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wish to include multiple email addresses, separate each email address by a comma
or semicolon.
Bcc: stands for blind carbon copy. Any email address written on this list will not be
visible to anyone else.
3.3. Getting Started with MS Outlook e-Mail Communication
Microsoft Outlook is used for sending and receiving emails. It is generally part of the
Microsoft Office suite of applications but it can be purchased separately.
Composing an e-Mail Message
To create a new Microsoft Outlook email
message, click the New Email option on The first email ever sent was
the far left of the Microsoft Outlook Ribbon in 1971. Ray Tomlinson, who
invented the email program
under the Home tab. The New Message sent the message to himself
window appears in the MS Outlook Message and received it on a computer
sitting right next to him.
tab:
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21-
0
2
2
22
0
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The first thing you will need to fill out on the New Messages window is the email header
information. This consists of the following fields:
To: the To field contains the e-mail address or addresses you are sending the email
message to.
Cc: in this field, you can include additional email recipients.
Subject: contains a brief description of your email topic.
Now you want to identify who you’re sending the email message to using the To field. You
can do this is one of two ways:
• type the email address in the field. If there’s more than one email address, use a
comma to separate them.
• click the To field to search your email contacts. Select the contacts you want to send
the message to from the Select Names: Contacts dialogue box.
You also need to complete the Subject field before you send your email message. In this
field, type a short description of what the email is about.
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3.4. Forwarding an Email Message Bcc 1
• You do not have to copy anyone on your email 1 {
message to send it, but MS Outlook gives you the
option to copy or blind copy additional recipients if
you want to. e-Mail Communication
• Contacts who are copied (Cc) on an email message
are typically not expected to respond.
• They are receiving the message for informational
purposes only. For example, you may copy your
friend for a birthday party invitation.
• Contacts who are blind-copied (Bcc) on an email {
message are not visible to others who receive the Cc
message.
Also, you can use the Select Names: Contacts dialogue box to specify the recipients
that are being blind-copied on the message. Instead of clicking the To or Cc field on the
dialogue box, use the Bcc field.
Once you have carefully reviewed your message, you are ready to send it. Click the Send
button in the upper left of the New Message window. Your message will be sent.
3.5. Formatting an e-Mail Message
Microsoft Outlook supports basic text formatting tools common to other Microsoft
products. You can find them on the Ribbon in the Format Text tab:
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To use one of the formatting tools, highlight the text you want to format with your cursor.
Then, click the formatting option in the ribbon that you want to apply to the text.
3.6. Email Attachments
You can easily attach a file or item to your message using the Attach File icon or the
Attach Item icon. These icons are found on the Message tab:
Checkpoint
Alternatively, on the Insert tab, you’ll find the Attach File
icon and the Outlook icon. To attach a file or item to your An e-mail message contains the
sender’s e-mail address, the receiver’s
message, place your cursor in the message. Click the e-mail address, subject, and text
message.
icon and select the item to be attached from your PC or Cc stands for Carbon Copy where as
Bcc stands for Blind Carbon Copy.
from the list that appears. The item is attached below the
Subject line:
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Downloading an Email Attachment
1. Open the email that has a file attached to it. e-Mail Communication
2. Select the attachment dropdown arrow and select Save to download the file to your
computer.
3.7. Replying, Forwarding and Saving an Email Message
Replying to an Email Message
1. Click on the email to which you want
to respond. Click the Reply arrow.
It is in the top-right corner of the
email in the Respond section of your
opened email message.
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2. Enter your reply. Type in the response you want to send to the sender.
3. Click the Send button. It’s a blue button below the bottom-left side of the reply field.
Forwarding an Email Message
1. Select an email. Click on the email to
which you want to respond.
2. Click the Forward button. It is available
in the Respond section of your opened
email message.
3. Enter the email address of the person
to whom you want to forward the
email and click the Send button. It’s a
blue button below the bottom-left side of the reply field.
