JOSHI, S. (2021, DES 02). Why Is Environmental Engineering Important for Human Health? Retrieved from CIVIL ENGINNERING
DESIGN: https://www.g2.com/articles/environmental-engineering
[8]

JKKP. (2022, SEP 18). KESELAMATAN TAPAK BINAKERJA DI TEMPAT TINGGI. Retrieved from JABATAN KESELAMATAN DAN
KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN: https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/ms/construction-safety-v/work-at-height

ISSUE Imperfect drainage system

P causes flooding
R
O December 1, 2020 @ 3:48pm
B
L Shah Alam: An imperfect drainage system in
E addition to the low position of the land compared
M to the surrounding areas is one of the causes of
Meru, Klang, especially Jalan Teratai being flooded
when it rains heavily.

Director of the Selangor Irrigation and Drainage
Department (JPS), Datuk Gapar Asan said, due to its

lower position, it caused water from higher areas
to flow down to the area and caused the
village and several residential areas there to
be flooded.

hassim, m. c. (2020, april 15). Kajian Permasalahan Pembinaan Sistem Saliran Yang
Menjadi Punca Kepada Mas"aTlhaihs Bisacnojiur pDlieKdawwiathsaannPuenrupmlaanhnaend. aRnedtrineovne-d
from management of technuonloifgoyr:m drainage system in terms of size and
https://publisher.uthm.educ.monys/tpreurcitoiodnicamls/aitnedreiaxl.sp, hcpa/urmsintbg/afrlotiocldei/nvgiewto/5
A5n3 imperfect drainage systoecmcuirnaandddmitaioknintgoitthdeiffliocwultptoosditriaoin ofuth. e
land compared to the surrounding areas is one of the causes of

JKKP. (2M02e2r,uS,EKPl1a8n)g. ,KeEsSpEeLAciMalAlyTAJNalaTnAPTAeKraBtIaNiAbKeEiRnJgAfDloI oTdEMedPwAThTeInNiGtGraI.ins

hReeatvrielyv.ed from JABATAN KE"STEhLeAMdrAaTinAaNgDe AsNysKtEeSmIHAinTAtNhePEKaEreRaJAAisN:not

https://www.dosh.gov.my/pinladnenxe.pdhpb/emcas/ucsoenstthreucatiroena-shaafestyb-ve/ewnourkn-daet-r

height development for decades, there are still plots

of land that have not been developed," he said

JOSHI, S. (2021, DES 02). Why Is Envwirhoennmceonntatal cEtnegdinbeyeBrienrgnaImmpaohrtearnettfoodraHyu. man

Health? Retrieved from CIVIL ENGINNERING DESIGN:

uhntptplasn:/n/wedwawn.dg2n.coonm-u/nariftoicrlems/dernaviinroangme seynstatel-mensgiinneteerrimngs of size and

construction materials cause flooding to occur and it is difficult
Mad Jaltio, Mdr.aFi.n(2o0u2t1. , jun 24). Persekitaran Bandar Dan Pendapat Politik: Kajian Kes

Di Kawasan Parlimen Kluang, Johor / Mohd Fuad Mat Jali & Junaidi Awang

Besar. Retrieved from university technology Mara:

https://melayu.library.uitm.edu.my/4364/

wikipedia. (2011, JANUARY 01). AKTA 133,AKTA JALAN,PARIT DAN BANGUNAN.
Retrieved from undang-undang Malaysia:
file:///C:/Users/AVITA/Downloads/Akta133y1974bm.pdf

The rapid development caused the drainage system in the area to
be unplanned

[9]

I MPAC T

1 Every year, flooding is a natural calamity that results in This chart shows the rate of loss that
affects society when there is a flood.
property destruction, environmental harm, fatalities, and According to Utusan Online (2016), the
other effects that have an impact on society's health. existing drainage system is not well
maintained and filled with leaves and
Flooding can be caused by issues such as drainage systems rubbish thus disrupting the flow of
that are blocked due to waste disposal, failure to maintain water to the main river will cause great
drainage systems and construction in terms of size and loss to the community in terms of
construction materials cause flooding to occur and it is property. This is because, a flood event
difficult to drain out. will bring a large quantity of water, if
the drainage system is not maintained
The drainage system has also had a bad effect on the properly, this will make the process of
quality of life. This is said to be due to the problem of running difficult flood water is drained
clogged drainage systems, poor maintenance and so on. to a nearby drainage system.

hassim, m. c. (2020, april 15). Kajian Permasalahan Pembinaan
Sistem Saliran Yang Menjadi Punca Kepada Masalah Banjir Di
Kawasan Perumahan. Retrieved from management of

2technology:

https://publisThehre.utihssmu.eesdui.nmyq/upeesrtioiodnicailnsc/ilnuddeex.pwhaps/tremtb/arti
cle/view/553 management and sewerage from the

development of drainage system
problems that will also cause water
pollution. This water pollution will
have a negative effect on society in
terms of health. For example, it is easy
to be exposed to diseases such as
dengue.

Mat Jali, M. F., & Awang Besar, J.
(2011). Persekitaran bandar dan
pendapat politik: Kajian kes di kawasan
eSenfefvceuicrrtositn.ymAiesmntoimsnhgpaorterhtdaeIBn(nmbPPuttyaeodrrltaaalinotiylrmialkeasseriD(ooenFtachsnIKBniieadel)luEteUSypaknenonhtrigbnsyuv,oesemsJicmurocpaschaiiuu)thlo,asnrFseaf.MaseHIkniaeawuttlSsluataaheraytnmaeeusussriI2dnlmq0ddoau1rirfunaa1sltithtiyec
and landscape are v(eUryNHimASp)o, rMtaanktatsosaern, sSuurlaewseasfieStyeliastaunn,der
control. In addition, if the authoIrnidtioenseasriae. not responsible
for providing services to the built facilities such as
cleaning the drainage system it will affect safety and
health. For example, if there is a flood, there will be an
unexpected tragedy.

