MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 49 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND HISTORY UNIT 1 : CIVILIZATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 vast (adj.) ใหญ่โต It contains a vast mixture of races, cultures, and religions. 2 densely (adv.) อย่างหนาแน่น The mountains are densely forested and often infested with malariabearing mosquitoes 3 develop (v.) พัฒนาขึ้น Between 500 and 1500, several organized states developed throughout Southeast Asia 4 adapt (v.) ปรับ, ทำ�ำให้เหมาะ At the same time, they adapted these models to their own needs and created their own unique states. 5 centralized (adj.) ที่รวมศูนย์ Vietnamese rulers realized the advantages of taking over the Chinese model of centralized government. 6 convert (v.) เปลี่ยนแปลง They were converted to Buddhism and borrowed Indian political practices as well. 7 emerge (v.) ปรากฎขึ้น By the fifteenth century, a new state was beginning to emerge in the mainland Southeast Asia. 8 conquest (n.) ชัยชนะ After the Muslim conquest of northern India, Muslim merchant either Arabs or Indian converts had settled in port cities 9 aristocrat (n.) คนชั้นสูง Most aristocrats lived in the major cities of the region.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 50 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 10 counterpart (n.) อีกฝ่าย Most of the societies in Southeast Asia gave greater rights to women than did their counterparts in China and India 11 mass (n.) มวลชน, คนทั่วไป Eventually, Theravada Buddhism became the religion of the masses in much of Southeast Asia. 12 enormous (adj.) ที่ใหญ่มหึมา The construction of Angkor Wat, which took 40 years to complete, required an enormous quantity of stone 13 blend (v.) ผสมผสาน In all Southeast Asian societies, as in China and Japan, old beliefs were blended with those of the new faiths 14 tolerate (v.) เปิดกว้างต่อ Moreover, Theravada Buddhism tolerated local gods and posed no threat to established new faith. UNIT 2 : SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE ERA OF THE SPICE TRADE No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 stable (adj.) มั่นคง In 1500, mainland Southeast Asia was a relatively stable region. 2 gradually (adv.) ค่อยๆ The Vietnamese gradually took control of the Mekong delta which was seized by the Khmer. 3 penetrate (v.) ขยายอิทธิพล The area was gradually penetrated by Muslim merchants who were attracted to the growing spice trade.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 51 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 4 successor (n.) ผู้สืบตำ�ำแหน่ง By 1800, the Khmer monarchy (the successor of the old Angkor kingdom) had virtually disappeared. 5 strategic (adj.) เกี่ยวกับยุทธวิธี หรือกลยุทธ์ Melaka owed its new power to its strategic location as well as to the rapid growth of the spice trade itself. 6 seize (v.) ยึดครอง In 1511, the Portuguese seized Melaka and soon occupied the Moluccas. 7 attract (v.) ดึงดูด Known to Europeans as the Spice Islands, the Moluccas were the chief source of the spices that had originally attracted the Portuguese to the Indian Ocean. 8 consolidate (v.) รวมเป็นหนึ่ง The Dutch also began to consolidate their political and military control over the entire area of the Indonesian archipelago. 9 merchant (n.) พ่อค้า The Europeans merchants set up trading posts in the Malay peninsula and its neighboring islands. 10 threat (n.) การคุกคาม French missionaries tried to stay, but their efforts were blocked by the authorities, who viewed converts to Catholicism as a threat to the prestige of the Vietnamese emperor. 11 realm (n.) ขอบเขต Buddhism has six realms into which a soul can be reborn.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 52 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 12 sacred (adj.) ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ Like Buddhist rulers, Javanese kings were believed to have a sacred quality, and maintained the balance between the sacred and the material world 13 bureaucracy (n.) การปกครองระบบ เจ้าขุนมูลนาย Bureaucracy is a body of nonelected government officials. UNIT 3 : COLONIAL RULE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 phase (n.) ขั้นตอน, ช่วง In the nineteenth century, a new phase of Western expansion into Asia and Africa began. 