27th Architectural Notebook

Pre-Plumbed Mediserve Applications - 47

C&B Systems LBH L/M Inset Dumfries & Galloway Hospital Project Value £1.275M
LBGL/M
(Mediserve) Hospital Pre-plumbed Assemblies
Vanity Unit
C&B Systems design, assist with design, manufacture and install
pre-plumbed Mediserve sanitary assemblies. The designs meet and Walsall Manor Hospital
exceed current legislation and guidance notes for hospitals; HBNs,
HGNs, HTMs and the Scotland and Wales versions. WRAS approved Bariatric WC
products.
St Bartholomew’s Hospital - London Project Value £1.276M
Mediserve sanitary assemblies are installed in many UK hospitals, both
large and small. Shower

Why C&B Systems? Hi/Lo Bath

C&B Systems also consider price, quality and we are contracted for our WCHDToiletAssembly- Assisted,Ambulant,Disabled/WheelchairUsers
technical, product and HTM / WRAS knowledge and our track record.
Birthing Pool
The assemblies aim to minimise risk while maximising benefit. Most
important is the safe delivery of water given varying pressures and flow Baby Change Assembly The Royal Liverpool Hospital Project Value £5M
rates and without contamination.
SUH3 Scrub Up Assembly DUHS Disposal Unit & Sink
By understanding hospital requirements, such as the water source and
its quality, the type of pipework and appliances used to deliver the water,
C&B Systems Mediserve assemblies provide a high quality product for
patients and hospital staff, incorporating maintenance and the effect of
flushing fluids, cleaners and soaps on metals / plastic. Consideration of
abuse and misuse are also taken into account.

New Products & Materials

C&B Systems continue to improve ‘Pre-plumbed assemblies’ (Mediserve)
and the materials used within them. The client’s acceptance of new ideas
is difficult to achieve as the comfort zone of previous use within hospitals
is a dominant influence.

There are many non-science based manufacturers’ solutions to problems
of bugs and biofilm. These seem to have been created as a quick fix to
the questionable conclusions of HTM 04-01 (A, B & C and the supplement).

Working closely with contractors, trusts, components suppliers, facility
managers, infectious controls and manual handling on the assemblies
has enabled C&B Systems to continue to bring innovations.

C&B Systems can improve design for varying sanitary assemblies, ADL
rooms, mortuary, endoscope, birthing pool, foot wash, or the basic en
suite / ward arrangement.

Facility Management – C&B Systems replace, supply and install sanitary
ware and panel sets to keep a hospital up to date with HBN changes or
upgrades.

Specifics

Pre-plumbed Mediserve Products

Material choices for the products
C&B Systems have developed solutions to regular questions that arise.

Tested Assemblies – Anyone can choose a tap, basin, waste pipe,
thermostat and put them on a panel set. C&B Systems specialise in
understanding water pressure, flow rates and products to ensure water
is delivered safely and within the standards / guidelines.
C&B Systems also ensure the water exits correctly and that all assemblies
are weight tested.

Pipework – Copper, plastic or stainless? Trace heating, insulation or
neither? – Is the water hard or soft, brown-field, green-field, grey or
borehole? This can affect the pipe type.

Taps – Electronic or manual, cool touch or scald – Bugs can breed
differently in different products. Are you sure you have the correctly
researched tap? Are you about to purchase a non-proven fashion piece
or gadget that could increase your risk? (Currently snap-on spouts which
can be used as a weapon, sold as scrap or screw in holes at tap outlets).
Is the tap coordinated with the basin, sink or trough and will the water
funnel or splash? Can you actually get your elbows behind the lever, or
does the lever go back to the panel? Should the TMV3 valve be integrated
or external? Has the chosen component assembly been tested?

Pottery Products – How much glaze has been applied and at what
temperature? Is the surface flat or full of pit holes? Does the water run
smoothly away? What about the ‘toilet sneeze?’ or cracking seats?

Stainless Products – What grade is being used and what is the finish?
Has the surface been ground flat? What is the surface like at the bends?
How many homes for bugs have been made?
Weights etc. – Will the total assembly take the prescribed downward
loads and how do we integrate with the grab rails and group 2 equipment?

C&B Systems Tel : 020 8977 2968

Water Solutions Centre

25 Church Road Email : [email protected]

Teddington Website : www.candbsystems.com

TW11 8PF e-commerce shop :www.brightwashrooms.co.uk

48 - Vacuum Drainage Systems

Eurovac

Eurovac is the sole UK agent for Evac Vacuum Systems, which were first
introduced more than 40 years ago in building applications. Evac’s
vacuum technology has proven to be a winning combination of reliability
and durability. The Evac vacuum toilet solution minimises the use of fresh
water for toilet flushes. At the same time, it offers you ultimate freedom
of piping design. Additionally, the reuse of grey water contributes to a
small water footprint at your building.
Today Eurovac is the premier supplier of vacuum systems to the UK
Building and Industrial markets, with most major supermarkets using Evac
Systems. Over 150 buildings in the UK are now equipped with a vacuum
drainage system, from space age hotel concepts such as Yotels,
high-tech laboratories like Diamond Light Source and everyday office
blocks for Vodafone to special buildings like St Pancras International
Railway Station and Heathrow T5.

Benefits of the Evac Solution

For building designers:

• Increased design flexibility

• No requirement for soil stacks or vents

• Pipes can be routed over & around obstacles

• Manufactured to European Standard ISO 9001 with BBA Certificate

• Opportunity for designers to earn BREEAM points for new buildings
For building owners:

• Less water required (only 1.2 litres per flush) = savings in water costs

• Less need for fresh water production, water treatment & storage

• Increased planning options

• Increased hygiene & better air movement in sanitary facilities

• No need for piping ventilation
For supermarkets:

• Flexible design & easy adjustment of future store plans

• Short construction schedules with minimum customer disruption

• No concrete & tile work when relocating or adding display cases

• Lower costs compared to under slab gravity waste piping

• No blocked drains & odours from under slab waste piping

• Quick & easy last-minute floor plan adjustments

• Safe, reliable & easily maintained waste collection system

Vacuum Toilets

The Evac Vacuum Toilet looks like any conventional toilet, but instead of
relying on gravity it creates a powerful vacuum to flush the toilet. Water
consumption is very low – only 1.2 litres per flush. Because the operation
is pneumatic, no electrical connections are needed. However, the Evac
Vacuum toilet for buildings is no noisier than a conventional gravity WC.

Vacuum Interface Units

The Vacuum Interface Unit allows standard sanitary items such as
showers, basins, washing machines etc to be connected into the vacuum
drainage system. The interface units can come in varying shapes and
sizes depending on the type and quantity of water to be collected. Just
like the vacuum toilet, there are no electrical connections required.

Vacuum Collection Units

The Vacuum Collection Unit creates the vacuum for the system and is
the only part of the system that consumes energy. It consists of a vacuum
tank, vacuum pumps, discharge pump and operating control panel. The
size and number of tanks and pumps depend on the size and type of the
project, number of toilets, frequency of use, etc.

Vacuum is not just for Sewage - Vacuum Food Waste
Collection

A growing source of waste in the western world is from food, and all food
waste must be managed. We all do this in our personal life by separating
our waste food matter in our homes and relying on a dedicated council
collection to remove this. We all believe it is the correct and environmental
thing to do. But doing this on a commercial scale in restaurants, kitchens
and food hall complexes produces a new set of challenges.
One of these is getting all the food waste from several areas of the building
to a central location for collection. This is where vacuum plays its part
once again as an efficient medium for conveying waste. Using our
expertise gained through our experiences in 50 years waste transfer in
the transportation and building sectors, the Bvac brand offers the vacuum
food waste collection system.

European Vacuum Drainage Systems Tel : 01634 684 779

Unit 35 Lordswood Industrial Estate Fax : 01634 661 510

Gleamingwood Drive @EVDSltd

Chatham Email : [email protected]

Kent ME5 8RZ Website : www.evds.org.uk

Technical Data Index - 49

Acknowledgements & Useful Addresses .............................................................................. ..................................... 50

Metric Conversions / Conversion Formulae . ...................................................................................... ..................... 51

Breathable Insulated Lime Floors ............................................ Telling Lime Products ........................................... 52

Cooling Effects & Chilled Beams ................................................. FRENGER Systems ............................................. 53

Terca Technical Data ................................................................... Terca Wienerberger ............................................. 54

Dry Fix / Ventilation Solutions for Roofing Systems ................... Wienerberger ......................................... 55

Total Roof Access Solutions ......................................................... Bilco UK ................................................. ............ 56

Natural Slate for Roofing - Technical Information ....................... SSQ Natural Slate ............................ ................. 57

Complete Roofing & Cladding Solutions ........................... SIG Design & Technology .. . .......................... 58

How to Fix Fibre Cement Slates ..................................... Cembrit ................................................................. 59

Structural Performance of Lintels ................................................ Catnic ........................................ . ................... 60

Catnic Building Products .............................................................. Catnic ................................................................... 61

Fenestration Solutions - Technical Details & Service ................. VEKA . . . .. . ............................. 62

Secondary Glazing Range & Specifications ................................ Selectaglaze ......................................................... 63

Rainwater Systems ............... . .. ............................... Swish Building Products ...................................... 64

Roofline Systems & Ventilation ......................................... Swish Building Products ...................................... 65

Cladding Systems . ........ . ................................. Swish Building Products .......................... ......... 66

Decking & Flooring Systems ............................................ Ecodek . . 67

Custom-Made Slotted Channel . . . . ...................... Wade International ............................................... 68

Wall & Ceiling Coatings ............................................................... Construction Specialties (UK) .............................. 69

High Performance Weather Louvres ........................................ Gilberts (Blackpool) .............................................. 70

Trench Heating ............... . ................................... SPC . ........................................... 71

Floor Coverings - Technical Information ..................................... Polyflor .................................................. ........ 72

Specification of Safety Flooring ................................................... Polyflor .............................................................. 73

Trench Heating . . ... . . RCM Products .. 74

The Art of Handling Air . . TROX UK . . . . . . 75

Meeting Regulations with Electric/Renewable Heating ............. Glen Dimplex . . . . 76

Air Curtain Product Selector .. .. JS Air Curtains . . . . .. 77

Air Terminal Device Selection . . ... Waterloo Air Products .. . . .. 78

Air Terminal Device Selection . . ... Waterloo Air Products .. .. .. 79

Britstream Ventilation Canopies ................................................... Britannia Kitchen Ventilation ............................ . 80

Kitchen Ventilation ................................ . ............................ Britannia Kitchen Ventilation ............................ . 81

Therma V Heat Pump System ..................................................... LG Electronics ...................................................... 82

nVent RAYCHEM Underfloor Heating - Product Selection ........ nVent RAYCHEM ................................ . ......... 83

Heat Pumps for Heating .............................................................. Mitsubishi Electric ............................... . .......... 84

Air Conditioning, Ventilation & Controls ..................................... Mitsubishi Electric ....................................... . .. 85

Energy Savings Using Radiant Heat ........................................... Zehnder Group UK ............................................... 86

Underfloor Heating & Ice / Snow Melting . . Heat Mat . . . . 87

Moulded Resin Products ......................................................... C&B Systems ........................... . .................... 88

Water Solutions, Hospitals, School & Safety First .... C&B Systems .................................................... 89

Ceramic Options .. .. C&B Systems .................................................... 90

Vacuum Drainage Technology . . Eurovac . 91

Project Team Details ..................................................................................................................................................... 92 - 93

Addresses & Telephone Numbers ............................................................................................................................... 94 - 95

50 - Acknowledgements & Useful Addresses

Technical Data : Design Criteria : Checklists : Specification Guidelines

Compilation Useful Addresses

The information contained in the following sections has been compiled Association for Project Management
to assist Architects, Technicians, Project Managers and Specifiers in the
United Kingdom at all stages of design. Ibis House Regent Park Summerleys Road Princes Risborough
It is not intended to provide a comprehensive design manual but to assist Buckinghamshire HP27 9LE
experienced Architects and specifiers by providing recognised data in an Tel : 0845 458 1944
accessible format. Contact : apm.org.uk/contact-us
Data has been obtained from many sources based upon advice from apm.org.uk
active Architects within the industry, which has been added to by selected
Manufacturers. British Board of Agrément

Applications Bucknalls Lane Watford Hertfordshire WD25 9BA
Tel : 01923 665300
The main purposes of Rules of Thumb are in: Contact : [email protected]
www.bbacerts.co.uk
Simple Repetitive Designs
Design parameters and costs can often be provided by simple rules rather British Safety Council
than detailed estimating.
70 Chancellors Road London W6 9RS
Preliminary Assessments Tel : 020 3510 8355
Producing guideline parameters for alternative options at project Contact : [email protected]
conception stage. www.britsafe.org

Outline Design BSI Standards
Deriving approximate dimensions and size implications at the sketch plan
stage of a project. 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL
Tel : 0345 086 9001
Final Design Email : [email protected]
To check that the final design parameters are of the right order. This is www.bsigroup.com
to avoid major errors passing unnoticed in detailed computations.
Building Research Establishment T/A BRE
Handing on Experience
To assist junior Technicians to develop a feel for Common Sense Bucknalls Lane Watford Hertfordshire WD25 9XX
Parameters. Tel : 0333 321 8811
Email : [email protected]
Software Error Traps www.bregroup.co.uk
To question the calculated results obtained from a computer programme
if it appears to be unreasonable in the light of known parameters. The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB)
This could be due to an error in the software or, more likely, an error in
inputting data. 1 Arlington Square Downshire Way Bracknell Berks RG12 1WA
Rules of Thumb built into software as common sense checks are known Tel : 01344 630 700
as Heuristics. Email : [email protected]
They perform a checking function and send a warning message to the www.ciob.org
operator, if detailed calculations provide a “nonsense” answer.
Construction Industry Council (CIC)
Acknowledgements
The Building Centre 26 Store Street London WC1E 7BT
The publishers acknowledge with thanks, the contributors to the technical Tel : 020 7399 7400
sections and the permission granted for including the extracts during its Email : [email protected]
compilation: www.cic.org.uk
Royal Institute of British Architects
British Standards Institute Design Council
Building Research Establishment
Selected Sponsoring Manufacturers Angel Building 407 St John Street London EC1V 4AB
Tel : 020 7420 5200
Liability Email : [email protected]
www.designcouncil.org.uk
BuildingDesign Media has made every effort to ensure accuracy of
information collated from a number of sources, however, cannot accept Health & Safety Executive (HSE)
any liability for:
Redgrave Court Merton Road Bootle Merseyside L20 7HS
i) Errors & omissions Contact : www.hse.gov.uk/contact/contact.htm
www.hse.gov.uk
ii) Any loss or damage arising from their use
NBS NBS
iii) Responsibility that the data listed conforms to legal, The Old Post Office St Nicholas Street Newcastle Upon Tyne
Tyne & Wear NE1 1RH
statutory or regulatory requirements Tel : 0345 456 9594
Email : [email protected]
www.theNBS.com

Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA)

66 Portland Place London W1B 1AD
Tel : 020 7580 5533
Email : [email protected]
www.architecture.com

The Organisations listed above are for general information and do not endorse, support or sponsor this publication in any form.

