QSHE_01

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS.) CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT

CMA483 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
CASE STUDY : PILING WORKS

PREPARED BY: STUDENT NO.
NO NAME 2022149501
1 NUR FARAH SURIA BINTI ABDUL RAZAK 2022102051
2 NIK NURSIMAH BINTI ABU KASIM 2022787193
3 NURUL ILLYANA BINTI MD KAMAL 2022314665
4 ANDERSON BUNYAU ANAK PATRICK NGUMBANG

CLASS: AP2464A

LECTURER: MISS FAZEERA UJIN

SEMESTER 1
SESSION MAC - AUGUST 2022

11 JULY 2022

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TABLE OF CONTENT PAGES

BIL DESCRIPTION 3-8

1.0 INTRODUCTION 9 - 10
a) Objective
b) Principle of HIRARC 11 - 21
c) Benefit of HIRARC 22
d) Features 22
e) Tools to Measure

2.0 BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY
- Introduction
- Examples of Hazard
- Piling Rig
- Key components of a safe piling rig operational plan
include

3.0 DISCOVER OF ANALYSIS
a) Factors in the activity that caused the accident
b) Roots of accident
c) Who should be responsible to the accident
d) How to prevent such accident
e) HIRARC

4.0 CONCLUSION
5.0 REFERENCES

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

This paper is based on a study case in Malaysia. An accident involving piling
rig machinery occurred at a construction site recently. Nowadays, a lot of workers
make light of the regulation safety and health on the construction site. For this
reason, numerous incidents happen that involved other’s life. To prevent accidents,
one must know the causes in the working environment such as inherently
hazardous construction projects, personal and project factors, and mechanisms or
equipment that lead to accidents. Hence, it is a must to apply HIRARC to reduce
the incidence in construction sites. Furthermore, when we apply HIRARC it can
also improve the quality of work and clients put trust in the company. HIRARC is
stand for Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Control, it is the process for
occupational health and safety risk management. An organizing need to identify
risks through the process of finding, recognizing, and describing the risk that is
present in the workplace.

HIRARC is included Hazard Identification, Risk assessment, and Risk control.
Hazard Identification is the recognizing of things that may cause injury or harm to
a person. We can see through incident piling work on construction, that the
authorities shall take the responsibility to inspect the heavy machines daily prior
to commencement of work, therefore, it can prevent any incident during working.
Risk assessment is the looking possibility of injury or harm occurring to a person if
exposed to a hazard. Lastly, Risk control is the introduction of measures that will
eliminate or reduce the risk of a person being exposed to a hazard. There are 5
principles of risk assessment which is identifying the hazards, deciding who might
be harmed and how, evaluating the risk and taking action to prevent them,
recording your finding, and reviewing the risk assessment.

The purpose of hazard identification is to determine the critical operation of tasks.
In this case study of piling work, most incidents happened cause of the collapse of
pile driving equipment, and loss of loads where piles were being hoisted. This is
due to the authorities do not carry out the inspection before any work commence.
The risk assessment process should be continuous and should be continues and
should not be regarded as a one-off exercise.

a) OBJECTIVE

Construction site accident are always happened in every year. In line with
the efforts to reduce the rates of accidents in construction is to always do research
or inspection before do work commence. In relation on construction sites in
Malaysia the objectives of the study cases in Malaysia are to determine the current
safety practices and to identify the strategies to reduce the safety practices
related problems. Besides, according to Occupational Accident Statistics by Sector
Until March 2020 (Reported by DOSH only) the rates in Malaysia that involved minor

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and major incident are 72 workers. In addition, in the sector of construction we
need to emphasize on identifying the cause of the incident on construction sites.

