My World of Vocabulary 2022 M4

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

79 sedimentary rock หินตะกอนหรือ Sedimentary rocks are often
(n.) หนิ ชั้น deposited in layers, and frequently
contain fossils.

80 metamorphic หินแปร A metamorphic rock is a type of rock
rock (n.) which has been changed by extreme
heat and pressure.

81 cementation (n.) กระบวนการเชื่อม Cementation is the last stage in the
ประสาน formation of a sedimentary rock.

82 compaction (n.) การอดั แนน่ Compaction is what happens when
something is crushed or compressed.

83 lithification (n.) กระบวนการกลาย Lithification is a process of porosity
เปน็ หนิ destruction through compaction and
cementation.

84 precipitation (n.) การตกตะกอน The emergence of the insoluble solid
from solution is called precipitation.

85 foliation (n.) การเกดิ ร้วิ ขนาน Foliation in geology refers to repetitive
layering in metamorphic rocks

contact การแปรสภาพ Contact metamorphism is the name
86 metamorphism สัมผัส given to the changes that take place
when magma is injected in the
(n.) surrounding solid rock (country rock).

regional การแปรสภาพ Regional metamorphism occurs when
87 metamorphism บริเวณไฟศาล rocks are buried deep in the crust.

(n.)

88 fossil (n.) Fossils are part of a plant or animal,
ซากดกึ ดำ� บรรพ์ or its shape, that has been preserved

in rock or earth for a very long period

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MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

89 fossilization (n.) กรบวนการเกดิ Fossilization often results in the
ซากดกึ ดำ� บรรพ์ impression of an organism being left
in a rock.

90 index fossil (n.) ดัชนี Index fossil is the fossil that is useful
ซากดึกด�ำบรรพ์ for dating and correlating the strata in
which it is found.

living fossil is an organism (such as a
horseshoe crab or a ginkgo tree) that
91 living fossil (n.) ซากดกึ ด�ำบรรพ์ที่ has remained essentially unchanged
มีชวี ติ from earlier geologic times and whose

close relatives are usually extinct

92 cast (n.) รปู พมิ พ์ An example of a cast fossil is a cast
of a plant leave or trilobite.

93 mold (n.) แบบพมิ พ์ Mold is a hollow container used to
give shape to molten or hot liquid
material (such as wax or metal) when
it cools and hardens.

94 Perminerali- กระบวนการเกิดแร่ Permineralization is a process of
zation (n.) ในช่องว่างของ fossilization in which mineral deposits
ซากดกึ ดำ� บรรพ์ form internal casts of organisms.

ซากดกึ ดำ� บรรพ์ Most body fossils are of hard parts
95 body fossil (n.) เปน็ รปู รา่ งของสงิ่ such as teeth, bones, shells, or woody

มีชีวติ trunks, branches, and stems.

96 trace fossil (n.) ซากดึกดำ� บรรพ์ Trace fossils provide us with indirect
ร่องรอยของส่ิงมี evidence of life in the past, such as
ชวี ิต the footprints, tracks, burrows, borings,
and feces left behind by animals.

97 extinction (n.) การสญู พนั ธ์ Extinction is part of evolution.

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MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

98 superposition (n.) การซ้อนทับ Principle of Superposition stats that in
an undisturbed sequence of strata,
the rocks on the bottom are older than
the rocks on the top.

99 relative age (n.) อายขุ องชั้นหนิ ท่ี The relative age of a rock is its age in
เกิดจากการเปรยี บ comparison with other rocks.
เทยี บ

100 absolute age (n.) อายุทแี่ ท้จรงิ ของ The absolute age of an Earth material
ช้นั หนิ is a measure of how old it actually is
in years.

101 half life (n.) คร่งึ ชวี ิต Scientists measure the rate of radio-
active decay with a unit called half-
life.

102 varve (n.) A varve is a pair of sedimentary
ชนั้ ของตะกอน layers deposited in lakes by water that

has melted from a glacier.

103 tree ring (n.) วงปี Tree ring patterns provide clues about
climates of the past.

51 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

SOCIAL STUDIES

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

VOCABULARY

SOCIAL STUDIES

UNIT 1 : JUDAISM

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

1 monotheistic เกยี่ วกับความเชื่อ Monotheistic belief system usually
(adj.) ว่าพระเจา้ มีองค์ viewed upon believing in one god or
เดยี ว deity.

2 transcendent The star player's transcendent
(adj.) เหนอื ธรรมชาติ performance helped the team to a

surprise victory.

3 accordance (n.) การท�ำให้ In accordance with the school’s
สอดคลอ้ ง policies, The students are supposed
to have short hair.

4 scriptures (n.) คัมภีร์ According to Holy Scripture, God
created the world in six days.

5 rabbinic (adj.) เกยี่ วกบั กฎหมาย However, the closest and most
ยวิ relevant parallel may be found in
rabbinic literature.

6 innumerable ซง่ึ นบั ไม่ถ้วน The project has been delayed by
(adj.) innumerable problems.