Metric Conversions / Conversion Formulae - 51

Inches Millimetres Miles Kilometres Cu Feet Cu Metres Gallons Litres

0.039 1 25.400 0.621 1 1.609 35.315 1 0.028 0.220 1 4.546
0.079 2 50.800 70.629 2 0.057 0.440 2 9.092
0.118 3 76.200 1.243 2 3.219 105.944 3 0.085 0.660 3 13.638
0.157 4 101.600 141.259 4 0.113 0.880 4 18.184
0.197 5 127.000 1.864 3 4.828 176.573 5 0.142 1.100 5 22.730
0.236 6 152.400 211.888 6 0.170 1.320 6 27.277
0.276 7 177.800 2.485 4 6.437 247.203 7 0.198 1.540 7 31.823
0.315 8 203.200 282.517 8 0.227 1.760 8 36.369
0.354 9 228.600 3.107 5 8.047 317.832 9 0.255 1.980 9 40.915

3.728 6 9.656

4.350 7 11.265

4.971 8 12.875

5.592 9 14.484

Feet Metres Sq Feet Sq Metres Cu Yards Cu Metres Ounces Grams

3.281 1 0.305 10.764 1 0.093 1.308 1 0.765 0.035 1 28.350
6.562 2 0.610 21.528 2 0.186 2.616 2 1.529
9.843 3 0.914 32.292 3 0.279 3.924 3 2.294 0.071 2 56.699
13.123 4 1.219 43.056 4 0.372 5.232 4 3.058
16.404 5 1.524 53.820 5 0.465 6.540 5 3.823 0.106 3 85.049
19.685 6 1.829 64.583 6 0.557 7.848 6 4.587
22.966 7 2.134 75.347 7 0.650 9.156 7 5.352 0.141 4 113.398
26.247 8 2.438 86.111 8 0.743 10.464 8 6.116
29.528 9 2.743 96.875 9 0.836 11.772 9 6.881 0.176 5 141.748

0.212 6 170.097

0.247 7 198.447

0.282 8 226.796

0.317 9 255.146

Yards Metres Sq Yards Sq Metres Pints Litres Pounds Kilograms

1.094 1 0.914 1.196 1 0.836 1.760 1 0.568 2.205 1 0.454
2.187 2 1.829 2.392 2 1.672 3.520 2 1.137 4.409 2 0.907
3.281 3 2.743 3.588 3 2.508 5.279 3 1.705 6.614 3 1.361
4.374 4 3.658 4.784 4 3.345 7.039 4 2.273 8.818 4 1.814
5.468 5 4.572 5.980 5 4.181 8.799 5 2.841 11.023 5 2.268
6.562 6 5.486 7.176 6 5.017 10.559 6 3.410 13.228 6 2.722
7.655 7 6.401 8.372 7 5.853 12.318 7 3.978 15.432 7 3.175
8.749 8 7.315 9.568 8 6.689 14.078 8 4.546 17.637 8 3.629
9.843 9 8.230 10.764 9 7.525 15.838 9 5.114 19.842 9 4.082

The Key Figure printed in Bold in the centre column can be read as either the metric or British measure, thus 1 metre = 1.094 yard or 1 yard = 0.914 metre

Conversion Formulae

To convert Multiply by To convert Multiply by To convert Multiply by
Length Area continued Capacity
Inches to centimetres 2.54 Sq yards to sq metres 0.8361 Pints to millilitres 568.26125
Centimetres to inches 0.3937 Sq metres to sq yards 1.1959 Millilitres to pints 0.001759
Feet to metres 0.3048 Acres to hectares 0.4046 Gallons to litres 4.546
Metres to feet 3.2808 Hectares to acres Litres to gallons 0.2199
Yards to metres 0.9144 Sq miles to sq kilometres 2.471
Metres to yards 1.0936 Sq kilometres to sq miles 2.5899 Weight 28.3495
Miles to kilometres 1.6093 0.3861 Ounces to grams 0.03527
Kilometres to miles 0.6213 Volume Grams to ounces
Cu inches to cu centimetres 16.387 Pounds to grams 453.59
Area 6.4516 Cu centimetres to cu inches 0.06102 Grams to pounds 0.002204
Sq inches to sq centimetres 0.155 Cu feet to cu metres 0.02831 Pounds to kilograms
Sq centimetres to sq inches Cu metres to cu feet 35.3147 Kilograms to pounds 0.45359
Sq feet to sq metres 0.0929 Cu yards to cu metres 0.76455 Tons to kilograms 2.2046
Sq metres to sq feet 10.7639 Cu metres to cu yards 1.30795 Kilograms to tons
1016.0469
0.000984

International Paper Sizes

A mm A mm A mm A mm

AO 1189 x 841 A2 594 x 420 A4 297 x 210 A6 148 x 105

A1 841 x 594 A3 420 x 297 A5 210 x 148 A7 105 x 74

Temperature

32 40 50 60 70 75 85 95 105 140 175 212 ºF
To convert degrees F to degrees C:
Deduct 32 & Multiply by 5/9

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 60 80 100 To convert degrees C to degrees F:
Multiply by 9/5 & Add 32
ºC

52 - Breathable Insulated Lime Floors

Unilit Insulated Lime Floor Solutions Thermal Improvement & Time Saving Advantages

Breathable lime floors are an effective and economic alternative to cement A lime slab is not required when using compacted TECHNOpor® glass
based and concrete floors, providing good insulation values and excellent foam granulates to create an insulated sub-base that can be topped with
compressive strength. Application of lime screeds with underfloor heating either a pre-blended Unilit screed or a site mix of Fen-XA NHL5 and a
creates greater stability, open pore structure and extremely low coefficient 0-5mm well graded sharp washed sand from 65-100mm thickness. This
of thermal expansion. can be an economic method and can result in time savings.

Unilit mortars remove the risk of thermal movement and thermal shock, Lime Screed with Underfloor Heating
producing a greater storage of heat within the floor when compared to
cementitious screeds. Breathable insulated lime floors offer an alternative The screed is laid in two layers, the first to the thickness of the heating
to cement concrete floors as well as providing good insulation values. pipes – approximately 25-30mm. A stainless steel wire mesh reinforcement
(approximately 5cm spacing) is recommended to absorb the thermal
A lime floor is made up of three layers: stresses in the flooring due to the heating system. This is laid in the second
layer of screed applied over the mesh to a minimum 40mm thickness.
1. Free draining sub-base; Greater thickness can be applied up to 100mm in the two layers.

2. Lime concrete slab; TECHNOpor® Technology

3. Lime screed which can contain underfloor heating. TECHNOpor® is glass foam granulate (glass foam gravel) offering an
ecological alternative for insulation to floors.

TECHNOpor® Perimeter 50 is a lightweight, breathable aggregate made
from recycled glass, is capable of being used as a load bearing hardcore
and has better Lambda value than alternatives. It therefore needs less
depth for the same thermal performance.

TECHNOpor® has a Lambda thermal performance of around 0.08, is very
stable and load bearing with an impressive compressive strength of
approximately 500kN/m².

Sub-bases consisting of TECHNOpor® Perimeter 50 foamed recycled The properties of TECHNOpor® are as follows:
glass reduce the risk of rising damp and offer an excellent thermal
performance. Structural Ability
• The lattice structure creates a high compressive strength @ 500 kN/m²
Unilit utilises a modern-day manufacturing process to create lime mortars
with an early initial set that retains the traditional characteristics of flexibility, Drainage
vapour permeability and a low salts content. The materials are easy to • The uniformed grain size & fines create the highest degree of drainage
use by skilled masons or plasterers.
capacity without causing settlement in the building or slab
Unilit lime screeds can be waterproof, but remain permeable by ensuring
the passage of moisture as a vapour between the floor and the interior. Inert
Rising damp can freely evaporate through the lime screed, preventing the • Meets the highest standard for inert building material
build-up of a hydrostatic pressure within either the floor or the structure. • Leaching tests did not show any adverse effects
The low salt content of the lime binder, as well as its permeability to water
vapour, controls the risk of efflorescence (salts) after the finished screed Fire Resistance
or the tiled flooring has cured. Where stone, paving or tiles are then to be • In compliance with Euro Class A1 sintering point above 700ºC
laid over the screed, the use of a Unilit bedding mortar will ensure the • Due to the inert properties of glass boasted by the air-filled pores,
performance of the screed is maintained and the compatibility of the mortar
with the stone. TECHNOpor® provides excellent fire protection by preventing thermal
conductivity
Lime Floors – Advantages
Odourless
Unilit natural hydraulic lime allows the laying of slabs and floor screeds • Neither humans nor the environment are affected by the processing
without the requirement for expansion or slip joints. The application of
Unilit screeds will also prevent differential movement between the floor or the finished product
screed and the walls of lime built buildings.

In new build construction, damp proof membranes are continuous under
the floor and walls, but in refurbishment of old buildings, a DPM should
be avoided because it can cause concentrations of moisture at wall
junctions with an increased risk of rising damp.

By using lime as the binder in a floor slab or screed, the floor remains
permeable to water vapour and “breathes” to prevent build-up of moisture
and subsequent movement of salt laden moisture from travelling in to the
lower parts of the adjacent walls.

To dry out walls and control rising damp, Unilit 30 stabilising plaster is
effective particularly where the walls are solid and the injection of a damp
proof course is either not feasible or permitted in listed buildings. Lime
floors offer major benefits in traditionally built construction in comparison
to membranes and cement/concrete floors.

Telling Lime Ltd Tel : 01565 756110
Booths Hall Booths Park Sales Tel / Fax : 01565 872999
Chelford Road
Knutsford Email : [email protected]
Cheshire WA16 8GS Website : www.tellinglime.com

Cooling Effects & Chilled Beams - 53

Thermal Comfort Principles

How we experience the thermal indoor climate depends primarily on our overall heat exchange with the surroundings. A person’s thermal comfort is
affected by the following: air temperature, radiant temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, activity and clothing.

Thermal comfort is realised when a person feels in thermal balance i.e. they are neither too hot nor too cold. In addition, there should be no unwanted
heating or cooling of individual exposed body areas (draughts in the neck or on the ankles). We primarily exchange heat to our surroundings via convection
and radiation.

These two methods of transferring heat are approximately equal with normal air movement in a room. Therefore, we are affected just as much by the
room’s surface temperatures as we are by the air temperature.

If the temperature of the room’s surface is decreased, fully or in part, the air temperature can be increased by an amount corresponding to the decrease
in the room surface’s mean temperature. Therefore, when we cool an environment with a radiant cooling device, the desired operative temperature can
be raised slightly as a result of a perceived lower room temperature. This effect is in the region of 1-2ºC.

Frenger Passive Beam Frenger Active Beam
Features Features

40% Radiant Effect / Fresh air introduced via unit
60% Convective
Room air induced through cooling
Passive System batteries

Can be concealed behind micro High capacity – up to 1000 W/m²
perforated ceiling systems cooling capacity

Requires minimal control Can integrate lighting heating,
sprinkler outlet and data cables
75 to 150 W/m² cooling capacity
Architectural casing options

Running Cost / Energy Use – Chilled Beams

There are several aspects of an active chilled beam system that promotes a more energy efficient operation than air based systems such as fan coil units and VAV.

Typically the chilled water is distributed to the chilled beams at 14-17ºC to minimise the risk of condensation, whereas fan coil units operate typically at 6-12ºC.

Elevated chilled water temperatures offer two principal benefits in terms of energy efficiency:

• By operating the chiller plant at elevated temperatures, its co-efficient of performance (COP) is increased & energy consumption reduced. The efficiency
of the compressor can be increased by using a dry cooling system (inlet water 14ºC instead of 7ºC) with a percentage increase in COP of typically 22%.

• Elevated temperatures enable a significant increase in the opportunity to avail free cooling from sources such as outdoor air or ground water heat sinks.
That is an annual increase from 800 hours to 2000 hours for a 12 hour day & 2100 to 5200 hours for 24 hour operation.

Fan coil units and VAV systems rely on a fan assisted cooling distribution; that is each fan coil unit incorporates a fan. Chilled beam systems utilise a
centralised fan that delivers just enough air to meet respiratory requirements (or a little more in the case of some active chilled beam systems) with a
consequent reduction in capital cost, electricity consumption and maintenance cost.

To deliver 100 W/m² cooling:

Approx Air Volume Fan Coil Unit Passive Chilled Beam Active Chilled Beam VAV System (12ºC) Displacement System
Required (l/s/m²) 1.2 (Min Fresh Air) 1.2 (Min Fresh Air) 1.22 (Min Fresh Air) 8 (18ºC Supply Air)

14

Maintenance Costs – Chilled Beams vs. Fan Coil Units

There are no moving parts in chilled beams and therefore maintenance requirements are very low. An active chilled beam will require the cleaning of the
batteries – using a vacuum cleaner and brush attachment – at intervals of 3-4 years, by simply wiping the surfaces with a damp cloth. The chilled beam
itself requires no further maintenance and can be expected to last the life of the building. However, water quality must be appropriate and associated
control valves and flexible hoses will require frequent inspection / replacement.

The maintenance and replacement cost illustrated below is taken from REHVA’s Chilled Beam Application Guidebook issued 2005:

Fan Coil in 300 Rooms, 20 Year Life Cycle: 25 Euros / Filter Twice a Year Cost (€ Euros)
Filter Change 15 Min to Replace @ 20 Euros / Hour 300,000
3 Times / Year @ 15 Mins 60,000
Cleaning of Condensation System 200 Euros / Motor 90,000
Motor Replacement 2 Hours Work @ 20 Euros / Hour 60,000
1000 Euros / Unit 12,000
Fan Coil Replacement 150,000
TOTAL Once Every 5 Years / 15 Mins @ 20 Euros / Hour 672,000
Chilled Beam in 300 Rooms, 20 Year Life Cycle:
Cleaning of Chilled Beams Cost (€ Euros)
TOTAL 6,000
Difference in Maintenance & Replacement Cost 6,000

€ 666,000

FRENGER Systems Limited Tel : +44 (0) 1332 295 678 An FTF Group Company
Riverside Road Fax : +44 (0) 1332 381 054
Pride Park
Derby @Frenger
DE24 8HY Email : [email protected]
Website : www.frenger.co.uk

54 - Wienerberger Terca Technical Data

On-Site Principle of Assessment Useful On-Site Guidance

It is sometimes necessary to assess the acceptability of minor defects, As stated opposite, product Standard BS EN 771-1: requires a
such as cracks, chips, surface blemishes and variation in texture of clay manufacturer to declare a particular size category, based on individual
facing bricks, when delivered to site. brick measurements.