JKKP. (2022, SEP 18). KESELAMATAN TAPAK BINAKERJA DI
TEMPAT TINGGI. Retrieved from JABATAN
KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN:
https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/ms/constructio
n-safety-v/work-at-height

[10]

DATA ANALYSIS

In Malaysia, floods and flash floods are common during the monsoon season, especially on the
East Coast of the Peninsula, according to Barzani Gasim et al. (2010). floods occur regularly as
a result of various development activities such as industry, urbanization, and population growth.

Among the problems that often arise in residential Comparison of the frequency of flood in
areas is that water does not flow systematically, the 2017/2018 and 2019/2020

drainage system is clogged, maintenance to the 40
drainage i.e. carrying out modifications to the
30
drainage system that does not follow the
specifications and does not follow the invert level 20

correctly and so on that causes flooding. 10

DRAIN SPECIFICATION 0

Gombak Hulu Klang Daerah Petaling

Langat Klang

2017/2018 2019/2020

BEFORE AFTER

A semi-circular drain U-shaped drain This is a bar chart that shows
the rate of flooding in
• This drain cannot hold • This drain can 2017/2018 where there are
various issues associated with
the capacity of a large accommodate more flooding due to the drainage
system and in 2019/2020 is the
amount of water. This water capacit compared year that improvements have
been made to the drainage
causes if in the event of to other types of drains. system.

a flood, the water The ability to increase

cannot flow properly flood water quickly can

and will cause it to be overcome. In terms of

occur water overflow construction, it uses a

in the area. As a result, concrete drain Concrete

the water run does not is the most commonly

flow well and will used building material.

causing flooding in the In its simplest form,

area. concrete is mixture of

paste and aggregate.

Mad Jali, M. F. (2021, jun 24). Persekitaran Bandar Dan Pendapat Politik: Kajian Kes Di Kawasan Parlimen Kluang, Johor / Mohd
Fuad Mat Jali & Junaidi Awang Besar. Retrieved from university technology Mara:
https://melayu.library.uitm.edu.my/4364/

[11]

LEGAL ACT

Section 17 of the Roads, Drains and Buildings (Amendment) Act 1993 [Act A867].
✓ Local authorities should build and maintain ditches and waterways systematically.
• In order to prevent the disturbance of the waterways, which will have an effect on society, the local

authority can order the construction, installation, and maintenance of surface water drains, heavy rain
drains, sewers, channels, and water channels. If necessary, the local authority can also ask the State
Authority to seize property in accordance with any applicable law.
✓ Local authorities can claim the cost of beautifying and making ditches etc.



To know the flow chart related to this issue ...spend some of your
time to scan this qr code.

WACTH IT
NOW

ON YOUR
SMARTPHONE!

[12]

IMPORTANCE

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

IN SOCIETY

nvironmental engineering has a profound impact on our day-to-day lives. It helps us get safe
drinking water, reduce water pollution, and facilitate proper waste disposal.

Water treatment and Everyone generates some quantity
purification is only one of waste every day. Environmental
field of study in the engineers recommend how
discipline of environmental government and private authorities
engineering, but there is manage this waste so that it does
another field that is not add to environmental
important for humans, pollution. They analyse the
which is solid waste generation of waste per capita for
management a sample population living in a
certain area and suggest methods

of collection, management and disposal of waste to avoid having an
impact on the community such as natural phenomena and pollution
that affect safety and health.

For instance, depending on their examination of the soil profile,
environmental engineers will recommend the optimum area to construct
a landfill. They can also suggest alternative garbage disposal methods
like incineration or incineration to prevent drainage system issues that
could interrupt rivers and result in flash floods.

JOSHI, S. (2021, DES 02). Why Is Environmental Engineering Important for Human Health? Retrieved from CIVIL ENGINNERING
DESIGN: https://www.g2.com/articles/environmental-engineering

[13]

TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING

“Transportation Engineering is concerned with the
application of scientific principles and the use of
technology to ensure that the movement of people

and transportation is done in a safe, fast,
comfortable, convenient, economical and

environmentally sustainable manner.”

A high-quality transport system is essential for the economic and social
development of our cities. Current challenges in transport include
increasing traffic congestion, longer commuting distances, ongoing road
safety problems, unregulated urban areas, limited access to public
transport, systemic neglect of the needs of pedestrians and cyclists, the
release of motor vehicles and related energy consumption concerns, and
inefficient movement of goods. This challenge creates a need for engineers
who are able to design and implement innovative solutions to address
transportation problems.

“Transportation engineers have the skills to plan, design, build,
operate and maintain roads, airports, port terminals, mass

transportation systems and railways, between facilities and other
systems.”

[14]

ISSUE A fatal accident at a highway
construction site worries KL residents

Oleh AMRAN MULUP Nine years ago, when Ooi Leong Seng bought his
20 February 2022, 4:33 pm dream house in Taman Bukit Manda'rina, Kuala
Lumpur, he envisioned a peaceful and quiet life.

But his peace was disturbed when he had just
bought it four years ago when a highway
development project began to be built 20m
from his house.

Zulkifli, A. M. (2021, mac 21). Kemalangan maut di tapak bina lebuh raya bimbangkan penduduk KL.
Retrieved from Malaysia Now: https://www.malaysianow.com/my/news/2021/03/26/kemalangan-maut-

di-tapak-bina-lebuh-raya-bimbangkan-penduduk-kl

• Highway construction that poses a danger to
local residents

• There have been cases of construction materials
falling on local people's property

• There was a fatal accident when the crane fell on
the worker and also injured the driver under it

• When the van they were riding in was hit by a
construction structure while they were traveling
on the Bandar Tasik Selatan MRR2 highway.
After being hit by a trailer.

