INTERACTIVE REPORT ARC SITE PRACTICE

CONSTRUCTION ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 48
WORK ODDER

When submitting or receiving a work
order, you should save this document
as you may need to reference it later in
the project. The maintenance of these
projects ensures that a project stays on
task and work is completed properly
and on time. Work orders most
commonly include client and
contractor information, order
numbers, expected completion date,
and authorizing signatures.

CONSTRUCTION
INSURANCE
COVERAGE

Insurance—specifically liability

insurance—is something every

contractor should submit before

beginning a construction project. By

keeping documentation of your

insurance, you will avoid legal issues,

protect your employees, and avoid

being charged for accidental worksite ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 49

damage

SCOPE OF ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 50
WORK (SOW)

Having a clearly defined scope of the
work involved for a project is helpful
during the bidding process and later on
during the construction sequence.

The Scope of Work document,
sometimes known as the Statement of
Work, should enumerate all of the
work to be done, who is responsible for
the work, how the work should be
performed (techniques used), and what
materials will be used. This is the
document that will detail how change
orders are handled.

CSI ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 51
MASTERFORMAT

OUTLINE

The technical requirement to
complete, execute and/or perform
every little task or material being
incorporated in the construction
projects. It will add intelligence to the
construction drawings; specify
common standards, deviations
accepted, materials accepted and the
required testing for all materials.
Usually, specifications are made by
referencing construction standards
and codes.

GENERAL ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 52
CONDITIONS

The general conditions document
states the obligations each contractor
will have throughout the construction
project. These conditions most
commonly include the paying party,
determining when payments will be
made, sourcing policies, where work
will be performed, and deadlines.
While not required, this document
should also include details regarding
how potential disputes should be
resolved.

SPECIAL ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 53
CONDITIONS

Special conditions are one of the few
documents included in this list that
may not be necessary. However, if you
do choose to utilize special conditions,
they would be included as an extension
in the general conditions section.

PROJECT
HEALTH AND
SAFETY PLAN

The Construction Stage Health and Safety Plan is the main document for management of
health and safety on site. It should be prepared before construction work starts. However, it is
a live and dynamic document that will change and grow during the project and should be
reviewed and updated on a regular basis

The Project Health and Safety Plan is a document developed to secure the health, safety
and welfare of persons who will work or visit the site.
It was also developed to control the emission of toxic substances into the atmosphere and
control the keeping and use of substances that might be hazardous to health. An outline of
the Project Health and Safety Plan is delineated in the appendix.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 54

SCHEDULE OF
VALUES

A schedule of values is provided by a contractor and lists all the work items from start to finish.
It will allocate the entire contract sum among the various portions of the work. The schedule of
values is also a useful management tool to form the basis for submitting and reviewing progress
payments. This document can help keep the cash flowing and bills paid on time.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 55

TOPIC 3: SITE
PREPARATION

IDENTIFY THE SITE
BOUNDARIES AND SITE
PAGING, (OGL) ORIGINAL
GROUND LEVEL, SITE
CLEARING, EARTHWORK,
LEVELLING, CUT AND
FILL

SITE
BOUNDARIES

Site boundaries: You need to define boundaries
physically, where necessary, by suitable fencing.
The type of fencing should reflect the nature of the
site and its surroundings.

Determining the boundary is an important aspect of
managing public risk. You need to plan what form
the perimeter will take provide the fencing and
maintain the fencing.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 58

SITE PAGING

SA paging system allows for one-way communication to a large audience. Regardless of the
broadcast source, a one-way paging system lets the speaker provide clear, amplified
instructions throughout a facility. The paging employee speaks a message into a telephone and
that message is then broadcast through a network of speakers. Messages can also be recorded
and broadcast at a later time

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 59

ORIGINAL
GROUND LEVEL

(OGL)

The meaning of OGL is Obscure Glass and other meanings are located at the bottom which take
place within Construction terminology and OGL has 1 different meaning. All meanings which
belong to OGL abbreviation are take part only within Construction terminology and other
meanings are not found. If you want to see other meanings, please click the OGL meaning link.
Thus, you will be directed to page which indicates all meanings of OGL. Unless there are 1
different meanings OGL abbreviation at the bottom, please search again by typing question
structures such as “what does OGL mean in Construction, the meaning of OGL in Construction”.
Besides, you can search by typing OGL in the search box which is found our website.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 60

