E-Modul Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI

E- MODUL BAHASA INGGRIS
KELAS XI SEMESTER GENAP
UPT SMA NEGERI 9 SIDRAP

KS. KRISTIANTO, S.Pd

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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji Syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas limpahan rahmat-Nya sehingga
kami dapat menyelesaikan modul Bahasa Inggris untuk siswa kelas XI UPT SMA Negeri 9 Sidrap.
Modul ini disusun berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013. Modul ini juga dilengkapi dengan latihan soal untuk
menguji pemahaman siswa terkait dengan materi yang terdapat pada modul. Dalam modul Bahasa
Inggris akan dibahas tentang “Invitation, Personal Letters, Songs and Explanations Text”.

Kami menyadari masih banyak kekurangan dalam penyusunan modul ini. Oleh karena itu,
kami sangat mengharapkan kritik dan saran demi perbaikan dan kesempurnaan modul ini.

Kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada berbagai pihak yang telah membantu proses
penyelesain modul ini. Semoga modul ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua, khususnya para peserta
didik.

Sidenreng Rappang, 09 Desember 2020
Penyusun

KS. Kristianto, S.Pd

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DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

HALAMAN JUDUL ………………………………………....………………............. i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................................. ii
KATA PENGANTAR …...……………………………………………......................... iii
DAFTAR ISI …………………………………............................................................ iv

INVITATION ............................................................................................................... 2

PERSONAL LETTERS .................................................................................................. 10

SONGS ........................................................................................................................... 29

EXPLANATION TEXT ................................................................................................ 27

REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 33

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INVITATION

In Learning Activity , you will learn invitations. An InvitationLetter is a document that
presents a formal request for the presence of an individual, a group of people or an organization at
an event. An invitation may be formalor informal. It could be printed on paper or sent via email.
Invitation can be used for a variety of events such as weddings, graduation ceremonies, annual
dinners, anniversary parties and birthday parties. An invitation usually contains some information
about the host, the date and time of the event, the venue of the event and how to accept the
invitation. An invitation is usually sent many days in advance of the event, to give the invitees an
opportunity to respond to the invitation.

structures and the language features of a number of invitations, and making a number of
invitations which are contextually acceptable social function, text structure and language features
in regard to the contexts of situation are significant to be learned by you as the participants of
teacher profession. You can improve your comprehension, andyour English skills and competence
towards these materials.

In this learning activity, you will observe and comprehend the text structure, the language
features, the social function of a number of invitations regarding to their contexts of situation. You
will also produce a number of invitations which are contextually acceptable social function, text
structure and language features. To start with, youwill be exposed to some examples of written
and spoken invitation. You will also analyze the parts of invitations to see how different structures
of invitations present to meet their social / language purposes

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a. Attitude
To hope the student can apply religious values, moral values, ethical values, personal and social
values (honesty,discipline, accountability, independence), care and respect for differences and
diversity, tolerance, peace, collaboration, and nationalism.

b. Knowledge
1.The student can understand and compare the social functions, text structures, and grammatical
features of a number of formal invitations inthe contexts of situation.
2.The student can analyze the social functions, text structures, and language features of a number
of formal invitations in the contexts of situation.
3.The student can apply the knowledge to engage in social functions with formal invitations, in
grammatical features.

c. Skill
1.the student can analyse the differences and similarities between a number of formal and
informal invitations.
2. the student can make a formal or informal invitation
3. the student can practice a formal invitation or informal invitation

a. The defenition of Invitation
Invitation are very common in communication. People can convey in spoken or written

the invitation to invite someone for attending a certain event. Invitations must contain all
important information which based on the event. We are supposed to honor or respect person
that we invite and express that his/her attendance is welcomed.

Based on Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Invitation is the action of inviting or
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the state of being invited, a spoken or written request to go somewhere or do something.
An invitation card is used to invite someone to attend the event like birthday party, wedding
ceremony, informal dinner, etc.
b. The kind of invitation

Essentially, there are two types of invitation letters, they are :

1. Formal Invitation

Formal invitation letters are written for formal events, like graduation ceremonies or a
business event ot party.

