PREFACE (Bro. Surakit Srisrankulwong, Ph.D.) Director March 2023 Nowadays, learning English is the most essential activity in our daily routine. Needless to say, it is the most fundamental means of communication in the field of education in order to instill in the learner’s positive attitudes towards English language. Consequently, the learner can use the language in multiple life situations, and in search for knowledge to sustain a career and further high level of studies. In addition, it can also aid the ability to understand various cultural differences and challenges. Therefore, the teaching and learning process is considered to be most beneficial as the teacher educates the subject content thus enabling the learner to grasp in a less complex effort. This vocabulary book is published for the exclusive use in teaching and learning of five basic subjects namely Mathematics, Science, Technology and Occupation, Social Studies, Religion and Culture and English for Primary 1 to Secondary 6 students. This book introduces English vocabulary words used in the abovementioned subjects with examples on how to adapt them in daily communication to attain goals and efficiency. It is with great expectation that the contents in this English vocabulary book may benefit the teachers and students in a way that it is genuinely learned as English is a medium of instruction. Every single vocabulary word is related to the learner’s daily life. The contents are expected to respond to the basic learning needs and preferences of the learner and therefore may involve recreational learning and utmost advantage. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the valuable efforts of the teachers of the Foreign Languages Department, the Academic Affairs, and those who in one way or another have been part of the preparation and success of this book. God bless you constantly.
2 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE 565 Samsen Rd., Dusit, Bangkok 10300. THAILAND. Tel. 0-2243-0065, 0-2243-7002, 0-2243-2153, Fax: 0-2243-2150 Website: http://www.sg.ac.th All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any forms or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Saint Gabriel’s College. HONORARY ADVISOR : Bro. Surakit Srisrankulwong, Ph.D. COMMITTEE : Bro. Bhuvarindhara Khemrachanon, M.A. Bro. Pathanant Chaiyara Bro. Siriroj Viriyasirimongkol, Ph.D. Board of Director Mr. Thong-in Sawaengsin, M.A. Mr. Pisit Krittayanawach, M.A. Mr. Avirut Wisetchart, M.A. Mrs. Sureerat Chaisuriya, M.Ed. Ms. Yaowaluck Yoocharoen, M.A. Ms. Pornsirin Watthanasathian, M.A. English Teachers Primary 1 - Secondary 6 EDITORIAL TEAM : Mrs. Sureerat Chaisuriya, M.Ed. Members of the Foreign Language Department DESIGN & LAYOUT : Mr. Wutichart Chatarupacheewin, M.FA. Mr. Sarayut Jorjaroenpanich Mr. Peerawit Arjloi Mr. Pheempapob Chatarupacheewin PRODUCED BY : Saint Gabriel’s College BANGKOK, THAILAND Copyright @ 2023
3 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND CONTENTS Preface 1 Coat of Arms 4 Foreign Languages (English) 6 Mathematics 18 Science and Technology 24 Social Studies 38 Occupation 54
4 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND COAT OF ARMS Coat of arms is a translation of the French COTTE D’ ARMES. Usually it is depicted with the particular heraldic bearings of a person or family on an escutcheon, and from it we can learn much about the person or family which adopted the particular coat of arms. BROTHERS OF ST. GABRIEL The name “the Brothers of St. Gabriel” reminds us of those Brothers who sacrificed their lives, and their mother’s land, in order to help educate and develop our Thai children to grow in the right path. “LABOR OMNIA VINCIT” is the motto of our school. “We can overcome all difficulties through working hard,” or, as the Latin proverb says : “Labor conquers all things.” “Life - Boat” Symbolized By “The Ship in The Sea” “The ship in the Sea” symbolizes that we have to keep on struggling and facing different difficulties in the sea of life, just like the ship or the boat that fights stormy wing, steamy sun and rainy sea in order NOT to capsize in the middle of the sea. This should always remind us that “Life is a Struggle” or “To Live is to Struggle” against the problems and difficulties and not to give up. “DS” (read “D and S”) Cross In The Middle With The Cross “D” or Divinity represents “Religion”. We all need religion in life and mind. The Cross is the symbol of “love” and “sacrifice” just as Jesus sacrificed his life for our love and he redeemed our sins as he said: “There is no other love greater than sacrificing our life for others.” “S” or “Science” means “Knowledge,” which is the root of man’s ability to reason. Everyone should always aim at gaining more knowledge. The
5 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND more we learn about mundane knowledge, the more we should also learn about “Dharma” or religious, ethical virtues. Moreover, DIS also comes from the French phrase, “Dieu Seul,” which means “ALL WE DO IS FOR THE GRACE OF GOD ONLY.” It is to remind us of St. Louis Marie de Montfort, the Founding Father of the Brothers of St. Gabriel’s motto. With this powerful motto, we have the will to work without yielding to difficulties, at studies as well as at work. We all uphold it up to this day. A.M. and The White Lilies “A.M.” is abbreviated from a Latin word, “ALMA MATER,” meaning literally, “Dear Mother,” in Latin and indicating “MOTHER COLLEGE,” which symbolizes that our institution is like our “Alma Mater”, our own birth place and as a part of our own families. We should love our institution as much as we should love our own parents. Moreover, “A.M.” is also abbreviated from “AVE MARIA” (in Latin), the name of Jesus’ Mother. This means that we should love our own Mother with our heart and soul. And the beautiful snow - white lilies are symbols to remind us that we should be clean and sincere with all our thoughts, words and minds, wherever we are. The Star and The Man In a Boat “The Star and the Boat” symbolizes “Spiritual Hope” meaning that religion is “the light of Dharma or Absolute Truth” and all the knowledge or sciences we have learned from the institution is “the Light of the Intelligence”. Altogether they keep conduct and intelligence on track so we are not lost or capsized in the middle of the sea of life. “The man in the boat” reflects us, ourselves, rowing or guiding our own “boat of life”. “The Shield” That Frames The “Four Symbols” The “Shield” that frames the “Four Symbols” is the “COAT OF ARMS” which stands for “HONOUR,” or “PRIDE and DIGNITY”. It also represents the HONOUR, DIGNITY, PRIDE AND PRAISE that our institution has received from the King who reigns over the Kingdom.