This is very important because from the identify of the cause, we can record it
hence if the event happen again, the authorities can refer from the record that
have been recorded. Furthermore, the objective of the study case is to provide the
current information to workers and provide training safety and health so that the
workers know how to act when unexpected things happen and the workers will
more deeply sensitive about PPE usage before work commence. Also, to create
awareness towards the risk that might danger to employees and employers. This
could be the “falling teaches us to walk safely” talk or the “caution is the parents
of safety” speech. Last but not least, make a batter management system in the
workplace on construction sites. Yet, discipline employees who behave in ways to
harm themselves or others.

b) PRINCIPLE OF HIRARC

The principle of HIRARC is to manage safety and health in a workplace so
the work will be more organized. Otherwise, managing safety and health will
develop the employers and employees to be more aware of every hazard in the
workplace. Indeed, in section 15(2)a(a) of OSHA, the provision and maintenance
and system of work that is, as far as is practicable safe and without risk to health.

c) BENEFIT OF HIRARC

An accident can define as unplanned event insulting an individual harm or in
property damage. The accident can become worse if authorities did not take
action about the incident that has happened in the workplace. Besides, inspection
should be performed to prevent further similar event and any business loss.
Furthermore, an accident also can be prevented if moral and knowledge has been
applied to employees and employers. When we applying HIRARCH in construction
site during working, indirectly will be able to improve the quality of work in
construction. Also, the incident happened in construction created awareness to
reduce the fatalities and temporary loss disabilities.

On the other hand, employers should take action in making work procedure before
work commence because by making work procedure help work more orderly in
terms of performing inspection heavy machine which is piling thoroughly examined
by approved person at least once in 12 months. Regardless of the fact that,
proactive effort to implement risk management system can prevent the majority of
incident indirectly can save cost by being proactive instead of reactive. It is
because a good plan and organize schedule can make the employee’s work more
efficient and safer and they can get home safely without any harm.

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d) FEATURES
As a manager or the owner of the factory, it is not necessary to look down

on the safety and health problems and hope the workers and authorities can obey
conditions in the workplace to comply with national and international standards.
Every prevention should take seriously because it can give an impact on the work
environment and need to be carefully planned in consultation with the relevant
stakeholders. The key element of successful safety and health management is
shown in Figure 1.0

Figure 1.0
Policy Development

Effectively safety and health management require the development of a
comprehensive policy that not only meets national and international standards but
also contributes to the overall business performance of your company. In other
words, from the policy, everyone needs to understand the company’s approach to
safety and health as well as its response. Also, to reduce the financial losses and
liabilities and to achieve a safe and healthy working environment. The key
principle and objective of the organization are to protect the safety and health of
all members of the organization by preventing work-related injuries, ill health,
disease, and incident. Other than that, to comply with the relevant OSH national
law and regulation, voluntary programs collective agreement on OSH and other
requirements to which the organization subscribes. Lastly, continually improving
the performance of the OSH management system. In addition, the safety and
health policy must be written in the form and be concise, readily understood by all
stakeholders, approved/dated by the managing director/management team/board,
and brought to the attention of all workers, supervisors, and managers, etc. A
strong culture has several characteristics in common which are communication. Be
in a format and language that all workers can understand. Also, express
management’s responsibility and commitment to the protection of the workers.

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Organization – responsibility and accountability

Ensuring that safety and health is a line management responsibility that is
known and accepted at all levels, establishing effective arrangements to identify,
measure, and control related hazards and risks, and promoting health at work.
Provide appropriate resources which as money, time, and training so that those
workers and supervisors gave responsible for safety and health in construction and
can carry out their duties properly. Organization arrangements include assisting
with the establishment of joint safety and health committees. Moreover, keeping
the records of inspections, accidents, and ill-health.

Planning and implementation.

Having developed the policy and made the organizational arrangement, it is
time to implement the policy and this requires careful planning and coordination
to be successful. Once the inspection has taken place, it is important to draw up a
plan, develop programs, and procedures, and establish priorities based on relative
risks. Last but now least, it can also minimize the risks to safety and health and
give you a baseline against which all future standards can be measured. Figure 1.1
is an example of a risk matrix table :

Figure 1.1 risk matrix table

Figure 1.2 Risk range

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Figure 1.3 Hazard Identification

Figure 1.4 Risk Analysis

Figure 1.5 Risk Analysis
Evaluation

Evaluation is to monitor safety and health performances on regular basis. To
ensure all good, good initial progress and enthusiasm wane and standards slip.
Furthermore, evaluation is up to management to establish procedures to monitor,
measure, and record safety and health performances on the construction site. It is
also to investigate injuries, disabilities, ill health diseases, and near misses. The
act should be taken to notification and reported to authorities. Then, investigate
the procedure that should be taken and the resolution of the safety and health
committee. Also, do corrective action toward the incident.