2. Informal Invitation

Informal invitation is personal invitation given to friends or family, for events like dinner,
birthday party or get together.

c. Generic Structure of Invitation

The generic structure of the invitation :

1. Invited, someone or organization who is invited

2. Body, content of the invitation, the body of invitation contain:

 Occasion, what for do the invitation
 Day or Date,
 Time, the time by the held
 Place, the place of the party

3. Inviter, who makes the party
d. Social Function is to invite someone to attend/come an event
e. Language Features : using presen tense
f. Expression of Invitation
1. Inviting
 Let’s do our work pair this afternoon
 Let’s browse materials for our paper in the library
 Why don’t you join our study club?

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2. Accepting receiver
 Sure, no problem Subject
 Good idea! Let’s go now time
 I’d love to. Thank you
 Sure, Thank you place
3. Declining
 I’d love too, but I’m very tired. Let’s do it tomorrow sender
 Sorry, I can’t. I have to meet the principal now.
 Very sorry, I have already joined Maya’s study club.
 I’d love to, but I have promised to go with Andien.
The example of informal Invitation
Dialoge 1
Santi : Let’s go to the new bookstore!
Rini : Ok, I’d love to go.
Example of formal invitation

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1. Discussion forum
After we study about the materialof invitation, please make group and discus about the taks

below.
a. Find out an invitation text
b. Discus about the generic structure of the text

1. Summary
a.Defenition of Invitation
Invitation are very common in communication. People can convey in spoken or written
the invitation to invite someone for attending a certain event. Invitations must contain all
important information which based on the event. We are supposed to honor or respect person
that we invite and express that his/her attendance is welcomed.

b.The kind of invitation
Umumnya invitation letter, dikelompokkan ke dalam 2 jenis yaitu :
1. Formal Invitation
2. Informal Invitation

c.Generic Structure of Invitation
Strktur yang digunakan dalam membuat surat undangan yaitu :

1. Invited, Pihak yang diundang
2. Body, Isi undangan yang biasanya terdiri dari:

 Occasion, Untuk acara apa undangan ini
 Day or Date, Hari dan tanggal
 Time, Waktu yang ditetapkan
 Place, Tempat acara

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3. Inviter, Pihak yang mengundang
d.Social Function is to invite someone to attend/come an event
e.Language Features : using presen tense

TASK
Read the following text to answer questions number 1 and 2
Soft and sweet, a state of bliss
Our mommy-to be is expecting a
girl
Let's shower Desi Bestiana with
love
Friday, December 19th, 2017
At 4 p.m.
RSVP by December 16th, 2017-11-
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Aditya - 083855576876

1. From the text we can infer that ....
a.Desi Bestiana is going to deliver a baby
b.The party will be held in the morning
c.Desi Bestiana has delivered a baby boy
d.Desi Bestiana is a mother to be

2. Our mommy to be is expecting a girl What does the underlined word mean?
a.Recognizing
b.Admitting
c.Confessing
d.Waiting for

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Read the following text to answer questions number 3 and 4

STUDENT ORGANIZATION
SMP. Negri 13 Sinjai

JL. Persatuan Raya Lamatti Aruhu no 15
Telp (021) 4244612
Dear Sabrina

We invite you to attend our meeting that will be held:
On Saturday, August 8,2017
At 01.30 p.m. – 02.30 p.m.
In the school hall

Agenda= final preparation for the 2015 PENSI competition please com on time, see your there.

Nazmi, Farhan

Secretary Chair Person

3.The meeting will be held?
a.On Sunday, August 8,2017
b.On Saturday, August 8,2017
c.On Friday, June 8,2017
d.On Saturday, June 8,2017

4.Based on the text, we know that .…
a.The meeting will be held in the school hall
b.If you cloud not come, you should call Nazmi
c.The meeting only invites the committee
d.The meeting will be held in the morning

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PERSONAL LETTERS
A. INTRODUCTION

In this topic, we will learn about personal letter. Have you ever written a personal letter?, who did
you write it to?, what was it about? To answer this, you may read a brief description below.