Saving an Email as a Draft
1. To save a message as a draft, go to
the File tab. Click the Save option.
The unsent message is saved to your
Drafts folder.
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2. The next time you open your email, click the Drafts folder. Double-click on your
message to open it. e-Mail Communication
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Let’s Review
1. Email is a network service that allows two or more people to communicate with one
another through messages that are sent and received from a computer or any similar
device.
2. An email message contains the sender’s email address, the receiver’s email address,
subject, and text message.
3. An email address has two parts; username and domain name for the host server,
separated by @ symbol. For example, [email protected]
4. Any email address written in Cc (carbon copy) list will get a copy of your email that
you’ve composed including the person in the To field.
5. Any email address written in Bcc (Blind carbon copy) this list will not be visible to
anyone else.
6. The subject field contains a brief description of your email topic.
My Word Bank
Electronic mail MS Outlook Username
Receiver Carbon copy
Sender
Blind carbon copy
e-Mail attachment
Domain name
Draft
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Why You Should Learn
to Code?
Future Demand
According to Code.org, 71% of all new STEM jobs are in
computing. Learning how to code will give your child a
head start in the real world.
Creativity skill
When children learn how to code they do not only
consume digital media and technology but create it.
Communication skill
Learning how to code improves logical
communication and strengths in both verbal and
written skills.
Coding is fun
By coding, children can develop their own games,
website, apps and much more. They actually build their
own dreams and desires!
Coding Turtle
Student Learning Outcomes
After going through this chapter, students will be able to:
1. Familiarise with FMS logo interface
2. Use basic commands in FMS logo to program a turtle
3. Draw basic shapes in FMS logo
4. Use simple commands to draw lines and shapes (Forward, Backward, Right, Left, pen
up, pen down and clear screen)
5. Save a program in FMS logo
6. Use REPEAT command to draw shapes in less time
7. Construct commands to corresponding drawings
8. Change the pen colour of the turtle
9. Change the background colour of FMS Logo workspace
10. Take the printout of the drawn shape
ISTE Student Standard Coverage
Empowered Innovative Computational Creative
Learner Designer Thinker Communicator
1a 1d 4a 5d 6d
The City School 2021-2022
4.1. What is FMS Logo
FMS Logo is a free implementation of a computing
environment called Logo, which is an interactive
programming language that is simple, powerful, and
best of all fun. FMS logo can be downloaded from
fmslogo.sourceforge.io
Meet the Logo turtle! He doesn’t have a name. Everyone just calls him the turtle. Sure, he
looks like a triangle, but he’s really a turtle. He’s no ordinary turtle. Unlike other turtles, this
one will do exactly what you tell him to do. Right now, the turtle doesn’t know many tricks,
but he’s a fast learner and he wants you to teach him.
The turtle has a pen tied to his back, so he draws a line wherever he goes. This means you
can draw pictures just by telling him to walk around.
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4.2. Getting Familiar with Turtle Commands
The turtle can only follow instructions that he understands. If you give the turtle an
instruction that he doesn’t understand, he’ll say something like I don’t know how to do that.
Here are some instructions that the turtle already knows.
Procedure Example Description
Forward (number) FORWARD 100 the turtle walks forward 100
screen dots
BACK (number) BACK 100 the turtle walks backward
100 screen dots
LEFT (angle) LEFT 90 the turtle turns left
CLEARSCREEN CLEARSCREEN The turtle erases everything
that he has drawn and goes
back to where he started
PENUP PENUP The turtle moves without
drawing a line
PENDOWN PENDOWN The turtle moves and draws
the line all the way
When you say FORWARD 10, the turtle moves forward 10 screen dots. These screen dots
are also called picture elements or just pixels. The bigger the number, the more the turtle
moves. But what does the number that follows RIGHT and LEFT mean? It’s the number
of degrees to rotate. Here are some pictures to help you remember. For every RIGHT
instruction, there’s a LEFT instruction that does the same thing.
