แนวทางลดพลังงานในบ่อเลี้ยงกุ้งทะเล

y t ••••••••••••• .....•............ , •......... , .. '[ - ) 11uon1oanwaoo1u ., beJn\"11ouucu1~iun11\"tl'umJt1'Vlt1<il1n q q ., 10 CV ilct II be) n 6'11'abe-J El bb 'W'a6'11Vi';i'U bfi~~ ';jfi';je-J b~ EJ,:j n.:i ., ' • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••••••••

1-• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .c:,i .. • dU ,• 'U1-:1'111'1el~\\?l Yl\\lfll:WfU1\\Jl'U \" . 1' c:J • II • Ct. CV f'o.J ,r i:JL\"llt11\"1J1rum'Un11\\Jl11'1'1el'Uflru.fl1Yli:J\"1\\Jlflrummm . \\J, . \" • II ~ ,•. 'U1-:1G111~'U\\Jl'U1 irm~'U1\\?l e'.f L~tl1\"1J1ru~1'Uf111LYl1~L~tl\\l~\\Jl1'U1\"1l1tl~\\I • • • • ., . ia1t1F1:w1 ~mJ-~'111~ • ~B11J1tln1\\ G11tl'ni!mL\"1~~9ll'UTth~:w-:1\"111t1~-:i • • • omi,Inv • • • • v.1-:1G1 11~,i1-r\\Jltl n\\Jl~11ij\"1J 'U1tl 'Vlu cimLL'1-:I~ m i.1t1111.utl ~-&iV11Pi'~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ~ ., • • ft'11~'U11ijtJLL'1~~9ll 1n11L~1~b'1tlJ ~~Vl~L'1 ... VCt.Q./ QJ Q ti '11'U'U ~ tlLL'1~.}',9ll'U1i.11 L Yl1~ b'1 tl-:1 ~'U']~ L'1 • fll'Utli1m~1n:11~9ll ~th~:w ti111-1-:i 1~L'U'l.l \" , v d o ,Q. • • • • ~'UL'Uel~1'11n W11\"1l~11 • • • fll'Umim~nn 1i9ll'W tlw:w~ti111-1-:ifl1~L'U \" , u d o .c::i. • • • 'UL'Uel 1'11n W11\"1l 11 • • '1'11iJ'U11ijtJfl11LYl1:lLit1-:1~\\Jl1tl1\"1J11J~\\I 1 ' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . •., . u ':J'Vl'N ~'Wi-3 ,u1u 'etNtNf -3n::, • • .,..,., ., J ~ ao1uu'Jvt1ua::w;JJu,n11,w1::tat1'3n'3n::ta • • • • • a • • • • ,un:S \"'t1ua:: \"';JJUTth::u-3 ,yiJ-3 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • n-s th::u-3 • • • • • • • 'WQ un,YU 2556 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ., • I n • U. 'U'lYl1~'1~Yi\"'~~1'U luum,w~~~Vl~,'1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • A1U1 tnnla.:i~.:iV1::LaLL\\Jtm'11'lJ1 1'ta.:J,:J1'lJL'llUflU'JUfl1'i~afl~a, .. fl! l a\"\"fl .. ... a~Hi 1U11tl.:Jft 'U'J'U1'ta.:a.:a1uijfi 1'lh::111t'U 17% 'lliHfl U'JUfl1'iLfivninUJfl 'M1flLfl'tffl\"jfl\"jr7Ja.:in.:iiim'iiftfl1'i~M,J::'111J1'1tlaAfl1J'Wl11fl1'jJEJ.:aMlA'antu'i:MJ . . ·,- ., • • w UL1fllUtllafJ.:Jfl-riifl111JM8,:Jfl14jtf,,,a.:i.:i,utum·nil11a1mft Lfl8Li1maMLwtw1 • MJ\\Jfl1'i'M1EJ1,J11a.:Jfl.:J fl1'i'M1EJ1,J'lltl.:JLL1'ta.:anMaU1UU8 ua::n1-saaaaa1E1'11'i • 8'lJV1~m\"a~a'lJV1~8 i.:iil\\m1'itimmftL~8Jflt'f1'U4j111t'U88MLW1tnl,1ffilfJ1U • • ., w 'i::iu;iLiiEJ.:J1't8M8fl1111M8,:Jfl14j'IJ8.:Ji;.:iiiilM't1,:J'M1Jfllutiawa.:i~ irijfn111~1ftty aa1.:i~.:i aa1.:ihnM111 'M1flLfl'lffl4jfl'jtia1n1ft1l1fl1iJ'lJ'i::MtJ88fliL1ilUtuti,Lnu ,1~~11M1 B8~L,1u,1:: 'Wa11J1'ioa::a1a tutl1 lA'Li11iu,nnm'iLilMLfl1a.:aLNJe10111 • -rh tmluL tla8.:a1'ta.:i.:i1U L'll'lJfl14SLTi11M'IJ'l'Ufl1'irJaPI ua:: WLi:hmM'ifi~.:JLL'lfla811 Lana110-uuil L i1 u n1'itl1 Lauatt1111i' ,11 n n11 Lnu-6' a11a n11 tiu~1a.:i ,, . . .. L~1181fl1ft,J1flLfl'tffi'ifl'ilultt'i.:Jfl1'jfl1\"jiftfl1'i1'ta1flfl1'i\\JBU1uw1f11LatJ ~.:JVltLa L i4aa,tfl1'1\\1'l! Laauar.iafl LLa::aftfl1\"jr.Jaf1LLa::tlafttlaaao11ffl1i'U8U \\ 880 l1ffi u.a::La'lJ8LL'lJ1V11.:Jt Ufl1'lt'I ft n11 t \"Ii \"a.:i.:i1u t Ufl1-S LM1181fl1ft L i1in -ilun1'iafl ft U\\'!U t 'lJ fl1'lrJafl 1.:iVI:: La 1,, EJ l~i'tJ fl1'l'1U\\J'11¾U,11mhun.:i1u'Wituu1n1flia m'l Lnt'ffl'l L -rJa ti Lnt'ffl'ln'>( Lia.:i1.:iu1ltltiflnt'f1LLa::\"Y1ftaa.:it1fimilum,ti '-:i-11uath.:iijtl'i::aV1fill1'WAa l ti .,., 0 flnl~Jvllt'l'J