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 7 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND VOCABULARY ENGLISH UNIT 1 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 fictitious (adj.) ซึ่งเป็นเรื่องไม่จริง, แต่งขึ้น The events depicted in this drama are fictitious. 2 identification (n.) การแสดง เอกลักษณ์ I need to see some identification so I can turn over his personal belongings to you. 3 legend (n.) ตำ�ำนาน, เรื่องเล่าลือ According to legend, the woods are used to be haunted, so people would avoid it. 4 indigenous (adj.) เกี่ยวกับท้องถิ่น, พื้นเมือง The most indigenous inhabitants were the American Indians. 5 intensity (n.) ความหนาแน่น, ความรุนแรง She spoke with an intensity which disturbed him. 6 categorize (v.) แยกแยะ, จัดเป็นหมวดหมู่ This software lets you categorize your photographs in many different ways. 7 sustain (v.) สนับสนุน, ค้�้ำำจุน It was difficult for the soldiers to sustain the visibility of enemies at night. 8 predict (v.) ทำ�ำนาย, พยากรณ์ The best way to predict your future is to create it.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 8 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 9 relevant (adj.) เกี่ยวข้อง, สัมพันธ์กัน Because the job applicant's experience was not relevant to the position, we did not make him an offer of employment. 10 approximately (adv.) โดยประมาณ There are approximately 12 million migrants with their dependents living in the EU countries. UNIT 2 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 11 ancestors (n.) บรรพบุรุษ Her ancestors came to America in the 1880s. 12 interactive (adj.) ที่มีการสื่อสาร, โต้ตอบกัน During our kindergarten visit, the 8th graders became very interactive with the young children after getting to know them. 13 opportunity (n.) โอกาส It was the perfect opportunity to test her theory. 14 originate (v.) เกิดขึ้น, เริ่มต้นขึ้น The sound seemed to originate from outside the room. 15 analyst (n.) นักวิเคราะห์ I'm an analyst and skilled technician. 16 document (n.) เอกสาร The document provides a detailed explanation regarding the new rules and regulations. 17 destination (n.) จุดหมายปลายทาง When they finally reached their destination, they were very tired from driving all day.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 9 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 18 remove (v.) นำ�ำออก, โยกย้าย Please remove your shoes when you come into the house. 19 consequence (n.) ผลลัพธ์ Obviously, they didn’t realize the consequence of their actions. 20 repetition (n.) การทำ�ำซ้�้ำำ,การพูดซ้�้ำำ Life is too short to spend it with repetition of old dreams that never happened. UNIT 3 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 21 prospect (n.) การคาดการณ์ A productive harvest is in prospect. 22 achieve (v.) บรรลุ, สำ�ำเร็จ He will use every possible means to achieve his goals. 23 launch (v.) ปล่อย, เริ่มดำ�ำเนินการ The police launch an investigation into his activities. 24 schedule (n.) กำ�ำหนดการ, ตารางเวลา Everything is going according to schedule. 25 individual (n.) ตัวบุคคล, ปัจเจกชน Every individual has rights which must never be taken away. 26 advantage (n.) ความได้เปรียบ, ผลประโยชน์ He has an unfair advantage over us because of his wealth. 27 encourage (v.) ให้กำ�ำลังใจ His teachers always encourage him in his studies. 28 curriculum (n.) หลักสูตร The curriculum guide provides a framework for new teachers to refer to when making lesson plans.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 10 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 29 ambition (n.) ความ ทะเยอทะยาน The main qualities are diligence, great ambition, and good health. 30 valuable (adj.) มีคุณค่า He made many valuable contributions in the field of science. UNIT 4 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 31 contemporary (adj.) ร่วมสมัย, รุ่นเดียวกัน While young people tend to prefer contemporary music, the older generation prefers to listen to music from the 1970’s and the 1980’s. 32 architecture (n.) สถาปัตยกรรม Nothing could be more beautiful than the architecture of this ice-palace. 33 masterpiece (n.) ผลงานชิ้นเอก His masterpiece is a collection of short stories called, The Spinning Room. 34 collapse (n.) การพังทลาย, ล้ม If the foundations of any building are weak, collapse is possible. 35 mistake (n.) ความผิดพลาด, ความเข้าใจผิด I made a really bad mistake and I don't know what to do. 36 horrible (adj.) น่ากลัว, น่าสยดสยอง The crime scene was too horrible to describe. 37 opinion (n.) ความคิดเห็น Public opinion can force the government into action. 38 erect (v.) สร้างขึ้น They planned to erect a statue of their leader. 39 seminar (n.) การสัมมนา We hope that you will be able to join us at this seminar.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 11 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 40 challenge (v.) ท้าทาย, กระตุ้น One of our jobs is to challenge the World Health Organization to make a hasty decision. UNIT 5 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 41 mundane (adj.) ทางโลก The way he described her, I don't think she paid much attention to the mundane things in life. 42 remarkable (adj.) พิเศษ, ยอดเยี่ยม Competing in the Olympics is a remarkable achievement. 43 conflict (n.) การต่อสู้, ความขัดแย้ง It's a conflict of interest, she said with some exasperation. 44 associate ( v.) เชื่อมโยง, รวมกลุ่ม Rich people usually associate with renowned movie stars. 45 method (n.) วิธีการ The best method to cook beef is very simple. 46 interrupt (v.) ขัดจังหวะ Don’t interrupt the scientists while at work. 47 consent (n.) การยอมรับ, การยินยอม Mary's parents refused their consent to her marriage. 48 appropriate (adj.) เหมาะสม If I want to sunbathe, I should buy appropriate clothing. 49 entrepreneur (n.) นักลงทุน, นายทุน She also has become an entrepreneur by starting several businesses. 50 educate (v.) ให้การศึกษา, สั่งสอน He constantly sought to educate his own people.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 12 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND UNIT 6 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 51 determine (v.) กำ�ำหนด I study human DNA to try to understand how our genetic codes determine the way we are. 52 groundbreaking (adj.) ที่เป็นสิ่งใหม่, เป็นนวัตกรรมใหม่ Gene therapy is starting to give us groundbreaking cures for common diseases. 