It is suggested in PAS 70 that samples from deliveries of bricks are The use of delicate instruments is not practical however when dealing
compared with a previously constructed reference panel of an appropriate with issues on-site, and in 2003 the British Standards Institution published
size (not less than 1m²) and suitably located on site. a document suitable for on-site appraisal of brick units.

This reference panel should be representative of what can reasonably This Publicly Available Specification 70 (PAS 70), provides both guidance
be expected to be delivered to site and should be large enough to on appearance of facing bricks and practical on-site testing methods for
encompass known and acceptable variations of colour and texture in the size, using a conventional retractable steel rule as a viable alternative to
particular brick type. the long jaw calliper method referred to in the European Standard.

Brick panels should be viewed from a distance of 3 metres, which is PAS 70 has two procedures for measurement, the simpler of which
sufficient to reliably compare the aesthetic characteristics of the bulk (Procedure A), is used to determine the size tolerance of the brick
delivery of facing bricks with the approved reference panel. consignment delivered to site.

Guide to Technical Data 10 individual bricks are selected at
random from the consignment.
Size Tolerance
For determination of tolerance, bricks
BS EN 771-1: requires a manufacturer to declare a particular size category are set out on suitable level ground and
for each product based on individual brick measurements. Different the overall measurement taken for the
categories take into account the wide range of brick types and variation in 10 bricks as illustrated (left).
acceptable appearance related to different manufacturing methods.
This overall dimension is then divided
Size categories are based on formulae (to consider the differently sized by 10 to provide the mean figure; this
products within EU Member States), and for the standard UK work sizes, is rounded to the nearest whole
the following table is applicable: number and the difference between
this figure and the work size is
TABLE 1 TOLERANCE CATEGORIES compared to the Tolerance categories
in Table 3.

Work Size T2 T1 TM

Length 215 ± 4mm ± 6mm Option for TABLE 3 TOLERANCE CATEGORIES
Width 102.5 ± 3mm ± 4mm manufacturers to
Height 65 ± 2mm ± 3mm declare own limits

Work Size T2 T1 TM

Notes: T2 bricks are classified as having the tightest tolerance. To determine the tolerance Length 215 3mm 5mm Option for
applicable, measurements using accurate instrumentation are taken for each of 10 bricks sampled Width 102.5 2mm 3mm manufacturers to
randomly from the consignment against their length, width, and height. The mean figure is Height 65 1mm 2mm declare own limits
calculated by addition of each specific measurement (for height, two measurements in transverse
directions are taken to provide an average), divided by 10. For a product of T2 tolerance, the Notes: The individual figures in PAS 70 are 1mm less than those in the European Standard BS
mean figure for the length should therefore fall between 211mm and 219mm. EN 771-1 for each category (See Table 1) and appear to be more stringent. This allows for the
recording of whole millimetres using a retractable steel rule, but provides sufficient confidence
Range that the categories indicated by the on-site test would be confirmed by the more detailed
measurement procedure set out in the European Standard.
The difference between the smallest and largest units determined by the
above test measurements provides a figure for Range. PAS 70 also provides guidance on measurement of individual bricks
should a dispute arise with regard to variation in individual brick sizes.
Different categories are based on formulae and for UK work sizes.
Procedure B is used to determine the range or difference between the
Table 2 is applicable. smallest and largest bricks within the selected sample of 10 bricks.

TABLE 2 TOLERANCE CATEGORIES Two measurements should be taken for each dimension (as opposite) to
provide a mean figure for each brick. The difference between smallest and
Work Size R2 R1 RM largest units identified is compared with the Range category (see Table 4).

Length 215 4mm 9mm Option for As with tolerance, the individual range figures in PAS 70 are 1mm less
Width 102.5 3mm 6mm manufacturers to than those in BS EN 771-1 in each case, and for classification the product
Height 65 2mm 5mm declare own limits must meet all requirements for the stated category.

Notes: For a product of R1 range, the difference in length between the smallest and largest bricks
tested should not exceed 9mm, and for classification the product must meet all requirements for
the states category. For on-site measurement guidance please refer to the following section.

TABLE 4 TOLERANCE CATEGORIES
Work Size
Length 215 R2 R1 RM
Width 102.5 3mm
Height 65 2mm 8mm Option for
1mm 5mm manufacturers to
4mm declare own limits

For more detailed or specific technical performance please contact our Design Services department at our Head Office: 0161 491 8200

Wienerberger Ltd Tel : 0845 303 2524

Wienerberger House Brooks Drive Fax : 0844 334 4100

Cheadle Royal Business Park @wienerbergeruk

Cheadle Email : [email protected]

Cheshire SK8 3SA Website : www.wienerberger.co.uk

Dry Fix / Ventilation Solutions for Roofing Systems - 55

Profile Ridge Dry Verge Systems

Profile Ridge has been designed to give the Achieve a neat, secure and mortar-less finish.
appearance of a traditional bedded ridge, but Sandtoft Dry Verge Systems are easy-to-use
with all the benefits that a modern dry ridge and provide a neat, secure and mortar-less
system provides, such as secure mechanical finish at roof verges. Each system comprises
fixing and appropriate ventilation. The Profile verge units to suit left and right hand verges
Ridge system incorporates ventilation strips which are available in colours to complement
to support the ridges and provide high level the roof tiles.
ventilation. Ridge unions provide an efficient Eaves closures secure the tail of the first
seal between each ridge and give the verge unit and are designed to close the gap
appearance of a 10mm mortar joint. To to prevent birds and rodents getting into the
complete the system and to enhance roof space. Ridge closure combs close the
aesthetics, profile fillers are supplied for profiled tile types. The fillers click gap and also prevent birds and rodents getting into the roof space.
into the ventilation strips and both are marked to ensure correct orientation.
Available in 3 options for use with: Eaves Ventilation

• Concrete & Duracoat half round ridges 457mm Designed as a complete and comprehensive
solution, Sandtoft over fascia ventilation
• Concrete & Duracoat legged angle ridges 457mm provides continuous free vent areas of
10,000mm² and 25,000mm² and insulation
• Clay half round ridges 305mm retention, irrespective of rafter centres and
soffit width. The over fascia ventilation strip
Performance provides effective resistance to large insects
and driving rain.
Profile Ridge provides 5000mm² per linear metre free vent area per side. The spacer tray provides a clear air path over
the insulation irrespective of soffit width and
Roll Ridge roof pitch. The underlay support tray prevents
sagging of the underlay behind the fascia and eliminates the problem of
Sandtoft Roll Ridge is a fast roll out system long-term deterioration of the underlay at the eaves.
that uses the minimum components. The
system comprises a ventilated 5m ridge roll, Performance – Free Vent Areas
batten straps to secure the ridge timber and
ridge unions with fixings. It is suitable for use • 10mm over fascia ventilator strip provides 10,000mm² per linear metre
with most clay, concrete tiles and slates
(except sandfaced tiles). • 25mm over fascia ventilator strip provides 25,000mm² per linear metre
Available in 3 options for use with:
• Spacer tray provides 25,000mm² per linear metre
• Clay half round ridges 305mm
• Underlay support tray forms the drip edge into the gutter
• Concrete & Duracoat half round ridges
457mm • 10mm & 25mm over fascia ventilator strips, spacer tray & underlay
support tray are supplied in 6 metre packs
• Concrete & Duracoat legged angle ridges 457mm
• Bird comb filler is available separately to suit profiled tiles
Ridge unions are not required.
Suitable for all Sandtoft & Koramic tiles and slates.
Performance
Top Abutment Ventilator
Roll Ridge provides 5000mm² per linear metre free vent area per side.
The Sandtoft top abutment ventilation system
Roll Hip provides a neat and discreet way of
ventilating the roof space at a top abutment.
Sandtoft Roll Hip is an extremely quick roll out The system comprises of 0.9m vent units that
system. Roll Hip comprises a ventilated hip click together, fillers can then be attached to
roll to seal the junction between roof the vent units for profiled tiles. Once the vent
elevations and trays to support the hip ridges. units are fixed in place, a Koraflex or lead
Hip unions are available to suit most Sandtoft flashing can be dressed into place, please
concrete, Duracoat and clay hip profiles and refer to our installation guide for more
provide an efficient seal between each hip information.
ridge, giving the appearance of a 10mm The system is suitable for use with all
mortar joint. Sandtoft & Koramic flat tiles and most profiled tiles. Contact Sandtoft
Not suitable for sandfaced tiles. technical for further information.

Available in 3 options for use with: Performance

• Concrete & Duracoat segmental ridges 457mm The Sandtoft top abutment ventilation system provides 5000 mm² / linear
metre free vent area. Suitable for use with all Sandtoft & Koramic flat tiles
• Concrete & Duracoat legged angle ridges 457mm and most profiled tiles.

• Clay third round ridges 305 mm

Hip unions are not required.

Classic yet timeless

Our clay pavers will last
for well over a century
but they will never be out
of date.
Clay landscaping from
Wienerberger, think again

Wienerberger Ltd Tel : 0844 939 5900

Wienerberger House Brooks Drive Fax : 0844 939 5950

Cheadle Royal Business Park

Cheadle Website : www.wienerberger.co.uk

SK8 3SA Email : [email protected]

56 - Total Roof Access Solutions

Fixed Vertical Ladders Retractable Ladders

Industrial standard fixed vertical ladders available to suit floor to ceiling Designed for easy installation and fitted with heavy duty counterbalancing
heights of between 2.0 and 6.0 metres (special sizes available upon springs to provide safe and controlled operation.
request). Manufactured to meet the requirements of BS 4211:2005. Manufactured to BS EN 14975 (DN 4570) standards, the retractable
There are three types of fixed vertical ladder, available in aluminium or ladders are manufactured from die-cast aluminium alloy, with two options
galvanised steel. available.

Specifications – Aluminium BL-Z Retractable Ladder

• Alloy Class 1 Stiles 87mm x 27mm box section • Materials: Backboards are fabricated from 18mm block wood
• Class 1 22mm diameter heavy duty serrated rung • Load Bearing: 200kg per tread – overall unit 500kg/m²
• Stand off brackets from 50mm x 10mm alloy rectangular bar • Tread Size: BL-Z-1-4 – tread size is 350mm x 140mm
• Fixings in A4 grade stainless steel • BL-Z-4 – tread size 300mm x 140mm (other tread sizes are available)
• All alloy mill finish • Tread Rise: Subject to the floor to ceiling height. The typical tread

Specifications – Mild Steel rise will be between 277-280mm
• Supplied with a 580mm wide mounting backboard
• Stand off brackets from 50mm x 10mm bar
• Stiles: 50mm x 10mm flat bar BL-ZBOX Retractable Ladder
• Rung: 20mm solid round bar with Laminated Wood Trap Door & Lining
• Galvanised finish
• Retractable ladder designed with a timber lining & trap door to enclose
Fixed Vertical Ladder with No Safety Cage the ladder from the underside

Type BL-A and BL-S fixed vertical • The lining & trap door are fabricated from 18mm thick laminated wood
ladders are designed for use with Bilco • Depth of Lining: 500mm from the underside of the hatch to the trap
Roof Access Hatches.
Optional LadderUP® Safety Post door in the closed position
Provides easier, safer ladder access • Tread Size: Available in widths (mm) of 200, 250, 300, 350, 380, 430,
through roof access hatches, floor doors
and manholes. 530 & 580. 200-380mm wide treads are supplied with a depth of
This telescoping post permanently 140mm. 430-580mm wide treads are supplied with a depth of 160mm
mounts to the top two rungs of any fixed • Tread Rise: Subject to the floor-to-ceiling height. The typical tread
ladder, providing a positive hand-hold rise will be between 277-280mm
and enabling the user to enter or exit an
opening in an upright, balanced position. Options – BL-ZBOX

Fixed Vertical Ladder with Safety Cage • Insulated trap door & lining / increased lining depth
• Topside or electronic operation (simple push of a button)
Supplied with a fixed safety cage designed to sit below a roof access • Varnish coating
hatch. Optional LadderUP® Safety Post.

Fixed Vertical Ladder
with Safety Cage & Guardrail

Supplied with a fixed safety cage and guardrail designed for access onto
mezzanine or flat roof areas where an access hatch is not being used.

Specifications – Aluminium Safety Cage

• Safety Cage: Distance to lowest hoop between 2.2m & 3m
• Strap: 50mm x 10mm alloy rectangular bar
• Fixings: Dome head bolts

Vertical Ladder Vertical Ladder Fire Rated Options
with Safety Cage with Safety Cage & Guardrail 30 or 90 Minute Fire Ratings

Bilco products are designed and fabricated to consistently high quality standards to ensure complete customer satisfaction.

Bilco UK Ltd Tel : 01284 701696
Park Farm Business Centre Fax : 01284 702531
Fornham St Genevieve
Bury St Edmunds @bilcouk
Suffolk IP28 6TS Website : www.bilcouk.co.uk

Natural Slate for Roofing - Technical Information - 57

Fixing Random Roofing Slates with Diminishing Courses

Fixing random slates starts with sorting and grading the slates being used; first by overall length and then within each length, by thickness. The number
of slates of each length will determine how many courses of each can be laid using the same overlap and once
known, allows the roof to be marked out.

On Sarking Board:

The easiest method is to mark the head or tail position of each course, either after the previous course has been
laid or using ‘marker’ slates laid at the verges. A line can be marked either directly on the felt underlay to show
the head of the slates in the next course, or alternatively, on the slates of the previous course to show the position
of the tail.

On Trusses:

The spacing between the battens needed for each length of slate has to be calculated.

Note: As the slates get shorter, the gap between the battens decreases. The batten supporting the head of the
first course of shorter slates must be fixed at the spacing for the new length minus the difference in lengths.