a1su1ry 0 0 i°l1'U1 ~Trtrny ti JI .., 1. IJl'UVl'Ufn~L\"'mrnVltL\" , , .... '1,J'., 2. f11~'V11J'UL1c.l'Ue)e)f1'1JL~'U b 'U'\\JelL\"tl~fl~ , ' 3. f11~b tl~c.1'\\JI. ~c.J'Uf11~~ 1 ~vh l 'Uf11~L~1Jmf11131~1flf11~tl~td'.hJ bb\"t n1~ 1 \"IJ~°i~\"IJe),Ufl~~m fl \"I) fl 1 2 6 4. Lfl~~mm~Yi1rJ~1-31i LvJmw1m~l\"IJYo1~~~1uturni1.~hJmml31 9 .f11fll~'lJ1fl .,j 'l .. 'l ~ ~1i1'3W'U1f1Vl 1 m11J'111J1~'1 b 'Ufn~\"t\"1c.1\"1Jel'3elelf1'1lb~'U b'U'U1 13 cJ C1i \" ~ I fLI Vl elnl'Vlil1J 1.1.'1tfl111J bfl1J\"IJeM 'U 1 IJl 1-3 fl'U , \" d Q Q Q Q dQ I 1 m~1'3 e.J1J1 f1Vl 2 elVlfi'W '1\"/Jel-3 el n.!Vli11J Lb'1~ fl111J Lfl1JV11J e.J'11Jl el fl1 f1111J 14 ' \" ~1J~1\"1Jel'3elelfl~L~'U~\"~\"1 cl l 'Utl1 ...

11 A ii' 1. ~'U'Vl'Ufl1'at~a.:in.:i'Vl::t~ • • ,., ' .cal 1/qtJ d01l.ldt.l 1l.l o f11 ';j b'1 cM ~ ,U.Jvl 'U'YJ'U'VI '11 fl qJ fl el vl'U'YJ'Utl1 'Vl1'a bb'1::: 'Vil'1.:l.:I 1'U '11 n f11 ';ji;11';i1'1 'LJel:IJ '1~'U'Vl'Uf11';ibif.J.:in.:i\"lJ11bb'l'U'U11:ULtl~f.Jv1e)1~~e:d'U L'UU 'Vil.131. 2555 'tl'U1(,)f1,:j \\J , • \" • bda~'U 60 (;11/nn. 'Yl'U'l1~'U'Vl'Utl1'Vl1';if1.:Jfit,)L'LJ'U 52% bb'1:::~'U'Vl'U'Vila.:i.:i1'U:U1fifiTl • • • 1ibfl~el.:Jb91:Utl1f1113lfit,1b'U'U 17% \"llel.:l~'U'Vl'Uf11';ibim~.:iV1:1Jt,1 (i11'Vilvi 1) • nunun1s1~uonov1011ouu11u lVl~UlJUtl 6% ., ., .f\\1'\\\"j~ 1 (ij''W'Vl'W1 'Wf11'ibttJ.:in.:iV1:;b~'IJ€l.:Jbf1'1.oJ~'im ' ' \"'m : ~l'Wbf'l'i'loJ_iin'1f11'ith:;:iN, 2555 vi~1'U:IJ1bfi~vJ';jf1';jcJ,:jfl,:J1]f11';jL-ff'Yla.:i.:i1'U1 'Ufn';iL~hrn elf1~b'1'U 1 uu miu.:in.:i • :w1n Lii'Um1:wi1 L th.1 Lt,1 cJ LO'Yl1:::-d1.:i L1'11 nm-:6'Uvitl1il fl11:u~1J(;l'lvl1 f.leJeJfl~t:u'U e1ch.:iL~:U~LL~1 V11nLn~';imbUt,1.bfl~eJ-!lb91:UeJ1n113le1~1.:ibV1:1J1:::'1:uv11:ur111:uG111111t:1 1 Ufl1';i'1:::'11 c.l\"ll el..'.lelelfl~ b:UU 1 'Ut11 bb'1::: rl1'U-:J ~,:i fl11:IJ~ el..'.lfl1';i1-ff aa fl~ L:U'U--Uel-'l f1 -I • bb Yl'1.:lf1 vlel'U bb'1::::U~'U'Vl~cJ1 'UumicJ-:if1 ,:i 'U a n:u1n:u::: b ti 'U f11';j 1 i'Yla-.1'11'UeJch.:iil • • ·1h:::~VIB.mmL~1 c1.:i'111J1';it:1'1t,1~'UY1'U1 'Uf11';iLic1.:in-!l 1~Bn~1cJ ~'IJ1Vl1~<l~Vta~~,ut1Jumaa~~~'VJ:aa • 1· I ~