53 upbringing (n.) การเลี้ยงดู I wonder why I am shy whereas my twin sister was easygoing, even though we had a similar upbringing. 54 symmetrical (adj.) ที่สมมาตร We are very much symmetrical beings, which means that one side of our body is the mirror image of one other. 55 subconscious (adj.) อยู่ใต้จิตสำ�ำนึก Some patients have a subconscious fear that they will die under anaesthetic. 56 Internal (adj.) ภายใน Internal organs include a heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and many more. 57 compromise (v.) ประนีประนอม They debated whether to compromise with the opposition parties. 58 perspective (n.) มุมมอง When you reach middle age you get a different perspective on life. 59 bad-tempered (adj.) ขี้โมโห Despite appearing to be a little angel, he transforms into a bad-tempered monster at home. 60 tolerance (n.) ความอดทน She was showing greater tolerance towards her noisy and naughty younger sister than before.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 13 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND UNIT 7 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 61 dub (v.) พากย์เสียง I’m from Spain where they dub most foreign-language films in Spanish. 62 cinemagoer (n.) ผู้ชมภาพยนตร์ Not talking during the film is the best thing that a cinemagoer should do. 63 foyer (n.) โถงนอกโรง ภาพยนตร์ I’ll wait for you in the foyer at half past six, just five minutes before the film starts. 64 independent (adj.) เป็นอิสระ, ไม่ขึ้นกับสิ่งอื่น The Institute will quickly become a fully independent unit. 65 irritating (adj.) น่ารำ�ำคาญ I find people who don’t switch off their phones and noisily eat popcorn irritating. 66 aisle (n.) ทางเดินระหว่าง ที่นั่ง In a cinema, a central aisle often divides the halves of seating. 67 obvious (adj.) ชัดเจน I know you don't like her but try not to make it so obvious. 68 register (v.) ลงทะเบียน You have to register at their website to receive information about each event. 69 revolutionary (adj.) แปลกใหม่, สร้างความแตก ต่างอย่างสิ้นเชิง We expect your invention to be something new and revolutionary. 70 circumstance (n.) สถานการณ์ Due to an unforeseen circumstance, we had to reschedule the concert.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 14 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND UNIT 8 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 71 freight (n.) สินค้าที่ขนส่งโดย ยานพาหนะต่างๆ Freight transported by trains of trucks can be unloaded here and shipped around the world as air cargo. 72 residential (adj.) สำหรัับอยู่่อาศััย This residential area is very quiet, and the people are nice too. 73 breathtaking (adj.) น่าทึ่ง The view of the mountains was one of breathtaking beauty. 74 facility (n.) สิ่งอำ�ำนวยความ สะดวก Facilities include a large indoor pool, fitness centre and sauna. 75 appreciate (v.) ชื่นชม, เห็นคุณค่า Over the years, he came to appreciate the beauty and tranquility of the river. 76 tribute (n.) คำ�ำสรรเสริญ, การ ชื่นชมหรือขอบคุณ At her funeral, her oldest friend paid tribute to her life and work. 77 satisfied (adj.) พึงพอใจ Most customers were satisfied with the quality service they have received. 78 estimate (n.) การประมาณค่า I can give you a rough estimate of the number of hollow blocks you will need. 79 manufacture (v) ผลิต Alexa’s factories manufacture these face masks. 80 approach (v.) เข้าใกล้ The men tried to approach the creature cautiously from behind. UNIT 9 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 81 incapable (adj.) ไม่สามารถ The children seem to be totally incapable of working by themselves.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 15 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 82 immoral (adj.) ผิดศีลธรรม Don't you think it's immoral to leave thousands of children without an education? 83 irresponsible (adj.) ขาดความรับผิด ชอบ It would be irresponsible to carry on if there really was a problem. 84 preconception (n.) ความคิดที่มี อยู่ก่อน We tend to label people based on our preconception about their age, appearance, accent and the way they behave. 85 collaborative (adj.) ซึ่งทำ�ำงานร่วมกัน They are collaborative people who enjoy working together. 86 accusation (n.) การกล่าวหา I don't want to make an accusation until I have some proof. 87 justify (v.) แสดงเหตุผลว่า ถูกต้อง, แก้ต่าง A lot of men try to justify sharing password with their girlfriends by saying they have nothing to hide from them. 88 encourage (v.) ให้กำ�ำลังใจ, ส่งเสริม Your parents will always encourage you in your choice of career. 89 misinterpret (v.) ตีความคลาด เคลื่อน It’s easy to misinterpret something that someone wrote and shared when they were 13 or 14 years old. 90 colleague (n.) เพื่อนร่วมงาน The new doctor is working with his former colleague in Arizona. UNIT 10 No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 91 genuine (adj.) แท้ She’s convinced the picture is a genuine one drawn by Picasso.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 16 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 92 eavesdropping (n.) การแอบฟัง Knowing many languages is useful for eavesdropping on other people’s conversation. 93 proficiency (n.) ความชำ�ำนาญ Real proficiency in a language takes years to acquire. 94 polyglot (n.) บุคคลที่สื่อสารได้ หลายภาษา She’s a polyglot and thus can speak more than 8 languages. 95 derogatory (adj.) ซึ่งทำ�ำให้เสียหาย She tells me I'm fat and is always making derogatory remarks 96 utterly (adv.) อย่างถึงที่สุด Kim was utterly disappointed with Jack’s performance. 97 colloquial (adj.) ซึ่งเป็นภาษาพูด Learning colloquial expressions in English can help you understand more and talk like a native speaker in daily conversations. 98 hilarious (adj.) ตลกขบขัน She wore the funniest hat we’d ever seen, and it was so hilarious that we laughed so much in public. 99 euphemism (n.) คำ�ำสุภาพ (ใช้แทนภาษาที่ รุนแรงเกินไป) ‘Pass away’ is a euphemism for ‘die’. 100 influence (v.) มีอิทธิพลต่อ The grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation of your first language influence your English learning.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 17 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND I REALLY HAVEN'T HAD THAT EXCITING OF A LIFE. THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS I WISH I WOULD HAVE DONE, INSTEAD OF JUST SITTING AROUND AND COMPLAINING ABOUT HAVING A BORING LIFE. SO I PRETTY MUCH LIKE TO MAKE IT UP. I'D RATHER TELL A STORY ABOUT SOMEBODY ELSE.