Minimum Headlap for Fixing Slates with Nails or Hooks according to BS 5534:2003

Moderate Exposure (˂ 56.5 l/m² per spell)

Rafter Pitch
Slate Size (mm) Length x Width

20º 22.5º 25º 27.5º 30º 35º 40º 45º 80º

600 x 300 115 105 95 85 80 70 60 55

500 x 300 115 105 95 85 80 70 60 55

500 x 250 115 105 95 85 80 70 60 55 50

450 x 300 80 70 60 55 50

450 x 220 80 70 60 55 50

400 x 300 80 70 60 55 50

400 x 250 80 70 60 55 50

400 x 200 80 70 60 55 50

350 x 250 80 70 60 55 50

350 x 200 80 70 60 55 50

320 x 220 80 70 60 55 50

300 x 200 80 70 60 55 50

270 x 180 80 70 60 55 50

250 x 150 70 60 55 50

Severe Exposure (≥ 56.5 l/m² per spell)

Rafter Pitch
Slate Size (mm) Length x Width

20º 22.5º 25º 27.5º 30º 35º 40º 45º 80º

600 x 300 145 130 120 110 100 90 80 70

500 x 300 130 120 110 100 90 80 70

500 x 250 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 65

450 x 300 100 90 80 70 65 Full length slates
Eaves-course batten
450 x 220 100 90 80 70 65
Short slate course
400 x 300 100 90 80 70 65
50 mm
400 x 250 100 90 80 70 65
Eaves ventilation
400 x 200 100 90 80 70 65

350 x 250 100 90 80 70 65

350 x 200 100 90 80 70 65

320 x 220 100 90 80 70 65

300 x 200 100 90 80 70 65

270 x 180 90 80 70 65

250 x 150 70 65

Coverage of Slates with Nail Fixing Method

Slate Size (mm) Length x Width Lap (mm)

600 x 300 50 65 75 80 90 100 110 115 120 130 140 150
500 x 300
500 x 250 12.1 12.5 12.7 12.8 13.1 Number of Slates/m² 14.8
450 x 300 14.8 15.3 15.7 15.9 16.3 19.0
450 x 250 17.8 18.4 18.8 19.0 19.5 13.3 13.6 13.7 13.9 14.2 14.5
450 x 230 16.7 17.3 17.8 18.0 18.5
400 x 300 20.0 20.8 21.3 21.6 22.2 16.7 17.1 17.3 17.5 18.0 18.5
400 x 250 21.7 22.6 23.2 23.5 24.2
400 x 200 19.0 19.9 20.5 20.8 21.5 20.0 20.5 20.8 21.0 21.6 22.2
350 x 300 22.9 23.9 24.6 25.0 25.8
350 x 250 28.6 29.9 30.8 31.3 32.3 19.0 19.6 19.9 20.2 20.8 21.5
350 x 200 22.2 23.4 24.2 24.7 25.6
320 x 220 26.7 28.1 29.1 29.6 30.8 22.9 23.5 23.9 24.2 25.0 25.8
320 x 180 33.3 35.1 36.4 37.0 38.5
300 x 200 33.7 35.7 37.1 37.9 39.5 24.8 25.6 26.0 26.3 27.2 28.1
300 x 150 41.2 43.6 45.4 46.3 48.3
40.0 42.6 44.4 45.5 47.6 22.2 23.0 23.4 23.8
53.3 56.7 59.3 60.6 63.5
26.7 27.6 28.1 28.6

33.3 34.5 35.1 35.7

26.7 27.8

32.0 33.3

40.0 41.7

41.3 43.3

50.5 53.0

50.0

66.7 Note: No allowance has been made for wastage

Spanish Slate Quarries UK Ltd Tel : 020 8961 7725
301 Elveden Road @SSQSlate
London
NW10 7SS Email : [email protected]
Website : www.ssqgroup.com

58 - Complete Roofing & Cladding Solutions

Choosing the Best Roofing System for the Job Cladding a gold folded box in elZinc Rainbow Protect at the Alchemist
IKO Armourplan PVC to Peak District bottling plant
SIG Design & Technology has put together an 8-step guide to identify the IKO’s hot melt roofing at 5 Broadgate, City of London
challenges and ensure that a roof’s design meets your building’s
requirements. Called #PerfectRoof, the eight steps follow the process
from product selection and design expertise through to full guarantees
and planned maintenance. Its know-how is just part of the service that is
provided free to customers.
Between the towers of MediaCityUK and Michael Wilford’s The Lowry in
Manchester, sits a small but perfectly formed gold parcel – a new home
for The Alchemist cocktail bar and restaurant. The choice of metal
cladding suited the precise geometry of the building form, and zinc on all
surfaces hit the brief for visual quality for all angles – including the roof.
Sister company SIG Zinc & Copper provides a broad portfolio of metals
from which an architect can choose by performance, finish and budget.
The waveform roof finish to this Peak District bottling plant in bottle green
(close to RAL 6007) reflects the rolling hillside nearby. The architects
Fletcher-Rae chose locally manufactured IKO Armourplan Premium PVC
on its BREEAM excellent credentials. The 12000m² single ply roof
provides the waterproofing over foil-faced insulation on a metal deck.
This curved roof, even in a bespoke colour, was competitive against panel
roofing systems.
Make Architects chose hot melt waterproofing for 5 Broadgate, the UBS
new City of London headquarters. The system was chosen because it
could be installed quickly, was easier to protect, had a longer lifespan
and was more cost-effective. UK production also gives it efficient carbon
delivery miles. It is produced with zero wrapper waste reducing onsite
waste, making a small contribution towards British Land’s ‘Zero Waste
to Landfill’ commitment and towards BREEAM Excellent for the project.
SIG Design & Technology used their know-how and professional
expertise to secure the government’s Condition Improvement Funding
(CIF) for roof repairs to a 1740m² project at St John’s School, Bishop
Auckland. SIG designed the roof, which was complex in parts, and
consisted of a mix of complementary interfacing products comprising the
SIGnature bituminous roofing system, Armourplan single ply PVC
membrane and Steadman’s composite panels.
SIG Design & Technology has launched a new website specifically for
schools called FixMySchoolRoof.com that provides advice and
information about school roofs and explains how schools can obtain grant
funding for repairs and replacement.

About Us

SIG Design & Technology is part of SIG Roofing, a leading division of
SIG plc, a FTSE 250 listed company and the UK’s market leading
specialist supplier to professionals in the building and construction
industry. We design and supply flat roofing solutions including green
roofing, zinc, copper and stainless steel roofing and cladding and pitched
roof coverings including natural slate and clay tiles.
Our checklist of essential manufacturer support comprises:

• Project-specific technical support

• Bespoke design & specification

• BIM objects

• Wind up-lift calculations

• Cut-To-Falls design

• Drainage calculations

• NBS Clauses J42 waterproofing, Q37 green roofs, H71/92 Zinc

• Registered / trained installer network

• Onsite support

• SIG plc’s own PI guarantees / warranties

Book our new RIBA CPD Seminars:
‘A structured approach to roof specification and design’
‘Liquid waterproofing: choosing the best solution’
‘Roof refurbishment: choosing the best solution’
‘Specifying hard metals: choosing the right product for the project’
Our blog at www.singleply.co.uk/blog explores some of the common
problems in roof design and system choice.

SIGnature bituminous roofing system at St John’s School, Bishop Auckland

SIG Design & Technology Technical Tel : 0844 443 4778
Mannheim House Sales Tel : 01509 505714
Gelders Hall Road @SIGDesignTech
Shepshed
Leicestershire LE12 9NH Email : [email protected]
Website : www.singleply.co.uk

How to Fix Fibre Cement Slates - 59

Installation Condensation is caused when moisture bearing warm air from the occupied
space within the building rises to come in contact with cold surfaces, which
The underlay should be fully supported behind the fascia to prevent sagging will generally be the underside of roof coverings or underlays, on the cold
between the rafter feet. This is generally achieved with a tilting fillet. The side of insulation. This is a particular concern with tight fitting fibre cement
underlay should finish by hanging into the gutter so that any moisture on slates which do not allow significant leakage of warm moist air into the
the underlay will drain into the gutter. Eaves should not be sprocketed as atmosphere. A spacer is used in the eaves so that the insulation can be
this will affect fitting of the disc rivet at the tail of the eaves course. installed over and beyond the wall plate without blocking the air path from
eaves to ridge.
Three courses of slates are required at eaves. The first under eaves course
is cut and drilled so that it can be head nailed to the first batten. This first Where there is any doubt, ridge ventilation should be incorporated in the
course acts as a base to support the tail rivet for the first full slate course. roof design. Continuous ridge ventilation will be the most effective solution.

(1) The first under eaves course is cut to the length of the batten gauge. Figure 1 Figure 2
Eaves overhang should be 50-55mm for 100mm gutters or to the centre
line of the gutter if larger diameter gutters are used. Locate the centre point 1. Fibre cement slates - eaves - cold roof construction
of the eaves and centre the first under eaves slate here. The first full slate 2. Fibre cement slates - ridges
will be laid over the top of this under eaves slate, this will mean that the
slates on both verges will be cut to the same width. Work towards both Easy to fix fibre cement slates are cut and drilled with hand tools.
verges with remaining under eaves slates. No on-site power is required for installation or dust suppression.

The second under eaves course is cut from the same slate as the first
under eaves course and its length will be the batten gauge plus the slate
headlap. This second under eaves slate provides the double lap for the
next but one full course of slates. It is installed to cover half the width of
the first under eaves slate, allowing the shank of the tail rivet (which rests
on the first under eaves slate) for the first full course of slates to pass
between adjacent second under eaves slates. The second under eaves
slate also oversails the fascia 50-55mm.

(2) The first full course of slates is nailed to the second batten (this batten
also supports the head of the second under eaves slate) and is arranged
so that the tail rivet passing between the two second under eaves slates
protrudes through the hole in the tail of the full slate. The first full course
of slates also oversails the gutter 50-55mm. The tails of all three courses
of slate align and overhang the gutter.

(3) To provide the correct bond, the verge slate on alternate courses should
be a slate and a half width cut from a double slate. These verge slates
require pre-drilled holes for three nail and two rivet fixings, in addition to
an extra hole (C) to allow the tail rivet for the course above to pass through
the slate and a half.

2.
1.

Hole for next First under
course’s rivet eaves slate

3.

Second under
eaves slate

Hole for next Three
course’s rivet nail holes

(C)
Two rivet holes

Westerland Slate Roof

Fibre Cement Slates - Conventional Fixing Method

The next single verge slate will also require an additional hole for the tail
rivet of the subsequent slate and a half.

Tail rivets should always pass between two adjacent slates and through a
hole in the tail of the slate they are holding. The protruding shank of the
rivet is then bent down the slope.

Eaves-to-eaves ventilation can be provided either by soffit or over fascia
ventilation. It works on external pressure differentials on different sides of
the roof moving warm air out of the cold space. Whilst designing the eaves
detail it is important to consider roof ventilation.

Cembrit Ltd Tel : 0203 372 2300
Studio 39 @CembritUK
Thames Innovation Centre @CembritUK
2 Veridion Way Erith
Kent DA18 4AL Email : [email protected]
Website : www.cembrit.co.uk

60 - Structural Performance of Lintels

Catnic’s technical excellence is internationally recognised

Features of a Catnic Lintel Safe Working Loads as defined by BS 5977: Part 2:1983 for cavity wall
lintels refer to uniform distributed loads applied in the inner to the outer
Catnic lintels offer many benefits to specifiers and builders through a leaf ratios:
combination of their design, thermal efficiency and corrosion protection.
These major features ensure Catnic lintels are widely used and respected • 1:1 for lintels supporting masonry only
throughout the industry.
• 3:1 for lintels normally carrying timber floors
Open Back Lintels
• 5:1 for lintels normally carrying concrete floor
Built-in DPC Profile
The CH and CX lintel range refers to uniformly distributed loads in the
ratio of 19:1 when non-standard or unusual loading conditions occur. The
lintel should not exceed a maximum vertical deflection of 0.003 multiplied
by the effective span (the distance between the centres of bearings) when
subjected to the safe working load (SWL).

Steel Fire Testing

Galvanised Steel Catnic lintels have been independently tested in accordance with the
relevant parts of BS 476, Methods of Determination of Fire Resistance
Duplex Coating of Load Bearing Elements of Construction.
Continuous
Insulation Catnic’s CXL and Special lintels are manufactured from structural grade
Plaster Key steel plate of grade S275 to BS EN 10025-2:2004 and hot-dip galvanised
after manufacture to BS EN ISO 1461:1999.

Duplex Corrosion Protection Thermal Performance & Insulation

Manufactured from hot-dipped galvanised steel to BS EN 10346:2009 of All Catnic cavity wall lintels contribute to the thermal integrity of the
grade DX51D and Z275 with the added protection of a black coloured building as they are supplied with an insulated core. The core of the
polyester resin finish. ‘Cougar Open Back’ style lintels is fully filled with CFC and HCFC free
insulation to prevent cold voids.
The protection system complies fully with the chemical and physical test
requirements outlined in Table 2 of BS 5977: PART 2:1983 and Table C.1 Also, because Catnic cavity wall lintels are shaped to form built-in damp
of BS EN 845-2:2003 for lintels effectively having their own built-in Damp proof course, partial fill cavity wall insulation can extend down to the top
Proof Course (DPC). of the lintel. This means that the cold void normally associated with
separate damp proof courses is avoided, without the need to install
The famous black coating makes Catnic lintels instantly recognisable and specially shaped insulation batts behind the DPC.
provides an effective barrier against moisture or chemical attack leached
from the mortar and masonry. To achieve the thermal benefits of a Cougar Open Back or Classic
combined box lintels in accordance with the ‘robust details’ as referred
Built-in Damp Proof Course in the approved documents: Part L1 and Part L2, the window frame should
be positioned so that the back face of the frame overlaps the inner face
Many Catnic lintels offer a unique profile shape that combine with the of the outer leaf of the cavity wall by a minimum of 30mm.
unique Duplex corrosion protection or stainless steel to create an effective
barrier that acts as a built-in DPC. This means that any water penetrating The standard range of cavity wall lintels incorporating perforated base
the cavity automatically transfers across the sloping face of the lintel and plates have been designed to minimise any potential cold bridge path
is disposed of externally. without compromising its structural integrity.

The ease of brick laying directly onto a solid surface eliminates the risk The unique slotted base plate design on the underside of the lintels
of damage while installing, or any possibility of incorrectly installing a provides an effective conductivity not exceeding 30W/mk, which satisfies
separate DPC membrane. the requirements of the approved document to support Part L1 and L2
2002 edition.
Integral Plaster Key
Quality Assurance
Many Catnic lintels come complete with an integral plaster key that avoids
the hazards of working with a mesh key. In addition, the unique design Catnic lintels comply with the technical requirements of:
of the perforated base plates on CH/CX lintels minimise cold bridging
without affecting the structural performance. • National House-Building Council (NHBC)

Continuous Insulation • Housing Association Property Mutual (HAPM) with appropriate
adjustment factors
Many Catnic lintels are supplied with CFC and HCFC free insulation,
maximising their thermal performance along the full length of the lintel • Zurich Municipal
and cannot be dislodged, leaving no potential ‘cold spots’.
• British & European Standards
Structural Performance
Catnic lintels are designed to satisfy BS EN 845-2:2003 and are
Catnic’s structural data has been achieved in accordance with the manufactured from pre-galvanised steel in accordance with BS EN
requirements of BS 5977: Part 2:1983 and BS EN 845-2:2003. 10346:2009 with or without applied polyester coated finish.

Many Catnic lintels are covered by BSI Kitemark licence or British Board
of Agrément.

