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This portfolio is a collection of all of my science work thought my 8th grade year.

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Published by Rachel Goldstein (Class of 2023), 2019-06-04 14:08:19

Science Portfolio 2018-19

This portfolio is a collection of all of my science work thought my 8th grade year.

SCIENTIFIC PORTFOLIO

By: Rachel Goldstein

Part 1, Scientific Method

Scientific Method presentation

Scientific Method Practice

Readworks

Scientific Method Quiz

Scientific Method Test
I retook the test a second time and got 100%!

Part 2, Density

Density Word Problems

Object Density Lab Report
Aluminum
Copper Density
Zink 3g/cm​3
Aluminum 10g/cm3​
Tin 7.425g/cm​3
lead 2.75g/cm​3
aluminum 7.325g/cm3​
9.22g/cm​3
3.17g/cm3​

For our lab, we had to find the density of 7 different
metals. For our hypothesis, we said that if copper
has the most density, then it would make the water
rise the most. Our hypothesis was correct and
incorrect. It was correct because copper did have
the most density of 10g/cm3​ ​. It was also incorrect
because copper only made the water rise 3 cm​2,​
while the third aluminum made it rise 27 cm2​ .​ In this
experiment, everything went smoothly, and we were
able to find the density of all of the metals very easily. Also for this lab, we had to identify unknown
metals by matching their density to one of the known metals. My group figured out that letter B matched
to copper because they had the same mass, volume, and density. We also figured out that letter C
matched to the second aluminum because it also had the same mass, volume, and density. In
conclusion, copper does have the most density, and the lowest volume out of all of the metals.

Plate tectonics is a theory. It “explains the movement of the earth's crust.”(Robb) There are 2 different
types of plates, continental and oceanic. Continental plates are less dense because they are made of
rocks. Also because continental plates are less dense, they float. Oceanic plates are the opposite. They
have a high density. Because they have a high density, they sink. Oceanic plates have a higher density
because they have more mass per unit. When oceanic and continental plates collide, the oceanic plates
get pushed down because of their higher density. As the oceanic plates get pushed into Earth’s mantle,
the plate starts melting from the heat. This melting can cause the plates to create friction. This friction
can lead to earthquakes and the forming of volcanoes. Continental plates usually bend or break when
they collide with an oceanic plate causing mountain ranges to form. When continental plates collide with
each other, this also forms mountains. When two oceanic plates collide, the older crust goes beneath the
newer ocean crust because the older one has more density.

Density Lab Stimulator

Part 3, Metric System

Metric System

Metric System Conversion Chart
Scientific Notation

Part 4, Phase Changes

Phase Change Videos

Hero’s Engine Reflection

This is the reflection of phase changes from liquid to
gas.

Do Now 10-23 Specific Heat compared to water

Phase Change Water Lab

Phase Change Water Lab part 2

Calculating Heat Energy

Calculating Heat Energy Part 2

Gold
Heat = m * Hfusion
Heat = m * Hfusion

Heat = 65 * 95
Heat = 6175 cal
Heat = m * T * SH
Heat = 65 * 1807 * .21
Heat = 24665.55 cal
Heat = m * Hvaporization
Heat = 65 * 2500
Heat = 162,5000 cal
Total: Heat + Heat + Heat
Total = 193340.55 cal

Aluminum
Heat = 65 * 15
Heat = 975 cal
Heat = m * T * SH
Heat = 65 * 1737 * 0.03
Heat = 3387.15 cal
Heat = m * Hvaporization
Heat = 65 * 377
Heat = 24505 cal
Total: Heat + Heat + Heat
Total = 28867.15 cal

​Water
Heat = m * Hfusion

Heat = 65 * 80
Heat = 5200 cal
Heat = m * T * SH
Heat = 65 * 100 * 1
Heat = 6500 cal
Heat = m * Hvaporization
Heat = 65 * 540
Heat = 35100 cal
Total: Heat + Heat + Heat
Total = 46800 cal



Classification of Matter

Textbook: Chapter 15 (448-473)

1. Vocabulary
Directions: ​Write the definition and master the words on Quizlet. Include a
screenshot on this document showing your mastery of the words. Include a
picture that represents each word.