2. n'l'a'Vl:U'UL1V'Uele)fl~lb\\l'U l 'U'Uelblv.:in\"I • • 1 'Uu e) bi v..:i f1..:J:U~..:Jfl1'at:-Ja~ bb'1~fl1'a 16tleJeJf1~b':i!'U bf1~mm~..:JflTH'LJ1 hm'a ' Vl:U'Ub1V'U'lleJ..:Je)e)f1~b':il'U l 'UU miv..:in..:i b ~e) l 'ITT6tl'W~-:J..:J1'U l 'Ufl1'ab~bJeJ1fl11111~e:ici1..:i:u ' . ,.h~~Vl5.fl1'Wb~:U('U . . . . ...................................................................................... lrl~cN L~\"mmf'I . . . . . .................................................................................... 1'W~8'Ufl\"1.:J1'U bL\".:J Lb~~ fl'a~\\;1 'U f11'a~.:J Lfl'a1~l-f Lb\"..:J'll eJ..:J LL 'W'1..:J fl ~eJ'Uvl61J ' 'Vi1 hi:um'a~.:Jrl11'UeJ'U 1~e:ie:in 1~~ (CO ) -:u1ntl1LL'1~eJ1f11111L'LJ11111m 'Uf11'a~.:Jbfl'a1~\"1 2 LL\".:) LL'1~~a~el8fliL'1'U (0) Lviei1~~..:imr:s~1'U'UeJlm'Uf11'a'Vl1Vl-:ULL'1~f111cie:iv\"mv 2 \"1'a8'U'Vl~~ (fl1'W~ 2)

BBfl~lb~tJlU'UeJbV!~B'\\Je.ltJ~N ~'1bbrt~~'1i1'1i1~~'U1 ~'1~eJ'1bb~'1~'1eJBfl6db~'U611'\\~1'U n11vnc.11~ ~\"l'l!'U 1 'Unmflm\"l~'Ufi'-:i 1 'LI'UB~-:iffiBm6'lt1~BBfl6db~'U 1~~1c.1 bfl~mm ' ;;i-:ir111bU~ bfl~eJ'1b~l-leJ1fl1f'lb ~e) b ~l-l'U~mruB e) fl Gd b~'U 11½ b 'WtJ-:JYrn~ Bfl11l-l~ e)._'j fl11 b~B 1 i½n-:Jbb~-:Jbb1'1 f1'UB1V!11~ bbr!~b~'U l~b'U'U'Ufl~ ' V11 fl e)e)flGdb ~'Uhl -wm-wBi1vrrum1ooc.16'lmc.1?111a'Uvi~m 'U~'Ul.ri'U~~ ~ b n ~ fl 11 •JeJcJi;'frlltJbb'U'U 1l-l1-ffBBfl6db~'U 'Vl11 i½bn~bbeJl-l ll-lb'Wc.1 (NH ) 1e1l~1b'1'Uirt 1 i'l'1 (H S) 3 2 bbrt~i'.ibvt'U (CH ) zj,:ii'.ir111m'U'U'rl~\\?!Bfl-:J 'Vl11i½n'1f1'UB1V!11rt~rt-:J i;'f61Jfl1'WeleJ'UbbeJ 4 , , , bbr!~b~c.l-:J~e)fl11~~bte) hr1 V!~BB1'1~1c.lU'U'W61'U1\\?1 .,. V ' ' - fl116'!'1 bfl11~V!bb6'!'161JB-:J bb 'Wm fl~B'U 'W61lbbrt~i;'11V!11c.l ., - fl11bb'W1~1fleJ1fl1f'lG1'LJ1 'U ' - n11btJ~c.1'Uci1ml1 ... - m11off6111bflii b6U'U 1v 1~1b'1'Ub 'UBiBBfl 161Jl'1 (H O ) bh~~ 2 2 161Jb~cJ:l.Jfl11'UBb'U~ (Na CO ) 2 3 i - n-:i ' I Cl Cll6' Cl .c::::16' - fl11c.leJcJi;'frllcJi;'f11eJ'UVl1cJ6/JB'1'1~'UVl1c.l ' - m1bb'W1~1ml1fl1;1rnfo1mf'l b~B 1-ff 'U ~ ' q, .tjOd '., Cl bfl1B'1 b~l-leJ1 fl1r'l 6/JUJ~Vl'U1~BB fl61J b'1'U ~~rllc.JB~bf)'U~~Bl-l\\111 (100 %) 'U ' - m11i6'!11bflii b6/1'U i'lBim~'U