MATHEMATICS
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 19 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND VOCABULARY MATHEMATICS UNIT 1 : SEQUENCES AND SERIES No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 sequence (n.) ลำ�ำดับ Find the next three terms of the sequence. 2 arithmetic sequence (n.) ลำ�ำดับเลขคณิต Determine the 40th term of an arithmetic sequence 1, 5, 9, 13, . . . . 3 geometric sequence (n.) ลำ�ำดับเรขาคณิต In a geometric sequence, the 1st term is 4 and the 3rd term is 9. 4 common difference (n.) ผลต่างร่วม What is the common difference of an arithmetic sequence 1, 8, 15, 22, . . . . 5 common ratio (n.) อัตราส่วนร่วม Find the common ratio of a geometric sequence if the 3rd term is 12 and the 6 th term is 96. 6 general term (n.) พจน์ทั่วไป Find the general term of the sequence. 7 series (n.) อนุกรม Find the 10th term of the series. 8 arithmetic series (n.) อนุกรมเลขคณิต The sum of all terms of this arithmetic series is 4182. 9 geometric series (n.) อนุกรมเรขาคณิต Which of the following is a geometric series? 10 consecutive terms (n.) พจน์ที่เรียงติดกัน Find the three consecutive terms in an arithmetic progression such that their sum is 21 and their product is 315.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 20 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 11 interest (n.) ดอกเบี้ย Who pays 12% interest on a car loan? 12 installment (n.) งวดการผ่อนชำ�ำระ Please set it up for 12 monthly installments. 13 compound interest (n.) ดอกเบี้ยทบต้น The most powerful force in the universe is compound interest. 14 principal (n.) เงินต้น She lives off the interest and tries to keep the principal intact. 15 Interest rate (n.) อัตราดอกเบี้ย The National Bank has set the interest rate at 6%. UNIT 2 : STATISTICS No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 statistics (n.) สถิติ The statistics show that, in general, women live longer than men. 2 descriptive statistics (n.) สถิติเชิงบรรยาย What are the differences between inferential and descriptive statistics? 3 inferential statistics (n.) สถิติเชิงอนุมาน What are some examples of inferential statistics? 4 primary data (n.) ข้อมูลปฐมภูมิ The program will collect primary data on trade flows between Scotland and the rest of the United Kingdom by a survey of the wholesale and distribution sector. 5 quantitative data (n.) ข้อมูลเชิงปริมาณ Examples of quantitative data are scores on achievement tests, number of hours of study, or weight of a subject.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 21 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 6 secondary data (n.) ข้อมูลทุติยภูมิ The interviews were accompanied by secondary data, including company accounts and reports. 7 qualitative data (n.) ข้อมูลเชิงคุณภาพ Qualitative data brings you the details and the depth to understand their full implications. 8 questionnaire (n.) แบบสอบถาม Visitors to the country have been asked to fill in a detailed questionnaire. 9 census (n.) การสำ�ำมะโน We have a census in this country every ten years. 10 class mark (n.) จุดกึ่งกลางชั้น All members of a class are represented by their class marks when calculating most statistics for a frequency distribution table. 11 cumulative frequency (n.) ความถี่สะสม To calculate the cumulative frequencies, add the frequencies together. 12 stem-and-leaf plot (n.) แผนภาพต้นใบ In this lesson we make a stem-and-leaf plot to clearly display data distributions. 13 weighted arith- metic mean (n.) ค่าเฉลี่ยเลขคณิต แบบถ่วงน้�้ำำหนัก The weighted arithmetic mean of a statistical value related to a list of numbers that are associated with a coefficient: their weight. 14 combined mean (n.) ค่าเฉลี่ยเลขคณิต รวม A combined mean is simply a weighted mean, where the weights are the size of each group.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 22 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 15 median (n.) มัธยฐาน Today the median age for marriage in the US is 25 for women and 27 for men. 16 mode (n.) ฐานนิยม The survey results are based on calculation of the mode for each question. 17 dispersion (n.) การกระจายของ ข้อมูล The measure of dispersion helps us to study the variability of the items. 18 range (n.) พิสัย Cars are now available in a wide range of prices. 19 standard deviation (n.) ส่วนเบี่ยงเบน มาตรฐาน A machine is designed to produce rods 2 cm long with a standard deviation of 0.02 cm. 20 variance (n.) ความแปรปรวน Statistical variance gives a measure of how the data distributes itself about the mean or expected value.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 23 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND WITHOUT PAIN, THERE WOULD BE NO SUFFERING, WITHOUT SUFFERING WE WOULD NEVER LEARN FROM OUR MISTAKES. TO MAKE IT RIGHT, PAIN AND SUFFERING IS THE KEY TO ALL WINDOWS, WITHOUT IT, THERE IS NO WAY OF LIFE.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 25 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND VOCABULARY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY UNIT 1 : CELL AND ORGANELLES No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 theory (n.) ทฤษฎี A scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory. 2 organism (n.) สิ่งมีชีวิต Human is an organism. 3 typical (adj.) ซึ่งเป็นตัวอย่าง The weather at the moment is not typical for July. 4 division (n.) การแบ่ง Mitosis is one type of cell division. 5 phase (n.) ระยะ, ขั้นตอน New Moon is the first primary phase and it occurs the moment the Sun and Moon are aligned, with the Sun and Earth on opposite side of the Moon. 6 manufacture (v.) การผลิต Ribosomes manufacture proteins that are released into the perinuclear space. 7 envelope (n.) เครื่องหุ้มห่อ The membrane surrounding the nucleus is called nuclear envelope. 8 framework (n.) โครงร่าง Carbon dating provides the archaeologist with a basic chronological framework.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 26 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 9 replicate (v.) การทำ�ำซ้�้ำำ Cells that lose control of their cell cycle and replicate out of control are called cancer cells. 10 align (v.) อยู่ในแนวเดียวกัน You know, there are times in life when the stars just simply align. 11 disintegrate (v.) แตกแยก Many meteors disintegrate during their passage through the atmosphere. 