Substance Heterogeneous Solubility Solvent
Mixture
Element Atom Saturated
Homogeneous
Compound Mixture Solute Unsaturated
Mixture Suspension Supersaturated
Solution

Concentration

2. Classification of Matter
*Provide Examples of each form of matter. Include a picture.

Heterogeneous Homogeneous Element Compound

Mixture Mixture

Sand and water White vinegar Mercury Ionic

Trail mix corn oil Oxygen Hydroxide

Fruit salad sugar water Hydrogyn Peroxide

Froot loops Soda Carbon Methane

Jelly beans Lithium Sulfuric acid

Candy Mixtures

Activity: Candy Mixture

Directions: Y​ ou will create a candy and snack mixture and determine the Mass% of each
component found within your mixture. Your mixture must have at least 4 different components.
Your group must sort and classify the mixture and find the mass of each component and then
create a pie chart.

Table: (Use this table to record your results)

Total Mass percentage
11.5%
Red M&M 13.5 g 19.3%
10.2%
Orange M&M 22.7g 10.2%
13.1%
Yellow M&M 12g 6.6%
14.5%
Green M&M 12g 14.6%

Blue M&M 15.4g

Brown M&M 7.8g

Milky way 1 17 g

Milky way 2 17.2g

Percentage= individual mass/total mass*100
percentage=13.5/117.6*100
percentage = 11.5
Total mass: 117.6

Graph:

Leah’s group Avery’s group

Conclusion:​ How is your sample an example of a Heterogeneous mixture? Explain how it is
different from the mixtures other groups. (Use data) How is this different from a compound?
Use an example from the past assignment or research some compounds.

Our food sample is a heterogeneous mixture. A heterogenous mixture is made up of 2 or more
types of molecules. In our mixture we had red, yellow, brown, blue, green, orange M&Ms, and 2
milky ways. These candies are made up of different molecules. In a heterogeneous mixture
you can see the different food, but they are not always evenly spread out. If you take 2 scoops
of a heterogeneous mixture, your scoops won’t always be the same. If you take 2 scoops of a
homogeneous mixture, they will be the same. My group’s total mass was 117.6 grams, while
Avery’s group and Leah’s group had different total masses. The other groups also had
heterogeneous mixtures, but because they had different types and amounts of candy, their
mixtures had different masses. The total mass of Avery’s group was 43.7 grams, and the total
mass of Leah’s group was 60.9 grams. Our mixture is different from a homogeneous mixture
because a homogeneous mixture is when the substances have the same proportions
throughout. You cannot see the difference in substances and separate the substances in a
homogeneous mixture. Our mixture is different from a compound because a compound is a
fixed combination of elements and cannot be changed. For example the compound for oxygen
is H2O. This compound is always made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. However
a mixture is made up of many different molecules and is never the same. Overall, our food
sample is an example of a heterogeneous mixture because it is made up of 2 or more different
molecules.

Mixture Practice

Directions: Analyze the data tables below and use the data to answer the questions about the
rock samples. YOu will do a similar lab tomorrow in class.

Table 1: Rock Mixture A Mass % of Sample
Component 35 g 35/76*100=46.1%
12 g 12/76*100=15.8%
Large Rocks 7g 7/76*100=9.2%
Small Rocks 3g 3/76*100=3.9%
Fine Grained Sand 17 g 17/76*100=22.4%
Coarse Grained Sand 2g 2/76*100=2.6%
Elements 76 g
Compound (Your choice) 100%
Total

Table 2 Mass % of Sample
: Rock Mixture B 154 g 154/235*100=65.5%
41 g 41/235*100=17.4%
Component 18 g 18/235*100=7.7%
Large Rocks 12g 12/235*100=5.1%
Small Rocks 7/235*100=3%
Fine Grained Sand 7g 3/235*100=1.3%
Coarse Grained Sand 3g
Elements 235 g 100%
Compound (Your choice)
Total

Questions:
1. How are the mixtures different?
The mixtures are different because the rocks have different weights so it impacts the
percentages and the different mixtures.
2. Which group had a greater % of Fine Grained Sand?
Group A has a greater percent of fined sand.
3. Why are these examples of Heterogeneous Mixture?
These are examples of heterogeneous mixtures because you can easily distinguish the
different rocks and separate them. Also, they are not chemically bonded together.

