LABU SAYONG

CERAMIC
DISCOVERY

GROUP MEMBER

NAME NO.MATRIX
WAN NUR SAKINAH BT WAN D20172080128

ABDULLAH ZUBIR D20172080145
SITI SALPARINA BINTI SAIMAN D20172080160
D20172081325
ANIRRA BINTI RAFFI D20172080162
NUR IZZAH BINTI IBNI HASHIM D20172081389

NASRAH BINTI SAHIMI
NUR HURIN AIN BT KHAIRUL NIDZAM

LECTURER NAME: PROF. MADYA DR. MOHAMED NOR AZHARI BIN AZMAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS Presentation

01 Introduction 02 • Advantages & disadvantages
- Definition • Substances Used.
- Characteristic

Ceramic Glaze 04 Sodium

03 • What is ceramic glaze? • Why it used
• Experiment
• Underglaze

• Overglaze 05 Conclusion

INTRODUCTION 01

“Ceramic are classified as inorganic and
non-metallic solid made up of either metal
or non-metal compounds that have been
shaped and hardened by heating to high
temperatures. In general, they are hard,

corrosion- resistance and brittle.”

-WHAT IS CERAMIC-

A Picture Is Worth
a Thousand Words

TRADITIONAL CERAMICS- POTTERY

 Pottery is one of the oldest human technologies that

found in Hunan Province in China that have been
carbon dated to 17,500-18,300 years old.

 There are 3 major types of pottery :

- Earthenware
- Stoneware
- Porcelain

PORCELAIN

Very hard, translucent white
ceramic. Porcelain was
used to make plates,
cups, vases and other
work of fine art

EARTHENWARE TYPES OF STONEWARE
POTTERY
Used extensively for pottery Clay is fired at high
tableware and decoration temperature (1200’c) until
objects. made-glass. Stoneware is

non-porous, glaze is
applied only for
decoration.

5 CHARACTERISTIC OF CERAMIC

DIRT STAIN SLIP

RESISTANCE RESISTANCE RESISTANCE

Ceramic & porcelain The stain resistance of Involves two factor, the
tiles do not retain dust ceramic and porcelain tile more your floor will
or residues as easily exposed to spill, the
as many other flooring varies depending on its
capacity to resist moisture higher you need for slip-
surfaces resistance floor tiles.

COLOR HYGIENE
PERMANENCE

Color is fired into a The surfaces of ceramic and
tiles clay body or onto porcelain does not easily retain
antigen or allergens, nor do they
a tiles glazed absorbs fume, odors or smoke.
surfaces, fading does

not occur.

02 ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES

SUBSTANCES USED

ADVANTAGES OF CERAMIC

HIGH HARDNESS NON-MAGNETIC HIGH CORROSION RESISTANT

They normally have a very They are non-magnetic Ceramic are non-metallic, non-
high hardness (70-90 and excellent insulator ferrous. They don’t corrode in the
HRc) and elastic due to the lack of free same way as metals when exposed
electron in most ceramic
to water and other hazardous
HIGH ELASTIC LOW THERMAL chemicals.
MODULUS EXPANSION
ABILITY TO RUN WITHOUT
Ceramic are resistant to Stable manner at high LUBRICANT
shape change when loads temperatures meaning there Ceramic materials don’t micro-weld.
is less thermal expansion. It Micro-welding happens, typically with
are applied along with
improved wear characteristic takes a great deal more metals, when the surfaces
energy to increase the bond imperfections on the rolling element
length of a covalent bond in
comparison to a metallic ionic and raceway interact with one
another causing an electric arc.
bond.

DISADVANTAGES OF CERAMIC

HIGH-COST SENSITIVE TO THERMALSHOCK

Ceramic are substantially When the temperature gradient within the
more expensive than their material causes a differential expansion, which

metal counterparts. results in an internal stress. This stress can
exceed the strength of the material thus forming
LOWER LOAD
CAPACITIES a crack.

Have lower load capacities in DIFFICULT TO ACHIEVE A HIGH QUALITY
comparison to metals. SURFACE FINISH

Possible to grind them to a Ra 0.1 surface finish which
allows a p5 precision class to be achieved.

