ENERGY
OF TOMORROW
After the fluctuating highs and lows of the oil indus-
try, and due to the huge amounts of uncertainty and
risk accompanying it, the world has recently went
on a journey to discover alternatives to the so-called
“Black Gold’. From sustainability, to safety, to pullotion
reduction, renewable and clean sources have proven
their efficiency as interesting areas of rinvestment, if
not complete alternatives to hydrocarbon sources. We
take you through the first section of our magazine to
discover some interesting sources of energy, and to
have a glance at probably the next stop for the train of
industrial revolution.
Join us as we dive into the various sources of Renew-
able Energy (like Wind Energy and Solar Energy), and
extend our research to explore another interesting
source called “Biomass Energy”... Also, have you ever
heard about “Biomethane”?
SECTION 1
CONTENTS
Biomass Energy 4
Renewable Energy 8
Biomethane 12
Biomass Energy
FROM NATURE... INTO NATURE
Introduction during the post harvesting period of agricultural crops or
timber.
First, we will discuss the most important question
which will come to our minds, “what is biomass”? Methods of extraction
Bio-mass covers all kinds of organic matter from fuel wood Biomass can be converted to thermal energy, liquid, solid
to marine vegetable. There is a wide range of options for or gaseous fuels and other chemical products through a
conversion into more convenient and useful forms of en- variety of conversion processes. Biopower technologies
ergy, such as heat energy and electrical energy. are proving electricity-generation options in the United
States, with 10GW of installed capacity. All of today’s ca-
Biomass is a term used to describe all organic matter pro- pacity is based on mature and direct-combustion technol-
duced by photosynthesis, existing on the earth’s surface. ogy. Future efficiency improvements will include co-firing
They include all water- and land-based vegetation and of biomass in existing coal-fired boilers and the introduc-
trees, all waste biomass such as: municipal solid waste tion of high-efficiency gasification, combined cycle sys-
(MSW), municipal biosolids (sewage) and animal wastes tems, fuel cell systems, and modular systems. Generally,
(manures), forestry and agricultural residues and certain the prominent biopower technologies are comprised of
types of industrial wastes. The world’s energy markets direct combustion, co-firing, gasification, pyrolysis, anaer-
have relied heavily on the fossil fuels. Biomass is the only obic digestion and fermentation.
other naturally occurring energy-containing carbon re-
source that is large enough in quantity to be used instead Direct Combustion
of fossil fuel.
This is perhaps the simplest method of extracting ener-
Through the process of photosynthesis, chlorophyll in gy from biomass. Industrial biomass combustion facilities
plants captures the sun’s energy by converting carbon can burn many types of biomass fuel, including: wood,
dioxide from the air and water from the ground into carbo- agricultural residues, wood pulping liquor, municipal solid
hydrates (i.e., complex compounds composed of carbon, waste (MSW) and refusederived fuel. Biomass is burned
hydrogen and oxygen). When these carbohydrates are to produce steam,
burned, it turns back into carbon dioxide and water and which turns a tur-
releases the sun’s energy they contain. In this way, bio- bine and the turbine
mass functions as a sort of natural battery for drives a generator,
storing solar energy. producing electricity.
Only certain types
Sources of biomass of biomass materials
are used for direct
1. It can be obtained from different sources comprising combustion because
potential ash can be
Organic wastes which accumulate at a specific location, build-up (which fouls
such as municipal solid waste (MSW). boilers, reducing effi-
ciency).
2. Residues left as plant materials in the field or forest
4
Gasification temperature than the original biomass, making it more
useful for manufacturing processes. More sophisticat-
Gasification is a process that exposes solid fuel to high ed pyrolysis techniques have been developed recently
temperatures and limited oxygen to produce a gaseous to collect volatiles that are otherwise lost to the system.
fuel. The gas produced by the process is a mix of gases, The collected volatiles produce a gas which is rich in hy-
such as: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hy- drogen, a potential fuel, and carbon monoxide. These
drogen and methane. The gas is then used to drive a high compounds are synthesized into methane, methanol and
efficiency and combined-cycle gas turbine. Gasification other hydrocarbons. Flash pyrolysis is used to produce
has several advantages over burning solid fuel. One is bio-crude, a combustible fuel. Heat is used to chemically
convenience as one of the resultant gases, methane, can convert biomass into py-
be treated in a similar way as natural gas and used for rolysis oil. The oil, which
the same way. Another advantage of gasification is that it is easier to store and
produces fuel with less impurities and could therefore transport than solid bio-
cause fewer pollution problems when burnt. Under suit- mass material, is then
able circumstances, it can also produce synthetic gas, a burned like petroleum to
mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen which can be generate electricity. Py-
used to make Hydro-carbon (e.g., methane and metha- rolysis can also convert
nol) for replacing fossil fuels. Hydrogen itself is a potential biomass into phenol oil,
fuel without much pollution which can conceivably substi- a chemical used to make
tute oil and petroleum in the foreseeable future. wood adhesives, molded
plastics and foam insula-
Pyrolysis tion.