Catnic BS 5977 Tel : 029 2033 7900
Pontypandy Estate LICENCE NO. KM07234 Fax : 029 2086 7796
Caerphilly
CF83 3GL @CatnicUK
Website : www.catnic.com

Catnic Building Products - 61

Catnic Plasterers’ Beads Catnic Expanded Metal Lath & Metal Mesh

Product Application Product Use Material Product Application Product Use Material
Group Group
Galvanised Steel
Bell cast render finish Render Moderate or Diamond Lath Internal Galvanised Steel
Stop Bead sheltered Stainless Steel External Stainless Steel
conditions Galvanised Steel Plaster/render key - joint
Stainless Steel and crack reinforcement
External Galvanised Steel
Stainless Steel
Two and three coat Standard Internal Galvanised Steel Metal Lath Coil Lath Internal Galvanised Steel
plaster/render Angle Bead External Stainless Steel

Two coat plaster/render Plaster Internal Internal Galvanised Steel
Stop Bead External External Stainless Steel

Internal Ceiling/wall/stud partition Rib Lath
Adjoining surface finishes Movement Bead plaster backing

External

High edge protection PVCu Nose Internal Galvanised Steel
Punched Wing External Stainless Steel
Steel Anti-cracking
Supasave reinforcement
Plasterers' Two coat plaster/render Angle Bead Coil Mesh Coil Mesh
Beads

Decorative effect Architrave Bead

Minimum plaster depths Depth Material (Lath)
Gauge Bead
Internal Galvanised Steel Galvanised steel to BS EN 10346:2009 for internal use.
Dry Wall Stainless steel to BS EN 10088-2:2005 for external use and conditions
Angle Bead of heavy condensation or persistent damp.

Dry wall and thin coat Micro Specification (Lath)
plaster Angle Bead
Complies with BS EN 13658-1:2005 for internal plastering and with
Dry Wall BS EN 13658-2:2005 for external rendering.
Stop Bead
Material (Mesh)
Plasterboard
Edging Bead Galvanised steel to BS EN 10346:2009 for internal use.
High quality stainless steel to BS EN 10088-2:2005 for external use.
Angle Bead

Two and three coat Twin Nose
plaster/render Angle Bead

Thin Coat Catnic Wall Ties
Angle Bead

Forming arches Thin Coat Product Application Product Use Material
Arch Bead Group WT4/200
WT4/225
PVCu Plaster
Stop Bead
Plasterers' Internal/External PVCu
Plaster
Beads Two coat plaster/render Stop Bead - 2 storeys up to 10m
Wide Wing

Bell cast external Bell Cast Bead WT2/200
render finishes WT2/225
BB2
Straight edge external Drip Bead 3 storeys up to 15m
render finishes Wall Ties

Adjoining surface finishes Movement Bead External Stainless Steel

Corrosion Protection 5 storeys up to 15m BB3
BT2-4
In normal circumstances, matured plaster work may be regarded as dry Timber frame IRC85
and therefore non-corrosive. Risks of corrosion in galvanised beads only 4 storeys up to 12m
normally become apparent during the initial plaster drying out period,
which should be kept to a minimum, and subsequently during periods of Insulation retainer
heavy condensation.
Material
The use of sand or water contaminated with soluble salts in plastering
mixes should be avoided, as should soluble chlorides as they are likely Manufactured from austenitic stainless steel wire and strip for proven
to increase the risk of metal corrosion. The presence of sea salts in sand corrosion resistance.
used in plastering which is in contact with galvanised beads will often
cause rust staining and should therefore be avoided. Catnic Wall Starter Kits

In external applications and in conditions where heavy condensation, Stronghold wall starter kits provide a versatile yet effective system for
persistent damp or regular exposure to moisture are likely, stainless steel, tying new masonry walls to existing walls.
PVCu or PVCu nosed beads should be specified. The system is able to accommodate vertical movement without a
significant loss of strength.
In general, care should be taken to ensure that metal beads are kept dry
and distortion is prevented during storage and handling. Care should also • Adjustable ties for flexibility in coursing
be taken to prevent mechanical damage to the galvanised coating.
Stainless steel beads are for use specifically with cement based renders. • Available in Stainless Steel, Galvanised Steel & Plastisol Coated
Contact our Technical Services Department if considering the use of Galvanised Steel
stainless steel beads with gypsum plaster, as stainless steel should not
be used in conjunction with this product. • Universal application up to 250mm wall thickness

Material • All necessary fixings available

Galvanised steel to BS EN 10346:2009. Product Application Product Use Material
Group
Stainless steel to BS EN 10088-2:2005 for external applications.
Wall Tying new masonry to SWC External Stainless Steel
Specification Starter existing walls GWC Internal Galvanised Steel
Kits
All metal beads comply with the British Standards.

Beads for internal plastering to BS EN 13658-1:2005 and for external
rendering to BS EN 13658-2:2005.

Catnic BS 5977 Tel : 029 2033 7900
Pontypandy Estate LICENCE NO. KM07234 Fax : 029 2086 7796
Caerphilly
CF83 3GL @CatnicUK
Website : www.catnic.com

62 - VEKA Fenestration Solutions - Technical Details & Service

VEKA is responsible for some of the best-known brands in the VEKA Screen Walling
fenestration industry, comprising of an unrivalled selection of Kitemarked
products for both commercial and domestic applications. Capable of accepting a wide variety of frame types.
Cross suite compatibility options offer complete project solutions.
Innovative designs adhere to the latest building regulations. Fully Sculptured
VEKA offers a range of technical support services, including knowledge-
based advice and assistance, in design, specification, calculation and Sculptured edge suite offering Casements, Tilt & Turn, Residential and
drawings. French Doors. U-Values as low as 0.8.
Visit www.veka.co.uk for access to the technical library or speak to one
of the team members on 01282 716611. Imagine Bi-Fold

Matrix 70 Extensive range of opening solutions, large overall sizes achievable,
complete suite capable of achieving Secure by Design accreditation with
Chamfered edge suite offering Casements, Tilt & Turn, Residential and additional security and weather benefits.
French Doors. U-Values as low as 0.8.
Imagine Patio
Infinity
Inline slider compatible with 70mm systems capable of achieving Secure
All the benefits of Matrix 70 using up to 80% recycled materials. by Design accreditation.

Fully Reversible System10 & Rustique

Reversible opening windows, compatible with Matrix 70, large overall 70mm chamfered or sculpted profiles offering Casements, Tilt & Turn,
sizes achievable, severe weather ratings. Residential and French Doors. U-Values as low as 0.8.

Imagine Vertical Slider FlushSash

Tilt function as well as sliding, features traditional looks required in Flush fitting Casement windows using the System10 and Rustique
conservation areas. system ideal for conservation projects.

SmartSash

Innovative designed profiles compatible with System10 and Rustique
achieving U-Values as low as 0.38.

TwinSash

Industry first and only ‘A’ rated for sound attenuation, range of profiles
compatible with System10 and Rustique.

Fully Reversible

Reversible opening windows, capable of achieving ‘A’ rating.

Ancillaries

Large selection of coupling, trim and finishings.

Integrated Supply

VEKA has developed a network of window and door fabricators throughout the UK who are all experienced in the commercial and public sectors.
This network means the company has the resources and capabilities to supply the largest window refurbishment projects, combining production from
various partners in a well-managed delivery programme.
This gives the best of both worlds: local service supported by nationwide resources.

Benefits of Using VEKA • NBS Plus • BIM Objects
• 30 years UK Production • Extensive Product Range
• Full Design, Specification & • Accreditations • External Commercial Sales Support Team
Consultation Service • Bespoke Product Design • Scalable Volume
• Extensive Fabricator Network • Trusted Installers
• In-House CAD Service • Site Audits & Visits
• In-House Testing
• In-House Recycling
• CPD Seminars

VEKA is approved by the British Fenestration Ratings Council to conduct thermal simulations by computer

VEKA Tel : 01282 716611
Farrington Road Fax : 01282 725257
Rossendale Industrial Estate
Burnley @VEKA_plc
Lancashire BB11 5DA Email : [email protected]

Website : www.veka.co.uk

Secondary Glazing Range & Specifications - 63

Function Series Description Type Recommended Maximum Glazing Range

2 pane Dimension (mm) 4mm to 6.8mm
3 pane
4 pane Height Width 4mm to 8.8mm
2 pane 6mm to 12.8mm
Horizontal Slider 3 pane 2200 2800 9.5mm to 12.04mm
2 pane 2200 4200 4mm to 6.8mm
10 Slimline 3 pane 2200 4900 4mm to 8.8mm
2 pane 2400 3000 6mm to 12.8mm
15 Mid-range 3 pane 2400 4500 9.5mm to 12.04mm
2800 3600 4mm to 6.8mm
80 Heavy Duty Single 2800 5400 4mm to 6.8mm
Double 2600 3000
85 Security Stable Door 2600 4500 6mm to 28mm*
Slimline Single
Vertical Slider 20 Mid-range Double 3000 1400 6mm to 24mm*
Hinged Casement 25 Heavy Duty Stable Door 3000 1600 4mm
90 High Security Single 3600 2000 4mm to 6.8mm
95 Tilt-In Double 3000 2600 4mm to 6.8mm
60 Single 3000 1500 6mm to 28mm*
Slimline Lift Out 2200 1300 4mm to 6.8mm
45 Shuffle-Out 2200 2600
2200 1100
4 Heavy Duty 2700 1500
2700 3000
50 Security 2700 1350
47 Heritage 3600 1800
30 Slimline 3600 3000
Slimline 2000 1000
Heavy Duty
Lift Out Slimline 1400 1000
Heavy Duty/Security
Half Hour Fire 1700 600
Heavy Duty/Security
45 2200 1000
41
46 2400 1200

Fixed 2200 1400

42 3000 2000 6mm to 12.04mm

40 2805 1477 10mm Pyrodur™
43
Demountable Fixed 3000 2000

6mm to 12.04mm

55 Security 3600 1800 9.5mm to 22mm

*Single glass and sealed units
Framing
The framing sections are made to exclusive Selectaglaze designs using an aluminium alloy which allows slender complex shapes to be formed as and when required.
Finishes
Polyester powder paint: HIPCA white semi-gloss (standard); other RAL colours in flat, metallic or textured finishes to order including wood grain effect.
Anodised : Natural silver, bronze and a limited range of other colours.
Glazing
Glazing complies with BS 6262:2005, the Code of Practice for glazing in buildings and meets the requirements of Building Regulations Parts N1 and N2.
Specifications include toughened, laminated, low emissivity, sealed units, anti-bandit and privacy.
Seals
Sliding units - twin silicone treated polypropylene brush seals.
Hinged casements - high performance Q-Lon compression seals.
Glazing gaskets
PVC nitrile gaskets.
Hardware
A wide range of locks, catches and handles is available.

Selectaglaze Ltd Tel : 01727 837271
Alban Park Fax : 01727 844053
Hatfield Road
St Albans @selectaglaze
AL4 0JJ Email : [email protected]

Website : www.selectaglaze.co.uk

64 - Rainwater Systems Specification & Installation

Rainwater Systems The following information is given to help specifiers determine the basic
requirements of a gutter system. Swish Technical Services can provide
Swish rainwater systems are designed for application in most domestic further guidance as required on Tel: 01827 317238.
properties throughout the UK. In addition, Swish manufactures soil and
underground systems.

Half Round Gutter Deep Flow Gutter Gutter Flow Rate Maximum Down Pipe Gutter Profile
A traditional half round gutter suitable A high capacity round system for larger Round 0.9 l/s Area Drained
for application on terrace houses, houses and accommodation blocks. Square 1.6 l/s 68 112
semi-detached houses and smaller The higher flow rate is especially Ogee 2.2 l/s 43 m² 65 50
office and commercial buildings. suitable for draining larger roof areas. Deep Flow 1.8 l/s 68
76 m² 65 117
57
105 m²
120
86 m² 80 70

114
70

170

Super Deep 4.3 l/s 450 m² 110 110
170

Square Gutter Ogee Gutter Rainwater Run-off
Classic square system equally suitable for A modern, high capacity system ideal for
modern or older housing and often used on larger roofs and where run off is rapid. May The rainwater run-off from a roof during a storm event can be calculated
conservatories. The higher flow rate has the be hung on traditional brackets or secretly by multiplying the rainwater intensity by the effective roof area.
capacity to drain larger roofs. fixed with top hung brackets when clean Rainfall Intensity - BS EN 12056 suggests likely rainfall intensities for
lines are important. A choice of corner angles different areas of the UK, which may be experienced as unusual events
that are positively fixed for added security. of 2 minutes duration, once every year. It is sensible to design a system
for a minimum intensity of 75mm/hour per m² or a flow rate of 0.021 litres
Cast Effect per second.
Long lasting, lightweight PVC systems, designed with Effective Roof Area - The area of roof (m²) that drains into any one gutter
the look of traditional cast iron while retaining the ease can be calculated in two ways (see diagram):
of installation and the paint-free maintenance of a
modern rainwater system. Available in Half Round, • (H/2) + W x L
Deep and Ogee styles. Specially moulded components
add an authentic look to the range. • L x W x Pitch Factor

A selection of pitch factors is shown below. For other
pitch factors, please contact Swish Technical Services.

Standard SuperDeep Roof Pitch Pitch Factor
Deepflow 170 10º 1.088
20º 1.182
30º 1.288
40º 1.419

SuperDeep 170 Flow Capacity
SuperDeep 170 has a high material content that ensures it can easily contain the
weight of water that could potentially flow into its huge gutter profile. Each fascia bracket Capacities shown above for Swish gutter systems have been
is capable of supporting over 125kg and the union can take over half as much again. independently assessed on a flow rig in accordance with BS EN
12056:2000. They are based on a ‘short’ run of gutter (i.e. 50 x height of
Soil & Underground Systems Inspection Chambers water the gutter is capable of containing), the gutter being set straight
A comprehensive range of 110mm Inspection chambers available in 320mm and and level (i.e. a fall of up to 3mm/m) with a storm event running at 75mm
components compatible with most 450mm base sizes with round or square lids. per hour per m² or 0.021 litres per second. Each capacity has been
other UK systems. Underground is reduced by a ‘safety factor’ of 10%.
also available in 160mm sizes.
System Layout

The roof area to be drained should be compared with the maximum area
that a gutter type is able to drain. If the figure is too low the designer may:

• Select a system with a higher capacity

• Increase the fall on the gutter: with a long gutter, this has its
limitations, as water coming off the tiles is more likely to overshoot
the gutter at the lower end; with a shallow fascia this may not even
be an option. In addition, the greater volume of water in a long gutter
will tend to reduce the speed of flow

• Move the outlet point to a central position to significantly increase the
gutter drainage capacity

• Reduce the flow rate by 15% if the run has a corner in it

• Require a dedicated outlet at the corner for larger valleys
Where the roof discharges water rapidly or where low friction roof
coverings are employed, a wider gutter may be required to avoid
overshooting the gutter.