WHAT ARE THE SODIUM
SUBSTANCE USED IN SILICATE

CERAMICS ?

CLAY SOIL

WATER

SUBSTANCE DEFFINITION EXAMPLE

WATER Ceramics are generally made by taking mixtures of clay, earthen
CLAY OF SOIL elements, powders, and water and shaping them into desired forms.
SODIUM SILICATE Once the ceramic has been shaped, it is fired in a high temperature oven
known as a kiln. Water is the most important ceramic material, it is
present every body or glaze and either the enabler or a participant in
almost every ceramic process and phenomena.

Earthenware clays are the most commonly found across the world and
quite easy to work with. The colors that can be found in Earthenware are
brown, red, orange, medium grey, and white. This particular clay
contains high amounts of iron and a number of mineral impurities.
Earthenware is commonly used in the making of terra cotta pots and
roofing tiles. In comparison to other clay types, earthenware fires at the
lowest temperatures with pottery achieving the desired hardness.

Sodium silicate is the common name for a compound sodium
metasilicate, Na2SiO3, and is also referred to as liquid glass. Sodium
silicate is commonly used in ceramics as a deflocculant in slip
preparation by neutralizing the charges of particles in the slip. This is a
pure sodium silicate solution and should be mixed with water to a 50/50
solution for most casting bodies. In ceramics, sodium silicate can also be
used in surface decoration to create a crackled surface texture on pots.

03 CERAMIC
GLAZE

WHAT IS CERAMIC
GLAZE ?

POTTERY 1.3

POTTERY 1.2

POTTERY 1.1

Glaze is a glossy DEFINITION Besides adding beauty to the ware, the
coating on ceramics. glaze makes it waterproof. Glazed ware is
less likely to discolor and is easier to clean.
The word Glaze
means any extra Do not use glazes containing lead for ware
surface coating. intended for food or drink due to lead
poisoning danger.
Glaze is a glass-
like substance put The color of glaze before it has been fired
over the ceramics. may be significantly different than what it

When it is fired, the looks like when it has been fired
glass-like particles
melt to produce a To prevent glazed wares sticking to the kiln
during firing it is important that the base of
smooth effect.
the ceramic object is left unglazed

TYPES OF GLAZE

UNDERGLAZE OVERGLAZE

• An underglaze is a colored glaze used for painting • Overglaze decoration, overglaze enamelling or on-glaze
or decorating before another glaze is applied. decoration is a method of decorating pottery, most often
porcelain, where the coloured decoration is applied on top of the
• An underglaze is a method of decorating pottery already fired and glazed surface, and then fixed in a second
in which painted decoration is applied to the surface firing at a relatively low temperature, often in a kiln.
before it is covered with a transparent ceramic glaze
and fired in a kiln. • The overglaze will likely be transparent or white, and of a
stable composition, unlikely to drip or merge with the
• Underglaze decoration uses pigments derived underglaze.
from oxides which fuse with the glaze when the
piece is fired in a kiln. • Overglazes are applied after the ware has been glazed and
fired.
• The underglaze will contain oxides as colourants.

LABU SAYONG PROCESS Preparing the clay Market

-Water is added to the clay powder and sodium silicate is added to -Ready for introduction into commerce.
the mixture to produce a batter.
Sorting and Packing
Kneading and Wedging
-Process that separates items according to destination.
-Water is poured and remaining clay is taken out and put
Baking (2nd Firing)
on a plaster slab to be kneaded and wedged.
-Firing is the process of adding heat to the ceramic material.
Shaping
Burnt at only temperature of 850˚C.
-Desired amount of clay is put on the potter’s wheel. The water
container is shaped like a gourd by rotating the potter’s wheel. Glazing (Overglaze)

Drying -Colored the ceramic product with a ‘shiny’ surface.

-The labu sayong is set to dry. Take one day to three days Baking (1st Firing)

according to the size and weather. -The ceramic products are baked In a kiln at a temperature

Glazing (Underglaze) of 1200˚C for 10 hours depending on the size and purpose.

-Decorated pottery with painted decoration before it is covered with

transparent ceramic glaze.

SODIUM 04

WHY Sodium is a slightly more
SODIUM IS powerful glaze flux than
USED AT
CERAMIC ? potassium.