[15]

IMPACT SOCIETY

Construction site can be categorized as a dangerous zone not only for the workers but
also for the public around or near the area. Average workers at the construction site
are exposed to danger or risk due to the height of the workplace, handled items,
electricity, motors, moving sharp objects, elevators, chemicals, dust, noise and
confined spaces. Most construction sites cannot fully separate safety between workers
and the public. Road construction sites for example most of the time need to allow
traffic to use the route. Among the impacts on society is:

Physical Effects on the Employees

The majority of the accident cost pertained to the loss, either temporary or permanent, of a trained employee. The
physical injuries that contributed to this loss include the following

• Retired due to permanent injury (arm, fingers)
• Loss of ability to handle materials
• Persistent headaches
• Persistent pain
These injuries result in a wide range of either part or full off time, ranging from a month to several years.
The equivalent salary for these losses adds a significant amount to operational overhead.

Psychological Effects

Workplace accidents can have psychological effects as well, including anxiety and depression, further reducing
productivity. In one study, anxiety affected more than half the injured employees, while depression afflicted more
than a quarter. The effects also impinged on after work activities with families and hobbies as well, further hurting
the employee’s perceptions of the workplace.

Employer-Employee Relationships

Although recovered employees maintained their relationships with colleagues and co-workers, studies show that
the employee-employer relationship can become strained. The amount of interaction is less, and the tone of the
relationship becomes more polarized. In many cases, if the employee was treated the same after the accident as
before, he or she began to develop resentment. Employers could counter this effect by instigating increased contact
post-accident, in order to mitigate negative feelings. This was important because studies uncovered that most
employees project their anger about the accident onto their employer.

George, B. (2014, april 28). How Do Workplace Accidents Affect Employers. Retrieved from BDG: https://www.brentgeorgelaw.com/how-do-workplace-

accide[n1ts6-]affect-employers/

ANALYSIS D A

Number of fatal accidents at This is a bar chart that shows the rate of accidents
work place that cause death in 2020 in each state where the
pie chart shows the cause of accidents and also
40 31 the rate of the number of workers in the country
DEATH TOLL from which Malaysia workers from Malaysia is
JHR30 23181014 the highest percentage
2
20 KL6613 95 65 66 55 55 32 31 30 13
10 SLR8
PP
SWK 00
PRK
0 MLK
NS
PHG
TRG
KDH
KLN
SBH
PRS
LAB

STATE
FOREIGN LOCAL

the cause of the accident

22.8 23.7

18.2 28.1
7.2

hit by a falling object people fall hit an object electric shock other

worker

2.9 2.1 33.6
7.1 5

21.4

27.9

Malaysia indonesia Bangladesh Myanmar nepal Pakistan other

[17]

LEGAL ACT

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT
1994

Responsibility for ensuring safety and health in the workplace by
looking at who creates risks and who works with risks

.Protecting working people and others from activities involving risk;- (public, visitors, P
etc.) U
R
.To establish occupational health and safety legislation Safety, health and P
with industry regulations and practices approved under welfare of working O
the provisions of the Act people; - (Employee) S
E
(not limited to acts & regulations) Of
The
.Maintain a safe and Safety, health and welfare of A
healthy workplace working people; - C
(Employee) T
environment

GENERAL OBLIGATIONS OF EMPLOYERS & SELF-EMPLOYED
PEOPLE

• Establish and maintain plant and work systems that are safe and minimize risks to
health

• Make arrangements about the measures to be taken in the storage, handling, storage
and transportation of plant and materials.

• Providing information, instructions, training and supervision on dangerous activities
• Maintain the workplace and provide safe exits and entrances.
• Providing and maintaining a safe and well-equipped workplace environment.

PENALTY ON VIOLATIONSECTION 15 -18

✓ Fine: Not exceeding RM 50,000.00
✓ Imprisonment: Not more than 2 years
✓ Or both

Rahman, I. D. (2021, feb 20). Tapak Selamat. Retrieved from Dosh.gov: https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/list-of-documents/osh-info/construction-safety/
buletin/2016-2/2258-bil-3-2016-accident-statistics/file

[18]

IMPORTANCE

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

IN SOCIETY

1.the evaluation and advancement in transportation facilities have been closely
linked with the development

2.The economic status of any country depends upon the how well served the
country is by different modes of transportation

3.For human need all the agricultural or industrial products need to transport at
various stages from production to distribution

4.Transportation is essential for strategic movement in emergency for defines of
the country and to maintain law and order

Shuvankar, M. (2018, nov 25). Transportation and highway engineering part 1. Retrieved from slideshare:
https://www.slideshare.net/shuva1991/transportation-and-highway-engineering-part-1

GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS AT WORK

✓ The Concept Of Safety And Health At Work
Since they are interrelated, worker safety and health are no longer seen as independent
components. Unsafe workplaces raise the possibility of accidents and injuries, which
unquestionably have an impact on health. The danger of an accident is also higher for
employees who are less healthy. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1994 is
a glaring example of the relevance and significance of these two components. The primary
goal of the legislation is to foster a safe and healthy work environment for all Malaysian
employees and employers.
Safety at work is concerned with the prevention of accidents, injuries or illnesses among
workers or other persons at work. In addition to preserving the lives and health of employees
who are the most important assets in an organization or company, accident prevention can
indirectly reduce the cost of treatment, compensation, loss of productivity, absenteeism,
property damage, future health services, disability and others. others.