Swish Building Products Tel : 01827 317200
Pioneer House Fax : 01827 317201
Lichfield Road Industrial Estate
Tamworth @swishbp
Staffordshire B79 7TF Email : [email protected]
Website : www.swishbp.co.uk

Roofline Systems & Ventilation - 65

Roofline Systems

The Swish roofline range features all the necessary components for eaves and gable assemblies, including fascias, bargeboards and eaves soffits as
well as over fascia ventilation and protection. Matching PVC mouldings cater for all joints, corners and abutments.

A full range of guttering is also available (please see our Rainwater Systems product page).

Fascias

All fascia profiles are available in a wide range of sizes and feature a groove for the engagement of soffit boards by simple push-fit. They can also be
used in ‘open eaves’ situations where there is no soffit.

35 30 35 35 35 30 16

150
150
150
150
150

150
150

Square Jumbo Bullnose Jumbo Ogee Jumbo Square Ogee Bullnose Flat
(20mm thick) (25mm thick) (20mm thick) (16mm thick) (16mm thick) (16mm thick) (16mm thick)

Fixing Methods Eaves course slates
supported on Jumbo
Jumbo and 16mm boards do not require a supporting backboard.
They provide support at the eaves for the roof covering at all roof Tilt fillet is optional
pitches.
2 x 65mm Trimtop
Boards must be fixed to rafter ends at a maximum of 600mm centres nails or capped
using 2 x 65mm Trimtop nails. screws at max
600mm c/c
Fix gutter brackets directly to Jumbo and 16mm boards using A4
stainless steel screws which should penetrate the inner face of the Polo soffit board 40mm Trimtop nails
board. or capped screws
at max 600mm c/c
Coloured Roofline Profiles
C504 C505
16mm square fascia boards are available in Mahogany, Light Oak,
Irish Oak, Rosewood, Black and Anthracite Grey woodgrain effect C305 (single) C311 (double)
finishes. Anthracite and Grey profiles with a self colour skin are also
available. TeeGee Polo for wide soffits C310 (125mm cover width)

A range of matching ventilated soffits, flat board soffits, corners, trims C502 C405
and fixings are also available. 200mm C404

Fixing centres for coloured profiles must not exceed 400mm.

Ventilation

Swish roofline systems allow ventilation of the roof void in accordance
with Building Regulations for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern
Ireland.

Swish ventilators meet the recommendations of BS 5250:2011,
Clause H.

Through Soffit Ventilation

Ventilated soffit boards (Polo) are available in widths from 150mm to
605mm and feature a single or double row of slots for a 10mm or
25mm continuous air path respectively. A range of PVC strip
ventilators in 10mm and 25mm air gap configuration can be used in
conjunction with Swish Gee Pee™ or other soffit boards.

Over Fascia Ventilator

Over Fascia Ventilator C504 allows a continuous 10mm air path to
be incorporated into new build applications in order to retain a clean
appearance to the soffit line. Over Fascia Ventilator C505 allows a
continuous 25mm air path.

Over Fascia Protection

Manufactured in 2.5m lengths from 100% recycled PVC, Jumbotec
(C502) is designed for eaves protection. In refurbishment
applications, it supports the felt behind the fascia and eliminates
problems arising from deterioration of traditional roofing felts. A
Vented Eaves Protector (C404) is available where both eaves
protection and ventilation are required in one unit. A separate Bird
Comb Attachment (C405) may also be incorporated into the assembly
to stop small birds and larger insects entering under the eaves tiles.

Swish Building Products Tel : 01827 317200
Pioneer House Fax : 01827 317201
Lichfield Road Industrial Estate
Tamworth @swishbp
Staffordshire B79 7TF Email : [email protected]
Website : www.swishbp.co.uk

66 - Cladding Systems

Cladding Systems

The Swish range of cladding profiles is CE marked and offers the specifier a choice of 4 styles with a comprehensive range of components, trims and
fixings. These profiles are an ideal substitute for timber claddings on buildings less than 18m tall with the added advantage of attractive, low maintenance
qualities, weather resistance and durability.
In addition, they can significantly improve the thermal performance of buildings, particularly when combined with insulation.

Shiplap Open V Feather Edge TeeGee
(100mm/150mm (100mm/150mm) (125mm) (125mm)

Twin 300mm)

Coverage & Coverage Widths Colour Range

Cladding Cover Width (mm) Standard (5m) per m² Components are supplied as standard in 5m lengths and white.
2 However, selected cladding profiles are also available in Sahara Beige,
C001 & C269 100 1.6 Mahogany, Rosewood and Light Oak.
1.4
C055 & C208 125 0.7 Technical Specifications / Performance Testing

C002 & C003 150 Fire Retardant
Swish Cellular PVC conforms to the following requirements:
C005 300
• BS EN 13501-1:2007+A1:2009-D-s3,dO/AVM
Summary of Dimensions & Design Criteria
• BS 2782: Part 1: Method 140E:1982 (1988) Alcohol cup test & very
White Battens: Minimum 19 x 38mm. Recommended 25 low flammability
Cladding x 38mm (suits return flange on C027
Airspace: Starter Trim & C040 Universal Channel). • ASTM D2862-77: Critical oxygen index test 48%
Batten & fixing centres:
Battens: Minimum 19mm. Recommended 25mm • DIN 4102: Part 1 (Class B)
with ventilation. Colour Fastness
Colour fastness assessed in accordance with BS 1006 shows that white
600mm maximum up to 2 storeys. 400mm Swish Cellular PVC achieves a rating of 7-8 (8 being the test maximum),
maximum from 2 to 5 storeys. and therefore no significant fading or change in whiteness can be
expected for a minimum of 20 years.
Minimum 50 x 38mm. Swish has also tested its own and its competitors’ products using the
latest ACT and suntest protocols.
Coloured Airspace: Minimum 25mm with ventilation (by Both real-time and laboratory tests demonstrate the superior performance
Cladding means of C061 or C065 angle ventilators of the Swish formulation versus lead-based systems.
at the base and top of the installation). Organic pigments used in the manufacture of coloured products are
chosen for their colour fast properties.
Batten & fixing centres: 400mm maximum. However, as with all pigments, some natural shading will occur over a
Fixings: number of years.
C203 25mm A4 stainless steel for 19mm
Breather membrane: battens. Climate
Generally
Install over timber frame or in exposed If intended for use in climates other than those common to Northern
Insulation incorporated: locations. Europe, please consult Swish Building Products for advice.
Swish Cellular PVC profiles and components for external use will normally
Sealing: Counter batten and include breather perform satisfactorily in ambient air temperatures up to 50ºC.
membrane. 25mm ventilated air space Swish Building Products has a dedicated technical support team which
must be provided. offers assistance at all stages of design and construction.

Use Low Modulus Silicone C077.

Swish Building Products Tel : 01827 317200
Pioneer House Fax : 01827 317201
Lichfield Road Industrial Estate
Tamworth @swishbp
Staffordshire B79 7TF Email : [email protected]
Website : www.swishbp.co.uk

Decking & Flooring Systems - 67

Materials Deck / Floor Construction

ecodek® solid composite decking is a mixture of hardwood fibres Substructure of treated softwood, composite or steel. For joist centres see
(approximately 55%) and high density polyethylene with additives to Table 1 below. Where boards are to be laid at an angle other than 90° to
improve physical, weathering and processing properties. the joist, reduce the joist centres accordingly. Allow minimum 5mm
The polyethylene material is sourced from recycled bottles. between boards and at board ends (10mm for hot, humid, damp or poorly
The responsibly and sustainably sourced hardwood fibres are filtered and ventilated areas).
dried before being compounded with the polyethylene. Screw holes must be countersunk with a SMART-BIT® or 3.5mm combi
drill bit. Use ecodek® stainless steel composite deck screws. Fit each
Specification board over at least 3 joists with 2 screws at every joist point. Deck ends
must be screwed down 20mm to 40mm in from the cut end. Allow adequate
Basic specification guidance is given here, but greater detail is provided ventilation under the deck, allowing larger gaps and air vents where the
at www.ecodek.co.uk. deck is to be sunken or enclosed.
All profiles can be supplied cut to length in order to minimise waste and
any surplus product will be bought back by ecodek® and recycled into Do not lay the boards directly onto a surface that is not self-draining.
future production.
Sunken or Enclosed Deck Screw & Gapping Detail
Applications
Evaporation minimum gap minimum
ecodek® AT and HD profiles are well suited for use as decking, balcony = 5mm distance = 18mm
floors, pool side areas, marinas and similar applications where a non-load
bearing support or structure is required. Air Flow pre-drill and countersink
Profiles are also available for fencing, railings, cladding, and post and rail
projects. Mitre Detail Suggestion screw second groove in

Range Cut edge to suit e.g. flat / round / point Recommended ‘Butting Up’ Method

miminum gap = 5mm
straight cut butt joint

3.00

Products Description Dimensions

2” x 2” (50mm x 50mm)
support batten

Heritage Board 21mm x 136mm 2” x 6” (150mm x 50mm) joist

AT Board 21mm x 136mm Load Span Tables

Table 1 shows point loads against spans to aid selection of the applicable
product and bearer spacing for the project.

Table 1 ecodek® AT & Heritage ecodek® HD

SPAN (mm) 300 350 405 455 405 455 500 600

HD Board 25mm x 136mm Max point load (kN) 3.5 2.8 2.4 2 4.5 3.6 3 2.4

Fascia Board 19mm x 136mm Table 2 demonstrates the point loads that flooring media should be able
to support (excerpt from BS EN 1991-1-1:2002 Actions on Structures –
Imposed Loads for Buildings). These are mid-span live loads. Dead loads
should be spread over the support beams to ensure long term board
deflection is prevented.

Superstiff Support 38mm x 88mm Table 2 Point Load kN
Beam (mid-span)
Balconies 2.0
Low Profile Support 40mm x 48mm Walkways – light duty 2.0
Beam General residential 2.0
Offices for general use 2.7
Deck Screw 63mm & 53mm Public dining rooms 3.0
Classrooms 3.0
Balcony Screw 38mm Assembly areas with fixed seating 3.6
Walkways – general duty 3.6
Assembly areas no seating, concert halls, bars 3.6
Shopping areas – general duty 3.6
Stairs & landings subject to crowds 4.0
Corridors subject to crowds/wheeled vehicles 4.5
Walkways heavy duty 4.5
Stages in public assembly areas 4.5

Smartbit® 3.15mm dia x In addition, the substructure should be designed to comply with the
30mm drill depth uniformly distributed load (UDL) values (commonly expressed in kN/m²),
which are also expressed in BS EN 1991.

Ecodek Tel : 01978 667 840
Unit 13 Abenbury Way Fax : 01978 667 857
Wrexham Industrial Estate
Wrexham @ecodek
LL13 9UZ Email : [email protected]

Website : www.ecodek.co.uk

68 - Custom-Made Slotted Channel - Hidden for Threshold Drainage

Stainless Steel – Grade 304 (min.) 2mm Thickness

To help protect a building threshold from ingress/ponding of rainwater landing on an external door, the specially formed channel is installed, generally,
10mm away from the door cill, this gap being the path for rainwater to flow into the hidden channel below. The channel also has facility to receive run-off
from a sub-cill and/or from the damp proof course/membrane that must be dressed into the channel (CE compliant).

Spec. Code: TDN Spec. Code: TDR with 50mm show face

‘D’ 130 ‘D’ 130
Generally 50 76 sq. Generally 50 76 sq.

10 ‘A’ 10
25 to 75
‘C’ ‘A’
0 to 20 Optional horizontal 2” 25 to 75
BSP female outlet
‘B’ Optional horizontal 2”
75 to 110 BSP female outlet

‘B’
75 to 110

115 115

2” BSP female outlet with 2” BSP female outlet with
T1702 adaptor to 50mm T1702 adaptor to 50mm

plastic pipe plastic pipe

Options Typical Installation

Grade 316 stainless steel – add suffix ‘M’ to the channel Spec. Code. Sub-cill and/or
Outlet – 2” BSP with T1702 ABS adaptor to 50mm plastic pipe supplied membrane dressed
as standard. Larger outlets may be specified. into channel
Recessed access cover – 76mm square c/w lifting bosses over outlet.
To specify – quote Spec. Code: TDN or TDR.
To obtain a quotation, please provide the following:
Spec. Code: TDN or TDR
Overall length – in mm, and layout of channel.
Outlet – quantity on each run.
Access cover – quantity (generally one over each outlet).
The following additional information will be required to process an order:
Dimensions A-D in mm.
Outlet/recessed access cover positions along each run.
Outlet type (horizontal or vertical).
Level or in-built falls to base of channel.

Wade International Ltd Tel : 01787 475151
Third Avenue Fax : 01787 475579
Halstead
Essex Email : [email protected]
CO9 2SX Website : www.wadedrainage.co.uk

Wall & Ceiling Coatings - 69

Wall & Ceiling Coatings CS Armourglaze™

A global manufacturer and supplier of specialist building products, CS The most resilient of our coating systems, Armourglaze™ creates a tough,
has been working in Healthcare, Commercial, Education, Transport, impermeable, tile-like surface finish designed to cope with aggressive
Leisure, Retail and Industrial sectors in the UK for over 40 years. We chemical environments. This two-pack solvent based polyurethane
collaborate closely with architects, contractors and building owners to coating has a very high resistance to chemicals and abrasion, and
find solutions to building maintenance problems, and offer project support incorporates non-leaching anti-microbial agents for a hygienic finish. The
at every stage. system can also be used as an anti-graffiti or anti-carbonation coating,
and is suitable for interior or exterior areas.
Our range of CS Wallglaze® Performance Coatings has been specified
for some of the most challenging environments due to its resilience, Armourglaze™ is formulated to cope with most stringent cleaning regimes
durability, hygienic qualities and ease of maintenance. and can be cleaned repeatedly with alkaline detergents, antiseptics and
fumigation treatments, without any degradation to surface or performance.
The range includes:
Typical Application Areas:
CS Wallsheen™ • Mortuaries, cat. 3-4 ACDP clean rooms / laboratories
• Veterinary facilities & zoos
Our water-based coating creates a durable, easy-to-maintain finish with
anti-microbial properties, resisting MRSA, E.coli and other types of • Food & pharmaceutical process areas – very high chemical resistance
bacteria and fungi. Easy to apply, the system cures with a low odour and • Exterior & interior building walls requiring anti-graffiti protection
is suitable for interior environments. It can be cleaned regularly with mild • Prisons & police stations
cleaning agents throughout its life, without degradation to surface or • Car parks
performance. • Swimming pool hall walls
• Plant rooms
Typical Application Areas:
Fibreglass Reinforcement
• Reception areas, classrooms, general storage areas & light/medium
use circulation areas Where greater resistance to impact, abrasion or steam cleaning is
required, fibreglass reinforcement can be incorporated into our
• Hospital wards, cat. 1 ACDP clean rooms/laboratories Wallglaze® systems.