SITE The process of site clearance is generally
CLEARING undertaken as part of enabling works, carried
out to prepare a site for construction. It
involves the clearing the site to allow other
remedial, treatment or demolition works to
take place before the actual construction
works can begin. It involves clearing a site of
any machinery or equipment, unwanted
surplus materials, rubbish, and so on.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 61

EARTHWORKS Earthwork: the processes
whereby the surface of the
earth is excavated and
transported to and compacted
at another location. The
introduction of the internal
combustion engine, electric
power and hydraulic power have
led to the development of a wide
range of earthwork plant (size,
capacity and efficiency).

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 62

LEVELLING

In surveying, levelling is a process of determining the height of one point (or level) relative to
another. It is used in surveying to establish the elevation of a point relative to a datum, or to
establish a point at a given elevation relative to a datum. There are several different surveying
instruments that can be used, all of which are loosely referred to as ‘levels’, for example, a spirit
level.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 63

CUT
AND
FILL

In earthmoving, cut and fill is the process of constructing a railway, road or canal whereby the
amount of material from cuts roughly matches the amount of fill needed to make nearby
embankments, so minimizing the amount of construction labor. Cut slopes are rarely created
greater than a slope of two to one (horizontal to vertical dimensions)

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 64

DISCUSS SITE CLEARING,
EARTHWORK,
LEVELLING, CUT AND
FILL

SITE
CLEARING

ite clearance may also involve clearing away vegetation and surface soil, and levelling and
preparing the ground for the planned construction works. Care should be taken to ensure that
there are the correct approvals in place, particularly for trees which may be protected.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 66

EARTHWORKS

The scale of earthwork is ranges from small works (the excavation of ditches and trenches for
drainage and pits and trenches for foundations) to the large earthworks (highways and dams).
Carried out at an early stage in a construction project, completion of the earthworks within
the scheduled time is often the key to the completion on time of the whole project success often
depends on an adequate site investigation and preparing practical and satisfactory designs of
the earthworks.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 67

LEVELLING

The term is also used in relation to ground preparation and excavation, i.e. ‘level an area’. This
means that the ground is made flat and of an even grade. This is important if works are to be
carried out on uneven or sloping ground. In this context, the terms ‘level’ and ‘flat’ can be
interchangeable, however, in other contexts they should be distinguished from one another. For
example, when laying floor tiles; a level surface needs to be parallel to its perfectly horizontal
plane, whereas a flat surface is one that does not have significant high or low spots.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 68

CUT ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 69
AND
FILL

Cut sections of roadway or rail are characterized by the roadway being lower in elevation than
the surrounding terrain. From an operational standpoint there are unique environmental
effects associated with cut sections of roadway. For example, air pollutants can concentrate in
the ‘'valleys'‘ created by the cut section. Conversely, noise pollution is mitigated by cut sections
since an effective blockage of line of sight sound propagation is created by the depressed
roadway design. Fill sections manifest as elevated sections of a roadway or trackbed.
Environmental effects of fill sections are typically favorable with respect to air pollution
dispersal, but in respect to sound propagation, exposure of nearby residents is generally
increased, since sound walls and other forms of sound path blockage are less effective in this
geometry. There are a variety of reasons for creating fills, among them reduction of grade along
a route or elevation of the route above water, swampy ground, or areas where snow drifts
frequently collect. Fills can also be used to cover tree stumps, rocks, or unstable soil, in which
case material with a higher bearing capacity is placed on top of the obstacle in order to carry the
weight of the roadway or railway and reduce differential settlement.

EXPLAIN THE
CONSIDERATION FOR
LOCATION OF
FACILITIES AND
INFRASTRUCTURE ON
SITE LAYOUT

ACCESS
ROAD

On construction projects, temporary access roads are frequently
required. They allow big construction vehicles to access the site
and transport supplies and equipment needed to complete the
project. The granular fill, also known as aggregate, serves as the
road's surface.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 71

MAIN
ENTRANCE

GATE

The entryway of a building plays a significant function in providing
activity for the street and establishing the structure's personality.
The entrance should be designed in such a way that visitors and
residents may easily navigate to and around the facility.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 72

GAURD
HOUSE

A guardhouse (also called a watch house, guard building, guard
booth, guard shack, security booth, security building, or sentry
building) is a structure that houses security personnel and
equipment. Guardhouses used to be dormitories for sentries or
guards, as well as areas where sentries who weren't assigned to
sentry posts could wait "on call," but they're now mostly staffed
by a private security firm.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 73

SITE
OFFICE

Office facilities are typically required on construction sites to
house site managers, offer meeting space, and store site
documentation. Even if they are huge and well-equipped, site
offices are frequently referred to as "site huts."