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urtle
RIGHT 0 RIGHT 45 RIGHT 90 RIGHT 90
Coding T
RIGHT 360 LEFT 315 LEFT 270 LEFT 270
LEFT 0
LEFT 360
RIGHT 180 RIGHT 225 RIGHT 270 RIGHT 135
LEFT 180 LEFT 135 LEFT 90 LEFT 45
4.3. Drawing a Square
The turtle doesn’t know how to draw a square. We are going to teach him how, using the
commands that he already knows.
First we draw line using Next we make a corner by turning
FORWARD 100 command right using RIGHT 90 command
Draw another straight line using Repeat the commands until the
FORWARD 100 command square is drawn
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Your code should look like this:
FORWARD 100
RIGHT 90
FORWARD 100
RIGHT 90
FORWARD 100
RIGHT 90
FORWARD 100
4.4. REPEAT Command
In the previous section, we created a square using individual commands. If you observe
closely, most of the instructions were the same. We can create a square using REPEAT
command as well.
Procedure Example Description
REPEAT number [instructions] REPEAT 4 [FORWARD The turtle does the
100RIGHT 90] following four times:
moves forward 100, turns
right 90°.
With the REPEAT command, we can draw a square with just one instruction.
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Even though the turtle just drew a square, he
didn’t learn how to draw a square. If you type in Checkpoint
SQUARE, the turtle will say something like I don’t urtle
Logo is an interactive programming
know how to SQUARE. Try it. language that is simple, powerful, and
best of all fun.
If we want the turtle to learn how to draw a The REPEAT command allows you to
repeat commands a specific number of
square, we have to give him an instruction that time. Coding T
teaches him how.
Now you can use REPEAT command to draw a rectangle, pentagon or any other
polygon. It is only possible if you know at which angles turtle has to turn and how
many steps (commands) have to be repeated to create the required shape.
Always remember that to create a shape involving angles, you have to divide 360 by
the number of sides of the shape, which you want to draw.
For instance,
• If you want to create a pentagon then you have to divide 360 by 5 to get the
angle that will be used to create a pentagon by turning left or right.
• If you want to create a hexagon then you have to divide 360 by 6 to get the angle
that will be used to create a hexagon by turning left or right.
You can draw any shape using the directional command and angles in FMS Logo.
4.5. Changing PEN and SCREEN Colour
You can change the colour of the lines that the turtle draws with the SETPENCOLOR
command. You can change the colour of the screen (or background) with the
SETSCREENCOLOR command.
Command Example Description
SETPENCOLOR color SETPENCOLOR 2 sets the colour that the turtle
draws to green.
SETSCREENCOLOR color SETSCREENCOLOR 2 Fills the entire screen with green.
Anything on the screen will be
erased. The turtle is not moved.
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Quick Tip
The spelling of the word colour in FMS Logo is the American spelling color.
Colour Index
The easy way to change the colour of the turtle’s pen is to give SETPENCOLOR a number
from 0 - 15. Each number will set the turtle’s pen to a different colour, given in the table
below. The number is called the colour index.
Colour Index Colour Name [R G B] Colour
0 Black [0 0 0]
1 blue [0 0 255]
2 Green [0 255 0]
3 Cyan(light blue) [0 255 255]
4 Red [255 0 0]
5 Magenta (reddish purple) [255 0 255]
6 Yellow [255 255 0]
7 White [255 255 255]
8 Brown [155 96 59]
9 Light brown [197 136 18]
10 Dark green [100 162 64]
11 Darkish blue [120 187 187]
12 Tan [255 149 119]
13 Plum (purplish) [144 113 208]
14 Orange [255 163 0]
15 Grey [183 183 183]
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Example
SETSCREEN COLOR 6
urtle
SETPENCOLOR 1
REPEAT 4 [FORWARD 100
Coding T
RIGHT 90]
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Let’s Review
1. FMS Logo is a free implementation of a computing environment called Logo,
which is an interactive programming language that is simple, powerful, and
best of all fun.