Quiz: Mixtures

QUIZ: Classifying Matter

I. Directions: I​ dentify the following as either a Heterogeneous Mixture, Homogeneous Mixture,

Element or Compound. Write the following letters in Column B for your choices:

A. Heterogeneous

B. Homogeneous

C. Element

D. Compound

Column A Column B

Salad A

Copper D

Lemonade B

Rocks, sand, gravel A

Salt Water B

Gold C

Sodium Chloride (​ NaCl) D

Air (Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide…) B

K​2​SO4​ D
Twix, snickers, pretzels, popcorn in a bag A

II. Directions:​ Determine the Mass % of each mixture and construct the appropriate graphs.

Mixture A Mass (g) %

Large Rocks 125 125/241*100=51.
9%

Small Rocks 75 75/241*100=31.1
%

Coarse Sand 32 32/241*100=13.3
%

Iron 9 9/241*100=3.7%
Mass (g) %
Total: 241
Mixture B

Large Rocks 205 205/389*100=52.
7%

Small Rocks 58 58/389*100=14.9
%

Coarse Sand 97 97/389*100=24.9
%

Iron 29 29/389*100=7.5%

total=389
Calculation Examples (​ Provide 2 Examples showing how you determined the Mass %)

Graphs:
Mixture A

Mixture B

Part III.​ Determine the Mass % of Elements in each Compound:

K​2​SO4​ ​ - Potassium Sulfate
(Show Math Here)
K(2)*39=78
S(1)*32=32
O(4)*16=64
Total=174
K=78/174*100=44.8%
S=32/174*100=18.4%
O=64/174*100=36.8%
K=44.8%
S=18.4%
O=36.8%
K - 39 amu
S - 32 amu
O - 16 amu

Na​3​PO​4​ - Sodium Phosphate

(Show Math Here)
Na - 23 amu
P - 31 amu
O - 16 amu
Na(3)*23=69
P(1)*31=31
O(4)*16=64
Total=164
Na=69/164*100=42.1%
P=31/164*100=18.9%
O=64/164*100=39%
Na=42.1%
P=18.9%
O=39%

Graphs:
A. Mixture

B. Compound (pick one)

IV. Conclusion:

1. Explain the difference between Mixtures and Compounds ​using data.​ Compare the pie
charts.

The difference between mixtures and compound is that compounds are elements bonded
together and mixtures are when the different substances are combined together. The mixtures
were different from each other because the 2 mixtures had slightly different masses of each
type of rock. For example, in mixture 1, the large rocks weighed 125 grams, and in mixture 2,
the large rocks weighed 205 grams. Which meant that 52.7% of mixture 2 was large rocks and
51.9% of mixture 1 was large rocks. There were also small rocks, coarse grained rocks, and
iron in both mixtures that had different weights. This mixture was a heterogeneous mixture
because you could easily pick apart the different types of rocks. These mixtures are different
from the compounds because in a compound such as potassium sulfate, the potassium and
sulfate are chemically bonded together, and you cannot separate them. Also, the amount of
potassium and sulfate doesn’t change in a compound. In the rock mixture, everything is mixed
together, but you can still separate the different substances.

2. Explain how you separated the Salt from the Sand. Use as much new vocabulary as you
can.

In this experiment we had a salt and sand mixture and poured it through a coffee filter along
with water. The water and salt poured through the funnel into the beaker. The sand didn’t pour
through because sand doesn't dissolve in water and salt does. The water dissolved the salt

because the water is a solvent meaning it dissolves other substances and the salt is a solute
because it is the substance getting dissolved. Once the water and salt were in the beaker, we
boiled off the water until it evaporated and we had little salt crystals. Salt is a compound that is
NaCl. Na is sodium and Cl is chloride. These are 2 elements on the periodic table, and all of
the elements on the periodic table have ions. Ions are a group of atoms, or just one atom that
has a positive or negative charge. Sodium ion has a positive charge, and chloride ion has a
negative charge. Opposite ions attract so the positive sodium and the negative chloride ion
were attracted to each other and became NaCl which is a sodium chloride compound.