[19]

1.Employer Responsibilities

• Provide an occupational safety and health policy which is a written
statement of the general policy on safety and health, organization,
arrangements, (plans, methods, training, etc.) safety and health measures in
the workplace.

• Employ or appoint a competent officer to act as a Safety and Health Officer
for a specific organization as stipulated in the Occupational Safety and
Health (Safety and Health Officer) Regulations 1997, or when directed by the
Director General, Occupational Safety and Health Department.

2.Employee responsibilities

• Employees must pay reasonable attention to keep themselves and others
safe while working.

• Employees must cooperate and obey the instructions of the employer or
other related persons.

• Employees must comply with instructions related to safety and health at
work.

• Employees must use personal protective equipment or clothing or any
equipment provided.

3.Control measures

✓ Doing HIRA (Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment)
• Identify hazards in the workplace.
• Assess the risk of each hazard.



To know the flow chart related to this issue ...lend some of your
time to scan this qr code.

WACTH IT

NOW

ON YOUR

SMARTPHONE!

JKKP. (2022, SEP 18). KESELAMATAN TAPAK BINAKERJA DI TEMPAT TINGGI. Retrieved from JABATAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN
PEKERJAAN: https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/ms/construction-safety-v/work-at-height

[20]

BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION

Building construction is connection of infrastructure in the field of
architecture and civil engineering. Large-scale construction requires
expertise and technology. A construction is usually led by a project leader
who will be assisted by a construction manager, architectural engineer,
construction engineer or architect. To ensure that construction runs
smoothly, effective planning is essential. The construction process covers
all activities carried out on the construction site to meet all the
requirements of the drawings and determinations contained in a
construction contract document. Most buildings built today use reinforced
concrete to build columns, beams and floors. While the walls to block each
other in the building use bricks or wooden boards. Construction of this
method is called numerical construction. This construction is used because
of the ability of reinforced concrete designed to bear the load at an
economical and strategic rate. Building construction starts from the
foundation followed by columns, beams, floor slabs and roof frames.

[21]

ISSUE Ruins of the Second P.Pinang Bridge
Construction Structure

Jun 8, 2013

The instability of the
supporting iron on the
construction structure of the
Penang Second Bridge is
believed to be the cause of
the collapse of the structure
in the late afternoon
yesterday

Sharif, A. (2013, June 7). Besi penyokong jambatan tak stabil dipercayai punca
runtuh. Retrieved from Astro AWANI Network Sdn. Bhd.:
https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/besipenyokong-jambatan-tak-
stabil-dipercayai-punca-runtuh-15820

PROBLEM

- The instability of the supporting iron -Difficulty in lifting concrete that has
on the Penang Second Bridge hit a vehicle.
construction structure is believed to be
the cause of the collapse of the
structure.

[22]

IMPACT
“SOCIETY”

-The failure of a bridge structure that loses its ability to Importance of
accommodate the load of a component causes the load balance to
be unstable. The impact caused an accident and the collapse of the Building Construction
construction section hit a car. Engineering

-The incident claimed the lives of 4 people who were believed to in Society
be riding in a car that passed under the structure.
• The construction of buildings fulfils
-The effect on the physical health of victims who suffered severe several needs of society mainly as
injuries due to being buried under concrete rubble is permanent protection from the weather,
injuries such as the loss of the victim's limbs. security, living space, privacy, to
store goods, and to live and work
-After an accident, psychological effects such as anxiety and comfortably. Building construction
depression have a significant impact on a person, which in turn can facilitate daily activities and
reduces a person's productivity. provide comfort in doing any activity
and daily work. In addition, the speed
-In one study, anxiety and depression were present in more than of new technology can be realized
half of injured workers. Therefore, work at the construction site with the construction of modern and
needs to focus on prevention principles, main risks and target up-to-date buildings.
groups to prevent any unwanted accidents from happening and
the monitoring of every part of the construction structure. • Building construction is an important
sector that contributes greatly to the
Mamat, B. B. (n.d.). Akta Keselamatan Dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan OSHA 1994. Retrieved from economic growth of a country. The
Construction Industry is an
Jabatan Keselamatan Dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan Selangor: Slot-2-Akta-Keselamatan- investment-led sector in which the
government has shown great interest.
KesihatanPekerjaan-1994.pdf [23] In the same hope, the government
made a contract with the
Construction Industry to develop
infrastructure related to health,
transport and the education sector.
As a result, various job opportunities
can be provided to the local
community and improve the standard
of living of the community.

DANALYSIS A T A

The number of death 10000 The number of death that occur on
constructions site

5000

0 2015 2016 2017 2018
2014

Jumlah Kematian

According to a review of the literature and data from SOCSO and JKKP, there are six key
industries—transportation and storage, construction, forestry, mining and mining, agriculture
and plantations, and manufacturing and manufacturing—where accidents occur often. The
majority of these industries demand a large workforce and include the usage of equipment that
may result in mishaps and the death of both workers and bystanders. This was followed by the
construction sector, which began to exhibit an upward trend in 2015. Accident cases in the
construction sector grew by 11% between 2017 and 2018, from 6 301 incidents to 7 338 cases.
One of the most hazardous sectors in the world is building due to economic development and
rapid development. Due to the high volume of structural construction activities, the quick
development of construction projects beginning in 2016 has raised the danger of occupational
accidents. The materials and equipment used during construction projects play a role in
accident incidents in the construction industry.

Ghopaa, W. A. (2021). Statistik Kemalangan Pekerjaan Melibatkan Jentera Berat di
Malaysia. Jurnal Kejuruteraan 33(3) 2021: 773-783, 779. Retrieved from
http://journalarticle.ukm.my/18782/1/35.pdf

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[24]

LEGAL ACT

SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT EMPLOYMENT 1994 [Act
514]

Safety, health and welfare Protect working people and
of people who is working. others from activities
which involves risk.
(Employee) (public, visitors, etc.)