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 74

SITE STORAGE
AND

MATERIALS

Each site will bring its own set of issues, thus the location and size
of space to be allotted should be carefully studied as part of an
overall site layout plan. Congestion or having more materials on
site than storage space allowed might occur if storage space is not
properly planned for.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 75

WORKERS ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 76
QUATERS

Workers can use the Centralized Labour Quarter (CLQ) to
improve workplace safety. Our CLQ deal a fully equipped
complex with gated and secured lodging that includes For the
safety and comfort of the workers, contemporary
conveniences are provided. Our CLQ also meets current CIDB
requirements and is IBS compliant.

We are introducing a new setup in CLQ to have Isolation
wards, ICU wards, and many more important cabins to protect
worker safety in the wake of the current c0r0na virus
outbreak.

TOILETS & ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 77
EATERY

➢Flushing toilets – provide these where possible. Connect
them to mains water and drainage
systems where available. Otherwise, use toilets with a built-
in water supply and drainage tanks.

➢Chemical toilets – portable chemical toilets (also known as
plastics) are acceptable where you cannot provide flushing
toilets. They may be the only achievable way of providing
toilet facilities at the start and / or end of some projects. They
are more common on temporary and smaller sites or in
addition to permanent facilities on more remote parts of
larger sites.

HOARDING ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 78
AND

SIGNBOARD

A hoarding is a temporary boards fence placed in a public
space, generally surrounding a construction site. These are
used to shield the public from construction sites while
simultaneously displaying advertisements.
Construction sites must be clearly marked to protect workers
from dangers and to keep passers-by out of restricted zones.
People should wear appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE), obtain authority to enter specified areas, or
check in at a main office when they arrive at a building site,
according to common safety signs.
PVC, metal, and adhesive-backed vinyl are among the five
materials available for signs.
Choose the material that is best suited to the atmosphere of
your facility. We have a variety of message possibilities, such
as a "Work Zone" sign or a "Men at Work" sign.

INFRASTRUCT ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 79
URE ON SITE
PREPARATION

It is critical to appreciate the strong relationship between
design and construction while planning buildings. These
procedures should be considered as part of a larger system.
Design, in general, is the process of developing a description
of a new facility, which is usually represented by precise plans
and specifications; construction planning, on the other hand,
is the process of defining the activities and resources
required to turn the design into a physical reality.
As a result, construction is defined as the execution of a
design created by architects and engineers.
Numerous operational tasks must be completed in both
design and construction, with a variety of priority and other
linkages among the various tasks.

TOPIC 4: SITE
SUPERVISION

INTERIM CERTIFICATE
AND PROGRESS
PAYMENT

DEFINITION

In construction projects payments to a contractor are made
through invoices (Interim payments) including all relevant details
about the quantities executed and the sums of money to be
earned. Each invoice has a certificate which is typically a summary
page showing the previous, current and total earnings in addition
to deductions or discounts.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 82

WHAT IS
PAYMENT TO
CONTRACTOR

& INTERIM
CERTIFICATE?

Contractors rely on interim payment certificates to provide the
essential cash-flow for their projects. A contract would ordinarily
stipulate the interval in which progress claims are made,
certificates are issued, and payments made on those certificates.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 83