Her musical gifts are a kind of
7 ancestral (adj.) ท่ีได้จากบรรพบรุ ษุ ancestral heritage passed to her from

her grandmother.

8 primal (adj.) ท่มี มี าดง้ั เดมิ The universe evolved from a densely
packed primal inferno.

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MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

9 affirmation (n.) การยนื ยัน We welcome the government's
affirmation of its intention to act.

10 divine (adj.) เก่ียวกบั สวรรค์ Some fans seem to regard the players
11 intimate (adj.) คนุ้ เคย as divine beings.
The dining room is plush and intimate,
set off by some of the most extravagant
floral arrangements in the city.

12 disclosure (n.) การเปดิ เผย Any public disclosure of this
13 presence (n.) การประพฤติตวั information would be very damaging
to the company.
She was overawed by the presence
of so many people.

14 unique (adj.) แตกตา่ ง, โดดเด่น Each person's genetic code is unique
except in the case of identical twins.

อ�ำนาจสูงสุดใน The sovereignty of the Native
15 sovereignty (n.) การปกครอง Hawaiian race was recognized at the

ประเทศ time Hawaii became a state.

16 covenant (n.) ข้อตกลงรว่ มกัน Covenants in the ancient world were
solemn agreements

17 obedience (n.) อ่อนน้อม He demands unquestioning
obedience from his soldiers.
18 summons (n.) การออกหมาย Mr Clarke's insurance company had
เรยี ก issued summons for unpaid mortgage
loan.
19 concrete (n.) คอนกรีต The bomb shelter has concrete walls
that are three metres thick.

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MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

20 intimate (adj.) คุน้ เคย The father of three children by three
women doesn't have a girlfriend and
says he hasn't been intimate with
anyone in two months.

UNIT 2 : ISLAM Sentence

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition

1 promulgate (v.) ประกาศใช้ The new law was finally promulgated
in the autumn of last year.

2 illuminate (v.) ท�ำใหส้ ว่าง The streets were illuminated with
strings of coloured lights.

3 fundamental (n.) รากฐาน We need to make fundamental
changes to the way in which we treat
our environment.

4 consummate ทเ่ี ช่ยี วชาญ He lives a life of consummate
(adj.) happiness

Monotheism characterizes the
ความเชอ่ื ว่า traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and
5 monotheism (n.) พระเจ้ามีองค์เดยี ว Islam, and elements of the belief are

discernible in numerous other religions

6 adherence (n.) การยดึ มั่น He was noted for his strict adherence
to the rules.

7 sectarian (adj.) เกีย่ วกับนกิ าย He called on terrorists on both sides
ยอ่ ยๆ ในศาสนา of the sectarian divide to end the
cycle of violence.

8 nascent (adj.) พึง่ เรมิ่ ใหม่ He has established a nascent political
party.

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MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

9 conspicuous ท่ีเห็นไดช้ ัดเจน In China, her blonde hair was
(adj.) conspicuous.

socioeconomic College Board officials said the
(adj.) difficulties arise more from
10 เศรษฐกจิ เชงิ สงั คม socioeconomic than from ethnic

differences.

11 ethos (n.) ลกั ษณะพืน้ ฐาน The ethos of the traditional family firm
ทางดา้ นสังคมท่ีมี is being threatened.
รว่ มกนั ของกลมุ่ คน

We live in an increasingly secular
12 secular (adj.) เก่ียวกบั ทางโลก society, in which religion has less

influence on our daily lives.

13 distinguish (v.) จ�ำแนกความ It is not easy to distinguish Thai from
แตกต่าง Filipinos.

The government has set up a
14 commission (n.) คณะกรรมการ commission to investigate the

problem of inner city violence.

15 astonish (v.) ท�ำให้ประหลาดใจ I was astonished by how much she'd
grown.

16 egalitarianism (n.) ลทั ธคิ วามเสมอภาค Some people believe in egalitarianism.

17 discrimination การแบง่ แยก Until 1986 most companies would not
(n.) even allow women to take the exams,
but such blatant discrimination is now
disappearing.

18 autonomy (n.) การปกครอง The universities want to preserve their
ตนเอง autonomy from central government.

19 inaugurated (v.) เริม่ ต้น The new building was inaugurated
last week.

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MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

20 catalytic (adj.) เกย่ี วกับการเรง่ The compounds are formed through a
catalytic reaction called oxidation.

UNIT 3 : CHRISTIANITY

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

1 constituency (n.) ผูท้ ่ีมีสิทธเิ ลอื กตง้ั He angered his constituency by voting
ในเขตเลอื กตัง้ against the bill.

Christology is the part of theology that
is concerned with the nature and work
of Jesus, including such matters as
2 christology (n.) คริสต์ศาสนาวทิ ยา the Incarnation, the Resurrection, and

his human and divine natures and
their relationship.

3 denominational เกีย่ วกบั การตัง้ ชื่อ, A religious denomination is a subgroup
(adj.) เก่ียวกับนกิ าย within a religion that operates under a
common name, tradition, and identity.