. ., ifoit1'Viil~a~e1n1';ia~a1t1'tle1~e1e1n~hlil'LIL'Llii1 ., 1 e1runniJu1 ' 'II eJWVliliJ\"ll8•:it111 'UUvLim1n.:J'1.:J~'U eJe)fl;blil'U'11lJ11tli.'l~m1:J 1'Ut111Ji'um.Ji.'l.:J \" ,., 1 ,.. ,J (\\Jl1';i1.:JC-l'U1fl'V1 1) d 2 FJ?13.Jlf13.J rl1111b~ll\"ll€1.:Jt111 'U'lJeJ bi l:J.:J n .:J'1-l~'U eJ eJfl;L'-il'U'11lJ11tli.'l~m01'Ut111Ji'UeJl:Ji.'l.:J ,J (\\Jl1';i1.:Jc.J'U1fl'Vl 1) 3 flfJ7WfJiJe17mrT 'II • 'II - ~'U{,l fl/eJ1 fl1f'IU i;J bb vrn.:in \\Jl€J'Uvl'l11li '11111';itl~.:J brl';i1~if bbi;1.:J b vieit!J~\\Jl e)e)fl~fL:il'U1t1timi0.:in.:i iiLL~f1111.ffveJfl;b'-iltlb vieJfl1';iV111:J1'-il vh1 ~e)eJflszib'oJ'U 1 t1t!1~~ ' - LL'1.:Jbb~i;J 1 tlb 1mfli.'l1.:J'J'ULb ~~.:Jfl\\Jle)'Uvl'l16'11111';itli.:JU·l11~'\\-1 Lb?l.:J b ~m vh.J e)e)fl;b'-iltl L 'Utimi0.:in,:i 1Ji' 'V111 ~t11iieiei f1 6llb'-il'Ub ~111;1.:it'U • , 'II 4wnun(i)eJ7n7rT LdmJ1w1mf'!iJm111ni;imml'ili.'li;Ji.'l-l €1€Jf16n L'-il'U?l11111t1~~~101'Ut!11Ji' umm.:i 8~ 1-1 hn\\11111 'U '-il~1:Ji1iJt!J~~mJ~111weieJfl;b'-il'U1 m..imi0.:in.:i himm!n '

., e1e1nijL'1'LIL'U'U1 l.l1nn-;i1 5 l.ln./a. ~-:Jb~~qjb~UL\\Jl~, ~11B'IJ'Vl~EJ LLa~'tlel-:JLamm1v~11~L~1 ············••.•····························· 4 l.ln./a. ~'1b~~qJL~UL\\Jl'Uf1~, n11 Bel v~a1u~11~'1J'Vl~EJtl v 1 'IJ1~~utJn~ \" 2 - 3 lJn./a. • q 111::j ~ n11vtlu~a1v~11tl'IJ'Vl1ua~a-1 iimV111L Vl~tl 1 'Uum..nn n-:iaelU\\11 1~uu.niif'1l.Jf)'U hr1a~~./J, ' \" ' 1 - 2 l.ln./a. f1110elU~a1U\"!Jel,UamL UU W L 'tttltlniL ~'IJ vh1~Li1~n1'ij~iir11111Ltlt1~~ 'Umm11 1 l.ln./a. ., n-:ii;nu •

3. n11Ltl1auLiisuti1i~ \\Yff11 t un1·nii21u1n1fl,11nn11,.h:uiu1.La:n1,t-i,1'it 1JiHLfl1:lfl1fl1 ri1a'1 \\ flTh l 1Jfl1')Lpt1Ji)1fl1fll1.hi W1J,J10fl111J9i'8'1fl11 tf ailniL,JU t ui.fa, {Santa and Vinatea, 2007) lt1a1',>11w1,nniM11m11-11t1t,,,m_,~_, ilM'l1fl1'l :'f 4' 4 ... d ~ . :' 4 ,¥ I 4 ,J 4 0 ., 'f .J.'!t .., 1,11a 1,'1'1lil'1U. 1ut'1flflillm'll~=,auV11a 1. uu1~~fllmtJ'U8 LflB 1~wuma'11.n111vi i1Hm1titlu011im'a-,~-, CA} Ltl1auLiiautiuti'1a-illi-A1~Lntffl1n1tf,,;-, CB) vi1t11 e V:'I.J.L.~ :'f.\"'\"\" 'fal II :'f.11 4 :'f. I 3 ( A\\( .,j Vl111J01M l.lln rr1Ullffl'lfl'l1.11Ul1J ~u,>1flfl111Jfl8'1fl111,'!J,>'l'11.U'U8~8'1 S./\"\\J Jl1flVI -::t) Lfltlrffl01'J~O'tt1 LLi1M1Ufl1'Jmi t r ~7U1UlJllll1\\l'.i Ul1<fi7~~Nih -\\. 1uum1l'u,rf~ l1U'lUlltlll1\\l~ <i'i.in~H 'i1u1u'i'1TlJ,fi1ilsi lfl'l'\\l~liilJ\\l1n'lf1 --+ B ti1fi~l1N1 n'im.tvi·HnH~~, ' A ! 1i1a~l1-Jihi1H1iiu <B-Al