Create a safe and healthy To hold safety legislation
workplace environment. and occupational health
(suitable to the employee's with rules and practices
physical and mental needs) industries approved under
the provisions of the Act

SECTION15 (1)

✓ Employers need to ensure, as far as is practical, the safety, health and welfare
of their employees.

SECTION 15(2)

✓ Procurement and maintenance of plant and work systems.
✓ make arrangements for the safety and health of the use, operation, handling,

storage and transportation of plant and materials.
✓ Provision of information, instructions, training and supervision.
✓ The provision and maintenance of the workplace with safe and risk-free means

of entry and exit.
✓ Provision and maintenance of a safe work environment without health risks

and sufficient welfare facilities.

✓ Responsibility to ensure safety and health at work by looking at who creates
the risk and who works with risk.

✓ Section 15(1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 provides for a
maximum fine of RM50,000 or imprisonment of up to two years or both for
parties found guilty of negligence and neglecting aspects of employee safety
resulting in accidents and deaths.

Mamat, B. B. (n.d.). Akta Keselamatan Dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan OSHA 1994. Retrieved from JabatanKeselamatan Dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan Selangor: Slot-2-

Akta-Keselamatan-K[e2s5ih]atanPekerjaan-1994.pdf

✓

WATER SUPPLY

AND

SANITARY
ENGINEERING

Water supply is a source or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including
reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines. It is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial
organizations, community endeavours or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and
pipes. Public water supply systems are crucial to properly functioning societies. These systems
are what supply drinking water to populations around the globe. Aspects of service quality
include continuity of supply, water quality and water pressure.

Sanitary engineering is a branch of civil engineering concerned primarily with the maintenance
of environmental conditions (as pure water supply, waste disposal, insect control, nuisance
abatement) conducive to public health

Sanitary engineering, also known as public health engineering or wastewater engineering, is the
application of engineering methods to improve sanitation of human communities, primarily by
providing the removal and disposal of human waste, and in addition to the supply of safe potable
water. It is also concerned with environmental factors that do not have an immediate and clearly
understood effect on public health. Areas outside the purview of sanitary engineering include
aesthetic concerns such as landscaping, and environmental conservation as it pertains to plants
and animals.

Skills within this field are usually employed for the primary goal of disease prevention within
human beings by assuring a supply of healthy drinking water, treatment of wastewater, and
removal of garbage from inhabited areas. Although sanitary engineering may be most associated
with the design of sewers, sewage treatment and wastewater treatment facilities, recycling
centres, public landfills and other things which are constructed, the term applies equally to a
plan of action to reverse the effects of water pollution or soil contamination in a specific area.

Definition of sanitary engineering. (n.d.). Dictionary by Merriam[-2W6e]bster: America's most-trusted online dictionary. https://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/sanitary%20engineering

Pollution happened again
in Sungai Kim Kim

Oleh MOHAMAD FAIZAL HASHIM 31 Julai 2021, 2:37 pm

JOHOR BAHRU: Sungai
Kim Kim, Pasir Gudang,
which is famous for previous
pollution incidents, once
again caused concern among
nearby residents when they
found black water and a foul
smell in yesterday's incident

HASHIM, M. F. (2021, July 31). Pencemaran berlaku lagi Di Sungai Kim Kim.
Utusan Malaysia. https://www.utusan.com.my/berita/2021/07/pencemaran-berlaku-
lagi-di-sungai-kim-kim/

P • Water pollution at Kim Kim River.

R
O • The river released toxic fumes

B
• Illegal dumping chemical waste

L

E • Health effects (stimulate the eyes and
respiratory tract)

M
[27]

I MPAC T

The majority of cities are swiftly becoming industrialized, which also increases the
production of hazardous waste materials. Regulations governing the final disposal of
hazardous materials and the management of hazardous waste have not been implemented
adequately, posing serious threats to the environment, ecology, and public health

Impact of society is:

Physical effects (human health)

• Poor management of hazardous waste can lead to environmental pollution,
injuries, and adverse health risks. Children’s exposure to hazardous waste may
cause serious acute and chronic health problems due to their higher vulnerability
to the toxic effects of chemicals.

• Some of the effect short- and long-term human health is:
➢ Breathing difficulties
➢ Vomiting
➢ Irritation of eye and throat

Cause to air pollution

• Most of the children experienced respiratory difficulty after being exposed to
toxic gases

…...IMPORTANCE OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY ENGINEERING…

To optimize and preserve To improve sanitation in To improve aspects of
water and air basins. communities, primarily quality, include
Sanitary engineering's by providing sanitation
advancement and process including the continuity of supply,
improvement makes a removal and disposal of water quality and water

substantial contribution human waste, and in pressure.
to the level of public addition to the supply of
service planning for
inhabited places. clean water.

[28]

Ibrahim, M. F., Hod, R., Toha, H. R., Mohamed Nawi, A., Idris, I. B., Mohd Yusoff, H., & Sahani, M. (2021). The Impacts of Illegal Toxic Waste Dumping on Children’s Health: A
Review and Case Study from Pasir Gudang, Malaysia. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/76f3/572072f3f7ef2410dffface62b9755e54411.pdf

ANALYSIS DATA

Figure 2.0 This case is located at Pasir Gudang, Figure 2.1. Chronology of chemical pollution in
Johor, Malaysia. Kim Kim River, Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia.