Letter that usually concerns personal matters and it is sent from one individual to another such as
family members, relatives and friends, and love letters. People write and send personal letters for
only a small number of people to read—usually one or two. Writers can send personal letters for lots
of different reasons; short memos for business strategies, love letters between long-distances
sweethearts or even pen pal messages to foreign exchange students. Senders usually handwrite
personal letters, which emphasize the personal nature of the note.

2. Relevance

Able to identify the social functions, the structure, and the language features of personal letter,
understand the function of personal letter, the features of personal letter and understand how to
write a personal letter are significant to be learn. We can improve our comprehension and our
English skill and competence toward these materials.

3 Learning Guide

In this learning, we will study and understand the definition, social functions, structure and
language features of personal letters. For the first, we will be exposed to some example of personal
letter. We will also analyze the parts of personal letters to see how different structures of personal
letters.

B. MAIN SECTION

1. Learning Outcomes

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a. Attitude
To uphold and apply religious values, moral values, ethical values, personal and social
values (honesty, discipline, accountability, independence), care and respect for
differences and diversity, tolerance, peace, collaboration, nationalism.

b. Knowledge

1. Students can identify social functions, text structures, and linguistic elements of
simple personal letters

2. Students can compare various simple personal letters from various sources

3. Students can conclude the main idea in a simple personal letter
c. Skill

After learning this material, students are expected to be able:
1. Students can compile a simple written personal letter text
2. Students can write simple personal letter texts in writing by imitating examples that
have been studied

2. Learning Material and
Learning Activities

a. Definition of Personal Letter
A personal letter is written to a friend, a family member, or a relative. It uses personal
language that signifies intimacy between the sender and the recipient. However,
depending on the relationship between the two people, a personal letter may also sound
formal, for example when you are writing to a teacher. Please read the following
example of personal letter below.

Letter 1

Susie Ballie
124 Barker Street
Randwick, NSW
July 14 2017

Dear Christine,

I’m at the cutest litle cafe in Sydney while writing this letter. I’ve had a great time in this city.
Although I’ve only been here for a short time, I’ve learned many things. My mom always reminded

me that I should see the whole city, so I decided to go around the city all day on the weekend. So
far, I’ve seen Taronga Zoo, Harbour Bridge, Central Park, and The Old Town. I’ve been to the

opera house where I enjoyed a classical music concert.

The streets here are very crowded. I see people wearing beautiful winter coats and hats. It’s cold
here at this time of year; I have to wear a thick winter coat, hat and gloves. I hope you enjoy your
holidays too. Please write to me about your holiday

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I miss you. I’ll see you back in Makassar at the end of this month and so we can have fun together.

With Love,
Soraya

Letter 2
34 Redborough
London, 456
June 23 2017

Dear Yolanda,
How are you? I heard you are spending your summer vacation at home. I really wish I

could enjoy my summer. Instead, I have to work here to finish a project proposal.
Have you heard that Diana will leave our company? It is shocking news because as far

as I know she had just begun an important project a week ago. Nobody knows what has happened.
People said that she has got a personal problem. So, she decided to leave the office to solve it.
That’s why she also rejected her promotion as a manager three months ago. I do hope that she can
solve the problem soon.

As for me, I am quite busy with my new project. We are now in phase two in which
whole the process should be controlled intensively. I am leading the Embedded Systems Group
with Frank Schindler as Senior Project Manager. We are in charge of the operating system. My
team work well together so I’m enjoying my work. Whether I’ll feel the same way in three years.
I’m not sure. By then I might be ready to join you in Japan.

Don’t forget to reply to my letter and tell me about your summer vacation.
You Buddy,

Brian
b. Social Function of Personal Letter
The purpose of personal letter is to inform that the receiver that the sender wants to tell an
important thing like a personal feeling,thoughts or experiences which are meant to be read
by a specific person.