\\;11~1-:J~ 1 m~ 1i'Vla-:J-:JTU 1 YlvJ1\"1Jel-:JLR~el-:i L~l2Jel1n1fi11 -u,Je:i Limn-:iVI~ Lrl'llel-:J'VlTh.J~ii'll'U1~LLrl~fl'l11JVl'U1 , fl111lflil~n11 li1u1u i:.iai:.iilfl 1;ililn~lLs1u 'tl'IJ19l uu~ 'tl1~fl111l'\\.l'IJ1LLIJIJ 'tlilfl~~ ~,;11 (91'1/l;) ~~ FCR ~ . ilm,n (nn./l;J n11muil (nn./l~hil\\J) Lan 3 100,000 -150,000 1,546 1.25 1,142.30 2 100,000 -150,000 1,146 1.16 731.42 mn~ 2 150,000 -200,000 1,494 1.14 1,078.94 ~~'tl11 2 > '2fJJ,OOO 2,818 I.IS 1,943.74 1,.,~ 4 50,000 -100,000 708 0.95 1,471.15 --.J - 2 100,000 -150,000 1,124 0.73 1,508.55 s= Lan 3 50,000 -100,000 789 1.32 1,121.02 C: . .., ~~ ~ 1,.,~ _) .,. ~irnh !l) 6 50,000 -100,000 588 1.36 1,684.64 :s> :I. ~' .,. _) ~ C: '\\lll.111:Jb'\\II~ ** 'll'U7~Yh{J.J rh1J.J'll'U7~ttn 15 Zi , rh{J.J'l!U7~nm{/ c:_ (!) gli, • .,. .::,, .,. ~ \" !ii ..

~~m-aflm~n6l-atl1~ ~~ii • 1. vhfaJ bi EJ,:j f1-:J61J1'J~iim11 off bfl~el-:J b~~m fl1Plel~1-:iiitl'j~i'1'Vlfifl1'W~1fl~'1~ , , ~el vh{~61J'U1~b~fl ~tl~elEJf1-:J~'JEJf111~'Vl'U1bb'U'U 100,000 - 150,000 i;i'-;i/li ~'J'U , Y11{~~iifl1'j1-ff-w~-:i-:i1'U 1 'Ufl11b~~el1fl1Pli'Ubtl~el-:J ~el Y11{~61J'U1~ 1 'Vlru ~tl~elEJn-:i ., , ~'JEJf1'J1~'Vl'U1bb'U'U~1fl':l1 (50,000- 100,000 i;i'-;i/li) bb'1~-:J11'Vl1flbfl~\\;l'jf)'jijfl11 ~~m1~ b V1~1~?1~ n'<il~?11m1t1'1~ m11.ff-w~-:i-:i1mM 1~ 2 . fl1'j~~m1-w~-:i-:i1'Uvi~ bfl~(;11m?11m1t1'1~tl~~1rum11.ff-w~-:i-:i1'U 1~?t • \" 5'1 so% 61lmm11m'Uu'<il'<i!U'U , 3. fl11b~~el1fl1Pl~bb\\;lfl\\,11-:Jfl'U bb1,1t:J'1t:J~(;1f1-:J\\,Jelt'UmlJbb(;1fl\\,J1-:Jfl'U bb?f~-:J11 ' fl11 b~~el1fl1 Pl~m flbf1'U 1 u1lJiit:J'1\\,lel fl11b ~~tl~~1rut:J'1t:J~\\;1 n-:i ' 4. m1btl~ bf1~el-:Jb~~mmPi1 m1mnm-:i1'U 61Jru~~elelfl6/Jb'<il'U'1~'11EJ 1 ml1 bf1'U~~~~i;i'-;i 'Uelfl'<il1fl'<il~btl'Um1i'Ubtl~m-w~-:i-:i1'Ubb~1 EY-:ibtl'Um11'1.elelfl6/Jb'<il'U'<il1fl ., 1.J1fl~'lJ~el1fl1Pl \" 'Uelfl'<il1 n-d '<il1 fl fl1'jflfl~161Jel\"l'<il'r11f (;1'U bbl;'l~f) ru~ 'W'lJ11fl11t:J~\\;) bbi;'l~ m11.ff , elel fl\"IJb'<il'U 1 'U'Uel bi EJ-:J 11-:J'Vl~ bl;'l\\;11;'1 el~1el'lJ fl11 bi EJ\"liitl~mruelelfl6/Jb'<il'Um~f'lJ'<il1 fl bfl~el-:J ' b~~el1fl1Pliirh1n~b~EJ,:jfl'lJtl~~1ruelelfl6/Jb'<il'U~bb'Wi'<il1fl'11~el1fl1Pl (flTW~ 4) \" ~•lAn,,,a, <751.?q> •