4 transcend (v.) อยูเ่ หนอื The best films are those which
transcend national or cultural barriers.

5 charismatic (adj.) ท่มี ีเสนห่ ์ดงึ ดูด Few were able to resist this charismatic
and persuasive leader.

She claimed that the rise in
manifestations การแสดงให้เหน็ unemployment was just a further
6 (n.) อย่างเด่นชัด manifestation of the government's

incompetence.

7 outreach (n.) การเผยแพร่ The centre was awarded a grant for
outreach to the homeless.

8 testament (n.) หนงั สือพระคัมภีร์ The detail of her wildlife paintings is a
testament to her powers of observation.

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MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

9 artifacts (n.) สง่ิ เทียม The museum has artifacts dating back
to prehistoric times.

10 merely (adv.) เพยี งเทา่ น้ัน I wasn't complaining, It was merely
the expression of being tired.

11 polytheism (n.) พหเุ ทวนิยม Sometimes above the many gods a
polytheistic religion will have a
supreme creator and focus of devotion,
as in certain phases of Hinduism.

12 salvation (n.) ความหลดุ พ้น, Salvation by faith through grace is the
การไถบ่ าป fundamental belief of Christians.

13 redemption (n.) การไถ่ถอน Redemption from the evil bonds and
setting our souls free is a priority for
believers.

14 plight (n.) สภาพเลวร้าย The plight of the poor/homeless is
increasing day by day.

15 intrinsic (adj.) เนอื้ แท้, แทจ้ รงิ , Maths is an intrinsic part of the school
ทอี่ ย่ภู ายใน curriculum.

16 devotees (n.) ผ้อู ทุ ศิ ตวั He is a great devotee of the prime
minister.

17 salivate (v.) ทำ� ให้นำ้� ลายออก The dog was salivating.

18 gospels (n.) ค�ำสอนของพระ Gospels can also mean god stories.
เยซู

19 primitive (adj.) แบบดงั้ เดมิ Primitive races colonized these
islands 2,000 years ago.

20 metaphor (n.) คำ� อปุ มา Metaphor and simile are the most
commonly used figures of speech in
everyday language.

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MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

GEOGRAPHY

UNIT 1 Sentence

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition

1 visible (adj.) ท่ีสามารถมองเห็น You should wear some light-coloured
ได้ clothes when you're cycling at night
so that you're more visible.

At least three aspects of philosophical
2 anthropology (n.) มานุษยวทิ ยา anthropology have been of prime

interest to philosophers of religion.

3 classify (v.) จดั กลุ่ม A screen-printing firm can have as
many as 500 employees and still be
classified as a small business.

4 several (adj.) หลากหลาย We are striving to reach an
agreement which will satisfy the
several interests of the parties
concerned.

5 extensive (adj.) กวา้ งขวาง Elections may be nominally free, but
governments engage in extensive
gerrymandering, manipulation of
voter registration and harassment of
opposition parties.

6 landform (n.) ธรณสี ณั ฐาน The differentiating criterion is the
extension of surface vestiges and the
different possible landform
transformations.

7 settlement (n.) การจดั การ It now seems unlikely that it will be
possible to negotiate/reach a peaceful
settlement of the conflict.

8 withstand (v.) ทนตอ่ The bridge is designed to withstand
earthquakes.

59 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

9 fossil (n.) ซากพชื หรอื สตั ว์ที่ Chitinozoans and a few graptolites
เปน็ หนิ were found in the unit, but no other
fossils.

10 mineral (n.) แร่ A healthy diet should supply all
necessary vitamins and minerals.

11 cereal (n.) ธญั พืช Do you want cereal or eggs?

12 suitability (n.) ความคู่ควร, There were doubts about his
suitability for the job.

13 interaction (n.) ปฏกิ ิริยา There's not enough interaction
between the management and the
workers.

14 mountainous ที่เปน็ ภูเขาสูง This area is mountainous region.
(adj.)

15 deposition (n.) การทับถมกันของ Before the court case, we had to give
สสาร a deposition.

16 adequate (adj.) พอ Have we got adequate food for 20
guests?

17 prominent (adj.) ทย่ี ื่นออกมา The government should be playing a
more prominent role in promoting
human rights.

18 moisture (adj.) ความช้ืน These plants need a rich soil that
retains moisture.

19 legend (n.) ตำ� นาน The dance was based on several
Hindu legends.

20 mangrove (n.) พชื ชายเลน Many habitats such as mangroves
and wetlands are disappearing fast.

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SECONDARY 4

UNIT 2

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

1 peninsula (n.) คาบสมทุ ร There is a twelve-fold difference in
precipitation across the peninsula
region.

2 onshore (adj.) ทอ่ี ย่บู นฝั่ง The strict regulations imposed by
onshore banks make tax evasion
difficult.

There has been a significant increase
3 significant (adj.) ซึ่งมคี วามหมาย in the number of women students in

recent years.