INTERIM ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 84
CERTIFICATE

The most important aspect of these decision-making powers relates to the issue of
certificates. In construction industry, there are three main types of certificates found in
construction contracts, namely interim certificates, final certificates and certificates
recording an event. However this study only focuses on the issue relating to the interim
payment and interim certificates. Interim certificates exist simply as a mechanism for
confirming that an installment of the consideration is due to the contractor. Whichever
method is used to calculate the amount of money due, an interim certificate is not conclusive
about anything. It says nothing about quality of materials or workmanship, nor does it
indicate satisfaction with the work done to date. Interim certificates exist simply as a
mechanism for confirming that an installment of the consideration is due to the contractor.
Whichever method is used to calculate the amount of money due, an interim certificate is not
conclusive about anything. It says nothing about quality of materials or workmanship, nor
does it indicate satisfaction with the work done to date Interim certificates are certifications
of payments made in accordance with a time able in the contract. In essence, the certification
is a statement by the architect or engineer that during the period covered by the certificate,
the contractor has carried out and supplied materials up to the value shown in the certificate,
as well as the nets amount which the contractor is entitled to be paid, after allowing for the
adjustments permitted by the terms of the contract. There certifications are never intended
to be a precise determination of the value of the works

INTERIM ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 85
PROGRESS
PAYMENT

In Malaysia, the standard forms of contract had provided
clauses for the payment application and certification. The
related payment clauses in respect of the various conditions
of contract in use in Malaysia are as the following.
In PAM 2006 Sub- Clause 30.1, requires the Contractor to
submit sufficient details or particulars to the Architect for him
to value and ascertain the works (including materials and
goods on site) and issue interim certificate for Contractor's
entitlement to payment. The materials and goods on site shall
be reasonably, properly and not prematurely delivered with
adequate protection against weather or any other casualties.

WHO
PREPARES
INTERIM
PAYMENT
CERTIFICATE?

The Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act
stipulates that interim or stage payments are due to any party
to a construction contract that has a duration of more than 45
days. Therefore, almost all constructions contain provisions
for interim payments.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 86

HOW OFTEN
ARE INTERIM
CERTIFICATES

ISSUED?

Certificates generally result in payment being made by the client
to the contractor. These certificates can either be issued regularly
during the course of the works, such as interim certificates
(normally issued monthly), or may signify that a particular stage
has been achieved, such as practical completion.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 87

WHAT IS
INTERIM
CERTIFICATE
MALAYSIA?

Interim certificates provide a mechanism for the client to make
payments to the contractor before the works are complete. The
Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act, states that a
party to a construction contract in excess of 45 days is entitled to
interim or stage payments.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 88

WHAT IS
INTERIM
PAYMENT IN
MALAYSIA?

Osborn's Concise Law Dictionary defined Interim
payment as: “A payment on account of any damages, debt
or other sum (excluding cost) which the employer may be
held liable to pay to or for the benefit of the contractor.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 89

HOW ARE
INTERIM
PAYMENTS
CALCULATED?

The interim valuation is for all work completed, not for the work
completed in that period. This means that the certified interim
payment is calculated by subtracting the previous valuation from
the current valuation, less any deductions.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 90

CERTIFICATE OF
PRACTICAL
COMPLETION

INTRODUCTION ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 92

The RIBA Plan of Work 2013 suggests that: 'Practical Completion is a contractual term
used in the Building Contract to signify the date on which a project is handed over to the
client. The date triggers a number of contractual mechanisms.
Practical completion is referred to as 'substantial completion' on some forms of contract,
particularly in the United States.
The contract administrator certifies practical completion when all the works described in
the contract have been carried out. Certifying practical completion has the effect of:
1.Releasing half of the retention (an amount retained from payments due to the contractor to
ensure they complete the works).
2.Ending the contractor's liability for liquidated damages (damages that become payable to
the client in the event that there is a breach of contract by the contractor - generally by
failing to complete the works by the completion date).
3.Signifying the beginning of the defects liability period.
Documentation that should be issued to the client on certification of practical completion
might include: Practical completion is referred to as 'substantial completion' on some forms
of contract, particularly in the United States.
4.A draft building owner's manual.
5.A building user's guide.
6.The health and safety file.
7.The building log book.
8.A construction stage report.
Once the certificate of practical completion has been issued, the client takes possession of
the works for occupation.
There is no absolute definition of practical completion and case law is very complex. There
is some debate about when practical completion can be certified and whether it can be
certified where there are very minor (de minimis) items 'not affecting beneficial occupancy'
that remain incomplete. A draft building owner's manual.