In its simplest form, pyrolysis represents heating the Digestion
biomass to drive off the volatile matter, leaving the char-
coal behind. This process has doubled the energy den- Biomass digestion works by utilizing anaerobic bacte-
sity of the original material because charcoal, which ria. These microorganisms usually live at the bottom of
is half the weight of the original biomass, contains the swamps or in other places where there is no air, consum-
same amount of energy, making the fuel more trans- ing dead organic matter to produce methane and hydro-
portable. The charcoal also burns at a much higher gen. We put these bacteria to work for us. By feeding or-
ganic matter, such as: animal dung or human sewage into
tanks, called digesters and adding bacteria, we collect the
emitted gas to use as an energy source. This process is
a very efficient means of extracting usable energy from
such biomass. Usually, up to two thirds of the fuel energy
of the animal dung could be recovered. Another related
technique is to collect methane gas from landfill sites. A
large proportion of household biomass waste, such as:
kitchen scraps, lawn clipping and pruning, ends up at
the local tip. Over a period of several decades, anaero-
bic bacteria at the bottom of such tips could steadily de-
compose the organic matter and emit methane. The gas
can be extracted and used by capping a landfill site with
an impervious layer of clay and then inserting perforated
pipes that would collect the gas and bring it to the surface.
Biomass advantages
1. Biomass is always and widely available as a re-
newable source of energy. The organic materials used
to produce biomass are infinite since our society consis-
tently produces waste, such as: garbage, wood and ma-
nure.
2. It is carbon neutral. As a natural part of photosyn-
thesis, biomass fuels only release the same amount of
carbon into the atmosphere as was absorbed by plants in
the course of their life cycle .
3. It reduces the overreliance of fossil fuels Not only
there is a limited supply of fossil fuels, but also fossil fuels
come with environmental baggage, including the release
5
of large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the pollutants that result from removal, transportation and
production.
4. It is less expensive than fossil fuels. While fossil fuel production requires a heavy outlay of capital, such as: oil
drills, gas pipelines and fuel collection, biomass technology is much cheaper. Manufacturers and producers are able to
generate higher profits from a lower output.
5. Biomass production adds a revenue source for manufacturers. Producers of waste can add value by channel-
ing their garbage to create a more profitable usage in forming biomass energy.
5. Less garbage in landfills. By burning solid waste, the amount of garbage dumped in landfills is reduced by 60 to
90 percent and reduces the cost of landfill disposal and amount of land required for landfill.
Disadvantages
While the advantages of biomass energy are plenty, there are also some shortcomings, including:
1. Biomass energy is not as efficient as fossil fuels. Some biofuels, like Ethanol, is relatively inefficient as compared
to gasoline. In fact, it has to be fortified with fossil fuels to increase its efficiency .
2. It is not entirely clean. While biomass is carbon neutral, the use of animal and human waste escalates the amount
of methane gases, which are also damaging to the environment. Additionally, the pollution created from burning wood
and other natural materials can be considered just as bad as that resulting from burning coal and other types of energy
resources.
3. Can lead to deforestation. Since wood is one of the most used source of biomass energy, vast amounts of wood
and other waste products have to be burned to produce the desired amount of power. While currently there is enough
wood waste already, there is a risk of deforestation in the future .
4. Biomass plants require a lot of space. While it’s difficult to find a plant that is in a convenient place in an urban
area, utilizing onsite hardware like the BioMax® technology, companies can create biomass energy at a fraction of the
space of a large facility.