Naming Ionic Compounds

River Compound project

SOLUBILITY 

Solubility/compound Quiz

QUIZ:​ Solubility and Compounds

I. Write the formula for the following compounds:

1. Sodium phosphate Na​3P​ O4​

2. Magnesium carbonate MgCO​3

3. Ammonium carbonate (NH​4)​ ​2C​ O3​

4. Lithium sulfate LiSO​4

5. Aluminum hydroxide AlOH​3

II. ​Write the name of the following compounds:

6. CaCO3​ Calcium Carbonate

7. Ag​3​PO4​ Silver phosphate
Potassium sulfide
8. K​2​S Magnesium Chloride
Zinc Floride
9. Mg(ClO3​ ​)​2
10. ZnF2​

Question: Explain how you used your Periodic Table to find the charges of 2 of the
elements:

You use the periodic table by looking at the columns. The column that starts with
hydrogen has +1 charge and next to it has +2, and +3. On the opposite side, the side that
starts with helium, the first column has 0, the second one has -1, then -2, -3, -4, and -5.

III. Solubility -​ Read the questions and analyze the solubility graphs. Explain the appearance
of the beaker with the following solutions:
1. Suppose you have 160 g of Potassium nitrate at 55 C.
It is supersaturated. Meaning that the concentration of the solution goes beyond saturation
point. There would be 63 grams of potassium nitrate left over at the bottom of the beaker,
because at 55 C the saturation point is 97 grams, so there is 63 grams leftover. But, if you heat
the solution to 77 C, the solution will be completely saturated
2. Suppose you have 200 g of Potassium Iodide at 60 C.
It is unsaturated. All of the potassium Iodide dissolved completely, but there is still space to
dissolve 30 more grams of potassium iodide until it is completely saturated.

IV. Mass %​ You are exploring the Mississippi River and collect water samples. You find the
following ions in the water:

Sodium- Na+​ 1
Phosphate- PO4​ -​ 3
Sulfate- SO​4-​ 2
Magnesium Mg​+2
Carbonate CO​3-​ 2
Lithium Li​+1

Your company needs you to compare the Oxygen content in 2 of the compounds. Choose 2
compounds and report the compound with the greatest and least % of oxygen. Construct Pie
Charts of both compounds.

Sodium Phosphate
Na​+1 ​PO​4​-3
Na3​ P​ O4​
Na (3) *23=69/164*100=42
P(1)*31=31/164*100=19
O(4)*16=64/164*100=39
Total=164
Oxygen=39%

Magnesium Carbonate
Mg​+2 C​ O​3-​ 2
MgCO​3
Mg(1)*24=24/84*100=29
C(1)*12=12/84*100=14
O(3)*16=48/84*100=57
Total=84
Oxygen=57%

Overall, we can see that the oxygen in magnesium carbonate has more oxygen than in sodium
phosphate. That is because in magnesium carbonate, there is less magnesium and carbonate
than oxygen. In Sodium phosphate, there is more sodium than oxygen. This is because the
amu for sodium is 69, and the amu for oxygen is only 64. Also, magnesium and carbonates
amu’s are only 12 and 24,so oxygen is bigger.

Solubility Playlist

Solubility graph

Chemical Reactions

Balancing Chemical reaction

Types of reactions

Synthesis:

Decomposition:

Single displacement
Double displacement

Chemistry test review

Make Flashcards or Quizlet
1. What happens to mass when you burn gasoline in an engine? Any chemical reaction
A. Mass is lost
B. Mass is gained
C.​ New substances are created

2. In salt water, the SOLUTE is the ______________.
A. Water
B.​ NaCl - Salt
C. Glass

3. What happens to matter when it is heated?
A. Molecules slow down and move closer
B. Molecules slow down and move further
C​. Molecules move faster and move further apart

4. When iron and sulfur or rocks and sand are ​MIXED​ what happens to the properties of the
iron, sulfur, rocks and sand? (Think mixture not chemical reaction)
A.​ stay the same
B. change

5. A _______________ is called a solution made up of metals.
A. Sublimation
B. Condensation
C.​ Alloy

6. When one element displaces another element in a compound, the reaction is a
_______________ reaction.
A. Synthesis
B.​ Single Displacement
C. Displacement

7. These 2 ways will speed up the dissolving of a solute:
A. Cool down and grind up the solvent
B.​ Stir and heat the solution
C. Look at it

8. Chemical reaction in which energy is released in the form of heat is called __________.
A. Endothermic


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