INTRODUCTION ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 93

It is important to note however, that the defects liability period, which follows certification
of practical completion, is not a chance to correct problems apparent at practical
completion, it is the period during which the contractor may be recalled to rectify defects
which appear following practical completion. If there are defects apparent before practical
completion, then these should be rectified before a certificate of practical completion is
issued.
This can put the contract administrator in a difficult position, as both the contractor and the
client may be keen to issue the certificate (so the building can be handed over), and yet
defects (more than a de minimis) are still apparent in the works. Issuing the certificate could
render the contract administrator liable for problems that this causes, for example in the
Calculation of liquidated damages,
The position in relation to performance bonds
The release of retention when it is not certain that the works will be completed.
On construction management contracts, a separate certificate of practical completion must
be issued for each trade contract. Once all trade contracts (or all trade contracts for a
particular section of the works) have been issued, the construction manager issues a
certificate or project completion (or sectional completion). The same is true on
management contracts, where each works contract must be certified individually.
Practical completion is not a term recognized in some recently developed contracts such as
PPC 2000 and other partnering contracts which simply refer to 'completion'. This can put
the contract administrator in a difficult position as to when the project becomes 'useable'
by the client.
If practical completion is not certified by the most recently agreed completion date, then
the contractor may be liable to pay liquidated and ascertained damages to the client. These
are pre-determined damages set at the time that the contract is entered into, based on a
calculation of the actual loss that the client is likely to incur if the contractor fails to meet
the completion date. Some contracts require that a certificate of non-completion is issued
as a pre-requisite to deducting liquidated and ascertained damages.

WHY IT IS SO ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 94
IMPORTANT?

Practical completion of a project is of huge commercial and legal importance. The date of
practical completion (usually stated in a practical completion certificate) is the date on
which the operational period of a project will start.
It also has a number of contractual and legal implications:
It ends any right to liquidated damages in respect of a delay to the works;
The employer must pay a percentage of any retention monies (usually 50%) to the
contractor; The health and safety file.
The “defects liability period” commences from practical completion;A construction stage
report.
The risk of loss or damage to (and responsibility for) the works usually transfers from the
contractor to the employer;
The contract administrator may not instruct the contractor to carry out variations after
practical completion; and
It may trigger other consequences under the contract (such as the “final account”
provisions under a JCT contract).

WHAT ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 95
PRACTICAL
ISSUES DO I

NEED TO
CONSIDER?

The requirements for practical completion vary from project to project. Disputes as to
whether or when practical completion has been achieved are common but can be avoided
by:
checking that the building contract is clear on when practical completion has occurred
(including where practical completion is deemed to have occurred); and
keeping a paper trail documenting acceptance of possession, partial possession or
agreement for early access, as appropriate.
Finally, if you are amending a standard form building contract to make the test for achieving
practical completion more stringent, you should consider whether this is in the best
interests of the employer; a stringent mechanism can sometimes backfire.

HOW TO
OBTAIN A
CERTIFICATE
OF PRACTICAL
COMPLETION?

When the Contractor believes the Works are practically complete, he must contact the
Engineer to request the Certificate.
The Engineer must answer in 14 days and if he feels the Works aren’t yet practically
complete, he must give the Contractor a list of the work which must be done to make the
Works complete.
Once the Contractor has properly completed the work on the Engineer’s list, the Engineer
should issue the Certificate of Practical Completion.

ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 96

AS A DEVELOPER ARCHITECTURE SITE PRACTICE | PAGE 97
(EMPLOYER), HOW DO

I PROVE THAT
PRACTICAL

COMPLETION HAS
NOT BEEN MET?

To achieve Practical Completion, the Contractor must comply with clause 2.37 (JCT Design
and Build) and provide the Employer with contractor’s design documents and any related
information specified in the Contract that show or describe the work (i.e. As Built Drawings,
O & M Manuals which show the operation and maintenance of the works). The Contractor
must also comply with the obligations placed upon him under the CDM regulations cl.3.16
(JCT) which require that the Contractor carries out all Duties as Principal Designer and
Principal contractor should they be so named as these within the particulars.
Practical Completion requires sign off from the Local Authority Building Control or the
Approved Inspector. This is a fit for occupation certificate and a fire life and safety
certificate will also be required. All services should be tested and commissioned with all
relevant certificates provided. Acoustic testing and air tightness tests should be carried out
to ensure compliance with any statutory regulations or any requirements as set out within
the Contract Documents.