4 dwarf (adj.) ทีแ่ คระแกร็น You can grow dwarf conifers in pots
on the patio.

5 harsh (adj.) กระดา้ ง The arithmetic was sufficiently
unfavorable, even in the short term,
certain harsh measures were required.

6 tundra (n.) ท่ีราบท่ีไม่มีต้นไม้ How will the tundra-taiga interface
ในขัว้ โลกเหนอื respond to climate change?

7 polar (adj.) Three polar assumptions about
เก่ียวกับขั้วโลก economic openness are successively

handled.

8 shrubs (n.) ไม้พุม่ Shrubs are usually seen during dry
season due to lack of rainfall.

9 farther (adj.) ไกลออกไปอีก The distance is much farther than I
expected.

10 taiga (n.) ป่าสนผลดั ใบ Four patterns are discerned here in
the cycle of the northern biotype in
the zones of tundra and taiga.

11 possess (v.) เปน็ เจา้ ของ She was possessed by the devil.

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MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

12 grassy (adj.) ซง่ึ ปกคลุมด้วย Only a small area was affordable and
หญ้า is used to line the grassy courtyard.

13 erosion (n.) การกดั กรอ่ น Heavy rainfall and harsh weather
conditions contribute to soil erosion
from time to time.

14 ancient (adj.) เกา่ The ancient structures and
monuments stand as a witness for
the glorious past.

15 sedimentation การทบั ถมของ Sedimentation of the coal-bearing
(n.) ตะกอนเปน็ ชั้นหนิ succession was controlled by both
autogenic and allogenic factors.

16 marsh (n.) แอง่ น้ำ� The marshes along the coast are
home to many shorebirds.

The belt of coniferous forest is
17 coniferous (adj.) เกีย่ วกับตน้ สน dominated by evergreen pine, spruce,

larch and fir trees.

18 deciduous (adj.) ซ่งึ ผลดั ใบ The semi-deciduous forest canopy in
the area is c. 35 - 40 m high.

19 coastal (adj.) ท่ีใกล้ชายฝั่ง The introduction of modern machines
has improved the effectiveness of
coastal rice-growing technology.

20 glacier (n.) ธารนำ้� แขง็ Nearly 50% of the shoreline is
dominated by the caving ice fronts of
the large outlet glaciers.

UNIT 3

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

1 rear (adj.) หลงั There's a sticker on the rear window.

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SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

2 plateau (n.) ที่ราบสงู Most of the plateau region is dry and
less vegetative.

The meteorology department has
3 meteorology (n.) อตุ ุนิยมวทิ ยา updated the weather forecast an

hour ago.

4 archaeology (n.) โบราณคดี We both studied archaeology at
university before coming to work at
the museum.

5 geological (adj.) เกย่ี วกบั ธรณวี ทิ ยา, The complex geological structure of
ทางธรณวี ทิ ยา the region is clarified.

6 combination (n.) การรวมกัน Strawberries and cream - a perfect
combination.

7 invaluable (adj.) ซ่งึ ประมาณคา่ มิได้ The new job will provide you with
invaluable experience.

8 urban (adj.) เก่ียวกบั เมอื ง The council is committed to a
program of urban regeneration.

9 grid lines (n.) การแสดงขอ้ มลู
เป็นตารางกรดิ ใน High voltage Grid lines are usually
แบบแปลนปลายข connected away from densely
องเสน้ กริดเสาเปน็ populated areas.
วงกลม

10 vertical (adj.) ซึง่ ตงั้ ตรง She looked over the slope and found
she was standing at the edge of a
vertical cliff.

11 directional เครอ่ื งหมาย Directional indicator is a symbol that
indicator (n.) บอกทศิ indicates direction on a map with
arms that point to the cardinal and
intermediate

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MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

12 horizontal (adj.) ตามแนวนอน Draw a horizontal line across the
bottom of the page.

An overhead power line is a structure
สัญลกั ษณ์บอกเส้น used in electric power transmission
13 power line (adj.) ระบบไฟฟ้า and distribution to transmit electrical

energy across large distances.

14 abbreviation (n.) การยอ่ There is a list of abbreviations printed
in the last page of the book.

15 contour (adj.) ตามรปู ร่างของพ้นื The rugged contour of the coast is
ดนิ pointed in the map.

16 trigonometric เก่ียวกับวิชา This calculator performs scientific,
(adj.) ตรโี กณมิติ statistical, and trigonometric
calculations.

17 meridian (n.) เส้นวงกลมท่ลี าก The prime meridian of longitude
ผ่านขวั้ โลกเหนอื passes through Greenwich, London.
และใตต้ ามยาว

18 hemisphere (n.) ซกี โลก There are northern and southern
hemispheres.

19 calculate (v.) คาดการณ์วา่ The new tax system would be
calculated on the value of property
owned by an individual.

20 cultivate (v.) เพาะปลูก The villagers cultivate mostly maize
and beans.

UNIT 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

1 burden (n.) ภาระ The war had put a monumental
financial burden on the country.