12 gamete (n.) เซลล์สืบพันธุ์ Gamete cell contains 23 chromosomes. UNIT 2 : CELL TRANSPORTATION No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 13 diffusion (n.) การแพร่ Diffusion occurs in both air and liquid. 14 facilitate (v.) ทำ�ำให้สะดวกขึ้น Computers can be used to facilitate language learning. 15 passive (adj.) ไม่ใช้พลังงาน อยู่นิ่งๆ Watching TV is a passive activity. 16 active (adj.) มีพลังงาน The active volcano erupts at regular intervals. 17 swell (v.) ทำ�ำให้ใหญ่ขึ้น The water swells the wood. 18 shrivel (v.) ทำ�ำให้เหี่ยว The fruit dried and shriveled. 19 embed (v.) ฝังลงไป Flukes are microscopic parasites that embed themselves in the gills of the fish. 20 subsequently (adv.) ตามลำ�ำดับ The book was subsequently translated into 15 languages. 21 shrink (v.) ทำ�ำให้เล็กลง Treatment can shrink a tumor.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 27 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 22 photosynthesis (n.) กระบวนการ สังเคราะห์ด้วยแสง Plants make food by photosynthesis. 23 absorb (v.) ดูดซึม Plants absorb nutrients from the soil. 24 burst (v.) แตก The cell will burst when put in to hypotonic solution. 25 vertical (n.) แนวตั้ง The tower now leans about 15 degrees from the vertical. 26 arrangement (n.) การจัดเรียง He changed the arrangement of the topics. UNIT 3 : TRANSPORTATION IN HUMAN No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 27 circulatory system (n.) ระบบไหลเวียน โลหิต The heart is one part of circulatory system. 28 waste (n.) ของเสีย This river is polluted with factory waste. 29 harmful (adj.) ซึ่งเป็นอันตราย Everyone knows that this chemical is harmful to man. 30 platelets (n.) เกล็ดเลือด Platelets are required to make blood clot. 31 constantly (adv.) อย่างสม่�่ำำเสมอ Computers are constantly being improved. 32 erythrocyte (n.) เม็ดเลือดแดง Erythrocytes carry the oxygen in blood. 33 compartment (n.) ส่วนที่แยกออกมา (ห้อง) The untidy compartment remained vacant.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 28 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 34 pulmonary (adj.) เกี่ยวกับปอด Pulmonary circulation transports oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs. 35 circuit (n.) การเดินครบวงจร You must switch off the power before checking the circuit. 36 leukocyte (n.) เม็ดเลือดขาว Leukocyte helps defend the body from infection. 37 systole (n.) การบีบตัวของ หัวใจ Atrial systole occurs late in ventricular diastole. 38 diastole (n.) การคลายตัวของ หัวใจ 39 slippery (adj.) ลื่นไหล Watch your step! The floor is slippery! 40 humidity (n.) ความชื้น This high humidity makes me feel tired. 41 majority (n.) ซึ่งเป็นส่วนใหญ่ Joe spends the majority of his time in sports. 42 stethoscope (n.) หูฟังของแพทย์ The doctor will listen to the child's heartbeat with a stethoscope. 43 pulse (n.) ชีพจร Her pulse quickened and she shook him harder. 44 unconscious (adj.) โดยไม่รู้ตัว The unconscious person feels no pain. 45 frequency (n.) ความถี่ The frequency of crime in the town is high. 46 scientific (adj.) เกี่ยวกับ วิทยาศาสตร์ That researcher made a great scientific discovery.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 29 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 47 eliminate (v.) กำ�ำจัดออก We tried to eliminate all dangers beforehand. 48 influx (n.) การไหลเข้า The influx of foreign workers caused serious problem in the area. 49 collect (v.) เก็บรวบรวม Ken collects old coins. 50 bloodstream (n.) กระแสเลือด Red blood cells travel through the bloodstream. 51 inhalation (n.) การหายใจเข้า Inhalation is breathing in. 52 exhalation (n.) การหายใจออก Exhalation is breathing in. 53 urine (n.) น้�้ำำปัสสาวะ Please leave your urine sample in this vial. 54 temporarily (adv.) ชั่วคราว The apple appeased my hunger temporarily. UNIT 4 : GENETICS No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 55 characteristic (n.) ลักษณะเฉพาะ A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water. 56 offspring (n.) ลูกหลาน Right now, zebras are producing offspring in zoos. 57 traits (n.) ลักษณะเฉพาะ Whales share a number of traits with land mammals, such as milk and a placenta. 58 blueprint (n.) พิมพ์เขียว (ต้นแบบ) The documents contain a blueprint for a nuclear device.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 30 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 59 wrinkled (adj.) ยับ, ย่น His slacks are all wrinkled. 60 dwarf (adj.) แคระเกร็น The dwarf pea is a recessive trait. 61 curly (adj.) หยักศก(ผม) Her hair is naturally curly. 62 segregation (n.) การแยกออกจาก กัน I don't agree with segregation of people by race. 63 corresponding (adj.) ที่สอดคล้อง The rainfall this month is not as high as for the corresponding month last year. 64 transfusion (n.) การถ่ายเลือด A blood transfusion is indicated. 65 universal (adj.) สากล, ทั่วไป English is a kind of universal language. 66 recessive (n.) ลักษณะด้อย The most common mode of inherited deafness is autosomal recessive. 67 helix (n.) ส่วนที่เป็นเกลียว DNA is a double helix molecule. 68 dominant (adj.) ลักษณะเด่น The yellow seed is a dominant character. 69 donate (v.) บริจาค มอบให้ He donated $100 to the refugee fund. 70 predicting (v.) การคาดการณ์ All the local forecasters are predicting rain for this afternoon. 71 proportion (n.) สัดส่วน The proportion of girls to boys in our class is three to two. 72 progeny (n.) ลูกหลาน The dog produces 4 progenies. 73 determination (n.) การคำ�ำนวณ Determination was her motivation to be a doctor. 74 rung (n.) ขั้นบันได Rung is another word for step.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 31 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 75 expression (n.) การแสดงออก The teacher said we had to learn all these expression by heart. 76 carrier (n.) คนที่เป็นพาหะนำ�ำ โรค A mosquito can be a carrier of diseases. 77 deficiency (n.) ความขาดตก บกพร่อง Some people suffer from iron deficiency in their diet. 78 genome (n.) การถอดรหัส พันธุกรรม The human genome contains approximately three billion chemical base pairs. 79 adopt (v.) รับเอามา They adopted a new method of teaching English in that school. UNIT 5 : ECOLOGY No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 80 distinguish (v.) ทำ�ำให้เห็นความ แตกต่าง I can't distinguish a frog from a toad. 81 interaction (n.) การมีปฏิสัมพันธ์ The interaction between the teacher and his students is very good. 82 available (adj.) ใช้ประโยชน์ได้ This ticket is available for a whole year. 83 survival (n.) การอยู่รอด Air pollution will be a threat to our survival. 