In social communication, there are many functions or purposes of personal letter, they are
used

~ To invite ...
~ To tell ...
~ To ask ...
~ To congratulate ...
`~ To express apologize, happiness, gratitude ...
~ To complain ...
~ To ask information / permission ...
The purposes of personal letter are based on the content in personal letter.

c. Generic Structure of Personal Letter
To make clear how to write a personal letter, below is some elements should be
included when writing a personal letter.

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1. Date: It is the month, day and year that the letter is written on.
2. Greeting: Some times we call it “salutation”. It is the introductory phrase. It can be a

phrase like: Dear Tono, Dear My friend, Dear My Brother, etc

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3. Body: All kinds of letter formal or informal have the letter body. This is the
complete text of the letter or the subject matter content.

4. Closing: It is the farewell phrase. That is a word that precedes the signature and is
followed by a comma. The phrases can be like; Yours truly, Sincerely, Respectfully
yours, Regards, etc.

5. Signature: This the place where you write your name and signature.

d. Language Features of Personal letter
1. Use the correct tense and grammar. Also, use the simple tense (present or past simple
tense)
2. The language style is very personal (first person and second person mostly used)
3. Contractions may be used
4. Slang can be used
5. Be warm
6. Write in natural, conversational style
7. Use the person’s name you are writing t

C. Closing Section

1. Summary
a personal letter is about personal feelings, thoughts, or experiences, which are meant to be
read by a specific person. The characteristic of a personal letter are: there is no letterhead;
there is no reference number; the greetings for opening and closing are varies; it is okay to
use informal language. To understand what the personal letter is and how to write the letter,
you need to identify and comprehend social function, generic structure, language features.
The language features of personal letter are as follows:
~ Use the correct tense and grammar. Also, use the simple tense (present or past simple
tense)
~ The language style is very personal (first person and second person mostly used)
~ Contractions may be used

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2. Reflection What I still want to know about writng
Complete the following table. personal letters in English

What I have learned about
Writing personal letters in English
What are the features of a personal letter ?

Did you face any difficulties when learning about writing personal letters in English? If you did,
What were they?

TASK
Answer the questions by crossing (x) a, b, c, d, or e in front of the right answer!

Read the following text to answer the question number 1 – 2

Apt BLK 30, Eunos St. #05 – 116
Singapore 1441
2nd April 2009
Dear Liza,
I have received you letter asking me to meet you
at your house this Sunday to discuss the urgent
matter you have. I regret however to say that it
will not be possible for me to see you on Sunday
as I already have a previous appointment . I shall
see you on Monday next week at 5 p.m . Hoping
the change of date will be convenient to you .

1. What does the letter tell about ….
A. Liza’s problem
B. Liza’s appointment letter
C. Daisy’s previous letter to Liza
D. Daisy’s regret for not being able to come
E. A meeting held at Liza’s house

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2. The letter is about the writer information expect….
A. Daisy recieved the letter from liza
B. Daisy would discuss about Liza’s problem
C. Daisy would see Liza in the afternoon on Monday
D. Daisy wanted to meet Liza on Monday morning
E. Daisy wanted to talk with Liza

3. What is different between formal letter and informal letter?
A. Formal letter has not signature and informal letter have it
B. A formal letter is a letter written to a business, a college or any professional and informal letter
is considered friends or family
C. The both of letter have not head letter
D. A formal letter is a letter for friends
E. Informal letter is a letter for a collage