6
OUR EVENTS
EAGE Technical Conference 4 (ETC IV)
International Petroleum & Geoscience Conference (IPGC 6)
Development Programs
Schlumberger Dot Collars Well Performance
Yard Trip Online Camp Course
Renewable Energy
ONCE A DREAM, NOW A REALITY
Introduction to inculcate renewable energy education to students at
universities so that they can use their gained knowledge
According to Hubbert linearization method and other fore- and skill set to solve the hazardous problem of energy
casting techniques, it is clear that the world crude oil pro- crisis.
duction is peaked up already and now it is in the decline
mode. During the same time, demand is continuously What is Renewable Energy?
increasing. As oil producing nations consume more and Renewable energy uses energy sources that are contin-
more oil domestically, therefore, they will be able to export ually replenished by nature including: the sun, the wind,
less crude oil in future. Due to the increasing demand, water, the Earth’s heat and plants. Renewable energy
once global oil production begins to decline, demand is technologies turn these fuels into usable forms of ener-
expected to exceed the supply and consequently world gy: most often electricity, but also heat, chemicals, or me-
oil prices will increase (The world oil uncertainty and its chanical power.
influences on the world economy are highlighted in Refs).
Therefore, now it is the time to think seriously about oil Why Use Renewable Energy?
conservation and utilization of the alternative energy Today we primarily use fossil fuels to heat and power our
sources like renewable energy to avoid energy supply homes and fuel our cars. It’s convenient to use coal, oil,
gap created by the oil deficiency. Saudi Arabia, which is and natural gas for meeting our energy needs, but we
a leading oil producer, has a high potential for renewable have a limited supply of these fuels on the Earth as we
energy sources and is keenly interested in taking an ac- are using them much more rapidly than they are being
tive part in the development of new technologies for ex- created and eventually, they will run out. As a result of
ploiting and utilizing these renewable sources of energy. safety concerns and waste disposal problem, the United
The most natural renewable energy sources, which are States will retire much of its nuclear capacity by 2020.
freely available, are: wind, solar, and geothermal energy. In the meantime, the nation’s energy needs are expect-
Therefore, it is important to explore ways by which this ed to grow by 33 percent during the next 20 years. Re-
power can be utilized not only for domestic use but also newable energy can help fill the gap. Even if we had an
for possible export. Smart grid technologies can play an unlimited supply of fossil fuels, using renewable energy
important role in this regard. is better for the environment. We often call renewable en-
ergy technologies “clean” or “green” because it produce
Energy is an essential commodity in today’s world of rapid few if any pollutants. Burning fossil fuels, however, sends
industrialization as it is the main entity which powers our greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, trapping the
home, offices and industries. The deficit between supply
and demand is huge and is continually increasing. World
is majorly dependent on fossil fuels for energy generation.
These fossil fuels will deplete one day and their usage
causes severe climate effects like global warming and
acid rain (Acidic rain is a result of the greenhouse gases).
The country is rich in sources of renewable energy, but
these sources have not been harnessed to their full extent
due to lack of finances, improper planning and technolog-
ical infrastructure. In view of this backdrop, it is essential
8
y sun’s heat and release it back into the home at night. In
the summer, when the sun is higher in the sky, window
sun’s heat and contributing to global warming. Climate overhangs block direct sunlight, which keeps the house
scientists generally agree that the Earth’s average tem- cool. Tile and brick floors also remain cool during the
perature has risen in the past century. If this trend contin- summer. Passive solar design combined with energy effi-
ues, sea levels will rise, and scientists predict that floods, ciency will go even further. Energy-efficient features such
heat waves, droughts, and other extreme weather condi- as energy saving windows and appliances, along with
tions can occur more often. When fossil fuels are burned, good insulation and weatherstripping, can make a huge
other pollutants are released into the air, soil and water. difference in energy and cost savings.
These pollutants take a dramatic toll on the environment
and on humans Air pollution, contributing to diseases like Applications
asthma. Acid rain, formed from sulfur dioxide and nitro-
gen oxides harm plants and fish. Nitrogen oxides also 1. Solar Water Heating
contribute to smog. Renewable energy will also help us 2. Solar distillation
develop energy independence and security. The United 3. Solar pumping
States imports more than 50 percent of its oil, up from 34 4. Solar furnaces
percent in 1973. Replacing some of our petroleum with 5. Solar electric power generation
fuels made from plant matter, for example, could save 6. Solar thermal power production
money and strengthen our energy security. Renewable
energy is plentiful and technologies are improving all the Advantages
time. There are many ways to use renewable energy and 1 It can replace scarce fossil fuels like oil and gas.
most of us already use renewable energy in daily lives. 2 Many processes are in temperature range well suited
for solar technologies.
Forms of Renewable Energy 3 This is 3-times as effective as heating applications.
4 Experts field maintenance staff are available in industry.
Solar Energy 5 Industry is accustomed to life cycle costing and long-
term financing.
