Ebook IREx 2019_CoCAS

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(2) record the outgoing result using avometer,
(3) remove the cables from the avometer,
(4) connect the cables with the lamp,
(5) record test result data.

Diagram 1. 8 series of electrodes in the mud

FINDINGS
This study resulted in a spontaneous (perfect) reduced-oxidation reaction by generating an
electrical potential of 1.1 V/circuit, while this study uses eight circuits which resulted a potential
electrical power of 8.8 V. Data that is obtained from the formula of Eo reduction – Eo oxidation.
By comparing the result data with 16V decree data that has 12.857 watts/hour, the acquired energy
will be:

Watt/hour = (8,8 v x 12,857 watts/hour) / 16 v
= 7,07135 watts/hour

The Dubai provision plant has 8 plants as support for the area to produce electricity. In this case,
East Java area with 1 plant can be calculated as follows:

8 plants Dubai = 7,361 MW
1 plant = 0,920125 MW

EFFECTIVENESS OF SIDOARJO MUDFLOW AS A POWER GENERATOR
Paiton is a PLTU that supplies electricity production in the Java-Bali area. The area of Java-Bali
is 134,077 km2. Paiton PLTU supplies electricity needs in Java-Bali as much as 28,000 MW. The
previous data stated that one plant produces 0.920125 MW. The area that will get electricity
through the supply of this plant is:

= 4,405986 km2
Based on the calculation, the area that will get the electric current is 4,4 km2. The number can be
projected as a residential area. The benefits are quite large considering that the materials used are
waste and abundant.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF SIDOARJO MUDFLOW
The Sidoarjo mudflow has a high metak content can deliver the electric current and
environmentally friendly. By using a series of circuits, copper, and magnesium connected to the
avometer can drain a large electric current. The utilization of the mud into alternative and efficient
energy is a form of environmental rescue especially in the area around the overflow and Porong
river. It is also can be considered as a form of assistance to the government in addressing the
electrical energy problems in Indonesia becauese the abundant amount of mud.

CONCLUSION
The mud can be used as a source of eco-friendly electricity with magnesium and copper electrodes
that produce a potential power of 8.8 volts and electrical power of 7,07135 watts/hour.

REFERENCES
Books
[1] Arisandi, P. 2006, Menebar Bencana Lumpur di Kali Porong. Ecological Observatiin and
Weatland Conservation.
[2] Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup. 2006. Buku Putih LUSI – Draft 2. Jakarta.
[3] Mulyani, Sri dan Hendrawan. 2005. Kimia Fisika 2 . Penerbit Universitas Negeri Malang.
Malang
[4] Usman, E, Salahuddin, M., Ranawijaya DAS, dan Hutagol, J.P., 2006, Paper Pendukung,
Simposium Nasional: Pembuangan Lumpur Porong-Sidoarjo ke Laut? Surabaya.
[5] Internet
[6] Kusuma, Hendra. 2014. Kebutuhan Listik Jawa-Bali Diproyeksikan Naik 7,6 persen per
Tahun, (Online), (http://economy.okezone.com), diakses 3 Desember 2018
Law
[7] Repulik Indonesia. 2007. Undang-Undang No 24 Tahun 2007 tentang penanggulangan
bencana. Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2007. Sekretaris Negara. Jakarta.

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“ManoH20 Kit”, Towards Green Technology Practice.

Siti Nor Fazila binti Ramly1, Hartini binti Saidin2 Mimi Malini binti Mohmad Fuzi3
Zuriana binti Zulkafli4 Azfa Ilhamuna binti Ahmad Badri 5 and Noorhisam bin
Samsuddin6

1,2,3,4,5,6 Chemistry Unit, Science Department, Penang Matriculation College, Malaysia.
([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected], and [email protected])

Abstract: Mercury manometer is the apparatus commonly used in class to illustrate Boyle’s Law.
As the existing manometer contains mercury that is harmful to human beings, many educators
prefer to skip the experiments. This has eventually affected the students’ science learning skill. To
enable the students to have more in-depth understanding and also to enhance their experimental
skill, ManoH2O Kit (water-based manometer) was developed to replace the existing mercury-
based manometer. Colored-water is used to fill up a transparent plastic tube, while a syringe is
utilized to adjust the air volume. Multiple experiments were carried out and the data obtained were
then analyzed, using Microsoft Excel Program. It was noted that the ManoH20 Kit produced
consistent and accurate results, compatible to that of mercury-based manometer (with percentage
error 1.21%). Due to its validity and consistency in generating the accurate data, the ManoH20 Kit
can be used in experimental purposes, learning aids and demonstration in class. The kit is safe,
easy to control, portable and low cost to assemble.