2. The turtle has a pen tied to his back, so he draws a line wherever he goes.
3. Screen dots are also called picture elements or just pixels.
4. RIGHT or LEFT command in FMS logo indicates the number of degrees the
turtle will rotate.
5. FORWARD and BACKWARD command in FMS logo indicate the number of
steps turtle will move forward or backwards respectively.
6. The REPEAT command allows you to repeat commands a specific number of
time. It follows the syntax REPEAT number[instructions]
7. The colour of the lines that the turtle draws with can be set with the
SETPENCOLOR command.
8. The colour of the screen (or background) can be set with the
SETSCREENCOLOR command.
My Word Bank
Screen dots BACKWARD
FMS Logo
Turtle
Pixels Picture elements
SETPENCOLOR
FORWARD
RIGHT SETSCREENCOLOR
REPEAT
68
Importance of STEM
Education
S T E M
Science Technology Engineering Mathematics
Did you know, STEM workers earn 26 percent
MORE than those without a STEM background
Projected Job Growth Projected Job Openings
Computer
17% STEM Employment occupation 1,083,800
Non-STEM Employment
Engineers 510,900
9.8% STEM related mgmt 167,600
9.8%
STEM related sales 150,900
Life and physical
science technicians 118,400
Let’s Program
Student Learning Outcomes
After going through this chapter, students will be able to:
1. Understand that Scratch is used for programming games and animations
2. Familiarise with Scratch program and paint editor interface
3. Add a new background and character
4. Command a character using triggering motion and end blocks
5. Save a program in Scratch junior
6. Edit an existing Scratch junior program
7. Insert and program multiple characters in an animation
8. Use the commands of Motion block
9. Use the commands of Looks block
10. Use the commands of Sound block
11. Use the commands of Control block
12. Use multiple blocks to create an animation
ISTE Student Standard Coverage
Empowered Computational Creative
Learner Thinker Communicator
1a 1d 5c 5d 6d
The City School 2021-2022
5.1. Introduction to Scratch Jr
Scratch Jr is a free, introductory computer programming language that runs on
computers and Android tablets. Inspired by
Scratch, the wildly popular programming forever
language used by millions of children imagine
worldwide, Scratch Jr helps even younger kids program
create their own playful animations, interactive
stories and dynamic games. share
Users program in Scratch by dragging blocks
from the block palette and attaching them to
other blocks like a jigsaw puzzle. This method
of programming (building code with blocks) is
referred to as drag-and-drop programming.
You snap together graphical programming
blocks to make characters move, jump, dance, and sing. You can modify characters in the
paint editor, add your own voices and sounds, even insert your photos and then use the
programming blocks to make their characters come to life.
5.2. What is Coding
Coding (or computer programming) is a new type of literacy. Just as writing helps you
organize your thinking and express your ideas, the same is true for coding. As you code
with Scratch Jr, you learn how to create and express yourself with the computer, not just
to interact with it.
You also use math and language in a meaningful way, supporting the development of
numeracy and literacy skills.
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5.3. Scratch Interface
1. Save: Save the current project and exit to the Home page.
2. Stage: This is where the action takes place in the project. To delete a character, press
and hold it.
3. Presentation Mode: Expand the stage to the full screen.
4. Grid Toggle: on (and off) the x-y coordinate grid.
5. Change Background: Select or create a background image for the stage.
6. Add Text: Write titles and labels on the stage.
7. Reset Characters: Reset all characters to their starting positions on the stage. (Drag
characters to set up new starting positions).
8. Green Flag: Start all programming scripts that begin with a Start on Green Flag block
by tapping here.
9. Pages: Select among the pages in your project or tap the plus sign to add a new page.
Each page has its own set of characters and background. To delete a page, press and
hold it. To reorder pages, drag them to new positions.
10. Project Information: Change the title of the project and see when the project was
created.