Solar energy is the energy provided by the sun. This en- 6 No heat engine is required and therefore higher effi-
ergy is in the form of solar radiation, which makes the ciencies are obtained.
production of solar electricity, light, hot water and many
more things possible. Disadvantages
1 Lower temperature operation gives lower efficiency.
The Sun is the most prominent source of 2 Industrial environment affects the life of the system due
energy in our system. The source of solar energy is the to surface contamination.
process of thermonuclear fusion in the sun’s core. This 3 Size of system may be limited by land availability and
energy is radiated from sun in all directions and a fraction maintenance.
of this energy reaches to the earth. 4 Process requirements, such as temperature control,
may make integration with solar system difficult.
The modern version of this sun-welcoming design is
called passive solar because no pumps, fans, or other Wind Energy
mechanical devices are used. Its most basic features in-
clude large, south- facing windows that fill the home with For hundreds of years, people have used windmills to
natural sunlight and dark tile or brick floors that store the harness the wind’s energy.Today’s wind turbines, which
operate differently from windmills, are a much more effi-
cient technology.
Wind turbine technology can be explained simply as fol-
lows: the wind spins turbine blades around a central hub;
9
the hub is connected to a shaft, which powers a generator 2 The influence of wind turbine noise to the nearby resi-
to make electricity. However, turbines are highly sophis-
ticated power systems that capture the wind’s energy by dents becomes a problem not to be neglected.
means of new blade designs or airfoils. Modern, mechan-
ical drive systems, combined with advanced generators, 3 Not a profitable use of land; alternative uses for the land
convert that energy into electricity. Wind turbines that pro-
vide electricity to the utility grid range in size from 50 kW might be more highly valued than electricity generation.
to 1 or 2 MW.
4 Fluctuation of Wind and Good wind sites; Wind energy
Applications
has a drawback that it is not a constant energy source.
1. Run pumps to draw water from the grounds through Although wind energy is sustainable and will never run
out, the wind is not always blowing. This can cause seri-
wind mills ous problems for wind turbine developers who will often
spend significant time and money investigating whether
2. Used to generate electricity or not a particular site is suitable for the generation of
3. Telecommunications wind power. For a wind turbine to be efficient, the location
where it is built needs to have an adequate supply of wind
energy.
Advantages Geothermal Energy
Compared with traditional energy sources, wind energy Geothermal energy is a term for the heat of the earth;
has a number of benefits and advantages: usually from produced natural steam, heat recovered
from circulated water or direct heat-to-energy conversion.
1 Unlike fossil fuels that emit harmful gases and nuclear
Geothermal technologies use renewable energy re-
power that generates radioactive wastes, wind power is a sources to generate electricity and direct use of heat.
clean and environmentally friendly energy source. Geothermal energy is the thermal energy stored in the
underground, including any contained fluid, which is avail-
2 As an inexhaustible and free energy source, it is avail- able for extraction and conversion into energy products.
Geothermal technologies use the heat contained in the
able and plentiful in most regions of the earth. ground. In its broad term, geothermal energy is the ther-
mal energy contained in our planet, the Earth.
3 In addition, more extensive use of wind power would
Applications
help reduce the demands for fossil fuels, which may run
out sometime in this century, according to their present Geothermal energy produced in hot springs has been
consumptions. used for bathing since Paleolithic times and for space
heating since ancient Roman times.
4 Furthermore, the cost per kWh of wind power is much
• Today, it is best known for electricity generation
lower than that of solar power. Worldwide, 11,700 megawatts (MW) of geothermal
power is online in 2013.
5 Thus, as the most promising energy source, wind ener-
• An additional 28 gigawatts of direct geothermal heat-
gy is believed to play a critical role in global power supply ing capacity are installed for:
in the 21st century
1. District heating
Disadvantages 2. Space heating
3. Spas
While wind power generation offers numerous benefits 4. Industrial processes
and advantages over conventional power generation, 5. Desalination
there are also some challenges and problems need to be
seriously addressed. The wide range of challenges and
problems, from long term environmental influences to
thermal management of wind turbines, must be carefully
considered in response to the rapid growth of wind power
generation.
1 Wind energy facilities may block bird migration routes
and hurt or kill birds. (It has been reported by the US Na-
tional Academy of Science that wind turbines may kill up
to 40,000 birds per year in US).
10
6. Agricultural applications in 2010
Advantages
1 Geothermal power plants have low emissions.
2 Geothermal resources are environmentally advanta-
geous and the net energy supplied more than offsets the
environmental impacts of human, energy, and material
inputs.