84 radiation (n.) การแผ่รังสี Sun creams work by blocking harmful ultraviolet radiation. 85 evaporate (v.) ระเหย In hot weather water evaporates quickly. 86 fertile (adj.) ที่สามารถให้ลูกได้ Most men remain fertile into old age.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 32 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 87 occupy (v.) ยึดครอง Books occupy most of his room. 88 phenomena (n.) ปรากฏการณ์ A rainbow is one of the most beautiful phenomena of nature. 89 clump (n.) การรวมตััว เป็็นกลุ่่มก้้อน The roses were planted in clumps across the park. 90 pattern (n.) แบบแผน These patterns show you how to make sentences. 91 consumption (n.) การบริโภค The consumption of alcohol on the location is prohibited. 92 capable (adj.) ที่สามารถทำ�ำได้ This bus is capable of carrying 45 persons. 93 achieve (v.) สำ�ำเร็จ The architect achieved worldwide fame. 94 represent (v.) แสดงให้เห็น Brown areas represent deserts on the map. 95 tedious (adj.) น่าเบื่อหน่าย They are weary of their tedious work. 96 involve (v.) เกี่ยวข้อง This job involves lots of hard work. 97 cumulative (adj.) ซึ่งสะสมเพิ่มขึ้น Learning is a cumulative process. 98 burnt (adj.) ซึ่งเผาไหม้ The house was burnt to ashes. 99 reflection (n.) การสะท้อน The news will be a reflection on his truthfulness. 100 initial (adv.) ในขั้นต้น The experiment failed in the initial stages. 101 contamination (n.) การปนเปื้อน People are suffering from the contamination of the water supply.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 33 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 102 massive (adj.) ใหญ่โต Massive amounts of carbon dioxide are generated every day. 103 pesticide (n.) ยาฆ่าแมลง We use pesticide to kill insects that destroy crops. 104 accumulate (v.) เก็็บสะสม Dust had accumulated on the desk. 105 accidentally (adv.) โดยบังเอิญ He accidentally hit his thumb with the hammer. 106 decay (v.) ย่อยสลาย Fruits decay in the sun. 107 distribution (n.) การกระจาย Random distribution occurs when resources are abundant. 108 uncommon (adj.) ไม่ธรรมดา Cholera is uncommon in Japan. 109 civilization (n.) อารยธรรม, ความเจริญ The country advanced in civilization. 110 category (n.) หมวดหมู่ There are five categories of workers. 111 lifespan (n.) ช่วงอายุ Men have a shorter lifespan than women. 112 mortality (n.) อัตราการตาย Mortality from heart disease varies widely across the world. 113 influence (n.) การมีอิทธิพลต่อ This movie has an undesirable influence on children. 114 expansive (adj.) ซึ่งขยายออก It was written in an expansive style. 115 stationary (adj.) คงที่ The population remains stationary. 116 capture (v.) จับ The old man captured a big fish. 117 reservoir (n.) ที่่เก็็บสะสม, อ่่างเก็็บน้้ำ The town is supplied with water from a reservoir.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 34 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 118 extremely (adv.) อย่างสุดขีด This food is extremely delicious. 119 inhabit (v.) อยู่อาศัย Indians inhabited this district. UNIT 6 : BIODIVERSITY No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 120 encompass (v.) การรวมเอาไว้ด้วย กัน The houses encompassed about 100 square meters. 121 penetrate (v.) แพร่กระจายไป The rain penetrated my clothes. 122 organization (n.) การจัดการอย่าง เป็นระบบ The small company was taken over by a large organization. (The small company was taken over by a large organization. 123 symmetry (n.) สมมาตร The symmetry of the design is observable. 124 oscillation (n.) การแกว่งไปมา The oscillating between growth and decline is inconstant. 125 consensus (n.) ความคิดเห็นของ คนส่วนใหญ่ The consensus was that technology was a good thing. 126 conjunction (n.) การเกิดขึ้นร่วมกัน The worksheets are designed to be used in conjunction with the new course books. 127 richness (n.) ความอุดมสมบูรณ์ Species richness conveys no information on the taxonomic structure of an assemblage. 128 evenness (n.) สมดุล These effects could be important in maintaining evenness and diversity of the seedling community.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 35 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 129 classify (v.) จัดกลุ่ม Please classify these books by subject. 130 fluctuation (n.) ความผันผวน Prices are subject to fluctuation. 131 significantly (adv.) อย่างสำ�ำคัญ Health problems can be significantly reduced by careful diet. 132 vertebrate (n.) สัตว์ที่มีกระดูกสัน หลัง Vertebrates are the most advanced organisms on Earth. 133 vascular (adj.) ที่่มีีท่่อลำเลีียง Mango is a vascular plant. 134 cotyledon (n.) ใบเลี้ยง Grass has one cotyledon. 135 aquatic (adj.) เกี่ยวกับน้�้ำำ This lake has many aquatic insects. UNIT 7 : WORLD ISSUE No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 137 depletion (n.) การทำ�ำให้หมดสิ้น The depletion of the ozone layer is dangerous. 138 greenhouse effect (n.) ปรากฏการณ์เรือน กระจก We are releasing vast quantities of carbon dioxide increasing the greenhouse effect. 139 emission (n.) การปล่อยออกมา Laws controlling the emission of greenhouse gases are not nearly tight enough. 140 unpredictable (adj.) ไม่อาจพยากรณ์ได้The mood of the crowd was unpredictable. 141 climate (n.) สภาพอากาศ An abnormal climate stunted the crops. 142 variability (n.) ความแปรปรวน There's a great deal of variability between individuals.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 36 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 143 orbital (adj.) เกี่่ยงกัับวงโคจร This moves their orbital electrons from the ground state to a higher energy level that is unstable. 144 malignant (adj.) ซึ่งเป็นอันตราย The type of cancer you have is malignant and inoperable. 145 cataract (n.) ต้อกระจก Age is not a factor in cataract surgery. 146 implication (n.) ความหมายโดยนัย Many scientific advances have profound implications for society at large.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 37 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND TRUE FRIENDSHIP MULTIPLIES THE GOOD IN LIFE AND DIVIDES ITS EVILS. STRIVE TO HAVE FRIENDS, FOR LIFE WITHOUT FRIENDS IS LIKE LIFE ON A DESERT ISLAND... TO FIND ONE REAL FRIEND IN A LIFETIME IS GOOD FORTUNE; TO KEEP HIM IS A BLESSING.