11. Undo and Redo: If you make a mistake, tap Undo to go back in time, reversing the last
action. Tap Redo to reverse the last Undo.
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12. Programming Script: Snap blocks together to make a programming script,
telling the character what to do. Tap anywhere on a script to make it run. To
delete a block or script, drag it outside the programming area. To copy a block
or script from one character to another, drag it onto the character’s thumbnail.
13. Programming Area: This is where you connect programming blocks to create
scripts.
14. Blocks Palette: This is the menu of programming blocks. Drag a block into the Let’s Program-Scratch
programming area, then tap on it to see what it does.
15. Block Categories: This is where you can select a category of programming
blocks: Triggering Blocks (Yellow), Motion (Blue), Looks (Purple), Sounds (Green),
Control (Orange), End Blocks (Red).
16. Characters: Select among the characters in your project -- or tap the plus sign
to add a new one. Once a character is selected, you can edit its scripts, tap its
name to rename it, or tap the paintbrush to edit its image. To delete a character,
press and hold it. To copy a character to another page, drag it to the page
thumbnail.
Paint Editor Interface
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1. Undo: Reverse the most recent change.
2. Redo: Reverse the most recent undo.
3. Shape: Choose a shape to draw a line, circle, rectangle or triangle.
4. Character Name: Edit the name of the character.
5. Cut: After selecting the cut tool, you can tap a character or shape to remove it from the
6. canvas.
7. Duplicate: After selecting the duplicate tool, you can tap a character or shape to create
a copy of it.
8. Rotate: After selecting the rotate tool, you can tap a character or shape around its
centre.
9. Drag: After selecting the drag tool, you can drag a character or shape on the canvas.
10. Save: Saving changes and leave the editor.
11. Fill: After selecting the fill tool, you can tap any section of a character or shape to fill it
with the currently selected colour.
12. Camera: After selecting the camera tool, you can tap any section of a character or
shape, and then tap the take the picture.
13. Colour: Select a new colour to use for drawing and filling a shape.
14. Line Width: Change the width of the lines in the shapes you are drawing.
5.3. Programming Blocks
Triggering Blocks
Start on Green Flag
Starts the script when the Green Flag is tapped.
Start on Bump
Starts the script when the character is touched by another character.
ag
e
Send Message
Send Mess
Sends a message of the specified color.
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Start on Tap
Starts the script when you tap on the character
Start on Message
Starts the script whenever a message of the specified color is sent Let’s Program-Scratch
Motion Blocks
Move Right
Moves the character a specified number of grid squares to the
1 right.
Move Left
Moves the character a specified number of grid squares to the
1 left.
Move Up
Moves the character a specified number of grid squares up.
Start on Green Flag 1
Move Down
Start on Bump
Moves the character a specified number of grid squares down.
1
Hop
Moves the character a specified number of grid squares down.
2
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Turn Right
Rotates the character clockwise a specified amount. Turn 12 for a full
1 rotation
Turn Left
Rotates the character counterclockwise a specified amount. Turn 12 for a
1 full rotation.
Go Home
Resets the character’s location to its starting position. (To set a new starting
position, drag the character to the location).
Looks Blocks
Say
Resets the character’s location to its starting position. (To set a new starting
Hi position, drag the character to the location).
Grow
Increases the character’s size.
2
Shrink
Decreases the character’s size.
2
Reset Size
Returns the character to its default size.
2
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Hide
Fades out the character until it is invisible.
Show Let’s Program-Scratch
Fades in the character until it is fully visible.
Sounds Blocks
Pop
Plays ‘pop’ sound.
pop
Play Recorded Sound
1 Plays a sound recorded by the user.
Control Blocks
Wait
Plays a sound recorded by the user.
10
Stop
Stops all the characters’ scripts.
Set Speed
Changes the rate at which certain blocks are run.
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End Blocks
Set Speed
Indicates the end of script (but does not effect the script in anyway).
Repeat Forever
Runs the script over and over.
Go to Page
2
Changes to the specified page of the project.