3 Modern geothermal power plants exhibit capacity fac-
tors greater than 90%. This makes geothermal energy
well suited for baseload dispatchable energy use.
4 Properly managed geothermal reservoir systems are
sustainable for very long-term operation, comparable to
or exceeding the foreseeable design life of associated
surface plant and equipment.
5 Displacement of more emission fossil energy suppliers
with geothermal energy can also be expected to play a
key role in climate change mitigation strategies.
Disadvantages
1 High CO2 emissions
2 Found in limited areas
3 Supply may be exhausted before natural gas and coal
resources
4 Possible environmental impact from drilling and trans-
porting
5 Geothermal fields found in few areas around the world
6 Expensive start-up costs
7 Wells could eventually be depleted
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11
Biomethane
“FRIENDLY FIRE”?
Introduction electricity production from biomethane. It is remarkable
to note that the agrobiomass available for AD is as high
The continuing use of fossil fuels and the effect of green- as 1.5 × 109 t in Europe. The United States, China, and
house gases (GHGs) on the environment have initiated India are also investing in alternative technologies for bio-
research efforts into the production of alternative fuels methane production from cellulosic resources, and are
from bio resources. The amount of GHG emissions in the likely future producers. Although biomethane (and/or bio
atmosphere is rising, with carbon dioxide (CO2) being the me-thane) based on waste is a promising substitution for,
main contributor. In addition, the global energy demand is or contribution to, the natural gas network, the amount
increasing rapidly, with approximately 88% of the energy produced is limited in comparison with the annual global
produced at the present time being based on fossil fuels. consumption. There is no clear answer regarding which
feedstock is most appropriate for the biomethane econo-
Moreover, the security of the energy supply is a crucial my. In general, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can be
challenge because most natural energy resources (i.e., used in many applications. The necessity for global sus-
oil and gas reserves) are found in politically unstable re- tainable waste management has led to research interest
gions. In this context, biomethane from waste and resi- in alternative fuels based on agrowaste and biowaste.
dues can play a critical role in the energy future. Biometh- This study discusses recent trends in biomethane pro-
ane is a multilateral renewable energy source that can duction and provides a summary of the current problems
replace conventional fuels to produce heat and power; and barriers affecting different biomethane production
it can also be used as gaseous fuel in automotive ap- pathways. It also analyzes potential issues and trends in
plications. Biomethane (upgraded biomethane) can also biotechnological conversion performance.
substitute for natural gas in chemicals production. Recent
evaluations indicate that biomethane produced via anaer- In order to fully explore the use of biomass in the gen-
obic digestion (AD) provides significant advantages over eration of energy, several government organizations and
other forms of bioenergy because AD is an energy-effi- researchers have instituted programmes and studies to
cient and environmentally friendly technology. In com- promote the use of biofuels. For instance, the European
parison with fossil fuels, AD technology can reduce GHG Union has a target to make biofuel 10% of its energy share
emissions by utilizing locally available sources. In addi- in the transport sector by 2020 (Molino et al., 2018). Fur-
tion, the by-product of this technology, called digestate, is thermore, by 2022, the US is expected to produce about
a high-value fertilizer for crop cultivation and can replace 36 billion gallons of biofuels annually (Molino et al., 2018).
common mineral fertilizers. In Europe, the production of Presently, industrial plants are embracing the production
biomethane reached 1.35 × 107 t in 2014.
Germany is the pioneer country in global biomethane
production, with approximately 25% installed capacity
due to the strong development of agricultural biomethane
plants on farms. At the end of 2014, more than 8000 ag-
ricultural biomethane production units were in operation
in Germany. Several countries have already become in-
volved in the development of new pathways for biometh-
ane production from biomass and biowaste. Many Euro-
pean countries have established favorable conditions for
12
of biomethane for the generation of energy and on bio- bottling of the gas depending on its final application. In
methane upgrading for grid injection. The production of Europe especially Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Ita-
biomethane is noncomplex and centralized technology ly and Denmark, use of biomethane and natural gas in
with a low level of organic conversion into biomethane, both public and private transport sectors is a fast-grow-
(nearly 5–10 wt. %), based on the type of feedstock and ing phenomenon. Germany has 622 biomethane/natural
the operative conditions. gas refueling stations while Italy has 521 stations. There
are available passenger cars, buses and trucks that run
Process Description on enriched biomethane/natural gas from such manufac-
1. Raw material for this process can be fruit wastes, an- turers like Volvo, Mercedes, FIAT, MAN and Ford among
many others.