4. bn'rJ~':in':ifl'J':i'V11e1v1.:ih byjmw1n1':i1ir.i.:i.:i1u1un1':ib~hJe:nn1r1 fl1':i'1 ~ fl1 ';j 1 'tl'Wl;l{l-:J1'U 1 'Ufl1':i b~:Ue)1fl1fll'U e) fl'-il1 fl61!1 mw1~'U'Vl'U fl1 ';j bi tl-:J fl\\) bb~'J ' , f!-:i a1:u11 t1 '1 ~ fl 11't.l '11 e:Jtl m1 trn'U 1~e:ie:i fl 1611~ '-il1fl fl1 ':it:-J~ ~ 1 Ylvf 1 b ~ e:i h1 'LI fl1':i b~:U eJ1 fl1 fl1 'V11 L °\\X fl1 ';j bi tl{lfl ,:Jij fl'J 1:U b ti 'Ui'J m~ eJ~-:J bb'J ~i eJ:U bfl~~';ifl';jfl'J';jijfl1';j ' ., \\111b'W'Ufl1':i lil-:J'U ') ']j,Jv] n'JJ'UeJ 1. bfl~~';jfl';jfl'J'Ur1:u'Ll~:u1rubb 'W'1-:in~e:i'U-w\"llt ~bV1:u1~a:u 1~tl 1 ~nfl1r111:u ' 1 'Ll~-:i 1a\"lm~t11e:it1\"1 t1•1h:i 30-40 611:U. bvie:i 1 ~bb'W'1-:Jn~eJ'U'W\"ll'11lJ1';jtlt:-J~~ bb'1~ 1 'ti 'II e)e:Jfl-Sb'-il'U 1~B ~1{1'1:U~'1 bb'1~ne:ie:ifl-Sb'-il'U'-il1fl fl1':i'1-:J bfl':i1~vfoa-:i L 'U'U~lJ1 ru~mfl bfl'U ' '.i)~~:ui1 b'WtJ{l'WeJ~1V!-r'Ur111:u~e:i-:im1\"1Je:i-:itJmitl-:in-:i 1~tl 1lJ,\\'1 b u'U l'le:i-:i tiY11;1-:i-:i1'U ' ' L 'Ufl1':ib~:UeJeJfli8b'-il'U 2. b fl~~ ';j fl';j fl'J ';j ~~fl 1 ':ie)1 '\\111 ';ie) d 1-:J ij't.J ';j~~Vl5.fl1'W 1:u\"l ~nen'\\1!1';jb V!~e) m£J1t1tJe:i:u1mnt11'Ll 1~tl'Ufo\"1~t1m1m1b'U~t1'Uenvn1btlt1bi1e:i (FCR) 1 ~e:i£J1 mh-:i 'II 1.0-1.2 b~B'1~m1a~a:ua11B'UV1~8bb\"1~r111:u1'le:i-:im11ie:ie:ifl-Sb'-il'U 1 t1m1~e:it1a~1t1 1~tl'-il~'UV1~8 '