The incident of Kim Kim River pollution in March was
due to illegal dumping of scheduled waste in the river. The
chemical waste was brought into Pasir Gudang by a lorry
and dumped 2.43 tons from an unknown location and
dumped into the river on the night of 6 March 2019. The
dumping site is located 500 m away from Taman Pasir
Putih Primary School and Pasir Putih Secondary School.
The hazardous wastes have been identified as benzene,
acrolein, acrylonitrile, hydrogen chloride, methane,
toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and d-limonene. Exposure
to any of these chemicals may cause harmful health
effects.

Figure 2.2. Location of the dumping site and The illegal toxic waste dumping on 6 March 2019 in Pasir
school affected Gudang has caused public concern over the short- and
long-term health effects as it had affected more than 5000
people, mainly children, with breathing difficulties,
nausea, vomiting, and irritations to the eye and throat after
being exposed to toxic gases at their school. Most of the
children experienced respiratory difficulty after inhaling
the foul odor circulating within their school. A total of 111
schools were closed to protect the children from any
negative health effects.

Ibrahim, M. F., Hod, R., Toha, H. RCa.,sMe SothuadmyefrdoNmawPai,siAr.G, Iuddriasn, gI.,BM.,aMlaoyshida.Yhu[ts2top9fsf]:,/H/p.,d&fs.Ssaehmaanni,tMics.c(h2o0l2a1r.)o. rTgh/e76Imf3p/a5c7t2s0o7f2Ifll3efg7aelfT2o41xi0cdWfffaasctee6D2ubm97p5in5ge5o4n411.pdf
Children’s Health: A Review and

LEGAL ACT

Environmental Quality Act 1974
(Act 127).

• This paper analyses the legal provisions relating to river pollution, in particular the
Environmental Quality Act 1974 which is the parent Act in relation to the management
and conservation of the environment. The scope of discussion focuses on the pollution
caused by industrial factories. By using the method of interpretation of the statute, the
analysis deliberates on the relevant express provisions that are directly related to river
pollution The paper concludes by submitting proposals of improvement.

• Fined not exceeding RM500,000 or imprisonment not exceeding five years or both.

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Sanitary engineering. (2022, August 4). Wikipedi[a3, 0th]e free encyclopedia. Retrieved September 29, 2022,

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_engineering

GEOTECHNICAL
ENGINEERING

• What is geotechnical engineering?

The specialised field of civil engineering known as geotechnical engineering focuses on the behaviour
of earth materials and the use of soil and rock mechanics. For the purpose of designing foundations,
retaining walls, and earthworks, geotechnical engineers analyse the physical, mechanical, and
chemical characteristics of soil and rock.

New World Encyclopedia. (18 dec, 2008). Geotechnical engineering. Retrieved from new world encylopedia:
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Geotechnical_engineering#:~:text=Modern%20geotechnical
%20engineering%20began%20in,beneath%20dams%2%200was%20considered%20groundbreaking.

H Humans have historically used soil as a material for flood control, irrigation purposes,
burial sites, building foundations, and as construction material for buildings. First

I activities were linked to irrigation and flood control, as demonstrated by traces of
S dykes, dams, and canals dating back to at least 2000 B.C.E. that were found in ancient

Egypt, ancient Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent, as well as around the early

T settlements of Mohenjo Daro and Arappa in the Indus valley. As the cities expanded,
structures were erected supported by formalized foundations; Ancient Greeks notably

O constructed pad footings and strip-and-raft foundations. Until the eighteenth century,
however, no theoretical basis for soil design had been developed and the discipline

R was more of an art than a science, relying on past experience
Y

[31]

ISSUE The Collapse of Highland
Tower

The monsoon season in Malaysia
which is November and
December brings extreme heavy
rain every year and can cause
floods, flash floods and
landslides. Block 1 of Highland
Towers collapsed after 10
consecutive days of rain caused a
landslide after the retaining wall
of the condominium's parking lot
collapsed.
https://norulainmutalib.wordpress.com/punca-tanah-runtuh/

Highland Towers collapsed after 10 consecutive days of
rain caused a landslide.

Abnormal water levels cause the level of soil moisture.

No plants to cover the ground cause the weak of strength
of soil.

Geological conditions and unstable soil types also
encourage landslides.

Architect with no license for build a building exceed 300
square meter.

[32]

IMPACT
“SOCIETY”

Architect, does not have the qualifications to LEGAL ACT
draw up a plan for a 12-storey building. He
stated that the plan draftsman only has the Section 11 license. Environmental
qualification to draft building plans not Nature Quality Act 1974 ACT 127
exceeding 300 square meters or 3,000 square
feet or not exceeding two floors. The • The license must be applied for and paid to
construction of Highland Towers has also the director general by filling in a form and
violated the Land Conservation Act and obtaining qualifications from the director
Environmental Quality Act because it exceeds general
the 18-degree slope in the hillside area which
is an environmentally sensitive area. Its cost • To guarantee the safety of development,
life of human that live and live nearby of the users and people around. The building must
accident and also injury. People also will be be drawn and built by a certified and licensed
scare to live in a building nearby of slope and engineer in order to reduce the risk of
hilly places. building damage/collapse

undang undang malaysia. (12 feb, 2018). akta kualiti
alam sekeliling. Retrieved from undang undang
malaysia:
https://www.kasa.gov.my/resources/alam-
sekitar/akta/Akta_Kualiti_Alam_Sekeliling_197
4_ACT_127.pdf

[33]

ANALYSIS DATA

Block 1 of Abnormal water When there are Geological
Highland Towers levels cause the no plants to cover conditions and
collapsed after 10 the ground, water unstable soil types
consecutive days level of soil will seep into the also encourage
of rain caused a moisture, the
landslide after the strength of the ground and landslides.
retaining wall of soil structure, the become a Geologist from
balance of fluid lubricant for
the content in the soil. landslides and universiti
condominium's buildings on it. kebangsaan
malaysia (UKM),
parking lot prof dr ibrahim
collapsed. komoo stated that
the soil is not
strong rock but
soil mixed with

sand.