Read the following text to answer the question number 4 – 5

Kupang, April 2, 2018
Dear Paula,
Hello Paula, how are you? It’s been a month
since l last heard from you. Well l just wanted
to tell you that I was in a hospital last week.
According to the doctor l was infected by
dengue fever.
At first, I felt my body became weak then
fainted when was studying in the classroom.
Then, I was taken to the hospital because of
the high fever.
At the hospital, I was brought into the
emergency unit. The doctor immediately gave
some treatments. Finally, l had to stay there for
one week. Everyday the doctor kept me on a
drip. At the seventh day, my condition was
getting better. After the final check, the doctor
gave me permission to go home. Now, I’m okay
and because of my illness, I am now more
careful about keeping in my house clean
especially my room, I don’t want to get the
same illness again.
OK, think that’s all from me, write to me soon
ok?
Regards
Nadira

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4. What did the writer do when she fast her body become weak?
A. She bought medicine
B. She consumed the medicine
C. She took a rest all day
D. She went to hospital
E. She does nothing
5. When Nadira send the letter?
A. Last week in the Hospital
B. Before she gets herillness
C. Last week after she gets better
D. One month after she gets a letter fromPaula
E. Before she gets her recovery

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SONGS

LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Knowledge
a) Through the Contextual teaching and learning model with the TPACK scientific approach,
students are able to conclude the social and non-linguistic functions of the song lyrics I Believe
I can fly are related to enthusiasm, seriousness, and care.
b) Through the Contextual teaching and learning model with the TPACK scientific approach,
students are able to show the main ideas of the lyrics of the song First love related to the lives
of teenagers with enthusiasm, seriousness, courtesy and care.
2. Skills
a) Through the Contextual teaching and learning model with the TPACK scientific approach,
students are able to sing songs with the correct pronunciation and word stress with enthusiasm,
seriousness, courtesy and care.
b) Through the Contextual teaching and learning model with the TPACK scientific approach,
students are able to analyze song lyrics with enthusiasm, seriousness, courtesy and care.
Pengetahuan

A. The Definition of song

A song is a short poem or other set of words set to music or meant to be sung.

B. The Type of Songs

1. Classical
Classical music is a very general term which normally refers to the standard music of

countries in the western world. It is music that has been composed by musicians who are
trained in the art of writing music (composing) and written down in music notation so that
other musicians can play it. Classical music may also be described as "art music" though it
was not good in classical period that term also Includes types of serious modern music which
are not classical. Classical music differs from pop music because it is not made just in order

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to be popular for time or just to be a commercial success. It is different from folk music which
is generally made up by ordinary members of society and learned by future generations by
listening, dancing and copying

2. Country
Country (also called country and western) is a genre of popular music that

originated with blues, old-time music, and various types of American folk
music including Appalachian, Cajun, Creole, and the cowboy Western music styles of New
Mexico, Red Dirt, Tejano, and Texas country. Its popularized roots originate in
the Southern and Southwestern United States of the early 1920s

3. Rock
Rock music is a genre of popular music. It developed during and after the 1960s in

the United States. It originally started in the 1940s and 1950s with the start of rock and roll.
Rock and roll grew out of rhythm and blues and country music.[1] Rock music is related to a
number of other genres such as blues and folk. It has influences from jazz, classical and other
music genres.

4. Hiphop or rap songs
Hip hop music, also known as rap music, is a genre of popular music developed in

the United States by inner-city African Americans and Latino Americansin the
Bronx borough of New York City in the 1970s. It consists of a stylized rhythmic music that
commonly accompanies , a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.[
5. Pop

Popular music (stylized pop music) is music with wide appeal that is typically
distributed to large audiences through the music industry. These forms and styles can be
enjoyed and performed by people with little or no musical training.

C. The Social Function of The Songs

The social functions of songs are:
a. To entertain the listeners.
b. To teach moral value through the lyrics of the songs.
c. To provide a way of managing the relationship between our public and private emotional life.
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d. To express personal feeling and cultural values.
e. To give someone to not only share their emotions with others, but also to have an emotional

connection that just can’t be experienced in any other way.