• Food & pharmaceutical process areas requiring finishes with medium Light Fibreglass Reinforcement
chemical resistance Applied in a single layer, FG Light offers improved impact resistance of
the coating and is particularly useful where the existing wall surface may
• Kitchens (indirect steam), cafeterias incorporate old minor cracking or unevenness. It is suitable for use with
all Wallglaze® systems. In addition, decorative patterns in light fibreglass
CS Wallflex® tissue are available for use with Wallsheen®.

This highly durable and versatile coating can be used in both dry and wet Heavy Fibreglass Reinforcement
environments. Wallflex® is 99.5% solvent free, has very low odour and A dual gauge fibreglass system providing the ultimate in impact resistance
VOC (volatile organic compounds), anti-microbial properties and high and durability, which in many cases allows direct coating over heavily
chemical and abrasion resistance. It can also be decontaminated from cracked and uneven wall surfaces. FG Heavy can be incorporated within
radioactivity. Wallflex® or Armourglaze™ systems.

Suitable for interior or exterior use, this two-pack polyurethane system Primers
will withstand repeated cleaning with alkaline detergents, antiseptics and
intermittent mild fumigation treatments throughout its long lifecycle of A selection of primers is offered to facilitate the application of Wallglaze®
10-15 years. systems to a variety of substrates.

Typical Application Areas: Colours
• Hospital operating theatres, treatment rooms, cat. 1-3 ACDP clean
All systems can be supplied in any BS 4800, RAL Classic or NCS 2nd
rooms/laboratories & X-ray areas Series colours as standard. Colour can also be matched to project
requirements.
• Food & pharmaceutical process areas requiring finishes with high
chemical resistance

• Swimming pool halls, changing areas, bathrooms & shower rooms

• Prisons & police stations – cells & communal areas

• Kitchens – live steam/steam cleaning (system incl. fibreglass option)

CS Wallglaze® Performance Coatings - Typical System Build Up

Substrate – Grey Substrate – Grey Substrate – Grey
Faced Plasterboard Faced Plasterboard Faced Plasterboard
White Primer White Primer White Primer
1st Wallsheen™ Topcoat Hygienic Mastic if required
Universal Undercoat
2nd Wallsheen™ Topcoat Universal Undercoat 1st Armourglaze™ Topcoat

1st Wallflex® Topcoat 2nd Armourglaze™ Topcoat

2nd Wallflex® Topcoat

CS Wallsheen™ CS Wallflex® CS Armourglaze™

Construction Specialties (UK) Ltd Tel : 01296 652800 ®
1010 Westcott Venture Park Fax : 01296 652888
Westcott
Buckinghamshire @CCgroupnews
HP18 0XB Email : [email protected]
Website : www.c-sgroup.co.uk

70 - High Performance Weather Louvres

High Performance Louvre Specifications

Introduction Efficiency Graph The water repellent classifications are as follows:

Gilberts offers an inventive range of high The performance graphs are designed to CLASS EFFECTIVENESS
performance louvres with the WH and WP illustrate the effectiveness of the louvre under
Series. Conventional louvres offer a balanced differing selection parameters. A 1 to 0.99
design, combining a high free area (around 50%)
with good all round weather protection. All testing was conducted in accordance with B 0.989 to 0.95
European Standard: BS EN 13030 i.e. simulated
For more sensitive applications where limited conditions of 13m/sec (30mph) wind speed with C 0.949 to 0.80
water ingress is important, a high performance heavy rain. Even at extremes of selection, the
louvre is an essential option, especially for units units offer excellent weather protection. D below 0.8
in exposed areas with high wind or rain factors.
Similarly, the pressure loss graph clearly i.e. 0.99 EFFECTIVENESS = 99% water repellent
High Performance Louvre indicates the minimal pressure losses incurred efficiency. The combined classification would
by the WH design/profile. Performance at this have the water repellent class reference first,
The traditional approach to high performance level ranks the units alongside the very best in followed by the co-efficient of entry or discharge
louvre design has been to bank conventional performance louvres and adds an interesting i.e. A - 2 (up to 1m/s face velocity).
louvre panels into double or even triple bank new dimension to louvre choice.
assemblies. Test Results
Classification
Whilst effective, this can incur significant All Gilberts louvres have been subject to
penalties in terms of size, weight, cost and From the European Standard: BS EN 13030, simulated weather conditions at BSRIA which
pressure resistance. louvres will be classified using both the CO- follow the requirements and specification of
EFFICIENT OF ENTRY or DISCHARGE (CE or European Standard: BS EN 13030. All graphs
Our patented WH Series represent a radical new CD) and a water penetration rate. and information are developed from test results.
departure in terms of high performance louvre,
offering a simple single bank louvre assembly Classifications are as follows: The WH/75 louvre assemblies have a CD/CE of
with outstanding weather resistance. approximately 0.3
CLASS LOSS CO-EFFICIENT
Little removed from a standard louvre unit in The WP/75 louvre assemblies have a CD/CE of
terms of physical size or weight, testing in 1 0.4 and above approximately 0.27
accordance with European Standard: BS EN
13030 for weather louvre performance shows the 2 0.3 to 0.399 WH/75 = Class A3 up to 0.5m/s
WH unit, for example, to be 99.5% effective in
screening/exhaust applications and 99% 3 0.2 to 0.299 WP/75 = Class B3 up to 0.5m/s
effective even with face velocities of up to
0.5m/sec. 4 0.199 and below

Table 1 Airflow Resistance Table 2

80Louvre Pressure Drop (Pa) Weather Efficiency
70 Effectiveness (%)
60 100
50
40 90
30
20 80

10 70

5 60

2 50
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0
Ventilation Rate Per m² louvre face area (m³/s/m²)
Ventilation Rate Per m² of louvre face area (m³/s/m²) Note: A) 13m/s wind speed in all tests
WH Series
WP Series B) 75mm/m² water spray onto louvre face in all tests
WH Series
WP Series

Gilberts (Blackpool) Ltd Email : [email protected]
Clifton Road Blackpool Website : www.gilbertsblackpool.com
Lancashire FY4 4QT
Tel : 01253 766911
Fax : 01253 767941

Trench Heating - 71

Trench heating is the perfect solution for distributing heat while preventing cold draughts in rooms where there are large areas of floor-to-ceiling glazing,
such as offices and car showrooms.

The floor convectors fit into a trench or false floor in the perimeter of the building close to the glazing.

As well as providing heat to the room, they reduce cold down draughts from the glazing and can assist in preventing condensation. The heater acts as
a screen at cold windows, increasing thermal comfort in the interior.

Aesthetically pleasing, room design and décor can be complemented with a range of grille finish.

Features and benefits:

• Made in Leicester, UK • Suitable for installation in screeded or suspended floors

• Independently tested to BS EN 16430 • Natural & powered units available

• High outputs • Bespoke curved sections & grilles

• Installed beneath floor-to-ceiling windows to unobtrusively eliminate • Corner kits with angled sections & mitred corner grilles are available
draughts & enhance comfort as required

Natural Units

Trench Width 150mm 225mm 300mm

Trench Height 90mm 145mm 200mm 90mm 145mm 200mm 90mm 145mm 200mm

Trench 120 197 278 180 337 368 239 430 491
Length (mm) 141 232 281 506 578
162 266 327 211 397 433 323 581 664
900 183 301 365 657 750
1000 204 336 376 243 456 497 407 732 836
1100 225 370 449 808 922
1200 246 405 425 274 515 562 491 883 1009
1300 267 439 533 959 1095
1400 288 474 473 306 574 627 575 1034 1181
1500 309 509 617 1110 1267
1600 330 543 522 337 633 691 659 1185 1353
1700 351 578 701 1261 1440
1800 372 612 571 369 693 756 743 1336 1526
1900 393 647 785 1412 1612
2000 414 682 620 400 752 820 827 1487 1698
2100 435 716 869 1563 1784
2200 456 751 669 432 811 885 911 1638 1871
2300 477 785 953 1714 1957
2400 498 820 717 463 870 950 995 1789 2043
2500 519 855 1037 1865 2129
2600 540 889 766 495 929 1014 1079 1940 2215
2700 561 924 1121 2016 2302
2800 582 958 815 526 989 1079 1163 2091 2388
2900
3000 864 558 1048 1143
3100
913 589 1107 1208

961 621 1166 1273

1010 652 1225 1337

1059 684 1285 1402

1108 715 1344 1466

1157 747 1403 1531

1205 778 1462 1596

1254 810 1521 1660

1303 841 1581 1725

1352 873 1640 1789

Powered Units

Trench Width (mm)

Trench Length (mm) 180mm 225mm 260mm 300mm Heat Output in Watts

1100 470 782 971 1091 Based on LPHW @ 80 / 60ºC, room air @
813 1003 1129 20ºC, medium speed for powered units.
1200 494 844 1036 1167
875 1068 1205
1300 518 906 1100 1243
937 1132 1281
1400 542 1553 1931 2169
1584 1963 2207
1500 566 1615 1996 2245
1646 2028 2283
1600 590 1677 2060 2321
1708 2092 2359
1700 932 2324 2891 3247
2355 2923 3285
1800 956 2386 2956 3323
2417 2988 3361
1900 980 2448 3020 3399
2479 3052 3437
2000 1004 2510 3084 3475
2541 3117 3513
2100 1028 2572 3149 3551

2200 1052

2300 1394

2400 1418

2500 1442

2600 1466

2700 1490

2800 1514

2900 1538

3000 1562

3100 1586

All powered units are 110mm high

SPC (S & P Coil Products Ltd) Tel : 0116 249 0044
SPC House Fax : 0116 249 0033
Evington Valley Road
Leicester @SPCHVAC
LE5 5LU Email : [email protected]
Website : www.spc-hvac.co.uk

72 - Floor Coverings -Technical Information

Commitment to Quality

Polyflor is a quality-driven organisation. Our manufacturing processes and systems are ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified and we conform to a wide
range of international standards to back-up the performance of our floor coverings. Many ranges are available with individually certified BRE A+ ratings,
with Generic Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) available on request. All Polyflor production sites have been audited for BES 6001 (a complete
sustainability standard from the BRE relating to responsible sourcing of construction products) and achieve ‘excellent’ certification.

Palettone PUR Pearlazzo PUR Classic Mystique PUR 2000 PUR Forest fx PUR XL PU

Gauge 2mm 2mm 2mm 2mm, 2.5mm 2mm 1.5, 2mm

Wear Layer –– – – 0.7mm –

Roll Size 2m x 20m = 40m² 2m x 20m = 40m² 2m x 20m = 40m² 2m x 20m = 40m² 2m x 20m = 40m² 2m x 27.5m = 55m²
2m x 15m = 30m² 2m x 20m = 40m²

Tile Size 608 x 608mm (12 – 300 x 300mm 300 x 300mm – 300 x 300mm
shades) – 608 x 608mm 608 x 608mm – 608 x 608mm

Weight 2800g/m² 2950g/m² 3250g/m² 2mm: 3550g/m² 2700g/m² 1.5mm: 2360g/m²
2.5mm: 4552g/m² 2mm: 3200g/m²

EN 649 / EN ISO 10581 Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms – Conforms
EN 649 / EN ISO 10582 – – – – Conforms –

Use Area Classification 23, 34, 43 23, 34, 43 23, 34, 43 23, 34, 43 23, 34, 43 1.5mm: 23, 32, 41
2mm: 23, 34, 43

ASTM F1913 Conforms Conforms Conforms Conforms – Conforms

ASTM F1700 – – Conforms Conforms – Conforms

EN 13501-1 Class Bfl-S1 Class Bfl-S1 Class Bfl-S1 Class Bfl-S1 Class Bfl-S1 Class Bfl-S1

ASTM E662 <450 <450 <450 <450* – <450

ASTM E648 Class 1 Class 1 Class 1 Class 1* – Class 1

EN 660-2 Abrasion Resistance Group T Group T Group P Group M Group T Group M
EN ISO 10581 Binder Content Type I Type I Type I Type II – Type II
EN ISO 10582 Binder Content
– – – – Type I –

EN 13893 Class DS (dry) Class DS (dry) Class DS (dry) Class DS (dry) Class DS (dry) Class DS (dry)

Hygiene ++ + ++ +

Maintenance Enhancement Polyurethane Polyurethane Polyurethane Polyurethane Polyurethane Polyurethane surface
reinforcement reinforcement reinforcement reinforcement reinforcement treatment

* Certification available for 2mm only. †Certification available for 1.5mm and 2mm only.

+ All Polyflor commercial sheet vinyl ranges provide a continuous, impervious and hygienic flooring solution which can be confidently cleaned in accordance with recommended maintenance
procedures and approved maintenance products. The implementation of an effective cleaning regime is the most important defence against infection.