Keywords: Chemistry, Experiment, Green, Manometer, Mercury, Boyles’ Law, Water-based.

INTRODUCTION
A good quality of experiment in science especially in chemistry needs eight important
qualifications, where the qualifications list is; the experiment must be a meaningful experiment to
the students, applicable the subject itself, is proven safe to be performed, involving minimum or
low cost, easy to set up, simple to perform and easy to maintain, able to give the expected result
or prove the theory, relevance and capable to do within the time allocated for the topic, or subject
matter (Richard, 1983). One of the main factor influencing the accuracy and reliable result from
the experiment conducted is through the uses of correct and suitable apparatus especially
experiment which deals with taking measurements. So in this study, we choose to reinvent the
apparatus used in verifying Boyle’s Law experiment. Typical apparatus that has been used in
verifying Boyle’s Law is the manometer which have an open mouth plastic u-tube, filled with
mercury, clamped with a retort stand and ruler to measure the length different and pressure
difference (Figure 1). The innovated manometer in this study is called ManoH2O Kit which used
colored-water as the filler in customized smaller diameter glass u-tube (Figure 2).

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Figure 1 : Mercury-manometer Figure 2 : ManoH2O Kit

METHODOLOGY
This study aims in developing a safer manometer which support green technology practice to be
used in the teaching and learning process especially to verify the Boyle’s Law. This project is a
joint venture of all parties in KIK Awesomely United group to modify the manometer used for
verifying Boyle’s law in Experiment 7, Semester 1 One Year Program.
In verifying Boyle’s Law, students need to use a manometer as the apparatus. This experiment
usually require a more complicated set-up since the traditional manometers are cumbersome, rather
expensive due to the mercury, and bulky to store (Don Lewis, 1997). In addition, the existing
manometer which contains mercury is very harmful to humans. Mercury (Hg) is classified as
hazardous and carcinogenic (Choirul Hadi, 2013). It is a heavy and viscous metal (Nor Asrina,
2017). Mercury has a material of neurotoxin which can cause permanent damage to the brain and
is easily absorbed by the human body. Exposure to excess mercury may affect the lungs and human
kidneys (Zailina, 2017). Many accident cases involving mercury have occurred and this has been
particularly dangerous to students, lecturers and lab assistants (Nor Fahzylah, 2010). According to
systematic review made by Magda et al. (2019), exposure to mercury do effects on human
reproduction system. The increasing level of mercury exposed were always associated with
infertility or subfertility status. In their studies, exposure to mercury also caused infertile males
had higher levels of mercury in hair than fertile males, reduced semen quality parameters and also
associated with incidence of menstrual and hormonal disorders. Due to spillage of mercury
accidents reported and feeling of insecure among students and teachers, we took the initiative to
invent a safer and user-friendly manometer.
ManoH2O Kit is designed to replace the use of mercury in manometer. This newly design
manometer, taking account the security factor of all parties in terms of preparation, handling and
usage with a very minimal cost. Therefore, our group has reinvented existing manometers using
colored water, syringe, smaller manometer tubes, and some other modifications. The main
objective of this study is to innovate and develop the water-based manometer which is userfriendly,
safer, smaller, lighter, and involving low cost and maintenance. But, we must make sure that our
objective do not disrupt the expected observation and results in verifying Boyle’s Law. We must
make sure that our innovation is align and providing consistent data in verifying the law as
mercury-manometer.
Thus, multiple series of experiments and efforts to produce a manometer which gives consistent
data with mercury-based manometer have been done. At the early stage, we tried to replace the
mercury with the colored water with the original tube, then we changed it to smaller glass tubes.

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These 3 models had been set up and we did the pilot tests for every model by using mercury-based
manometer as controlled. The pilot test was important in giving accurate value and to assure the
consistency of the data obtained when we replaced colored-water in manometer. The data obtained
were recorded and analyze by using Microsoft Excel. From all the data obtained and being
analyzed, we confirmed and conclude that we can get consistent data by replacing mercury with
the colored water, but using the smaller glass tubes. Therefore, the objective to replace mercury
and get consistent data is achieved. These data obtained are also approved by two expertise, Dr
Ahmad Faiz bin Abdul Latip, Lecturer from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) majoring in
Physical Chemistry, and Dr Rosly bin Jaafar, a Physic Lecturer from Universiti Pendidikan Sultan
Idris.
Due to its validity and consistency in giving the data, this ManoH2O Kit has be used in
experimental purposes and for demonstration in class. This is important to prove whether the
objective of this innovation successfully achieved or not. A sample group of student (N=60) is
allowed to use the ManoH2O Kit throughout their experiment session. In this session, they must
conduct the experiment themselves and the teacher only monitors their practical. The manometer
consists of two glass tubes with uniform cross-sectional area which are connected by a piece of
rubber tubing. One end of the tube is left open whilst the other end is closed by attaching the rubber
tubing and pinching it with a screw clip. The system contains colored water. The volume of the
trapped gas is the volume of the tube between the level of the water and the close end of the tube
plus the volume of syringe. It is measured as the height of the gas column, h. The level of water at
the open-end of the tube determines the pressure of the atmospheric pressure. The pressure exerted
by the water column, PH2O, is measured by the difference in height between the two levels. The
difference in the heights of water in the two columns provides the pressure in units of mmH2O.
Assumptions:

1. The temperature of the trapped gas is the same as the room temperature
2. The cross-sectional area is constant throughout the tubes.
3. The density of coloured water is 1.0 g/mL at room temperature.
4. The volume of rubber tubes does not change throughout the experiment.

Procedure:
1. Add one drop of red dye to 20 mL of distilled water.
2. Stir the solution until it is homogeneous.
3. Transfer the red coloured water into the tube of ManoH2O Kit by using a syringe (make
sure there are no bubbles trapped in the tubes).
4. Record the height of water level, h1 on both sides of the tubes.
5. Set the syringe at 8.0 mL and connect it to an end of the tube.
6. Record the volume of the syringe, V, the heights of water level at open end, h1 and closed
ends, h2.
7. Take 5 more sets of readings by adjusting the volume of the syringe (range between
8. 8.0 mL – 5.0 mL).

The results obtained from the experiment of verifying Boyle’s Law has been proven in accordance
to the theory and standard values when using the traditional method; mercury-based manometer.
As for the demonstration in class, students felt secure to handle manometer in exploring the
concept in Boyle’s Law, despite the mercury-based manometer. This ManoH2O Kit is very user-
friendly and easy to handle which make the lesson more enjoyable. The lesson was held smoothly

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and effectively. Summary of the survey conducted to the sample and lecturer which utilized the
ManoH2O Kit is as follows;

1. Students feel very excited and ready to use the new manometer rather than the
mercurymanometer.

2. ManoH2O Kit shorten the experimental time to about 20-30 minutes for completion, the
remaining time can be used for discussion session between the teacher or lecturer and the
students.

3. 100% save and accordance to the green technology practice.
4. ManoH2O Kit can be commercializing to all countries and abroad whether to meet the

needs of science or industry learning and suitable for every level of society to promote
science outside the lab.
5. Simple, concise and safe is the right tagline to describe this ManoH2O Kit.
6. ManoH2O Kit is easy to carry because it is lighter than mercury-based manometer and has
a special container.
7.
FINDINGS

Table 1: Experimental data for mercury manometer versus ManoH2O Kit

We asked the students to record the data obtained by using ManoH2O Kit in the Microsoft Excel

program as in Table 1 above and we compare the data with the mercurymanometer by plotting the
graph as in Figure 3 below;

From graph plotted in Figure 3, we can proved that the data obtained by using ManoH2O Kit is
consistent with the data obtained by mercury-manometer in verifying Boyle’s Law. This also

proved that ManoH2O Kit able to be used as an alternative to replace mercury-manometer which
contains hazardous mercury.

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Figure 3: Comparison consistency data between mercury-manometer and ManoH2O Kit

CONCLUSION
ManoH2O Kit is a newly developed manometer which uses colored water instead of hazardous
mercury as its indicator solution. It is proven that the consistency and accuracy of ManoH2O Kit
is as good as that of mercury-based manometer (percentage error 1.21%). The experiment
conducted to verify Boyle’s Law by using this ManoH2O Kit fulfills all of the qualifications
mentioned earlier. It is very simple and safe to perform, no worries if the colored-water spill on
floor since it is non-toxic as mercury, a low cost; an inexpensive small diameter glass tubes to
contain the colored water, support green practices, easy to carry, store and simple maintenance,
students and teacher friendly (user-friendly), and can shorten the experiment period.

REFERENCES

[1] Don L Lewis, A simple Boyle’s law experiment, Journal of Chemical Education 74(2), (209),
1997.
[2] Ingrid Falnoga, Magda Tusek-Znidaric, Milena Horvat, & Peter Stegnar, Mercury, selenium,
and cadmium in human autopsy samples from Idrija residents and mercury mine workers,
Environmental research 84 (3), 211-218, 2000.
[3] M. Choirul Hadi, Bahaya Merkuri di Lingkungan Kita. Jurnal Skala Husada 10 (2), 175-
183,2013
[4] Noor Fahzylah Fajar (2010). Tahap keselamatan Makmal Kimia di Sekolah-sekolah
[5] Menengah daerah Seberang Perai Utara, Pulau Pinang. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
[6] Nor Asrina Sairi (2015). Tumpahan Merkuri di Makmal Sekolah (8 Mac 2017). Utusan.
[7] Richard A. Hermens, Boyle’s law experiment, Journal of Chemical Education 60 (9), 764,
1983.