D. General Structure of Songs

The general structure of songs consists of verse-chorus-verse-bridge-chorus. It is better for us to learn
more about the complete structure of songs
a. Intro
The introduction establishes melodic, harmonic, and/or rhythmic related to the main body of songs.
b. Verse
It is the section of the songs structure that tells the story. This is the exposition, describing the scene
or the person, or an emotion. There are usually two or three verses in a row that have the same
musical structure, the same rhyme and poetic meter, but different words. The second verse builds on
the picture painted in the first verse, etc.
c. Chorus of Refrain
A chorus is the most repeated section, so it’s the easiest remembered. A chorus is the summary of
the songs’ story. All the verses have been leading up to the chorus, and are usually the part of the
songs people sing along with. A chorus can come at the beginning of the songs structure; it can also
start in the middle, or come at the end. In fact, some songs don’t have choruses at all. Some people
are usually confused to differentiate between choruses and refrain. A refrain is any line that repeats
in the songs lyric, while a chorus is any group of lines that repeat.
d. Break
A break is actually a brief “rest” or “pause” for the core melody within a songs used to add further
dimension and excitement. It may include a quick instrumental solo or drum interlude or it may be a
brief moment of silence, or a combination of each of these elements.
e. Bridge
This is the part of the songs that shifts. It can suddenly change tempo, or volume. The bridge is the
section that gives the audience time to reflect on the story, or gives them the “climax” or conclusion
of the story through verses and chorus. Bridges can be used to give the singer a break.
f. Outro or Coda
This is the end of the road for the songs. It can repeat the intro, chorus or a refrain as an outro, or a
bridge with an instrumental solo.

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E. Language Features of Songs

Songs’ lyrics can appeal to emotions, and they should also appeal to the ear. It can be assumed that
different genres of songs will exhibit different styles of lyrics. The verse of songs contains the details
of the songs: the story, the events, images, and emotions that the writer wishes to express. Songs are
not always composed of simple sentence, structure or grammar. Lyrics are characterized by the use
of rhythms, conversational speech, and poetic expressions.
The following are the language features of songs:

1. Lyrics are written in first, second, or third person given on the specific perspective you
choose. Often time point of views change in lyrics, but only when needed.

2. They use rhyming words. Usually songs use a familiar catchy tune and rhyme. A rhyme is a
linguistic style, based on consonance or similar sound of two or more syllables or whole
words at the end of one line; rhymes are most commonly used in poetry and songs.

3. Some songs use poetic devices, such as figure of speech and imagery. While songs can paint
a vivid picture since they are longer mediums, imagery can be found in just a single sentences
as well. Imagery is vivid descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the senses (sight,
hearing, touch, smell, and taste) for example : Her blue eyes were as bright as the sun, blue
as the sky, but soft as silk. A figure of speech is a word or phrase that has a meaning something
different than its literal meaning.

4. Some songs use amusing word play and slang language. A word play is the manipulation of
language (in particular, the sounds, and meanings of words) with the intent to amuse; verbal
wit. Slang is kind of language consisting of very informal words and phrases. Slang is more
common in speech than in writing, for example: gonna, wanna, ain’t, etc.

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TASK

Can you sing an English song? Is it difficult for you or not? Singing an English song
can help us to learn English. It is a fun way.

Song 1 Now, look at the examples of songs below! Discuss with your friends or
group to identify the social function, the text structure, and the language
features.

Let It Go
The snow glows white on the mountain
tonight
Not a footprint to be seen
A kingdom of isolation
And it looks like I'm the queen
The wind is howling like this swirling
storm inside
Couldn't keep it in, heaven knows I've
tried
Don't let them in, don't let them see
Be the good girl you always have to be
Conceal, don't feel, don't let them know
Well, now they know
Let it go, let it go
Can't hold it back anymore
Let it go, let it go
Turn away and slam the door
I don't care what they're going to say
Let the storm rage on
The cold never bothered me anyway
It's funny how some distance makes
everything seem small
And the fears that once controlled me
can't get to me at all
It's time to see what I can do
To test the limits and break through
No right, no wrong, no rules…