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SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

2 crime (n.) อาชญากรรม I’ve admitted committing several
crimes, including fraud.

3 overcrowding (n.) ความแออัด Overcrowding in classrooms is an
ยดั เยยี ด important issue in this election.

4 explosion (n.) การระเบดิ The fire was thought to have been
caused by a gas explosion.

5 access (v.) เขา้ It is too difficult for anyone using a
wheelchair to access the building.

6 justice (n.) ความถูกต้องตาม There's no justice in the world when
กฎหมาย people can be made to suffer like that.

7 tension (n.) ความเครียด You could feel the tension in the room
as we waited for our exam results.

8 adequate (adj.) พอเพียง Without the adequate provision for
childcare, many women who wish to
work are unable to do so.

9 sanitation (n.) สุขอนามยั Many illnesses in these temporary
refugee camps are the result of
inadequate sanitation.

10 hygiene (n.) สุขลักษณะ She is obsessed with personal
hygiene and washes constantly.

11 densely (adv.) หนาแนน่ Mexico City is one of the most
densely populated cities in the world.

12 contagious (adj.) ซงึ่ แพรก่ ระจาย The infection is highly contagious, so
ไดง้ ่าย don't let anyone else use your towel.

13 shelter (n.) ทพ่ี กั They opened a shelter to provide
temporary housing for the city's
homeless.

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SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

14 orphan (n.) เดก็ ก�ำพร้า The civil war is making orphans of
many children.

15 mule (n.) คนหัวดือ้ These very poor women who are used
as mules by drug barons often get
long prison sentences.

16 smuggle (v.) ลักลอบน�ำเขา้ They managed to smuggle a video of
the captive journalists out of the prison.

17 prostitution (n.) การค้าประเวณี Prostitution is a gendered, sexualized,
and racialized labor system.

Pornography is the portrayal of sexual
18 pornography (n.) เรื่องเร้ากามารมณ์ subject matter for the exclusive

purpose of sexual arousal.

19 prescribe (v.) แนะนำ� , ก�ำหนด The doctor prescribed some medicine
and told her to have a week's rest.

20 literacy (n.) การอ่านออกเขยี น Far more resources are needed to
ได้ improve adult literacy.

UNIT 5 Sentence

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition

1 feudalism (n.) ระบบศักดนิ า He furthered some of the ideals of the
French Revolution by abolishing
feudalism.

2 duke (n.) ขุนนางชั้นสงู ของ They trace their line of descent back
องั กฤษ to a French duke.

3 originate (v.) ก�ำเนิดขนึ้ The game is thought to have
originated among the native of Alaska.

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MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

4 brook (n.) ลำ� หว้ ย I could hear the sound of a babbling
brook.

5 tributary (n.) แม่นำ�้ สายยอ่ ย The Missouri River is a tributary of
the Mississippi River.

6 elevation (n.) การยกให้สงู ขึ้น This plan shows the front, side, and
back elevations of the new supermarket.

7 erode (v.) กร่อน The cliffs are eroding several feet a
year.

8 riverbed (n.) Lots of soft soil is collected in the
ทางท่ีน้ำ� ไหลผ่าน riverbeds during dry season which

helps farmers for short term cultivation.

9 meander (v.) ไหลคดเคี้ยว, We spent the afternoon meandering
วกเวยี น around the streets of the old town.

10 debris (n.) ขยะ, Debris from the aircraft was scattered
ซากปรกั หกั พัง over a large area.

11 grit (n.) กรวด The road had been covered with grit.

12 drainage (n.) การระบายน้ำ� The swamp has poor drainage
throughout.

13 dendrite (n.) แตกแขนง The neurons had conical somas with
well-defined networks of neurites and
dendrites extending from the cell body.

14 basin (n.) อา่ งนำ้� The central river basins and the great
plains of Europe serve as the
breadbasket for the whole continent.

15 folklore (n.) ประเพณีเกย่ี วกับ Her books are often based on
ขนบพนื้ บา้ น folklore and fairy-tales.

67 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

16 paddy (n.) นาขา้ ว Asia’s paddy fields produce large
quantity of grains than any place in
the world.

17 perishable (adj.) เนา่ เป่อื ยไดง้ า่ ย It's important to store perishable food
in a cool place.

18 livestock (n.) ปศุสัตว์ On the outskirts of the bazaar,
livestock dealers lead their swarming
herds along narrow village paths lined
by millet-stalk fences.

19 expanse (n.) พนื้ ทก่ี วา้ ง The Great Plains are a broad
expanse of grassland.

20 levee (n.) Much of the city was under water
เขอ่ื นก้นั น้�ำท่วม after floods broke levees and forced

the evacuation of 50,000 people.

UNIT 6

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

1 plateau (n.) ท่รี าบสูง A plateau is a high flat land which
runs through several miles.

2 topography (n.) การทำ� แผนท่ี Volcanoes have sculpted the
topography of the island.

3 tableland (n.) ทรี่ าบสงู A tableland is a butte, flank of a
mountain, or mountain, that has
a flat top.