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AdVeRS: Ad-Hoc Versatile IoT-Based Web/Mobile Registration System

Suhardi Hamid*1, Salehuddin Shuib2, Adnan Aminuddin3, Syahrini Shawalludin4, Azlan
Abdul Rahman5 and Mohd Nor Azam Md. Saleh6

1, 2 Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Malaysia.

(E-mail: [email protected], [email protected])
3 Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

(E-mail: [email protected])
4 Faculty of Arts and Design, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

(E-mail: [email protected])
5 Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

(E-mail: [email protected])
6 Faculty of Information Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

(E-mail: [email protected])

Abstract: A registration system is indeed the most frequently used system. It comes in many
different forms and styles. It main objectives is generally to successfully register a participant.
Most of the time, the registration system has not seen a change in process for years. With the
recent Internet of Things swarming the technology world by storm, a versatile registration
system is proposed to replace the old process without having to incur exorbitant amount of
resources.

Keywords: IoT, registration, system, Android.

INTRODUCTION
A registration system has become as important as having an identity card. More than often, a
registration system is needed in almost any event. It can range from a simple seek and sign to
the most complex top-of-the-line comprehensive software and/or hardware. Within
educational line, a simple registration is used almost every week to cater for many different
events or workshops organized by different departments. A simple registration system is
needed to capture the attendance of participants simply just to keep track of the participants
present for the event.

METHODOLOGY
Universities cater for events on continuous basis. Short courses, workshops, or events are
organized frequently mostly for staff and students. Some of these events may carry certain
weightage while less frequently an event may not require registration.
The normal practice in almost every event, as far as registration is concerned, is the manual
system. The names of the participants are printed on pieces of paper and then spread out on
the table during event’s registration. Not only does this time-consuming, the idea of having
this type of registration also proves that the process has not changed for decades.

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The advancement of technologies in the recent years has seen major leap in many areas.
Computers not only being a mere necessity, but have intruded into the lives of many people in
many different ways. A mobile phone has become a second nature even to the tender age
toddlers. A laptop, which was once deemed a tiny computer, is now gigantic compared to the
IoT devices or palm-sized hand phones.
This research aims to enhance the current practice of registration system to cater for ad -hoc
events that merely want to capture the attendance. A web-based system is used for the
flexibility that it offers across multiple platforms. An IoT device, raspberry pi, is chosen for
the versatility and size to fit for mobility after it has gained market momentum in the maker
world[1]. An android application is also developed to ease the process of registratio n instead
of using a laptop computer and a bar code scanner which prove to be bulky. The power to the
devices is supplied by device batteries and power banks.
The core operation relies on the low-cost computer raspberry pi which acts as a central point
of contact for devices intending to act as input devices[2]. It is configured as an access point,
secured with Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)[3], for clients to connect to. It is designed in
such a way to eliminate the problem if internet connectivity is a hindrance in the area. It also
serves HTTP/HTTPS services for each client. A name list of participants must be uploaded
into the system using an intuitive web-based system. This must be done only once. The android
application can be downloaded and sent to client devices to install to ease the process of
registration later.
The application is developed using PHP programming language that interacts with a back-end
MySQL database. Every data collected is stored into this database for report generation. The
report can be accessed and saved when the registration process is complete.

FINDINGS
The result of this experiment has been astounding. The efficiency of the registration process
has increased tremendously especially when dealing with large number of participants. The
system had been put into a test with participant of over 1000 names twice and it surpassed the
expectations. The number of paper consumed for the registration process also showed
downward trending to only a couple of sheets. The ultimate improvement is on time when
participants no longer need to queue on specific till eliminates hordes of people flocking the
entrance for registration.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the Ad-Hoc Versatile Registration System proves to be a good investment in
time and research. The application transforms the process of registration from either using
manual or bulky system into a modern and intuitive system that not only quick to respond but
saves time at the same time.

REFERENCES:
[1] Li, S., Da Xu, L., & Zhao, S. (2018). 5G Internet of Things: A survey. Journal of Industrial
Information Integration, 10, 1-9.
[2] Kyaw, A. K., Truong, H. P., & Joseph, J. (2018). Low-Cost Computing Using Raspberry
Pi 2 Model B. JCP, 13(3), 287-299.
[3] Arana, P. (2006). Benefits and vulnerabilities of Wi-Fi protected access 2
(WPA2). INFS, 612, 1-6.

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