Resources
Sample Lesson Links
https://thehivelearn.cac.qld.edu.au/mod/folder/view.php?id=40477
Scratch Junior Download Links
For desktop
https://github.com/jfo8000/ScratchJr-Desktop/releases/
download/v1.3.2/ScratchJr-1.3.2.Setup.exe
For Mac
https://github.com/jfo8000/ScratchJr-Desktop/releases/
download/v1.3.2/ScratchJr-1.3.2.Setup.exe
For Android
https://github.com/jfo8000/ScratchJr-Desktop/
releases/download/v1.3.2/ScratchJr-1.3.2.Setup.exe
For iPhone
https://apps.apple.com/us/app/scratchjr/id895485086
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Let’s Review
1. Scratch Jr is a free, introductory computer programming language that runs on
computers and tablets.
2. Scratch Jr helps even younger kids create their own playful animations, interactive
stories and dynamic games.
3. Users program in Scratch by dragging blocks from the block palette and attaching
them to other blocks like a jigsaw puzzle.
4. Scratch Jr allows to snap together graphical programming blocks to make
characters move, jump, dance, and sing.
5. Coding (or computer programming) is a new type of literacy. Just as writing helps
you organize your thinking and express your ideas, the same is true for coding.
My Word Bank!
Scratch Jr Triggering blocks Programming script
Coding
Motion blocks Block palette
Sound blocks
Looks blocks
Block palette End block
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Data Analysis-Application
Security Delivery Healthcare
Urban Planning Energy Consumption Travelling
Analysing Data
Data Analysis-Application
Student Learning Outcomes
After going through this chapter, students will be able to:
1. Familiarize with Microsoft Excel Interface
2. Understand the difference between a cell and cell range
Security Delivery Healthcare 3. Create a new excel worksheet and work with an existing excel worksheet
4. Can open an existing excel worksheet
5. Adjust column’s width and row’s height
6. Save the worksheet
7. Use of addition, subtraction, division and multiplication formula
8. Print preview the worksheet
9. Save the worksheet
10. Print the worksheet
ISTE Student Standards Coverage
Urban Planning Energy Consumption Travelling
Creative Knowledge Computational
Communicator Constructor Thinker
6a 6b 6c 6d 3d 5a 5b
The City School 2021-2022
6.1. Introduction to Spreadsheet
Spreadsheet program that allows you to store, organize, and analyze information. A
spreadsheet is a collection of columns and
rows, which make up a grid. The point where
a column and a row meet is called a cell. A
cell is a space in which you can enter your
data. Data can be entered in the form of text
and numbers. Each cell in a spreadsheet has
a unique address. The address of a cell is
denoted by the column name and the row
number.
Spreadsheet programs can be used to handle accounts, budgets and other financial
issues. Most spreadsheet programs allow users to create graphs based on the data
entered. Many spreadsheet programs are available on the market today. Microsoft Excel is
one of them.
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Spreadsheet Interface
Analysing Data
1. Quick access toolbar: lets you access common commands no matter which tab is
selected. You can customize the commands depending on your preference.
2. Ribbon: contains all of the commands you will need to perform common tasks in Excel.
It has multiple tabs, each with several groups of commands.
3. Tell me: works like a search bar to help you quickly find tools or commands you want
to use.
4. Microsoft account: allows to access your Microsoft account information, view your
profile, and switch accounts.
5. Name box: displays the location, or name, of a selected cell.
6. Formula bar: enter or edit data, a formula, or a function that will appear in a specific
cell.
7. Cell: intersection of a row and a column. Simply click to select a cell.
8. Column: a group of cells that runs from the top of the page to the bottom. In Excel,
columns are identified by letters.
9. Row: a group of cells that runs from the left of the page to the right.
10. Worksheet: Excel files are called workbooks. Each workbook holds one or more
worksheets.
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11. Worksheet view options: there are three ways to view a worksheet. Simply click a
command to select the desired view.