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e) TOOL TO MEASURE
For many years, the organization has struggled with the notion of

implementing and achieving a ‘good safety culture. HSE’s emerging views on this
dynamic and important subject. In HSE helps to share ideas with others across the
world. The information that HSE give will helps to improve the quality environment
in workplace.

Figure 1.0
This method is to provide current information on the progress and current
status of the strategies, processes and activities used by an organization to control
risks to health and safety.
When it comes to this case study, when the piling rig fall down and crashed
the Axia car, the construction manager will take action when this kind of event
happened. Also, HSE’s role is to achieve an outcome of no injuries or work-related
ill-health, and satisfy stakeholder, health and safety risk need to be controlled.

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2.0 BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY

Introduction
In Piling Hazard related topics, specifying the use of piles should be aware and

assess the risks from the following principal hazards. It is important when the risks
cannot be eliminated or reduced during process. Principal contractor must control
the hazards and risks as outlined in his construction phase plan.

Examples of Hazard
 Health hazards such as contact with contaminated risings or groundwater
and contact with hazardous materials or dusts.
 Noise, vibration
 Contact with plant or machinery during lifting, slewing and pitching of
piling elements. the movement of piling rigs etc.
 Plant instability caused by gradients, variable ground conditions, and/or
inadequate bearing capacity
 Hazards of buried or overhead services
 Collapse of excavations, nearby structures etc.

Pile foundations are responsible for transmitting heavy concentrated loads of the
superstructure to the underlying competent strata. Installation of pile foundations
requires a lot of heavy-duty equipment, which makes it essential to follow the
standard safety protocols.
Piling Rig
A construction machine mainly used to drill/create piles in soil, clay, etc. Widely
used for cast-in-place piles, diaphragm walls, and foundation reinforcement.
Generally with crawler chassis, box-type mast, and telescopic drill pipe. Mainly
used in foundation engineering of elevated roads, bridges, industrial and civil
buildings, slope protection and others.

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Key components of a safe piling rig operational plan include:
1. Adequate pre-planning, such as does an area accessible to vehicles with
sufficient space to unload items up to 20m in length.
2. Working platform a designated area of the site which the piling rig will travel
during its delivery to site, piling operations, and removal. The ground must be
free-draining to prevent the build-up of water and slurry.
3. Working Platform Certificate The use of ‘Working Platform Certificates’ is
increasingly being seen as -

 the correct procedures have been followed
 the ground is adequate to support the piling rig
 there are no irregularities that could result in local subsidence and toppling
4. Inspection of piling by daily checks. Equipment should be inspected at the
start of each shift or during operations.
5. Inspection of the site during piling. Excavations, trenches, or other holes dug
must be properly backfilled to avoid creating soft spots that might give way under
the tracks of a piling rig.
6. A task specific Risk Assessment and Method Statement should be conducted to
include all hazards and foreseeable risks relating to the delivery to site, erection,
use, movement, dismantling, and removal from site of the piling rig.
7. Operator training. All workers involved (e.g. the piling rig operator; lifting
supervisor; rigger and signalman/banksman) should be trained and competent in
their specific duties.
8. Permits to Work should be prepared by a person familiar with the piling work
procedures, the hazards involved and the precautions to be taken.
9. A qualified banksman who must always be in the line of sight of the operator
to supervised piling rig movements.
10. Pre-planning should include consideration of mobile maintenance and refueling
stations so that such operations can be brought to the rig and conducted without
tracking the rig backwards and forwards to fixed maintenance or refueling points.

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3.0 DISCOVER ANALYSIS

a) FACTORS IN THE ACTIVITY THAT CAUSED THE ACCIDENT

As reported in the article above, there were stated one of the possible factors that
can be a reason the pile rig to fall and causing the death of the pair of husband
and wife. Stated factor was the possibility of the pile rig’s iron wheel to be slipped
from its holder that causes instability of the pile rig. Besides the one stated,
there’s also few other possible factors that may cause such incident to happen.
These are the factors and how it can be the reason:
1. Misconduct of the Operator

- The operator may have operated his machinery recklessly that cause the
pile rig to have a sudden change of motion resulting the overturn/fall.