2 imperialism (n.) ลัทธิจักรวรรดินิยม Imperialism is the extension of a nation’s power over other lands. 3 acquire (v.) ได้รับ As European affairs grew tense, states sought to acquire colonies abroad in order to gain advantage over their rivals. 4 pitiable (adj.) น่าสงสาร, น่าเวทนา Those who fail to participate in this great rivalry will play a pitiable role in time to come. 5 erroneously (adj.) อย่างเข้าใจผิด Racists erroneously believe that particular races are superior or inferior. 6 humanitarian (adj.) มีมนุษยธรรม Some Europeans took a more religious and humanitarian approach to imperialism.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 53 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 7 evident (adj.) ปรากฏชัด, ชัดเจน The new imperialism of the late nineteenth century was evident in Southeast Asia. 8 steamship (n.) เรือกลไฟ In the new age of steamships, Singapore soon became a major stopping point for traffic going to or from China. 9 frontier (n.) ชายแดน The difficult terrain along the frontier between Burma and China caused all their efforts to fail. 10 territory (n.) อาณาเขต The French eventually succeeded in making the Vietnamese ruler give up territories in the Mekong River delta 11 remarkable (adj.) เด่น, น่าจดจำ�ำ Two remarkable rulers were able to prevent imperialism from happening in Siam. 12 buffer state (n.) รัฐกันชน In 1896, Britain and France agreed to maintain Thailand as an independent buffer state between their possessions in Southeast Asia. 13 obligation (n.) สัญญาผูกมัด Believing it was his moral obligation to “civilize” other parts of the world, President William McKinley decided to turn the Philippines as its colony. 14 revolt (n.) ปฏิวัติ He began his revolt against the Spanish. 15 peasant (n.) ชาวนา Sometimes, resistance to Western control took the form of peasant revolts.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 54 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND UNIT 4 : INDEPENDENT STATES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 independence (n.) ความเป็นอิสระ, อิสรภาพ After World War II, most of the states of Southeast Asia received independence from their colonial rulers. 2 refusal (n.) คำ�ำปฏิเสธ France’s refusal to let go of Indochina led to a long war in Vietnam. 3 abandon (v.) สละ The Netherlands and France were less willing to abandon their colonial empires in Southeast Asia. 4 suppress (v.) หยุดยั้ง The Dutch tried to suppress a new Indonesian republic that had been set up by Achmed Sukarno. 5 alliance (n.) พันธมิตร In August 1945, the Vietminh, an alliance of forces under Communist leadership, seized power throughout most of Vietnam. 6 guerrilla (n.) กองโจร, กองกำ�ำลัง South Vietnamese Communist guerrillas known as Viet Cong had territorial advantage than the US troops. 7 troop (n.) กองทหาร In March 1965, President Lyndon Johnson decided to send U.S. troops to South Vietnam to prevent a total victory of the Communists. 8 stalemate (n.) การคุมเชิงกันอยู่ By the end of the 1960s, the war had reached a stalemate neither side was able to make significant gains. 9 reunification (n.) การรวมตัวกันใหม่ (หลังจากแบ่งแยก) The reunification of Vietnam under Communist rule had an immediate impact on the region.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 55 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 10 brutal (adj.) โหดร้าย In Cambodia, a brutal revolutionary regime under the dictator Pol Pot arose after World War II. 11 revolutionary regime (n.) ระบอบปฏิวัติ In Cambodia, a brutal revolutionary regime under the dictator Pol Pot arose. 12 dispute (n.) ความขัดแย้ง Internal disputes within the new countries weakened democratic governments. 13 fraud (n.) การคดโกง Fraud and corruption became widespread in the Marcos regime. 14 autocratic (adj.) ที่มีอำ�ำนาจเด็ดขาด The new countries weakened democratic governments, and opened the door to both military and one-party autocratic regimes. 15 uprising (n.) การปฏิวัติ A massive public uprising forced Marcos to flee the country.