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Song 2

Everyone can see
There's a change in me
They all say
I'm not the same kid I used to be
Don't go out and play
I just dream all day
They don't know what's wrong with me
And I'm too shy to say
It's my first love
What I'm dreaming of
When I go to bed
When I lay my head upon my pillow
Don't know what to do
My first love
Thinks that I'm too young
He doesn't even know
Wish that I could show him what I'm feeling
Cause I'm feeling my first love
Mirror on the wall
Does he care at all?
Will he ever notice me
Could he ever fall?
Tell me, teddy bear

Do you have a favorite singer? Who is he/she? Why do you like him/her? Do you like his/her songs,
too? One of the best tools to learn foreign language is using songs. The real songs can be very
effective to help us understand English.After reading the lyrics of the songs above, find out the
singers. You can search them in the internet.

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EXPLANATION TEXT

A. INTRODUCTION
1. Description

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural
phenomena. An explanation text tells the audience how something works or why something happens.
Explanation detail and logically describe the stages in a process, such as the rainbow, or how a car engine
works. Quite often, especially in its written version, this text type appears with a picture complement to
support clarity
2. Relevance
An explanation is a set of statements constructed to describe a set of facts which clarifies the causes, context
and consequences of those facts. This description may establish rules or laws. Explanation text is to say
‘why’ and ‘How’ the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text
book
3. Learning Guide
Before you use this Learning Material, it is better if you read these instructions:
1. Read English book of Senior High School Class XI 2nd semester and other relevant books which have

the relation with the materials to improve your comprehension.
2. Discuss with your friends about the activities in this worksheet.
3. Find the right answer of the questions in this worksheet.
4. Ask the teacher when you find the difficulties.
5. Some additional information is included to give you more understanding and references.

B. MAIN SECTION

1. Learning Outcomes
Attitude
a) Students can uphold and apply religious values, moral values, ethical values, personal and social
values, more specifically being grateful to God for His creation
b) Students can show enthusiasm for learning.
c) Students can show polite behavior in interpersonal communication with teachers and friends.
d) Students can show caring behavior in interpersonal communication with teachers and friends.

Knowledge
a) Students can identify social functions, text structures, and linguistic forms.
b) Students can compare different types of text explanation.

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Skill
a) Students can make simple explanations text in the context of natural disasters.
b) Students can present simple explanations text about explanations of natural disasters.

2. Learning Materials and Learning Activities
a. Definition
An explanation text is a non-fiction text that is used to describe how or why things happen. It usually
includes a sequence of events (explaining how) and provides reasons for a process or phenomenon
(why). Attached is a tutorial video on explanation text. Play the video and study the content.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZJ7tKNjJ_0
b. Types of Explanation Texts

Explanation texts are categorized according to the type of process they describe.

1). Sequential Explanation
Explanation that describes natural and non-natural phenomenon, for example life cycle.

Example:

How Day and Night Happen

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The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses the sky during the day and sets at night. However, the sun
does not actually move around the earth. Earth's turning on its axis makes it look as if the sun is moves.
The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as rotation. It causes day and night.
The earth also moves around the sun. It takes 365 days or a year. This process is called revolution. The
revolution process causes the changes of the season

2). Cause and effect Explanation
Explanation that links cause and effect in explaining how and why an event occurred, for example
volcanoes, tsunami.
Example:
Tsunami

The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbor ("tsu") and wave ("nami").
A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or the sea is rapidly displaced on a
massive scale.
A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the
overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earth's crust can occur at plate boundaries.
Subduction of earthquakes is particularly effective in generating tsunamis, and occurs where
denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates.
As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it
radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.
Tsunami always brings great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water
behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into
the coastal area.