mitt/~ - tf~uife1{ltm.Je:nmr1 1. btl~~';jfl1fl11llbflie:i-11~tJ~mru e)e)tl6/l bliJ'Wl;l~6'11 cl 1 ml1byj€l l 'MV111uminru tl1';il;l~l;l1cJe)e)tl6/lbliJ'W~bb m:J~-1 'Vl1 l Vlb~:W€l1tl11\"11m 'Wmmru~b'Vlil1~?1:W 2. t111bU~bbl;l~U~Lflit1-ib~:wmml\"11'W61b-inm~b'Mm~?t:w - bU~ bfl~e)-Jb~:W€l1tl11\"11J€lcl l 'W'111-l~'l.Jtl1';ibicJ-ibbl;l~ bU~ b ~:W:I.J1tl('Wbi1vrn .. ,,. ' .,, ., ' :wm m 'W:W'll'U ' - 1-ff-ife:i:w1;1n111~e:ie:in61ib;;i'W1;1~mcJ1m11 (DO) bU'Ufi1tJ1~n 'IJ m1~~~'U11urnufl:1.1m1Lu~-u~bfl~e:i-ib~:1.1mml\"I ' - 1'Ll'111-lb1l;l1tl'11-11'U fl1';ibU~bfl~e)-Jb~:W€l1tl11\"1'U11 'M1€l€l11iJ~bfl~e)-J1~ bi1e:i DO ?f-lliJ'Ui1-1;;i~~:w~1 100% (~111-JCJ'U'Jtl~ 2) 'IJ ' - l;l~tl11btl~bfl~e)-Jb~:W€l1tl11\"1l 'U~1-ltl6'11-11'U~iJ'Vhbb'il:1.J l?f ~-i<l bt1~1mfl11-ri;;i11ru1rn1:1.1b'IDJ'llm~J1 ?t'llfl1'W 'll'W7~bbl;l~i1m'U'llB-lrn 1'W1.IDtJ1~ne:iuwm ' ' wmie1n 1mPJieJ{llm.feJ'Jn1r1 1. b~e)tl l'Ubflit1-1b~:I.Je)1tl1\\\"IU';i~~i/16fl1'W?f-l b~€ltJ1~'Mtl~'W6l-l-!1'U 'IJ 2. 'll'U1~bfl~e)-JcJ'Wimmbfl~e)-lb~:W€l1tl11\"1~b'Vlil1~?1:I.Jfl1';ilJ'lJ'U1~ 4 bb'rnn/H l'U'U€l~iJJ1~nbJbn'U 1.4 :w. 'M1€llJ'll'U1~bfl~e)-lcJ'l.J~ 5-6 bb1-iii1/H l'U'U€l~iJJ1~n:1.J1nn11 1.4 :W. (6lll;le) bbl;l~'W';ib~l\"I, 2547) 3. u11-i'!n~1bfl~m b~:Wtl1tl11\"1 bbl;l~';i~UU61-!fl16l-l 1 WJcJ l 'W?ffl1'W~~e)cib?t:W€l ' 'IJ 'IJ

b~vtJLL'in 2 b~B'I.I b W lmJ 1 tl ~.fl1'1'lB1f11 fl Q 4 - 6 \"1!.l.J. ' Q > 6 '1f.l.J. ,,. .. •• '' 'llu-:iJ1 ('11l.J.) a bN - 4 ~ \\1.i'~ 4 ~ -rieJ'IJ8UN 40% 100% 30-40 30- 40 30- 40 100% 30- 40 • •

n1'abV~bfl~el'1b~hJmn1A byjel L'tl'Wi'1'11'U L~bn~th::~'Vl5.fl1'W \\;l1:IJ~1'a1'1~ 2 1. m11'tlbfl~e)-:Jb~lJeJ1fl1f'l1'1.J'ITT-:Jb~eJ'l..lbb1f1 1-mh~mru 40% \"l)e)-:J,11'1..11'1.Jbfl~e),:j b~lJeJ1fl1f'!J-:iua 1'1..16l11-:J'a~V!11-:J 08.00-22.00 '1..1. Vli-:J'11m!'l..l1W-ifbfl~eJ-:Jb~lJeJ1fl1f'l(,11lJ tin~ 100% \"lleJ-:J'11'1..11'1.Jbfl~eJ-:Jb~lJeJ1fl1f'!J-:i'UeJ 2. m11-i!Lr1~mL~l.lmmf'l1um-:ib~eJ'I..I~ 2 bWmJ1tl - 1 '1..11'!..l~vfa-:ivhLLW 1\"1 mmf'!tln~ ~1m1l.l 1 tl~-:i 1\"1\"1Ja-:itl1tl1~lJ1ru 30-40 611lJ. 1-ifLfl~eJ-:Jb~lJeJ1fl1f'!tl1~lJ1UJ 40% \"lleJ-:J'11'1..11'1.Jbfl~eJ-:Jb~lJeJ1fl1f'!J-:iua 1u-tl 'a~V!11-:J 08.00 - 22.00 'U. Vli-:J'11m!'l..l1W-ifLfl~eJ-:Jb~lJeJ1fl1f'l(,11lJt)f1~ 100% \"lle:J-:J'11'U1'1..1 ' ' ., bfl~eJ-:Jb~lJeJ1fl1f'!'Vl-:J'UeJ - 1-u~via-:ivhmmf'!i1Ll.l~ l:l~ULl.l~mn mfl11lJLtl~1\"'\"1Ja-:iJ1t11~lJ1ru 30-40 611lJ. 1-ifLfl~e)-:Jb~lJeJ1fl1f'ltl1~lJ1UJ 60% \"lJe)-:J,)1'U'J'Ubfl~e)-:Jb~lJeJ1fl1f'!J-:iua bm-:i 'a~V!11-:J 08.00-22.00 'U. V!~-:J\\11f11!'U1m-ifLfl~eJ,:Jb~lJeJ1fl1f'!(,11lJtlf1~ 100% \"lleJ-:i'11'U1'1..1 ' ., .,di 4 Q.J I bfl1eJ-:Jb(,llJeJ1fl1f'!'Vl.:JUeJ - 1'W~i1cJ'W(,lf1tl1~mru 4-6 'lllJ.1'!..lrnnmrni'u mr111lJ1·1.H-:i1.:1\"1Ja-:iJ1 tl1~mru 30-40 611lJ. 1-ifLfl~e)-:Jb~lJeJ1fl1f'ltl1~lJ1UJ 80% \"lleJ-:J'11'U1'Wbfl~eJ-:ib~lJeJ1fl1f'!J-:iua 1'1..16l11-:J'a~V!11-:J 08.00 - 22.00 'U. V!~-:i'11m!'W1W'1lbfl~eJ-:ib~lJeJ1fl1f'!(,11lJtln~ 100% \"lleJ-:J ' ., 0 4 .Q Q.J I '11'1..11'1.Jbfl'aeJ-:J b(,llJeJ1 fl1 f'l'Vl-:J'UeJ - 1u~i1cJ-u~nmnn11 6 'lllJ. V1~acJu~n'V!unJ-:i1'W1-un\"1nm-:i1u ~1r111lJ 1 tl~-:i 1'1\"llmll1tl1~lJ1ru 30-40 611lJ. 1-ifLfl~a-:iL~l.lmmf'! 100% \"lleJ-:J'11'U1'1..1bfl~t ., b~lJeJ1fl1f'l'Vi-:i'UeJ\\,l\"eJ\\?lb1\"1