4 harvest (n.) การเกบ็ เกยี่ ว We picked the corn that had been
missed during harvest.

5 accumulation (n.) การรวมตวั กนั We have an accumulation of junk
ข้ึนมา over the years.

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SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

6 shrimp (n.) กงุ้ Shrimps are decapod crustaceans
with elongated bodies and a primarily
swimming mode of locomotion - most
commonly Caridea and
Dendrobranchiata.

7 deforestation (n.) การตัดไมท้ ำ� ลาย Deforestation is destroying large
ปา่ areas of tropical rainforest.

8 pesticide (n.) ยาฆา่ แมลง The pesticides that farmers spray on
their crops kill pests, but they can
also damage people's health.

9 depletion (n.) การทำ� ใหห้ มดสนิ้ Acid rain depletes the region’s fish
stocks.

10 Styrofoam (n.) โฟม Styrofoam is a trademarked brand of
closed-cell extruded polystyrene foam
(XPS), commonly called "Blue Board".

11 oilfield (n.) บอ่ นำ้� มนั The Arabian oilfields supply more
crude oil to the world than any other
country.

12 drill (v.) เจาะ The teacher drills them in arithmetic
every day.

13 hazard (v.) อนั ตราย She wouldn’t hazard a guess about
the meaning of the word.

14 aerosol (n.) ละอองของเหลว The gasses used in aerosols were
damaging the atmosphere.

15 contaminant (n.) สิง่ ปนเป้ือน High levels of contaminants have
been found in the groundwater,
causing concernsabout possible
health risks to nearby neighborhoods.

69 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

ออกไซดท์ มี่ ี Peroxide is a bleach and an
16 peroxide (n.) ออกซิเจน 2 antiseptic.

อะตอม

Hydrosulfite is a white crystalline
powder with a weak sulfurous odor.
17 hydrosulfite (n.) สารเคมีที่ใช้มาท�ำ Although it is stable in the absence of
สารฟอกขาว air, it decomposes in hot water and in

acid solutions.

18 devastated (adj.) ท�ำลายลา้ ง I was so devastated and I was crying
constantly.

19 endanger (v.) ถกู คกุ คาม Revealing that information might
endanger our national security.

20 maginificent อลงั การ New Orleans is famous for its
(adj.) magnificent old oak trees.

UNIT 7

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

1 advancement การเคล่ือนไปข้าง All she was interested in was the
(n.) หน้า advancement of her own career.

Irrigation is the application of
2 irrigation (n.) การชลประทาน controlled amounts of water to plants

at needed intervals.

3 preservation (n.) การสงวน Janet is very interested in historic
preservation.

4 charter (n.) กฎบัตร The United Nations charter sets forth
goals we all admire.

5 drift (n.) กองดิน He stopped rowing and let the boat
drift.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND 70

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

6 swamp (n.) หนองน้ำ� Alligators live in these swamps.

7 exotic (adj.) มาจากแหลง่ อนื่ Exotic pets like snakes and tropical
birds.

8 creature (n.) สง่ิ มีชีวติ It seems clear to me that people are
creatures of emotion.

9 perspective (n.) มมุ มอง He brings a new perspective to the job.

10 drastic (adj.) รนุ แรงมาก In the desert there’s a drastic change
in temperature from day to night.

11 crust (n.) คลุมด้วยเปลอื ก The crust is the outermost solid shell
แขง็ of a rocky planet, dwarf planet, or
natural satellite.

12 reservoir (n.) อ่างเก็บน�้ำ A reservoir is also a large supply of
water that could be used if needed.

13 alter (v.) เปลยี่ น The coat was too long, so I took it
back to the store to have it altered.

14 satellite (n.) ดาวเทยี ม The moon is a natural satellite of the
earth.

15 meteorologist An approximation to the former type
(n.) นักอุตนุ ิยมวิทยา of body is found in the cup of the

meteorologist's anemometer.

16 velocity (n.) อัตราความเรว็ The wind velocity recorded at the
airport was 78 miles per hour at 4 p.m.

17 evaporation (n.) การระเหย Ice cover prevents evaporation of
water from the lake surface.

18 withstand (v.) ขานตอ่ The building has to be strong enough
to withstand severe winds and storms.

71 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

19 microorganism สิ่งมีชวี ติ ขนาดเลก็ One could hypothesize the existence
(n.) ทมี่ องไม่เหน็ ได้ of microorganisms that can tolerate
ดว้ ยตาเปลา่ this level of sulphuric acid that have
not yet been discovered.

20 precautionary ป้องกันไวก้ ่อน The company has withdrawn the drug
(adj.) from the market as a precautionary
measure.

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SECONDARY 4

TAKE UP ONE IDEA.
MAKE THAT ONE IDEA YOUR
LIFE - THINK OF IT, DREAM OF IT,
LIVE ON THAT IDEA. LET THE BRAIN,
MUSCLES, NERVES, EVERY PART OF
YOUR BODY, BE FULL OF THAT IDEA,
AND JUST LEAVE EVERY OTHER IDEA
ALONE. THIS IS THE WAY TO SUCCESS.