1. Wong Tin Sang, does not have the qualifications to draw up a plan for a 12-storey
building. He stated that the plan draftsman only has the qualification to draft
building plans not exceeding 300 square meters or 3,000 square feet or not
exceeding two floors. The construction of Highland Towers has also violated the
Land Conservation Act and Environmental Quality Act because it exceeds the 18-
degree slope in the hillside area which is an environmentally sensitive area.

mutalib, n. a. (19 jan, 2007). HIGHLAND TOWER (k[e3n4a] ngan Pahit Masyarakat). Retrieved from wordpress:
https://norulainmutalib.wordpress.com/?s=

IMPORTANCE GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
IN SOCIETY

In order to assist avoid problems before they arise, geotechnical engineering is crucial. Buildings may
sustain considerable damage from earthquakes, slope instability shifting, continuous settlement, or other
factors if advanced calculations and testing are not performed by a Geotech.

A geotechnical engineer may advise you on water mitigation, building placement, and how adjacent
buildings like sidewalks and parking lots can affect your project in addition to making sure your
construction plans are practical. In the end, the planning and risk mitigation related to the project's
development and long-term investment are what geotechnical engineering is important for.

This will effect of the building or construction on the land that their build, because majority of the building
will be used to civil people. To ensure human and user life, the building must be safe. And to ensure
building safe, the geography of the land must be safe to use and strong to build a building. This also will
affect to surrounding people that live near or at the rear of the hazard building.

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[35]
centralgeotech.admin. (16 may, 2022). Why is Geotechnical Engineering Important? Retrieved from central geothenical service:

ps://centralgeotech.com/uncategorized/geotechnical-
engineeringimportant/#:~:text=Geotechnical%20engineering%20is%20important%20because,ongoing%20settlement%2C

CONCLUSION

Engineering as a profession is a major player in the twenty-first century. Engineering is a unique
profession, and it has been changing the face of the earth to good. The world is upgrading and seeing
clearly because of the importance of engineering profession in our society. In this piece of write-up
or essay, the author detailed out the importance of engineering as it relates to agricultural, banking,
automobile, educational, marketing, and health sectors. In this assessment, we more focus on safety
and health awareness upon society.

As a conclusion, we can conclude that engineering is importance to society through safety and health
awareness. Based on our assessment, we can identify the safety and health elements in handling the
societal issues with real example that occurs in the community area via to the relevant statutory and
legal requirement in selected sub-topic, which is Building Construction, Geotechnical Engineering,
Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Transportation
Engineering.

Building construction is connection of infrastructure in the field of architecture and civil engineering.
Large-scale construction requires expertise and technology. A construction is usually led by a project
leader who will be assisted by a construction manager, architectural engineer, construction engineer
or architect. To ensure that construction runs smoothly, effective planning is essential. The
construction process covers all activities carried out on the construction site to meet all the
requirements of the drawings and determinations contained in a construction contract document. The
issue that been choose, based on building construction is located at Penang Second Bridge, Penang.
The instability of the supporting iron on the Penang Second Bridge construction structure is believed
to be the cause of the collapse of the structure. The impact from incident of Penang Second Bridge
construction was effect on the physical health of victims who suffered severe injuries due to being
buried under concrete rubble is permanent injuries such as the loss of the victim's limbs. The
construction of buildings fulfils several needs of society mainly as protection from the weather,
security, living space, privacy, to store goods, and to live and work comfortably. Building
construction can facilitate daily activities and provide comfort in doing any activity and daily work.
In addition, the speed of new technology can be realized with the construction of modern and up-to-
date buildings. Malaysia has enacted an act SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT EMPLOYMENT 1994
[Act 514]. The purpose of the act is to protect working people and others from activities which
involves risk. (Public, visitors, etc.)

Geotechnical Engineering, the specialized field of civil engineering known as geotechnical
engineering focuses on the behavior of earth materials and the use of soil and rock mechanics. The
purpose of designing foundations, retaining walls, and earthworks, geotechnical engineers analyze
the physical, mechanical, and chemical characteristics of soil and rock. While for the issue is located
at Highland Tower, Bukit Antarabangsa, Ampang, Selangor. Block 1 of Highland Towers collapsed
after 10 consecutive days of rain caused a landslide after the retaining wall of the condominium's
parking lot collapsed. The abnormal water levels cause the level of soil moisture, the strength of the
soil structure, the balance of fluid content in the soil. From the impact, it costs lives of those who
live in close proximity to accidents and injuries. People will also be hesitant to live in a structure
close to an incline or a hill. In this case, ENVIRONMENTAL NATURE QUALITY ACT 1974 ACT
127 is involved due to legal requirement.

[36]

For another sub-topic which is Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering, is a branch of civil
engineering concerned primarily with the maintenance of environmental conditions (as pure water
supply, waste disposal, insect control, nuisance abatement) conducive to public health. In this sub-
topic, the issue is about river pollution that occur at Kim Kim River, Pasir Gudang, Johor. The
incident of Kim Kim River pollution was due to illegal dumping of scheduled waste in the river. The
chemical waste was brought into Kim Kim River by a lorry and dumped 2.43 tons from an unknown
location and dumped into the river. The impact of illegal toxic waste dumping in Pasir Gudang has
caused public concern about human health over the short- and long-term health effects as it had
affected more than 5000 people. Through this case, ENVIRONMENTAL NATURE QUALITY
ACT 1974 ACT 127 is also involved due to scope of discussion focuses on the pollution caused by
industrial factories. While the importance of this sub-topic to society is to improve sanitation in
communities, primarily by providing sanitation process including the removal and disposal of human
waste, and in addition to the supply of clean water.