SOCIAL STUDIES
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 39 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND VOCABULARY SOCIAL STUDIES UNIT 1 : MEASURING THE ECONOMY No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 economic system (n.) ระบบเศรษฐกิจ The United States will make no deal with the Soviet Union because the communist drive to impose their political and economic system on others is the primary cause of world tension today. 2 stability (n.) เสถียรภาพ There are orders that must be executed, entrusted to us so that we might forge stability out of chaos. 3 equity (n.) ความเสมอภาค The company is open for equity shares in the current fiscal year. 4 traditional economy (n.) ระบบเศรษฐกิจ แบบดั้งเดิม Each member of a traditional economy has a more specific and pronounced role, and these societies tend to be very close-knit and socially satisfied. 5 command economy (n.) ระบบเศรษฐกิจ, แบบสังคมนิยม In a command economic system, a large part of the economic system is controlled by a centralized power. 6 market economy (n.) ระบบเศรษฐกิจ, แบบทุนนิยม There is no government intervention in a pure market economy.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 40 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 7 mixed economy (n.) ระบบเศรษฐกิจ, แบบผสม In the most common types of mixed economies, the market is more or less free of government ownership. 8 efficiency (n.) ประสิทธิภาพ Our firm is a giant one, and there are some rules and regulations, which should be revised or rescinded to reduce red tape and increase efficiency. UNIT 2 : DEMAND AND SUPPLY No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 demand (n.) อุปสงค์ Additional imports of American beef are planned to meet rising demand. 2 supply (n.) อุปทาน As the centuries went by and England became more crowded, the people found their food supply a great problem. 3 disposable Income (n.) รายได้หลังหักภาษี For the first six months, average disposable income for urban dwellers rose 14% 4 inferior product (n.) สินค้าด้อยคุณภาพ He alerted authorities after realizing the company was substituting inferior products for the ones they ordered. 5 substitute goods (n.) สินค้าที่ใช้แทนกัน Butter and margarine are classic examples of substitute goods. 6 complementary goods (n.) สินค้าที่ใช้ร่วมกัน Technology firms that specialize in one product now join forces with other companies that focus on complementary goods or services.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 41 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 7 advertise (v.) โฆษณา He advertises his services on the company notice board. 8 equilibrium (n.) ดุลยภาพ The graph shows the country's economic equilibrium. 9 subsidy (n.) เงินสนับสนุน The government is planning to abolish subsidies to farmers. 10 productivity (n.) ความสามารถ, ในการผลิต Productivity in the steel industry improved by five percent last year. 11 excess demand (n.) อุปสงค์ส่วนเกิน When there is excess demand for housing, house prices rise quickly. 12 excess supply (n.) อุปทานส่วนเกิน They forecast that the world will have an excess supply of 365 million barrels of oil. UNIT 3 : VARIOUS MARKET STRUCTURES No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 imperfect market (n.) ตลาดแข่งขันไม่ สมบูรณ์ Even after privatization, wholesale electricity is an imperfect market wide open to manipulation by the large generators. 2 monopoly (n.) ตลาดผูกขาด The government is determined to protect its tobacco monopoly. 3 oligopoly (n.) ตลาดผู้ขายน้อย ราย Some say that Swedish banking is an oligopoly: the big four banks control 89% of total banking assets. 4 monopolistic competition (n.) ตลาดกึ่งแข่งขันกึ่ง ผูกขาด Heavy advertising and marketing is common among firms in monopolistic competition
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 42 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 5 perfect market (n.) ตลาดแข่งขัน สมบูรณ์ The internet has a big part to play in the creation of a perfect market. 6 homogeneous (adj.) เหมือนกัน The population of the village has remained remarkably homogeneous. UNIT 4 : LABOR MARKET No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 labor market (n.) ตลาดแรงงาน This upward pressure on wages further influences the private sector through the labor market. 2 labor productivity (n.) ความสามารถใน การผลิตของ แรงงาน Growth in labor productivity depends on three main factors: saving and investment in physical capital, new technology, and human capital. 3 marginal product of labor (n.) ผลผลิตหน่วย สุดท้ายแรงงาน In economics, the marginal product of labor is the change in output that results from employing an added unit of labor. 4 human capital (n.) ทุนมนุษย์ The corporation has become so valuable, not because of its fixed assets, but because of the human capital of its software engineers and programmers. 5 average product of labor (n.) ผลผลิตเฉลี่ย แรงงาน The average product of labor gives a general measure of output per worker. 6 labor union (n.) สหภาพแรงงาน The government's proposals have been strongly criticized by labor unions. 7 immigration (n.) การอพยพเข้า There are strict limits on immigration.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 43 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 8 demographic (adj.) เกี่ยวกับเรื่อง ประชากร There have been monumental social and demographic changes in the country. 9 emigration (n.) การอพยพออก Travel and emigration have broadened the mind and brought unparalleled opportunities to countless families. 10 unemployment (n.) การว่างงาน Unemployment has fallen again for the third consecutive month. UNIT 5 : FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND CREDIT MARKETS No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 commercial bank (n.) ธนาคารพาณิชย์ After the crash of 1929, commercial banks were barred from doing investment-banking business. 2 central bank (n.) ธนาคารกลาง Japan's central bank has held its key interest rate unchanged at 0.1%. 3 institution (n.) สถาบัน Harvard University is an internationally respected institution. 4 financial (adj.) การเงิน The company needs more financial assistance from the government. 5 credit market (n.) ตลาดสินเชื่อ Some economists predicted that the tightening credit markets would be a drag on the economy. 6 interest rate (n.) อัตราดอกเบี้ย The National Bank has set the interest rate at 6%. 