imal wastes, or wastewater
3 Biomethane lower emission levels compared to those
2. First step, we crush & mix the raw materials
3. Then, the mixture is transferred to the digesters, it’s a of natural gas and diesel makes it more desirable and
climate friendly.
biological process in which naturally occurring micro-
organisms break down organic waste and produce Electricity
gas 1 While the installed capacity of renewable electricity
plants increased in the European Union from 170 GW in
2005 to 397 GW in 2015, the installed bioenergy power
capacity in the EU almost doubled from 16 GW in 2005
to 30 GW in 2015. Biomethane electricity capacity has
experienced the highest growth in the bioenergy sector
in the EU, with an increase from 3 GW in 2005 to 10 GW
in 2015, close to the expected 11.2 GW installed capacity
for 2020.
2 The biomethane capacity represents today a share of
34% in total biomass power capacity in the EU. Howev-
er, the uncertainties related to sustainability of bioenergy
and the reductions in support for biomethane in European
countries have led to a decrease of the growth rate be-
tween 2012 and 2015.
3 the electricity generation from biomass has increased
from 69 TWh in 2005 to 178 TWh in 2015 on the target to
reach 233 TWh in 2020. The contribution of biomass to
electricity generation will remain at around 19% of total
renewable electricity generation until 2020.
Applications & Uses Heating
1 Biomethane share in biomass heating was limited to
Fuel & Transportation only 1% in 2005, which increased to about 3.7% in 2015,
1 Biomethane may be a promising alternative fuel mainly as most of the biomethane plants used the heat to a low
for heavy-duty transportation that is CO2 neutral and fur- extent.
ther helps to reduce methane emissions due to the han-
dling of digested slurry. 2 With a slower progress in biomethane heat than in
1 To achieve this, the raw gas from the digester has to
be enriched first through purification, compression and electricity generation, the use of heat from biomethane
increased from 26 PJ in 2005 to 127 PJ in 2015, which is
however about 10% above the level forecasted for 2015.
3 The current levels for heat generation from biomethane
offer good prospects for reaching the forecasted level for
2020.
13
UPGRADE
YOUR PERSONALITY
Personal development is a lifelong process. It is a way
for people to assess their skills and qualities, consider
their aims in life and set goals in order to realise and
maximise their potential. In today’s world, it seems that
technical proficiency alone is not enough anymore to
carry you to the place you always dreamt to be. That is
why we are presenting you this section, to ensure that
your arsenal carries all the weapons you may need in
this batlle of life.
Welcome to the second section of our magazine. We
will guide you through three of the most essential skills
that you will surely need in your journey to success.
We started with important steps for your “Personal
Growth”, then you will learn with us some “Presenta-
tion Skills” (yes, you need these now), and to top it off,
you will finish your trip with us with a quick article about
“Time Management”. Have a good reading!
SECTION 2
CONTENTS
Personal Growth 16
Presentation Skills 18
Time Management 20
Personal Growth
Understanding people around you is something dif- our growth. We have already realized and discov-
ered everything around us, We start to learn new
ficult, However before understanding the others you things and understand everything deeply. At this
should first discover and understand yourself. It is phase, we may face problems and we try our best
also not easy to find out yourself including your abil- to solve these them . We also may face a kind of
ities, talents, strengths and weaknesses. In order to self-conflict which may hold us back to reach the
discover your real character, you must go through next stage.
a lot of situations and life’s experiences which help
you to find out your real self. You should put in your 3 Acceptance
mind that life’s experiences are not for remorse but
for learning. Acceptance is a deep kind of self love ; It means to
accept yourself as it is with all your imperfection, It
PERSONAL GROWTH also means to try to improve yourself not for others
but for you. For example, if someone wants to lose
While growing up we face a lot of changes which weight and he or she doing this only because of peo-
considered to be our personal growth. Personal ple around him or her. This is not self- love it called
growth is so important as it is the process of our de- self-acceptance when you lose weight because you
velopment which leads us to understand our self in want to be healthy or more beautiful for example.
order to achieve our goals. This process helps us to You should change yourself for yourself.
find out our imperfections and try to improve them.