2. Ground break uneven
- There is also possibility of the ground where the rig placed during the
incident break up due to it cant withstand the weight of the machinery. A
soil failure. This will make the rig sunk into the soil and creates instability.
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3. Unfitness of machinery
- If the pile rig has not been inspected for a period of time, the machine may
have problem especially on its movement that may cause it to be in order
and hard to operate by the operator resulting a hard swerve that cause
overturn

4. Overload Carry
- Each machinery has its own maximum load to carry. There is possibility that
the rig is heavy compare supposed load bearing that can be carry by its body.

b) ROOTS OF ACCIDENT
After a thorough investigation have been made, the roots of accident were

detected due to the piling rig was place on a weak strength ground which cant
withstand the load and weight of the rig. When the ground cant withstand the load
from the rig, no matter how the rig base was spread to enlarge its stability, the rig
will go down together with the soil/earth underneath. Its like a building built with
a strong foundation but built on a poor strength earth such as sand and yellow soil.

During the incident, the rig conductor was lifting a cast iron plate to place on the
ground for a stronger base substitution (to place the rig on a proper stronger and
more even surface). The conductor was just about to place the iron plate to be the
substitution base but the rig is now moving on a soft ground while lifting. As the
ground was soft, resulting ground to unable to withstand rig’s load, the ground
break and the rig felt. From here we can say that the contractor wanted to create

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a proper strong and even surface for the placement/base of the rig but as they
about to prepare the base, this happens. In my opinion, the base was supposed to
be place even before the rig drive into the area of work to always ensure enough
strength to withhold the rig’s load. This does point to a misconduct due to
improper planning during transportation of rig to site or the planning of rig’s
mobility.

c) WHO SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE TO THE ACCIDENT?

When such incident happened
involving the death of civilian,
DOSH will immediately send their
Officers to location to do
investigation on how the incident
happen and to find all roots and
who to blame on such occurrence.
The order of site to be close is a
proper and normal procedure to be
done to do further investigation
and to reset site to a proper and
safe condition before it can
continue work. All site condition
and safety will be check thoroughly
by the DOSH Officers. They will
then request for all Safety
Department documentations to be
submit to them for proper checking.
The documents including HIRARC,
Method Statements, Personal
Protection Equipment List,
Induction Report and etc. This is to
ensure there will be no more of
such occurrence to happen in future.

This case is obviously a fault done by the contractor in charge which is the West
Course Expressway Sdn. Bhd. But who is the one or the specific personnel that
should take responsibility of such incident? We will make a review and discussion
at some of the personnel who should answer to the why and how this fatal
accident happened.

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Based on the report by Berita
Harian, 3 personnel were
arrested to assist in the
investigation by the Klang Utara
District Police. They are the
Piling Rig Conductor,
Construction Manager and the
Health and Safety Officer of the
Project. We will discuss
thoroughly of why these 3
personnel was arrested and yet
we would like to bring forward
another 2 more personnel to
discuss about their responsibility
on this which is the Machinery
Supervisor and the Traffic
Officer. The 5 personnel that
should take responsibility of the
incidents are:

 Construction Manager
 Piling Rig Conductor
 Safety and Health Officer
 Machinery Inspector
 Traffic Officer

CONSTRUCTION MANAGER

When a team lose, the one who first
to answer is of course the leader. This
is why the Construction manager were
arrested. All the Authorize personnel
of the project will surely report to
him and he should always be aware of
any activities that is ongoing at site.

Construction Manager should check
each progress and technical process to
be done at site. On this case, the Construction Manager should know how the
movement of the Pile Rig to its position. This happen when the Construction
Manager trust his employee and only focus on the progress instead of taking care
of the process itself.

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Besides that, he as a Construction Manager should have known that the Site are
located in urban area with traffic access for the public. He should have ordered a
proper planning on how the work should be done to ensure no fatal or hazards
might happen to his workers and the public.