Sodium belongs to the Alkaline group.

Sodium produces bright and brilliant
glaze surfaces and gives strong color
responses to copper, cobalt, and iron.

WHAT IS SODIUM SILICATE? WHY IT IS USED IN THE FUN FACT ABOUT SODIUM
MAKING OF CERAMIC? CERAMIC

• Sodium silicate, commonly • Because sodium silicate is • ATOMIC NUMBER: 11
known as “waterglass”. sticky and dries hard, it • ELEMENT CATEGORY: ALKALI METAL
can be used as a glue to • ELECTRONS PER SHELL: 2, 8, 1
• Sodium silicate products are bind ceramic particles • MELTING POINT: 370.944 K
manufactured as solids or together, even
thick liquids, depending on aggregates. (97.794°C, 208.029°F)
intended use. • BOILING POINT: 1156.090 K
• On firing it forms a
• waterglass functions as a ceramic bond. (882.940°C, 1621.292°F)
sealant in metal components. • DENSITY (NEAR R.T.): 0.968 G/CM3
• DENSITY WHEN LIQUID (AT M.P.): 0.927

G/CM3
• CRITICAL POINT: 2573 K, 35 MPA

(EXTRAPOLATED)
• HEAT OF FUSION: 2.60 KJ/MOLE
• HEAT OF VAPORIZATION: 97.42

KJ/MOLE
• MOLAR HEAT CAPACITY: 28.230

J/(MOLE·K)

EXPERIMENT

IS T H E R E A D I F F E R E N C E
BETWEEN CERAMIC MADE WITH AND

WITHOUT SODIUM SILICATE?

LETS FIND OUT….

SUBSTA NCES USED

- 250g CLAY SOIL
- 200ml WATER
- 5ml SODIUM SILICATE

WITH SODIUM SILICATE

EXPERIMENT 1

SUBSTANC ES:C LAY SOIL, SODIUM SILIC ATE AND WATER

1. ADD CLAY 2. ADD SODIUM 3. ADD W A T E R 4. DRY IT UNDER
SOIL IN A SILICATE TO UNTIL THE THE SUN.
BOWL. THE CLAY SOIL. MIXTURE CAN BE
MOLDED INTO
PLATE LIKE
STRUCTURE.

WITHOUT SODIUM SILICATE

EXPERIMENT 2

SUBSTANC ES:C LAY SOIL AND WATER

1. ADD CLAY 2. ADD WATER 3. MOLD THE 4. DRY IT UNDER
SOIL IN A TO THE CLAY MIXTURE INTO THE SUN.
BOWL. SOIL. PLATE LIKE
STRUCTURE.

EXPERIMENT RESULT 1

BEFORE DRY AFTER DRY

WITH • No cracks found at the edges around
SODIUM the plate.
SILICATE
• Colour is dark brown. Weight is heavier.
• Not easily brittle. Texture is quite hard

& not sandy.
• Not easily break and cracked.

EXPERIMENT 1

EXPERIMENT RESULT 2

BEFORE DRY AFTER DRY

• A lot of cracks at the edges around the WITHOUT
plate. SODIUM
SILICATE
• Color is light brown. Weight is light.
• Easily brittle. Texture is quite

sandy.
• Easily break and cracked

EXPERIMENT 2

CONCLUSION 05

-CONCLUSION OF THE DISCOVERY-

Labu Sayong is a pottery where it is made from clay soil, sodium
silicate and water then it is moulded to be form various shapes for different uses.
Clay coloured Labu Sayong do not undergo the burying process. The decoration of
traditional Labu Sayong including the carving techniques which is the motive of the
decoration was inspired from flora and fauna. Labu Sayong are commonly finished
in two ways whether it’s burned after moulded or went through underglaze and
overglaze process. Labu Sayong that are burned after moulded usually have
rough and sandy like texture. On the other hand, Labu Sayong that went
underglaze and overglaze process are more likely to achieve smooth and glass
like texture and are often a bit pricey than the ordinary ones. This innovative
technique to revive the Labu Sayong appearance is another of significant national
heritage icon.

CLICKHERE:
https://create.kahoot.it/share/discovery-of-
ceramic/1879c2a7-c8c2-43b5-be80-
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