During our personal growth of course we will face 4 Responsibility
ups and downs and we have to deal with them ,We
should also learn from our mistakes. At this stage, you become responsible for your whole
life your happiness, problems and goals. If you take
STAGES OF PERSONAL GROWTH: responsibility you will be able to control your life,
When we gain responsibility life happen to us not
1 Unknowing for us.
The first stage of personal growth is considered to 5 Application
be the stage of unconscious; We start to explore the
world around us, It is the phase of curiosity and dis- It is the most exciting phase ;The real problems and
covering. At this stage, we cannot differentiate be- obstacles appear at this phases so, we should keep
tween right and wrong; We do and say whatever we being motivated. Keeping our self motivated helps
want also we do not have specific goal. At this stage, us to overcome the obstacles we may face during
we may make a lot of mistakes as it is the first time to achieving our goals.
face different things but, mistakes always teach us
lessons. Our self-confidence is great at this stage as 6 Purpose
we behave by nature but, our self-confidence may
change due to what we will face later. This phase shows that everything we do should be
for a specific purpose. Every aim we put must have a
2 Awareness purpose. This stage also points out that after achiev-
ing a goal we should start work on another one.
This stage is considered to be the real beginning of
16
FIND OUT YOUR TRUE SELF
HOW TO BE THE BEST VERSION OF YOURSELF?
To be the best version of yourself you should work on two main things; they are emotional intelligence and
rational intelligence.
1- Emotional Intelligence
It is the ability to control our emotions and our relationships with others. Researches show that emotion in-
telligence constitutes 80% of success while rational intelligence constitutes only 20% so, it is important to
develop our emotional intelligence.
How to improve emotional intelligence? 2. Controling Your Emotions
1. Self-Awareness If you succeeded in knowing emotions you will be
able to control them.
You should be able to know your emotions when you
become happy, angry, envious or sad. 4. Understanding People’s Emotions
3. Self-Motivation
5. Controlling Your Relations
2- Rational Intelligence
It is the ability to think critically, to produce “good quality of thoughts” in certain situations to arrive at a rational
decision.
How to improve rational intelligence? 2. Positivity
1. Passion You have to get rid of your negative thoughts ;Think
positively and believe in yourself.
You should have a goal you are seeking for.
4. Self-Confidence
3. Flexibility
Be sure that you can do anything.
A flexible person is the one who accept criticism, the
one who can deal with problems and can find differ-
ent solutions for them.
5. Objectivity 6. Critical Thinking
Do not let your emotions control your thinking. Ev- It is the ability to think differently and out the box.
erything you say or do should be based on deep
thinking.
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Presentation Skills
Today, presentation skills are required in almost Preparing For Your Presentation
every field and most of us are required to give pre- 1. Structuring Your Presentation:
sentation on occasion. While some people take this
in their stride, others find it much challenging. Many Tell them what you are going to say; it is better to
people feel terrified when asked to talk in public, es- start with the benefits of what you are going to say.
pecially to bigger groups. However, these fears can To start, it can be helpful to provide a brief overview
be reduced by good preparation, which will also lay of your presentation, which will help your audience
the groundwork for making an effective presenta- follow the structure of your presentation.
tion. Whether or not your presentation achieves its
desired outcome; it can be affected by your skills as OPENING
a speaker, so it’s important to step in front of your Your opening should be something that makes an
audience with your best foot forward. emotional connection with the audience. It can be a
story, a shocking static or asking a question to keep
The prospect of giving a presentation fills some peo- the audience engaged.
ple with dread, while others relish the experience.
However you feel, presenting your work to an audi- BODY
ence is a vital part of professional life for research- try to stick to your most important points. It is more
ers and academics. Presentation is a great way to important to engage the audience than to tell them
speak directly to people who are interested in your everything you know. You don’t have to read out
field of study for gathering ideas to push your proj- your presentation word for word.
ects forward and to make valuable personal connec-
tions. Your presentation skills are just as important CLOSING
as the information you are presenting. This article The closing of your presentation is the last opportu-
will help you prepare for a presentation and polish nity you have to give your audience something that
your speaking skills for a successful pitch. will stick in their minds.
2. Practicing Your Presentation:
Practice your presentation and practice again, but
do not memorize. We recommend starting to re-
hearse your presentation. You can talk into a mirror,
talk to a wall, or ask a family member to listen. Public
speaking is the part of presentation that most people
dread.
Although it might not be possible to get over nervous-
ness completely, good preparation and practicing
will give you confidence. Most confident speakers
do lots of preparation and use notes well .Rehears-
ing does not mean memorization. Memorizing your
speech can make you sound mechanical and over
rehearsed. Videotape yourself; you cannot know
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MAKE YOUR POINT! This will help you guide the audience attention to the
correct part of the slides and keep them engaged
how you come off to people until you see it. Record- with what you are explaining. Make sure your visual
ing yourself is the best way to target the areas where materials easy to read. Choose a standard clear font
you can improve. and make sure that size is large enough to be seen
from the back of the room .