73 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

O C C U PAT I O N

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

VOCABULARY

OCCUPATION

UNIT 1-3 : DESIGN TECHNOLOGY AND GRAPHIC DESIGN

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

1 bradawl (n.) เหล็กส�ำหรบั เจาะรู The bradawl is then twisted through
เพือ่ ตอกตะปูไรห้ ัว 90 degrees which displaces the fibers
creating a hole.

2 oscillator (n.) เคร่อื งก่อกระแสไฟ There are oscillators in computers,
สลับ metal detectors and even stun guns.

3 composite (n.) ส่ิงทป่ี ระกอบขนึ้ Plastics are often combined with other
จากหลายสว่ น material to create a new group of
materials called composites.

To remain in equilibrium, the hanger
4 equilibrium (n.) สมดุล,ดุลยภาพ exerts an equilibrant force of 12 N

vertically upwards.

5 modulation (n.) การปรับ It is impossible to build an antenna
this big. Instead, say we give
modulation a chance and use a 1000
kHz carrier wave to carry the signal.

A synchronous motor is one in which
synchronous the rotor normally rotates at the same
6 (adj.) ตรงกนั , พร้อมกนั speed as the revolving field in the

machine.

75 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

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SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

7 transmission (n.) การส่งผา่ น An automatic transmission uses
sensors to determine when it should
shift gears, and changes them using
internal oil pressure.

A peripheral device is any auxiliary
device that connects to and works with
8 peripheral (adj.) อุปกรณ์ต่อพ่วง the computer to either put information

into it or get information out of it.

9 experiment (n.) การทดลอง, This experiment shows you some of
การทดสอบ the properties of circuits which contain
resistors, capacitors, and inductors.

10 torsion (n.) When a member of a structure, such
การบิดเปน็ เกลียว as the jib of a crane or the shaft of a

motor is made to twist, it is in torsion.

11 veneer (n.) แผ่นไม้อดั Veneers are thin slices of wood less
than 0.5 mm thick.

12 ergonomic (adj.) ตามหลกั Designing for comfort and safety is
สรีรศาสตร์ called ergonomic design.

13 buzzer (n.) ออด, กรงิ่ , Buzzers make a loud noise when
สัญญาณไฟฟ้า connected to a battery.

14 anthropometric สัดส่วนของ Typical anthropometric
(n.) ร่างกาย measurements for wheelchair user.

15 solenoid (n.) ขดลวดแม่เหล็ก A solenoid is a long coil of wire
ไฟฟ้า wrapped in many turns.

16 perpendicular ตัง้ ฉาก, ตงั้ ตรง The parallel and perpendicular color
(adj.) is magenta, and may be locked with
shift once you see it indicated on the
screen.

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND 76

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SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

17 invoke (v.) กอ่ ให้เกดิ , The two inferences that are not invoked
น�ำมาซงึ่ until you have begun an operation are
parallel and perpendicular.

18 persistent (adj.) ที่คงอยู่นาน For new users, this persistent selection
can result in accidental moves of
geometry.

19 underneath Move spindles up in blue direction to
(prep.) ขา้ งล่าง, ภายใต้ underneath the bottom surface of the

tabletop.

20 nuance (n.) ความแตกต่างกนั There are some nuances to deleting
นดิ หนอ่ ย connected faces and edges in
SketchUp. Let’s look at them.

21 animation (n.) การสร้างภาพ When computer animation is used for
เคลอ่ื นไหวโดยการ
ฉายภาพนงิ่ หลายๆ movies, it is often called
ดภว้ายพคตว่อาเมนเ่อื รงว็ กสันูง computer-generated imagery (CGI).

22 frame-by-frame กเนา่อืรสงกร้านั งแภลาว้ พนท�ำีต่มอ่า Frame-by-Frame lets you create
(n.) วางเรยี งกันให้ดู animation videos using any webcam/
เหมือนมีการ video camera connected to your
เคลื่อนไหวจรงิ computer.

23 stop-motion (n.) การถา่ ยทลี ะ Stop motion animation has a long
เเฟรียรงมต่อแกลัน้วนจน�ำมเกาิด history in film.
การเคลือ่ นไหว

77 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

งานแอนเิ มช่ัน
ประเภทน้ี
animator จะตอ้ ง
24 clay animation เข้าไปทำ� การ Clay Animator contains the most in
(n.) เคล่ือนไหวโดยตรง depth information on animation
กับโมเดล และ process.

ท�ำการถา่ ยภาพ
เอาไวท้ ลี ะเฟรมๆ

Computer- โปรแกรมที่สรา้ ง CGI is used for visual effects because
Generated- การเคลอ่ื นไหว computer generated effects are more
25 Imagery (CGI) ของภาพโดยใช้ controllable than other more

(n.) คอมพิวเตอร์ physically based processes.