The Construction Manager may be investigated under the Section 15,16,17,18 of
the Occupational Safety and Health 1994 representing the company as he is the
company representative.

 Section 15, OSHA 1994 - General Duties of the Employers to their employees;
due to the accident happened resulting the injury of the employee.

 Section 16, OSHA 1994 - Duty to Formulate safety and Health Policy; to
know whether the method statement of doing the work involving heavy
machinery which in this case is the pile rig, were followed accordingly

 Section 17, OSHA 1994 - Duty of the employer to persons other than his
employees; as this case does resulting to a death of two public.

 Section 18, OSHA 1994 - Duty of Occupier of a workplace to persons other
than his employee; same as above where this case involved the death of two
public.

 And if found guilty, based on section 19, he or she may be sentenced to
Maximum 2 years of imprisonment or Penalty of RM 50,000.00 or both. In
2022, the Penalty has been amended to RM 500,000.00.

PILING RIG OPERATOR

As the first hand to the incident, the one who directly involved, the one who
conduct the activity that cause the fatality, its absolute that the operator will be
the one to take responsibility. He is the first one that need to answer on any
question on the incident.

As a Piling Rig Operator, this
person is qualified as a Competent
Person as stated in the Section 29,
FMA 1967; and BOWEC1986 Piling
Regulations No 127; only a trained
and competent operator can
operate such heavy machinery and
should be a person who is very
good in every inch of his Job.

He should have known to always put the base iron plate even before he even go on
top of the newly compacted surface no matter the surface is dry or wet. To set a
strong, balance and even surface for the machinery to stand on is one of the basic
and a must practice by a competent conductor.

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Base on the investigation, the pile rig felt due to imbalance as the earth/surface
where the rig stand is soft/low strength. As we can see in the article, the ground
was breaking apart as the rig’s wheel dug into it. This is a negligence of
malpractice by the Pile Rig Operator that should have known his basic as it was all
taught in the training before one operator may get his license.

The Pile Rig Operator should be investigated Under the Factory and Machinery
Act(FMA) Building Operations and Works of Engineering construction (BOWEC1986);
General Provision Regulations No.5, Piling Regulations no 134 and Section 24,
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)1994.

 BOWEC 1986, General Provisions No.5 -Fencing of Machinery and Safety; an
operator should only agree to work when his area was cleared or by least
being fence by safe perimeter from any unauthorized personnel as he should
be more aware of the risk and hazard of his own machinery.

 BOWEC 1986, Piling Regulations No 134 -Footing; the Pile Rig Operator
should inquire of the ground strength and firmness before proceed to bring
in his machinery into the site. He is also obligated to prepare a strong
footing for his rigger by placing the iron plate even before he landed on the
newly compacted ground. As we can see from the article, the footing was
poor resulting to the fall of the pile rig that ended stomping the two public.

 BOWEC 1986, Penalty Regulations No 154 - Any found guilty of so will be
sentence to a fine of Up to RM 2,000.00.

 Section 24, OSHA 1994 - General Duties of Employee at Work (1); to always
take reasonable care for safety and health of himself or others who may be
affected by his omissions at work. If found guilty, to be sentenced to
Imprisonment of not more than 3 months, Fine of RM 1,000.00 or Both.

SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER

Anything involving hazards, risk, fatality
and accident at site, will surely be the
responsibility of the Safety and Health
Officer. That is the why the Safety and
Health Officer (SHO) were taken into
custody or to assist the investigation. No
matter what accident happen at site; he
must be responsible as he is the one who
in charge of all safety at work. He is like
a caretaker of all the sheep in the farm; a sheep gone, even though its the wolf
who stole it, its still a question to be answer by the caretaker to his master. All

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souls on site were his responsibility. The SHO will surely be question on his
inspection activities, has he done any induction or reminded all the personnel
involve on safety and precautions on that day, is he aware or not of the work done
and how the piling work done, has he built HIRARC base on the work to be done
and so on. He also will be required to hand in all his Safety Department records
and documentation to determine whether he did his job or not. When the site is
registered with DOSH, the SHO will also be the employer’s Representative to
observe and to inspect all work activity and to ensure there is no risk towards the
company personnel or the public and no safety rules are to be broken.