12. Zoom control: click and drag the slider to use the zoom control. The number to the
right of the slider reflects the zoom percentage.
13. Vertical and horizontal scroll bar: allow to scroll up and down or side to side. To do this,
click and drag the vertical or horizontal scroll bar.
6.2. Understanding Cells
Every worksheet is made up of thousands of rectangles, which are called cells. A cell is
the intersection of a row and a column. Columns are identified by letters (A, B, C), while
rows are identified by numbers (1, 2, 3).
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You can also select multiple cells at the same time. A group of cells is known as a
cell range. Rather than a single cell address, you will refer to a cell range using the
cell addresses of the first and last cells in the cell range, separated by a colon. For
Analysing Data
example, a cell range that includes cells A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5 would be written as
A1:A5.
In the images below, two different cell ranges are selected:
Cell Range A1:A8 Cell Range A1:B8
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Select a Cell Range
Click, hold, and drag the mouse until all of the adjoining cells you want to select
are highlighted. Release the mouse to select the desired cell range. The cells will remain
selected until you click another cell in the worksheet.
6.3. Understanding Workbook in Excel
Checkpoint
Excel files are called workbooks. Whenever you
start a new project in Excel, you will need to create Spreadsheet program that allows you
a new workbook. There are several ways to start to store, organize, and analyze
information.
working with a workbook in Excel. You can choose A cell is the intersection of a row and a
column.
to create a new workbook either with a blank
A group of cells is known as a cell
workbook or a pre-designed template or open an range.
existing workbook.
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Create a New Blank Workbook
1. Select the File tab. Backstage view will appear.
Analysing Data
2. Select New, then click Blank workbook. A new blank workbook will be displayed.
Open an Existing Workbook
1. Navigate to Backstage view, then click Open.
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2. Click Browse. Alternatively, you can choose OneDrive to open files stored on your OneDrive.
3. The Open dialogue box will appear. Locate and select your workbook, then click Open.
Saving a Workbook
Whenever you create a new workbook in Excel, you will need to know how to save it in
order to access and edit it later.
It is important to save your workbook whenever you start a new project or make changes
to an existing one. Saving early and often can prevent your work from being lost.
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1. Locate and select the Save command on the Quick Access toolbar.
Analysing Data
2. If you are saving the file for the first time, click File and the Save As pane will
appear in Backstage view.
3. You will then need to choose where to save the file and give it a file name. To save the
workbook to your computer, click Browse.
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4. The Save As dialogue box will appear. Select the location where you want to save the
workbook. Enter a file name for the workbook, then click Save. The workbook will be
saved. You can click the Save command again to save your changes as you modify the
workbook.
6.4. Manipulating Cells in Excel
By default, every row and column of a new
workbook is set to the same height and width. Around 95% of companies
Excel allows you to modify column width and says their inability to
row height in different ways, including wrapping understand and manage
text and merging cells. unstructured data is holding
them back.
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Adjusting Column Width
1. Position the mouse over the column line in the column heading so the white cross
Analysing Data
becomes a double arrow .
2. Click, hold, and drag the mouse to increase or decrease the column width.
3. Release the mouse. The column width will be changed.
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Quick Tip
If you see pound signs (#######) in a cell, it means the column is not wide
enough to display the cell content. Simply increase the column to show the cell
content.
Adjusting Row Height
1. Position the mouse over the row line so the white cross becomes a double arrow .
Click, hold, and drag the mouse to increase or decrease the row height.
2. Release the mouse. The height of the selected row will be changed.
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6.5. Understanding Cell Reference
While you can create simple formulas in
Excel manually (for example, =2+2 or =5*5), Checkpoint
most of the time you will use cell addresses
to create a formula. This is known as Excel allows you to modify column Analysing Data
making a cell reference. Using cell width and row height in different ways,
including wrapping text and merging
references will ensure that your formulas cells.
are always accurate because you can Excel allows to calculate numerical
information using formulas.
change the value of referenced cells without
having to rewrite the formula.