26 2D Animation สรา้ งภาพ 2D Animation can be found just by
(n.) เคลอ่ื นไหวสองมติ ิ turning on your TV.

27 3D Animation 3D Animation can be used to create
(n.) สร้างภาพ wholly 3D productions as short as an
เคลื่อนไหวสามมติ ิ advertisement or as long as a feature

film.

28 caricature (n.) การต์ ูนล้อเลยี น The trial was a caricature of justice.

29 exaggeration (n.) การพูดเกนิ จรงิ Exaggerated his own role in the episode.

A perspective of history; a need to
30 perspective (n.) มุมมอง, โลกทศั น์ view the problem in the proper

perspective.

31 scene (n.) ฉาก A murderer sometimes revisits the
scene of his crime.

32 shot (n.) การถา่ ยภาพยนตร์ The shot show attracts buyers from
ในครัง้ หนง่ึ ทม่ี ีชว่ ง all 50 states and more than 100
เวลาท่ตี อ่ เน่อื งโดย countries.
ไม่หยุด

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SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

33 script (n.) ข้นั ตอนในการ
จบั ใจความส�ำคัญ
เนอ้ื เร่อื งแต่ละฉาก Following scripts is useful because it
ทงั้ กำ� หนดมมุ กลอ้ ง saves time.
เทคนคิ พเิ ศษ รวม
ถึงเวลาเคล่อื นไหว

ตอนหรือช่วง
เหตุการณ์ซ่งึ เกดิ
34 sequence (n.) จากซนี หลายๆ ซนี A script is important to know the order
มารวมกัน โดยมี or sequence that events take place in
ความสมบูรณ์ของ a story.

เนือ้ หา

35 plot (n.) Even the simplest statements of plot
เคา้ โครงเรอ่ื ง may include multiple inferences, as in

traditional ballads.

36 frame (n.) ภาพนิ่งของ Their movements can be easily
อนเิ มชน่ั manipulated between frames with
minimal risk of damage to the puppet
itself.

37 storyboard (n.) เครอื่ งมอื ท่ีใช้ใน Using storyboards, directors are
การวางแผนสอื่ better able to control pacing, dialogue
ภาพวดิ โี อ and action, among other things.
แอนเิ มช่ัน

38 stage (n.) พนื้ ทีท่ ี่ใชใ้ นการ Set the stage for the best way to
แสดง show off an action.

39 scriptwriting (n.) การเขยี นบท Someone who scriptwriting for plays
or movies or broadcast dramas.

79 SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND

MY WORLD OF VOCABULARY

SECONDARY 4

No. PVaortcsaobfuslapreye&ch Thai Definition Sentence

40 pixilation (n.) การนำ� นักแสดง
จรงิ มาขยับแทน
วัตถุท�ำให้เกดิ We love the creative little ideas they
ความร้สู กึ ท่ีกำ้� กึ่ง were able to make work using
ระหวา่ งภาพความ pixilation.
จริงกบั โลกทเ่ี หนอื
จรงิ

SAINT GABRIEL’S COLLEGE, THAILAND 80

Morning Assembly Prayer

Let us pray to the Lord of mercy,
Who loves us tremendously,
Who graciously protects us,

Dear God, please grant us fortitude and strength,
So that we can study well all day long.
Please help us to progress creatively,
To be good from day to day,
To be honest, and morally conscious.

Please bless our nation, and His Majesty our King,
Bless our parents and teachers,
Bless our fellow countrymen,
So they may love one another,

And live happily in peace and harmony. Amen.

Afternoon Prayer

Let us pray to the Lord our God,
Who is full of love and mercy,
Who protects us from all evils,
A day has passed and we have gained

much knowledge.
We thank you Lord for your mercy,
Please bless and protect our nation,

His Majesty our King,
Our parents and teachers,
Please forgive us our trespasses,
And lead us away from temptation,
and deliver us from danger. Amen.

THE ECHO OF LIFE

A son and his father were walking on the mountains.
Suddenly, the son falls, hurts himself and screams:
“AAAhhhhhhhhhhh!!!”
To his surprise, he hears the voice repeating, somewhere
in the mountain: “AAAhhhhhhhhhhh!!!”
Curious, he yells: “Who are you?”
He receives the answer: “Who are you?”
Angered at the response, he screams: “Coward!”
He receives the answer: “Coward!”
He looks to his father and asks: “What’s going on?”
The father smiles and says: “My son, pay attention.”
And then he screams to the mountain: “I admire you!”
The voice answers: “I admire you!”
Again the man screams: “You are a champion!”
The voice answers: “You are a champion!”
The boy is surprised, but does not understand.
Then the father explains: “People call this ECHO”, but
really this is LIFE.
It gives you back everything you say or do.
Our life is simply a reflection of our actions.
If you want more love in the world, create more love in
your heart.
If you want more competence in your team, improve
your competence.
This relationship applies to everything, in all aspects of
life. Life will give you back everything you have given to it.

YOUR LIFE IS NOT A COINCIDENCE.
IT’S A REFLECTION OF YOU!