In this case, the SHO will surely be investigate base on ALL the available policies
and regulations that exist might it be the OSHA 1994, FMA 1967, or BOWEC 1986. If
he is proven to be guilty against any of the clause available, he will be considered
to doing negligence of malpractice as a Safety Officer.

Most probable clause for him to be charge against is the Section 24 OSHA on his
responsibility as Employee and also the Section 15,16,17,18,19 of OSHA 1994 for
the Employer Section as he is the Employer’s Representative to guide all personnel
in workplace on Safety and Health.

MACHINERY INSPECTOR

Before any work involving heavy machinery, it is a must for this person to do
proper inspection on the machinery’s fitness, who will operate it, what work and
which suitable machine to use, where the machinery is going to be use, and so on.
Every single inch of the machinery’s safety and usage are to be taken care by this
Machinery Inspector.

In this West Course Expressway case,
the machinery inspector should have
known earlier that the machine has to
work on a strong and compact surface
and to ensure, he should order the
placement of iron plate as footing/base
even before he allowed the pile rig to
enter the site/work area. Once the
inspection was done thoroughly
including the proper work base for the
heavy machinery has been set, then the
machinery inspector can approve or
allow the work to start.

In this case, the Machinery Inspector has overlooked the preparation of iron plate
base when moving pile rig into the site area and never inquiry of the ground
strength before implementation of work. That is why the Pile Rig happen to felt
when it wanted to set the base for its footing.

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The one thing must always to be taken note about a new site is that the ground
might not yet been compacted to its final load or the ground strength might not be
at its best strength after the site clearing were done. Therefore, it is best for the
Machinery Inspector or the Operator to inquiry of the ground strength from the site
engineer before proceed any work at high load.

This machinery Inspector can be investigated by Section 24, OSHA 1994 of the
General Duties of Employee; as well as to be investigated his practice base on all
clause in BOWEC 1986 and the FMA 1967. This is also one example of carelessness
and malpractice at work resulting accident.

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT OFFICER

Whenever there is life traffic or any access of public vehicle passing through
the site/work area, it is a must to prepare a proper and safe route for the public
passer around the radius parameter. If possible, no traffic should can enter the
site or going near the danger radius parameter during critical work is ongoing.

In this case, the Axia car passing through the site were unaware of possible hazard
that may have fall onto them. The Traffic Management Officer (TMO) together
with the SHO should have investigate the probable radius of danger area and set a
parameter or by best to set a re-route or diversion away from the work area.
Maybe there was a limitation to do so but the traffic management team should be
present during heavy lifting activity nearby public route.

Should the TMO has order
and arrange a proper re-
route/diversion, even if
the piling rig falls, it
wont endanger the safety
of public passer. Besides,
if the TMO and the SHO
happen to realize the
probable area of danger,
and set a barricade base
on the parameter, this
type of incident may not
happen.

To blame on TMO in this case is quite subjective as the TMO does report his
planning and work to the SHO, yet if its investigated under Section 24, OSHA 1994
and the TMO found guilty as not to prepare proper safe route with or without
acknowledgement of the SHO, he might as well be sentenced accordingly.

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d) HOW TO PREVENT SUCH ACCIDENT?

1. Hazard Investigation, Risk Assessment & Risk Control (HIRARC)

 The contractor should do a thorough discussion and proper listing of
any possible activity to be done according to each process of the work
before commencement. Hazard Investigation, Risk Assessment and Risk
Control (HIRARC) shall always be the guide in every activity to detect any
potential risk and hazard to the workers, personnel and the public. With the
implementation of HIRARC, all prevention of possible hazard and risk may
be prepared to ensure no more of such incident to happen.

 In this case, of falling pile rig; such incident occurrence is very rare
yet almost never happened but once it happened, it may result to at least 1
fatality and a huge amount of property damage. Such incident might never
happen before but it should be an eye opener and an example to every
future project to take into account of possibility of such hazard involves
during preparation before piling work start.