(Simplified from www.panda.org)
c. Generic Structure

An Explanation text comprises four main parts:
a. A tittle that identifies the topic to explain.
b. General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
c. Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.
d. Concluding statement

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d. Social Function
An Explanation Text is intended by the writer/speaker:
To explain the audience how and why something works or happens

e. Language Feature
a). Use of passive voice pattern
b). Use of the Simple Present Tense
c). Use of words that show cause and effect
d). Use of action verb
e). Use of noun phrases

Generic structure How volcanoes are formed ( Tittle) Language feature
Introduction
General statement Have you ever wondered how volcanoes are formed?
A Volcano is a vent or an opening on the earth’s surface Passive voice
Explanation
Sequence 1 which allows molten rock called magma, volcanic ash
and gases to escape out onto its surface.
Explanation
Sequence 2 Volcanoes are formed whenever there is a crack in the Present tense
crust of the earth. A tube-like passage connects a
Explanation
Sequence 3 chamber of magma (molten rock) at the center of the
earth to the earth’s crust.
Conclusion
When the pressure builds up in the chamber, the magma, Cause and effect
gases and ash are pushed up through to the top of the
tube on the earth’s surface known as vent.
The red-hot magma that escapes to flow over the Earth’s Action Verbs
surface is called lava which, when cools, forms into

rocks.

In fact, the mountains we see today are nothing but Noun phrases
solidified lava from previously erupted volcanoes.

Discussion Forum
So far, you have studied the materials and experienced the activities presented in this unit. However, you may
need to confirm understanding and share ideas with others, discuss with your friend what is the different
between Sequential Explanation and Cause and effect Explanation

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1. Summary
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural
phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found
in science, geography and history text books. It comprises three main parts:
a) General statement: stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
b) Sequenced explanation: stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.
c) Closing: many people think that the last paragraph is closing, in which it is actually part of sequenced
explanation

2. Reflection
Read the statements below and trick (√) the option that is most applicable to you

Yes Maybe No Not to all

The material was
easy to
understand

I know what an
explanation text
is
I know why
explanation texts
are written
My plan to overcome the difficulties I faced in this material

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TASK

1. What is the text about?
2. What is the purpose of the text?
3. How many steps of metamorphosis of butterfly?
4. Where does the larva live?
5. Why do caterpillars eat much as possible in their life?
6. What is the second paragraph about?
7. “….. it becomes a pupa.” The word it (In paragraph 3) refers to ….
8. What is the meaning of Sequential Explanation
9. What is the meaning of Cause and effect Explanation
10. Give one example of sequential explanation and cause and effect Explanation

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REFERENCES

Bashir, Mahrukh. 2017. Bahasa Inggris SMA/MA/SMK/MAK Kelas XI. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan
dan Kebudayaan

English Admin (2015) Generic Structure and example of Personal Letter.
Gadjah Mada English School (GMES) (2020) Personal Letter.
Haryono, Sri, Siswiyati. 2020. Modul Pembelajaran SMA Bahasa Inggris. Jakarta: Kementerian

Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Pendidikan Dasar
dan Pendidikan Menengah Direktorat Sekolah Menengah Atas. (Online)
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1egz0CaCe-_ffJsT1xUk3ZPxsZIv2qP8Q/view

https://www.bigbanktheories.com/materi-bahasa-inggris-smp-kelas-8-tentang-
invitation-text/

https://freeenglishcourse.info/invitation-pengertian-generic-structure-dan-contoh/

https://www.kantinpendidikan.com/2020/09/soal-pilihan-ganda-dan-esai-
materi.html

https://gmesenglish.blogspot.com/
https://englishadmin.com/2015/08/generic-structure-and-example-of-personal-letter.
https://dewisudjia.wordpress.com/2017/03/17/explanation-text-2/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZJ7tKNjJ_0
Nur Afendi, Moh. (2017). Buku penunjang Bahasa Inggris kls VIII-1 Jakarta: PGP press,

Kemenag.
Sari K.D. Buku Penilaian English for SMA/MA Grade XI.
Sudjia, Dewi. 2017. Explanation Text. (Online)
Suwartono. 2019. Modul 6: English for Academic Context. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan

Kebudayaan
, (Online) https://englishadmin.com/2018/12/55-contoh-soal-explanation-text-dan-

jawabannya.html

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