7 stock exchange (n.) ตลาดหลักทรัพย์ They bought some shares on the London stock exchange.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 44 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 8 insurance (n.) ประกันภัย She was so thankful that she had insurance claim, when she was involved in an accident on holiday. 9 market failure (n.) ความล้มเหลว ของตลาด Protecting car production in the face of market failure has, far from helping them, locked the people of the area into an economy which cannot sustain itself. 10 shortage (n.) การขาดแคลน The government's plan to grow cash crops for export is a double-edged sword because it has created a local food shortage. 11 surplus (n.) ส่วนเกิน We produce enough vegetables for our community, and any surplus is sold to local shops. 12 innovation (n.) นวัตกรรม He says universities should work with the private sector to foster innovation and entrepreneurship. 13 externalities (n.) ภายนอก Governments, through laws and regulations, attempt to transfer the costs of externalities such as pollution back to the responsible parties. 14 merit goods (n.) สินค้าคุณธรรม Merit goods is a products that are more beneficial to the consumers than they themselves realize. 15 demerit goods (n.) สินค้าบาป Demerit goods is a products that are more harmful to the consumers. 16 non - rivalrous (n.) ปราศจากการ แข่งขัน Economists refer to public goods as "non - rivalrous”.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 45 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 17 public goods (n.) สินค้าสาธารณะ There are no public goods or externalities, aside from the inefficiencies due to open access. 18 non - excludable (n.) ไม่สามารถยกเว้น ได้ Some goods or service are freely available to consumer and non-excludable. 19 market power (n.) อำ�ำนาจตลาด Banks can use market power to dominate narrow derivatives markets. 20 provide (v.) จัดหา All meals are provided at no additional cost. UNIT 6 : MEASURES OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION, POVERTY AND WEALTH DISTRIBUTION No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 distribution (n.) การกระจาย There is an uneven distribution of wealth across the country from the north to the south. 2 poverty (n.) ความยากจน The problem of poverty is particularly acute in rural areas. 3 minimum wage (n.) ค่าแรงขั้นต่�่ำำ The new business couldn't afford to pay more than the minimum wage. 4 taxation (n.) การเก็บภาษี Reform of the country's taxation system is high on the Government's economic agenda. 5 direct tax (n.) ภาษีทางตรง The government has lowered direct tax rates for individuals and companies.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 46 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 6 Gini coefficient (n.) ค่าดัชนีทางสถิติที่ ใช้วัดการกระจาย รายได้หรือความ มั่งคั่งของประชากร ในประเทศ The Gini coefficient is based on the comparison of cumulative proportions of the population against cumulative proportions of income they receive. 7 indirect tax (n.) ภาษีทางอ้อม They have created a type of underground economy in order to avoid paying indirect taxes. 8 tax base (n.) ฐานภาษี The city's commercial development will keep the tax base and the economy healthy. 9 tax burden (n.) ภาระภาษี The proposed series of measures would increase the overall tax burden for companies. 10 elasticity (n.) ความยืดหยุ่น This chart shows the relationship between the elasticity and the optimal monopoly price for Windows. UNIT 7 : ECONOMIC GROWTH No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 gross domestic product (n.) ผลิตภัณฑ์มวล รวมภายใน ประเทศ Gross Domestic Product is the total output produced in a country. 2 remittance (n.) การส่งเงิน She sends a small remittance home to her parents each month. 3 intermediate goods (n.) สินค้าขั้นกลาง A substantial proportion of imported raw materials and intermediate goods are sourced in Asia and exported as finished goods to the US and Europe.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 47 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 4 durables goods (n.) สินค้าระยะยาว Factory orders for costly durable goods dropped for a second consecutive month in October. 5 non-durable goods (n.) สินค้าระยะสั้น Job prospects look best in non-durable goods manufacturing and wholesale and retail trade. 6 residential (adj.) ที่อยู่อาศัย The college runs residential courses throughout the summer. 7 inventory (n.) สินค้าคงคลัง Our inventory of used cars is the best in town. 8 export (v.) ส่งออก French cheeses are exported to many different countries. 9 import (v.) นำ�ำเข้า We import a large number of cars from Japan. 10 expenditure (n.) รายจ่าย The government's annual expenditure on arms has been reduced. UNIT 8 : INFLATION AND METHODS TO MEASURE IT No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 inflation (n.) ภาวะเงินเฟ้อ The control of inflation is a key component of the government's economic policy. 2 deflation (n.) ภาวะเงินฝืด He warned that Euro land could sink into deflation unless the central bankers tailored their policies to promote economic growth. 3 consumer price index (n.) ดัชนีราคาผู้บริโภค The consumer price index hit a six-month high in October.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 5 48 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 4 government bond (n.) พันธบัตรรัฐบาล We invested the extra money in government bonds. 5 deposit rate (n.) อัตราดอกเบี้ยเงิน ฝาก Government increase the deposit rate to decrease the inflation. 6 hyperinflation (n.) เงินเฟ้อระดับสูง Economists generally reserve the term “hyperinflation” for cases when the monthly inflation rate reaches over 50 percent. 7 money supply (n.) ปริมาณเงิน Growth in the money supply is no longer a reliable guide to monetary conditions. 8 monetary policy (n.) นโยบายการเงิน He said the Fed would tighten monetary policy. 9 fiscal policy (n.) นโยบายการคลัง A sound fiscal policy aimed at reducing deficits in a sustainable way is necessary to growth and job creation. 10 rediscount rate (n.) อัตรารับซื้อช่วงลด The government change in rediscount rate or bank rate to reduce inflation. UNIT 9 : EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 employment (n.) การจ้างงาน Employment levels are unlikely to rise significantly before the end of next year. 2 full employment (n.) การจ้างงานเต็มที่ These women were born between 1949 and 1957 when there was full employment and social conditions were much better.