2. Preparation of a Safe Working Space/Area.

 The contractor/employer should always ensure the site to always be
a safe may it be to the workers or other parties besides the site personnel
such as public and consultant. This is mentioned in Section 15,16,17 and 18
in the Occupational Safety and Health 1994 act on employers’ duties.

 Safety and Health officer of the contractor should act as the
Employee’s representative to ensure the site is always at super safe
condition and all hazards and risk are prevented and detected.

 Base on the issue in this case study, this site is actually safe but the
carelessness of not putting a proper footing for the pile rig that create the
rig sung into soil due to the low strength and low stability of soil.

 Therefore, the contractor should ensure that the working area for the
pile rig is safe to work at by doing a proper load test on the ground to
confirm the strength and always remind the operator and machinery
inspector to create a proper footing.

3. Practice Proper Operating Discipline. (Only Competent Person)

 The pile rig operator and the machinery inspector are supposed to be
well trained and competent as a person who is handling a very risky machine.
They should always care for every procedure even to take care of the
slightest possible hazard like the preparing of proper footing for the pile rig.

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 When all procedure and training are well followed, this type of
incident can be prevented to its max.
 Base in this case, the operator and inspector never thought of such
act to put proper footing before lifting and place the other iron plate for
footing at the designated place.
4. Proper Planning and High cooperation during High-Risk Work
 Piling works is a very risky work. Therefore, each personnel of the
contractor team should cooperate with each other to think and care for any
possible risk. Then all are to work together base on the planning.
 As example, the TMO should prepare a safe route every time piling
work commence and report to the SHO. SHO then need to confirm the area
is safe by checking the strength of ground with the engineers, and then to
tell it to the Machinery Inspector. The inspector has to inspect the
machinery and its footing before he then gives permission to the operator to
start. The TMO team will always be aware of any possible lifting or hazard
that may go across public’s route.

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e) HIRARC
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4.0 CONCLUSION

From the level of implementation, the effectiveness of the implementation,
and the feedbacks from the client’s consultants, and the result and comparison of
HIRARC has shown its effectiveness in reducing accidents on construction sites. It
can be conclude that the implementation of HIRARC is indeed effective in reducing
accidents on construction sites. Which risks are in high and extreme level there
possible corrective action also recommended for risk control. When managing
safety on construction sites, HIRARC should be encouraged and made compulsory.
While gaining credentials from consultants as well the implementers themselves,
HIRARC is proven to be effective in controlling hazards and leads to the
minimization of construction accidents.

5.0 REFERENCES

 DOSH- Jentera Cerucuk Tumbang .Retrieved on 03 June 2022.
https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/ms/osh-global-news/538-info-
kkp/amaran-keselamatan/amaran-keselamatan-2016/1834-collapse-of-
piling-rig-machinery

 Astro AWANI- Jentera Cerucuk besi Hempap Kereta,DOSH arah Henti Kerja
Pembinaan. Retrieved 03 June 2022
https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/jentera-cerucuk-besi-
hempap-kereta-dosh-arah-henti-kerja-pembinaan-121557

 Berita Harian- Pemandu Jentera Cerucuk Besi Ditahan.Retrieved 03 June
2022
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.bharian.com.my/amp/taxonomy/ter
m/11/2016/11/209872/pemandu-jentera-cerucuk-besi-ditahan

 Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 , Laws Of Malaysia Act 514

 Factory and Machinery Act 1967, Laws Of Malaysia Act 139

 Factory and Machinery ( Building Operations and Works of Engineering
Construction(Safety) Regulations 1986, Factories and Machinery Act
1967(Act 139), P.U(A) 328/1986, Federal Subsidiary Legislation

 Anker, R. (2000) Conceptual and research frameworks for the economics of
child labour and its elimination. Working Paper. ILO IPEC. Available at
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267718525_Conceptual_and_res
earch_frameworks_for_the_economics_of_child_labour_and_its_elimination
(Accessed: 15 May 2020).

 Fassa, A. G. et al. (2005) ‘Child labor and musculoskeletal disorders: The
pelotas (Brazil) epidemiological survey’, Public Health Reports, 120(6), pp.
665–674. Available at:
http://www.publichealthreports.org/userfiles/120_6/120665.pdf

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