OCCUPATION
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 57 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND VOCABULARY OCCUPATION COMPUTER No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 connector (n.) ตัวเชื่อมต่อ Connector attachment confirmed. 2 adapt (v.) ดัดแปลงมาเพื่อให้ เหมาะสม Sometimes you need to adapt an idea to work better. 3 reset (v.) ตั้งใหม่ Shut down all power circuits to reset the coordinates. 4 battery (n.) ถ่านไฟฟ้า When your remote has a dead battery, you don’t replace it with another dead battery. 5 command (n.) คำ�ำสั่ง Computers are machines. If you want them to do something, you must give them a command to follow. 6 processor (n.) ตัวประมวลผล Compared to a computer, a word processor has a single purpose. 7 default (n.) ค่าเริ่มต้น Unless you’ve changed the settings, your phone should still have the factory default settings. 8 accessories (n.) อุปกรณ์เสริม I bought an iMac with its accessories. 9 energy (n.) พลังงาน Computers will save you much time and energy when you deal with figures and graphs.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 58 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 10 browser (n.) โปรแกรมสืบค้น ข้อมูลบนอินเตอร์ เนต I switch on my laptop, start up the browser, and type in the address I've already learnt by heart. 11 sensor (n.) ตัวตรวจจับ A laser sensor was placed on the door. 12 trading (n.) การประกอบการ ค้า Global markets are panicked in early trading this morning in response to the crisis in Central Park. 13 manufacturing (n.) อุตสาหกรรมการ ผลิต Car manufacturing is carried out by computer-programmed robots in place of human workers. 14 occupation (n.) อาชีพ Don't discriminate against people based on nationality, gender, or occupation. 15 computerized (adj.) ทำ�ำงานโดยระบบ คอมพิวเตอร์ The computerized dog robot can even lift its legs. 16 antenna (n.) สายอากาศ The systems administrator tried to install his own antenna. 17 download (v.) การถ่ายหรือบรรจุ ข้อมูลที่เก็บไว้ใน หน่วยเก็บของ คอมพิวเตอร์ เครื่องใหญ่ I already downloaded the card onto my laptop. 18 integrate (v.) รวมกัน We have to integrate the features of several phones and create the ultimate phone. 19 generation (n.) รุ่น I believe the next generation of phones will be amazing.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 59 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 20 advantage (n.) ความได้เปรียบ Having an advantage can make it more likely for you to succeed. TECHNOLOGY No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 1 mechanism (n.) กลไก,ชิ้นส่วน เครื่องจักร These automatic cameras have a special focusing mechanism. 2 voltage (n.) ความต่างศักย์, แรงดันไฟฟ้า The increase of voltage resulted in a sharp increase of the radiation power. 3 pulley (n.) รอก The blocks of stone had to be lifted into position with a system of pulleys. 4 current (n.) กระแส Switch off the electric current before changing the bulb. 5 electricity (n.) ไฟฟ้า Underground cables carry electricity to all parts of the city. 6 conductor (n.) ตัวนำ�ำไฟฟ้า Metal is a good conductor of heat. 7 insulator (n.) ฉนวนไฟฟ้า Generally, plastics tend to be good insulators. 8 circuit (n.) วงจร A defect was found in the watercooling/electrical circuit. 9 blender (n.) เครื่องปั่นน้�้ำำผลไม้ The dried plant parts were milled to a fine powder using an electric blender. 10 outlet (n.) เต้ารับ A device connected to the electricity system that a plug fits into a wall is called outlet. 11 charge (v.) ประจุไฟฟ้า She drove the car round the block to charge its batteries.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 60 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND No. Vocabulary & Parts of speech Thai Definition Sentence 12 sensor (n.) อุปกรณ์ตรวจจับ The security device has a heat sensor which detects the presence of people and animals. 13 rigidity (n.) ความแข็งแกร่ง The roof has special beams to increase rigidity. 14 stable (adj.) มีเสถียรภาพ If the foundations of the house aren't stable, collapse is possible. 15 transformer (n.) หม้อแปลง Wire the fan and a 12-volt transformer to the light switch. 16 adapter (n.) อุปกรณ์แปลง The voltage is usually 220v, and we recommend that you take a universal plug adapter for electrical appliances. 17 port (n.) ช่องต่อ A DVI monitor port lets you connect a digital LCD monitor. 18 plier (n.) คีม Pliers consist of a pair of metal first-class levers joined at a fulcrum positioned closer to one end of the levers. 19 tool (n.) เครื่องมือ A hammer is a simple tool. 20 material (n.) วัสดุ Clay is a plastic material.
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 61 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND MEMO
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 62 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND MEMO
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 63 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND MEMO
MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY SECONDARY 1 64 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND MEMO