Delivering Your Presentation To
The Audience Finally, at the end of this article, we should gain this
essential skill to be good communicators and know
1. Verbal Delivery: how to express our explanation to the audience in a
simple and effective way.
Work on your tone. Avoid speaking softly or other
speech patterns that make you seem unconfident.
Avoid also ending sentences in an escalating tone
that suggests every sentence you speak is a ques-
tion.
2. Body Language:
DISTANCE
Stand at a comfortable distance. We suggest re-
maining within 2.5-7 feet of your audience .
EYE CONTACT
Do not surf the audience with your eyes. Rather,
make eye contact with one person at a time .
CONFIDENCE
Your shoulders are stretched back. Your arms at
your sides or held in front of your body when mak-
ing gestures. Your hands are open or only slightly
closed. It is better to smile slightly or keep your face
neutral. Take long strides. Make every movement
purposeful and decided. Do not let a paper in your
hand flap back and forth carelessly .
3. PowerPoint:
Visual materials, probably in the form of power point
slides, are likely to be a vital part of your presenta-
tion. It is crucial you treat the slides as visual support
for your audience, rather than as a set of notes for
you. A good power point relies heavily on images
.Have only 2 sentences but does not summarize it.
Make sure that you point to the slides as you talk.
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Time Management
STREAMLINE YOUR TIME
“Time is what we want most, but what we use worst” 2. Put a time limit on tasks and that by checking
- William Penn
your time audit, see the tasks that will take long time
Have you asked yourself before how some people to be achieved more than you expect, then start to
find thetime to do all the things they want to accom- manage them.
plish on their day? and you even wonder how they
have all these space to do all the things that they 3. Create an everyday plan which it’s a list of tasks
plan to accomplish ?
that you will achieve on a daily basis.
Time Management Is The Answer!
4. Add a “done list” to your daily to-do list and that
Time management is a process that gives each task
its priority, that by planning and organizing the activi- by checking your list of plans then mark the plans
ties of the day and start to divided the efforts on each which are finished and the one which have not been
activity individually starting from the most important done yet add them to the end of the day to see what
one to the least important. Time management is a will be done with them in the next day or on the same
skill that anyone can gain and learn, By gaining this day.
skill we will have time to do a lot of things as working
and practicing our favourite hobbies and all of that Benefits of time management:
by managing our day. We do that to avoid feeling
stressed or getting tired from our work. 1. Makes us more organized as we manage and
organize our tasks during the day.
2. Teaches us how to prioritize our tasks and make
use of our time better.
3. Teaches us how to plan well.
4. By organizing our day, we will have the opportu-
nity to practice things which we love and can lower
the stress of our day. Also it makes us aware more
with ourselves energy and how to use it well.
Four Steps To Manage Your Time:
1. Create a time audit and that by starting to see
how your day will go. As sometimes we decided to
do or achieve tasks or things on the day but due to
some circumstance happened suddenly we cannot
do them so you must have another plan to manage it
as there is a big difference between your subjective
and reality.
20
ABOUT US OUR TEAM
- Chairman -
Omar Khaled Hasan
- Chief Executive Officer -
Kirolos Ayad Mousa
EAGE Suez University Student Chapter is a - Content Supervision -
professional association for geoscientists and Hadeer Sayed Farag
engineers. Founded in 2013, it has provided Omar Ayman Ansary
the students involved in Oil & Gas industry - Writers -
(Both Engineers and Geoscientists) with sev- Mohamed Hisham
eral workshops, courses and internships for Alaa Ibrahim
their futuristic careers. EAGE Suez has won
the 1st Rank among all EAGE International Manal Gamal Abo-Elfotoh
Student Chapters in 2014/2015. Eman Zaki Maher
FOCUS is a student magazine prepared - Editors -
by the EAGE team members. For three Sohaila Ahmed Abdelhady
issues, FOCUS has featured technical Asala Boshra Mohamed
articles that covered many topics in the fields - Marketing & Media -
of geology and engineering. In this special
issue, we introduce you to a whole new ap- Shimaa Saad-Eldin
proach towards energy, and also equip you Omar Mohamed Mokhtar
with new skills to tackle you professional and
personal life. Thank you for tuning in to the
Fourth Issue of FOCUS.
21