fl1AC1JUOn ~ ~ I <V r111lJbfllJ61J8-:J'U1vnmu , \" .,. elW'Vlfl:IJ fl11:1Jb~:IJ (61'J'Ub'U'W'U) ' 'U (°C) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Q; 20 9.08 8.81 8.56 8.31 8.06 7.83 7.60 21 8.90 8.64 8.39 8.15 7.91 7.68 7.46 22 8.73 8.48 8.23 8.00 7.77 7.54 7.33 23 8.56 8.32 8.08 7.85 7.63 7.41 7.20 24 8.40 8.16 7.93 7.71 7.49 7.28 7.07 25 8.24 8.01 7.79 7.57 7.36 7.15 6.95 26 8.09 7.87 7.65 7.44 7.23 7.03 6.83 27 7.95 7.73 7.51 7.31 7.10 6.91 6.72 28 7.81 7.59 7.38 7.18 6.98 6.79 6.61 29 7.67 7.46 7.26 7.06 6.87 6.68 6.50 30 7.54 7.33 7.14 6.94 6.75 6.57 6.39 31 7.41 7.21 7.02 6.83 6.64 6.47 6.29 32 7.29 7.09 6.90 6.72 6.54 6.36 6.19 ' , 33 7.17 6.98 6.79 6.61 6.43 6.26 6.10 34 7.05 6.86 6.68 6.51 6.33 6.17 6.01 35 6.93 6.75 6.58 6.40 6.24 6.07 5.91 \\._ ~ 81~0~'<il1f1: Boyd (1990) ,.

d ,Q ,Q ,Q a dq , 1 C:. QI 4 1,nn:u:.Jm fl'Vl 2 eJ'Vl5~'1\"lleJ~e:iruV1.n11 . LL'1~m111 Lfl1l'Vl11~'1\\JleJ mm111e:i11m'lle:i.:ie:ie:i fl'11L'1i.J ,, ~'1~mfl11.1J1 r \"I eirui.,.nij fl'J1:Ub~:U (ci'J'L!b'L!'W'L!) • 'U (°C) 0 18 36 10 11.3 10.1 9.0 15 10.1 9.0 8.1 20 9.1 8.2 7.4 25 8.3 7.5 6.7 30 7.6 6.9 6.2 35 7.0 6.3 5.7 \"\" B7-:JB-:J'17f1: Wilson (1990)

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• \" - 1ona1s01000 Boyd, C.E. 1990. Water Quality in Ponds for Aquaculture Birmingham Publishing Co., Birmingham. Alabama, USA Santa, KO. and L. Vinatea. 2007. Evaluation of respiration rates and mechanical aeration requirements in semi-intensive shrimp Utopenaeus vannamei culture ponds. Aquaculture Engineering. 36 : 73-80. Wilson, P. Chris. Water Quality Notes: Dissolve Oxygen. (eJeJ'W1mi). LL'Vlrn~m: http//edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss525 (9 ~lJil1'W'W5 2557). '1\"11~\\Jl'U f1111~11'U'll LLrt~flru~. (eJ~'a~'Vl11-:!'1\\1l'Vl1'a1cJ-:!1'W). fl1'a'1\\1lfl1'a~ffJIJl ' ~ ' ~ •• 1 ' ,% \"' d 9 \"' • fl1'a'\\Jel'W b 'W vi1'alJ Lr! cJ-:1~-:!Vl~ Lr! L ~elr!\\1lfl1'a~qj L·r:1m.me-Jrt\\JlLLr!~rl\\11 : m<ae,i~111 LLrt~tlr1111tl~eJcJfl161!fl1WeJ'W 1111eJeJ n 161!i;'i. • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

aoocnuoouanriu1fuJlri1 \" acnuu5oo11a:uTruu1ms1wi:1§00,pn:1a ~ \"~unooo11a:uTruu1Lls:uouivcib ~~ nsuLls:uo ~wn O 2561 4678 ~ 025610786