Environmental Engineering is focuses on the improvement and maintenance of natural ecosystems
to improve the quality of life. The real example that relates to this sub-topic issue that is often debated
is flooding due to the drainage system that is built not following the set standards. The case is located
at Meru Klang, Shah Alam, Selangor. This has had an impact on the community such as losses, from
the safety aspect if there is a large flood the lives of the community are also affected, and their health
is also affected. The importance of this civil engineering is to ensure that the environment is in a
state without having a negative impact on its users. Therefore, the relevant parties must implement
the construction according to the correct legal act such as Section 17 of the Roads, Drains and
Buildings (Amendment) Act 1993 [Act A867].

Finally, another branch of civil engineering which is Transportation Engineering. It refers to the
application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation, and
management of facilities for any mode of transportation to provide safe, efficient, fast, comfortable,
convenient, economic, and environmental. compatible movement of people and transportation of
goods. Transport engineering involves other forms of transport or any activity to build the location
of transport there such as roads, highways, and others. Among the issues that often become a problem
is the construction of highways that do not have systematic guidelines. In this transport engineering,
it clearly affects many aspects including the impact on society, one of the effects that can be clearly
taken is the impact on psychology, which is stress and anxiety among the people involved in this
issue. Transportation engineering has its own importance as an example of transportation is
important for strategic movement in emergencies for national defense and to maintain a low and
orderly situation. Without transportation engineering to some extent affect the country's own system

[37]

C worker safety and health are no longer considered separate elements as they are
I closely related to each other. Workplaces that are not safe increase the risk of
T accidents and injuries that certainly affect health. At the same time, workers who
A are less healthy are more at risk of having an accident. The existence of the
T Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1994 clearly shows the relevance
I and importance of these two elements. The main aim of the act is to create a safe
O and healthy work culture among all employees and employers in Malaysia.
N
Since they are interrelated, worker safety and health are no longer seen as
independent components. Unsafe workplaces raise the possibility of accidents and
injuries, which unquestionably have an impact on health. The danger of an accident
is also higher for employees who are less healthy. The Occupational Safety and
Health Act (OSHA) of 1994 is a glaring example of the relevance and significance
of these two components. The primary goal of the legislation is to foster a safe and
healthy work environment for all Malaysian employees and employers.
https://www.moh.gov.my/moh/resources/Penerbitan/Rujukan/NCD/Kesihatan%2
0Pekerja%20&%20Alam%20Sekitar/Garispanduan_Pencegahan_Kemalangan_Di
tempat_Kerja.pdf
AMZAR HAKIM

Most cities in those nations are rapidly industrializing, leading to a greater
generation of hazardous waste. There are inadequacies in the implementation of
regulations related to hazardous waste treatment and final disposal of hazardous
materials, which have posed significant risks to the environment, ecology, and
human health.

The majority of cities are swiftly becoming industrialized, which also increases the
production of hazardous waste materials. Regulations governing the final disposal
of hazardous materials and the management of hazardous waste have not been
implemented adequately, posing serious threats to the environment, ecology, and
public health.

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/76f3/572072f3f7ef2410dffface62b9755e54411.p
df

AHMAD HAZIQ FIKRI

[38]

Construction is an important sector that contributes greatly in the economic growth
of a nation. The Construction Industry is an investment-led sector where
government shows high interest. Government contracts with Construction Industry
to develop infrastructure related to health, transport as well as education sector. For
prosperity of any nation, Construction Industry is quintessential.

• An essential industry that makes a significant contribution to a nation's economic
development is building construction. The government has expressed a lot of
interest in the investment-driven construction industry. To build infrastructure for
the health, transportation, and educational sectors, the government entered into a
contract with the construction industry. The local community can then be offered a
variety of work options, raising their standard of living in the process.

https://www.hhilifting.com/importance-of-construction-industry-in-the-economy-and-
use-of-construction-equipments/

MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ

Geotechnical engineering is the specialist branch of civil engineering concerned
with the behaviour of earth materials and the application of soil and rock mechanics.
Geotechnical engineers determine the physical, mechanical and chemical properties
of soil and rock to design foundations, retaining structures and earthworks.

The specialised field of civil engineering known as geotechnical engineering
focuses on the behaviour of earth materials and the use of soil and rock mechanics.
For the purpose of designing foundations, retaining walls, and earthworks,
geotechnical engineers analyse the physical, mechanical, and chemical
characteristics of soil and rock.

What is geotechnical engineering? - RSA Geotechnics (rsa-geotechnics.co.uk)

MUHAMMAD SHAHIRAN

Environmental engineering is a discipline that focuses on improving and
maintaining nature’s ecosystems to enhance the quality of life. It provides
engineering solutions to address environmental issues and enrich all environmental
aspects related to living organisms’ well-being.

The goal of environmental engineering is to maintain and improve the ecosystems
of nature in order to improve human well-being. It offers engineering solutions to
deal with environmental problems and improve every area of the environment
connected to the health of living

JOSHI, S. (2021, DES 02). Why Is Environmental Engineering Important for
Human Health? Retrieved from CIVIL ENGINNERING DESIGN:
https://www.g2.com/articles/environmental-engineering

SYASYA NURBALQIS

[39]

REFERENCE

hassim, m. c. (2020, april 15). Kajian Permasalahan Pembinaan Sistem Saliran Yang Menjadi Punca
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[41]

D. RUBRIC (attach with softcopy report at the last)
CLO 1: Discuss the roles of engineering in society and the duties of maint
PLO 6: Demonstrate knowledge of the societal, health, safety, legal and c
technician practice and solutions

to well-defined engineering problems (DK7)

[4

taining health and safety in the workplace
cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to engineering

42]