By combining a mathematical operator with cell references, you can create a variety
of simple formulas in Excel. By combining a mathematical operator with cell references,
you can create a variety of simple formulas in Excel. Formulas can also include a
combination of cell references and numbers, as in the examples below:
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6.6. Working with Formulas in Excel
One of the most powerful features in Excel is the +
ability to calculate numerical information 1 / *
using formulas. Just like a calculator, Excel can
add, subtract, multiply, and divide. Excel uses
standard operators for formulas, such as a plus 20 15
sign for addition (+), a minus sign for -
subtraction (-), an asterisk for multiplication (*)
and a forward slash for division (/).
All formulas in Excel must begin with an equality
sign (=). This is because the cell contains, or is equal to, the formula and the value it
calculates.
Creating Simple Formula in Excel
In our example below, we will use a simple formula and cell references to calculate a
budget.
1. Select the cell that will contain the formula. In our example, we’ll select cell B4.
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2. Type the equals sign (=). Notice how it appears in both the cell and the formula
bar.
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3. Type the cell address of the cell you want to reference first in the formula: cell B1
in our example. A blue border will appear around the referenced cell.
4. Type the mathematical operator you want to use. In our example, we’ll type the
addition sign (+). Type the cell address of the cell you want to reference second in the
formula: cell B2 in our example. A red border will appear around the referenced cell.
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5. Press Enter on your keyboard. The formula will be calculated, and the value will be
displayed in the cell.
The same procedure is followed to enter the multiplication, division and subtraction
formula in a cell.
6.7. Printing Worksheet and Workbook
1. Select the File tab. Backstage view will appear. Select Print. The Print pane will appear.
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2. Navigate to the Print pane, then select the desired printer.
Analysing Data
3. Enter the number of copies you wish to print. Select Print. The Print pane will appear.
Click Print.
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Let’s Review
1. Spreadsheet program that allows you to store, organize, and analyze
information.
2. The point where a column and a row meet is called a cell.
3. Data can be entered in the form of text and numbers.
4. A group of cells is known as a cell range.
5. Excel files are called workbooks.
6. Excel allows you to modify column width and row height in different ways,
including wrapping text and merging cells.
7. Excel allows to use cell addresses to create a formula. This is known as making
a cell reference.
8. Numerical information in excel can be calculated using formulas.
9. Spreadsheet programs can be used to handle accounts, budgets and other
financial issues.
My Word Bank
Rows Cell reference
Spreadsheet
MS Excel
Columns Column width
Workbook Cells
Row height
Worksheet Formula
98
Screen Time Exposure
According to Age
For children under 3 For 2 to 5 yrs old, For children 6+ yrs,
yrs, screen time is not limit screen time to 1 limit screen time
recommended hr/day consistently and
monitor media they
are exposed to
Excessive Screen Time Consequences
1. Sleep deprivation
2. Increased risk of obesity
3. Impaired socialising skills
4. Poor grades
5. Anxiety and stress
6. Mood swings
Using Communication
Tools
Student Learning Outcomes
After going through this chapter, students will be able to:
1. Understand the function and use of web browser and search engines
2. Add a website to favorite and bookmarks
3. Translate text in different languages from different online translation services
4. Create an account on MS Teams
5. Log in to Microsoft Teams
6. View and add contacts in MS Teams
7. Initiate an audio and video call along with chat
8. Post content for collaboration purpose
9. Understand the function and benefits of One Drive
10. Organize work on One Drive by creating and uploading files and folders
11. Sharing files with friends on One Drive
12. Understand the function and benefits of Google Drive
13. Organize work on Google Drive by creating and uploading files and folders
14. Sharing files with friends on Google Drive
15. Understand the concept of a strong password
16. Understand the important tips for creating a strong password
ISTE Student Standard Coverage
Empowered Knowledge Global
Learner Constructor Collaborator
1a 1b 1d 3a 7a
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