Secura PUR Expona Design PUR Expona Commercial PUR Expona Control PUR Polysafe Quattro PUR

Gauge 3.0mm Gauge 3mm 2.5mm 2.5mm 2mm
Wear Layer 0.35mm Wear Layer 0.7mm 0.55mm 0.7mm –
Tile Size Various Various Various –

Roll Size 2m x 25m = 50m² Roll Size – – – 2m x 20m = 40m²
3m x 25m = 75m² 5100g/m² 4290g/m² 4290g/m² 2700g/m²
Weight 4m x 25m = 100m² Weight Conforms Conforms –
EN 653 –
EN ISO 26986 1780g/m² EN 649 / EN ISO 10582 – – Conforms - Class ESf Conforms - Class ESf
23, 34, 43 23, 33, 42 23, 34, 43
Conforms EN 13845 23, 34, 43
with enhanced slip

Use Area Classification

Use Area 23, 32, 41 EN 13501-1 Class Bfl-S1 Class Bfl-S1 Class Bfl-S1 Class Bfl-S1
Classification ASTM E648 Class 1 Class 1 Class 1 Class 1

EN 13501-1 Class Bfl-S1 EN 649 Abrasion Group Group T Group T Group T Group T
EN ISO 10582 Type I Type I Type I –

EN 649 Abrasion Group Group T EN 13893 Class DS (dry) Class DS (dry) – –
EN ISO 10582 Type I RRL Pendulum Test – – 36 (wet test) 50 (wet test)

EN 13893 Class DS (dry) Surface Roughness Rz – – 20µm 20µm

Hygiene + EN 13845 – – 50,000 cycles 50,000 cycles
Abrasion Resistance
Maintenance Polyurethane R10 R10 R10 R11
Enhancement reinforcement DIN 51130 Polyurethane Polyurethane Polyurethane Polyurethane
reinforcement reinforcement reinforcement reinforcement
Maintenance
Enhancement

Polyflor Ltd Tel : +44 (0)161 767 1111
PO Box 3 UK Fax : +44 (0)161 767 1100
Radcliffe New Road UK Sales Direct : +44 (0)161 767 1122
Whitefield Export Fax : +44 (0)161 767 1166
Manchester M45 7NR Website : www.polyflor.com

Specification of Safety Flooring - 73

Why Safety Flooring? Other Methods

Safety flooring is typically used in areas where there is a risk of spillage • The Ramp Test (DIN 51130) - This ex-factory test involves the use
or wetness that would normally make the floor slippery and unsafe, such of a shod foot human operator who walks forwards and backwards
as bathrooms, kitchens and bar serveries. over flooring contaminated with oil. The inclination of the sample is
increased gradually until the operator slips. The resulting level of
Increasingly, safety flooring is now being specified in front of house areas degrees gives an R value – from R9 up to R13. This test result should
such as entrances, atriums, corridors, breakout and circulation areas. not be used in isolation as it cannot be replicated on-site and does
not take into account wear and maintenance over the floor’s lifetime.
Polyflor’s comprehensive range of safety floorings adhere closely to HSE
Guidelines by measuring against preferred slip test methods and also • Barefoot Ramp Test (DIN 51097) - As per DIN 51130 but this test
conform to Safety Flooring Standard EN 13845, meeting the sustainability relates specifically to flooring performance in continually wet and
requirements set down in the 50,000 cycles abrasion wear test. barefoot conditions. Results are classified into 3 areas: A, B & C –
Class B being suitable for shower areas.
The Polysafe portfolio offers a wide choice of colour and decoration with
sustainable wet slip resistance for the guaranteed life of the product. Use Areas & Polysafe Product Selector

Methods of Measuring Slip Resistance The recommendations below give an indicative guide only as to product
suitability based on Polyflor’s knowledge and experience. Other ranges
• RRL Pendulum Test - The preferred test method from the HSE, this will also be suitable for the areas indicated. Product recommendation is
in-situ test assesses the coefficient of friction achieved by swinging dependent on the likely viscosity of contaminants in the use area.
a pendulum foot over the floor surface in a controlled manner. All
Polysafe products adhere to HSE Guidelines, achieving readings of Decorative Safety Flooring Ranges
over 36 in the wet (using the appropriate rubber slider) and have a
low slip potential classification. Polysafe Ecomax, Polysafe Wood fx PUR, Polysafe Mosaic PUR,
Polysafe Wood fx Acoustix PUR and Expona Control are also suited to
• Surface Microroughness Test - Another test favoured by the HSE, some of the use areas listed below, as well as applications at the front
to be used in conjunction with the Pendulum test. An average of house such as entrance areas, corridors and circulation areas.
measurement between “peaks and valleys” of the surface is obtained. Polysafe Quattro, Hydro and Hydro Evolve also offers a clearer and more
A minimum roughness of Rz >20µm is required in areas with risks of attractive decoration for continually wet and barefoot areas.
water spillage.

For further classification and guidance contact Polyflor Customer Technical Services on +44 (0)161 767 1912

Use Area Polysafe Polysafe Polysafe Polysafe Polysafe Polysafe Polysafe Polysafe
Verona PUR Astral PUR Vogue Ultra Standard Quattro Hydro Apex Ultima
Bathroom - Toilets Original/Pure Evolve
Classrooms - Food Technology • PUR PUR •
Laboratories - Wet • • ••
Changing Rooms • • • • •
Kitchens / Food Preparation Areas • • • •
(over 100 meals a day) • • • • ••
Kitchens • • ••
Food Preparation Areas • • ••
• • ••
• •

••
••

Ramped Areas • •••
Utility / Storage Areas

Showers / Wet Rooms •
•
Hydrotherapy Areas

Laundry & Sluice Rooms ••
Restaurant / Bar Serving Areas ••

Food Processing Areas ••

Product recommendation is dependent on the likely viscosity of contaminants in the use area.
Specification of profiled or non-profiled safety flooring is dependent on an end user’s risk assessment.

Polyflor Ltd Tel : +44 (0)161 767 1111
PO Box 3 UK Fax : +44 (0)161 767 1100
Radcliffe New Road UK Sales Direct : +44 (0)161 767 1122
Whitefield Export Fax : +44 (0)161 767 1166
Manchester M45 7NR Website : www.polyflor.com

74 - Trench Heating

RCM Heating is introducing a new and exciting range of trench Ecological & BMS Friendly

heaters, designer radiators and towel rails. The range includes radiant Models with modern tangential ventilators 24V DC EC allow for
convector heaters, designed to heat residential rooms, corridors, implementation into low temperature heating systems, making use of
dust-free production rooms and public spaces and will operate in any thermal pumps and other ecological heating sources. Trench heaters with
heating system. Exchanger convectors with modern heating elements the EC fan technology combined with a modern digital thermostat can
can be used for offices, commercial areas, car showrooms and hotels. easily be incorporated into building management systems (BMS).

Trench heaters are embedded directly in the floor, do not disturb the Radiators
interior space design and do not occupy any space that could otherwise
be used for furniture. Trench heaters take in cold air from the surrounding Beautiful curves, imaginative design, try choosing just one of the many
environment – this air enters the trench heaters either by means of natural designs to finish your luxury interior. Exceptional construction made of
circulation or it is displaced using the installed tangential fans. resistant stainless steel. Designed for customers looking for high quality
and originality.
A heat exchanger is a basic component of each trench heater. This is
where the air is heated and subsequently rises back into the room. The Stylish & Unique Radiator Designs
air forms a heat curtain in front of a cool glass surface which separates
this cool surface from the inner space of the room and prevents air humidity If you are looking for something a little bit different, unique to your
condensation on its surface. requirements and perhaps tailored for the perfect fit, then our range of
stylish radiators will provide you with the perfect solution.
Discover this beautiful and versatile range of bathroom and designer
radiators and towel rails now available from RCM Heating; eye-catching Available in a range of stunning designs, featuring both classic and
products which will compliment any of your developments. Customers contemporary styles.
will always require the classical functions of heating, but with the RCM
range of radiators, towel rails and trench heaters, they can choose from With a comprehensive selection of quality finishes, colours and
units that not only warm, but also make a visual statement complementing connection options, we aim to provide our customers with a combination
the overall aspect of any room. to suit most installations.

Trench Heating

Natural Convection or Fan Assistance

Our range of trench heaters are available as natural convection and fan
assisted units. The 24V DC tangential fans are designed with longitudinal
tangential rotors. These ensure maximum coverage of the heat
exchanger which combined with the low energy motors, make the units
highly efficient.

Controlled by thermostat only and with optimum heating catering to the
needs of the user, they provide economic operation and so much more.

Wide Range of Cover Grilles & Finishes Wide range of types & dimensions
Maximum coverage of the heat exchanger by fan rotors
Aluminium Grilles – Roll-up grilles are made up of transverse lamellas Continuous control of trench heaters with fans
of aluminium alloy which are connected by a pre-tensioned spring and Silent operation
evenly spaced by a cured plastic roller. The surface is anodised, tinted Very low working voltage
and available in a selection of powder coated RAL shades. Low energy consumption
Use in low-temperature systems & heat-pump systems
Wooden Grilles – Lamellas made from Oak or Beech are available with Easy implementation in the BMS systems
a raw or stained surface. The grille constitutes the final design – invisible internal
components
Stainless Steel Grilles – With an impressive robust look and feel, these
grilles are also available as a rigid structure.

RCM Products Tel : 01234 843303
12-14 Sunbeam Road Fax : 01908 483930
Woburn Road Industrial Estate
Kempston Email : [email protected]
Bedford MK42 7BY Website : www.rcmheating.co.uk

The Art of Handling Air - 75

TROX UK Ltd

TROX is the leader in the development, manufacture and sale of components and systems for the air conditioning and ventilation of rooms and facilities.
With subsidiary companies in 28 countries on all 5 continents and 14 production facilities, TROX is present in over 70 countries with a staff of 3,700
employees. The interaction between all technical building services can make or break the whole system. This is why TROX offers everything from a single
source. Air handling unit and ventilation components complement each other perfectly, which results in maximum energy efficiency while the coordination
effort during the design and installation stages for a project is reduced to a minimum.

Air Handling Units – X-CUBE Flow Control Units – VAV & CAV
• Flexible with individual configuration options • Distinguished by their quality, easy commissioning &

• Eurovent certified, ErP ready precise function

• In addition to the standard AHU for commercial applications, • Able to meet the most demanding acoustic requirements
variants include: weatherproof for outdoor use, hygiene
variant for hospitals & laboratories • Suitable for air conditioning in all kinds of internal spaces

• Suitable for laboratories, clean room technologies, fume
cupboards & room control needs

Grilles & Diffusers
Developed with renowned
designers and architects,
TROX provides a range of:
• Ceiling, swirl, floor,

industrial, staircase &
slot diffusers

• Air & roll down grilles

• Jet nozzles

• Plaster in (discreet)
grilles & slot diffusers

Chilled Beams Also available Fan Coil Units
• Active & passive chilled beams • Decentralised ventilation systems • An air conditioning terminal unit that, combined
• Air management systems
• Multi-service chilled beams (MSCB) can • Fire & smoke protection with a diffuser, provides air conditioning suited
incorporate cooling & heating systems & • Silencers to offices, hotel rooms, shops & restaurants
the following services: • Filter units & filter elements
• Ventilation & exhaust building fans • Guaranteed noise levels, thermal & aerodynamic
- Lighting • Automation & system technology performance - independently evaluated
- Public address systems
- Smoke detectors & water sprinklers • BIM/Revit files available for all product sizes &
- CCTV & PIP sensors optional equipment
- BMS, voice & data cables
• Beams can be tailored to meet technical • 6 sizes of unit based around a base unit of length,
& aesthetic requirements 90mm & height 270mm

• 9 different air flow configurations with 16 different
fan options

TROX UK Ltd Tel : +44 (0) 1842 754545
Caxton Way Fax : +44 (0) 1842 763051
Thetford
Norfolk @TROXUK
IP24 3SQ Email : [email protected]
Website : www.troxuk.co.uk

76 - Meeting Regulations with Electric & Renewable Heating

Air Curtains

Our extensive air curtain portfolio includes surface and recess mounted models using electric heat, water heat or as ambient units for commercial and
heavy commercial applications. We also offer a range of bespoke architectural units that are perfect for applications where design requirements are
particularly important, as well as a range of heavy duty industrial products designed for the largest openings.

Electric Fires

All leisure and hospitality applications, whether that is a restaurant or a gym, could benefit from the use of an electric fire or stove to improve the ambience
and increase customer comfort. Dimplex offer a range of fires and stoves that can be both installed or ‘plug-and-go’, with the options of use with or without
heat for year-round operation. Dimplex offers a range of modern or traditional styles to suit any environment and clientele, creating a warm and enticing
feel to any room. Electric fuelled fires and stoves have many advantages over gas or solid fuel including:

• Don’t need a gas line & annual maintenance
• No carbon monoxide risk
• Control over heat output
• No need for chimney/flue
• Cleaner burn – no need to clean up ash
• Not a real flame so safe for open public use – children, elderly, animals, etc

Meeting the UK Government’s Strict Commitments

Driving the development of Glen Dimplex’s portfolio is the UK government’s commitment to sustainable growth and the green agenda. As part of this
green approach, the Greater London Authority is planning a carbon tax on new developments in the capital. In essence, developers must reduce the
Dwelling Emission Rate (DER) of a dwelling to 35% below the Target Emission Rate (TER) required to secure a pass in Part L of the England and Wales
Building Regulations. The remaining carbon, expressed in tonnes, must then be offset in the form of an abatement payment which is set by each individual
borough.

A Low Carbon Heating Solution

Heat pumps extract as much as 75% of their heating energy from the environment. Building carbon emissions for heating can be reduced by as much
as 50% compared with gas fuelled heating systems. This is an obvious benefit when considering building regulations Part L compliance and planning
obligations requiring minimum contributions from renewable energy.

Heat Pump Technology

A heat pump heating system consists of 3 components: the heat source, the Source From Air or Ground 75% Heat Pump
heat pump itself and a heat distribution and storage system. Heat pumps can

produce more energy than they consume by using the conventional refrigeration

cycle to absorb heat from the environment and raise it to a suitable level for

heating.

1 75% of the energy is taken from the environment i.e. the air or ground and

transferred to the heat pump.

2 25% of the energy is sourced from the national grid in the normal way of

supplying your electricity. This is used to operate the heat pump but with

very low consumption.

3 The energy from the air or ground is transferred to the refrigerant inside Source National Grid 25%
the heat pumps evaporator. This causes the temperature of the refrigerant

to rise and change state from liquid to gas.

4 The refrigerant gas is then compressed, using an electrically driven compressor, reducing its volume, but causing its temperature to rise significantly.

5 A heat exchanger (condenser) then extracts the heat energy from the hot refrigerant to heat water for central heating, underfloor heating or domestic

hot water.

6 After giving up its heat energy, the refrigerant turns back into a liquid and can absorb energy from the environment, allowing the cycle to begin again.

Using Energy Efficiently Built to Last

• Heat pumps are among the most efficient heating and hot water systems available today.
Approximately 75% of the energy needed for heating comes from the environment.

• This means that for every 1kWh of electricity used to power the heat pump compressor, between
3 and 4kWh of heating energy are produced, giving the heat pump an efficiency of 300-400% or
higher.

• The heat pump’s “efficiency” is known as it’s “Coefficient of Performance” (CoP). This is simply a
ratio between the proportion of the total energy supplied that can be extracted from the environment
and the amount supplied by electricity to run the heat pump compressor. The higher the CoP, the
more “free” environmental energy the heat pump is using!

Building Information Modelling

Dimplex supports Building Information Modelling (BIM) for the generation of shared knowledge to equip
architecture, engineering, and construction professionals with the insight and tools to plan, design,
construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure more efficiently and cost-effectively throughout a
facility’s lifecycle; from earliest conception to demolition.
Dimplex currently supports BIM for the following product ranges: air curtains and overdoor heaters;
storage heating; direct acting heaters; ground source heat pumps; air source heat pumps; heat pump
accessories; hot water heat pumps; district heating heat pumps; domestic hot water; fan assisted radiators; towel rails; bathroom radiators; tubular heaters;
plinth heaters; outdoor fires; infrared heaters and secondary heating.

Glen Dimplex Heating & Ventilation Tel : 0344 879 3587
Millbrook House Website : www.gdhv.com
Grange Drive Hedge End
Southampton
Hampshire SO30 2DF

Air Curtains - 77

Selection Guide

The maximum height of installation depends on the conditions of the premises

Model Exposed Recessed Revolving Vertical Horizontal Cold store Commercial/ Industrial/ EC fan Clever
Public Warehouse option Control
Option
Building/ ■
Retail ■ ■
■
Essensse Neo ■ ■■ ■
■ ■
Finesse ■ ■■ ■
■ ■
Invisair ■ ■■ ■ ■
■ ■
Kool ■ ■■■ ■ ■
■
Max ■ ■■■ ■ ■ ■
■ ■
Maxwell ■ ■■■ ■ ■

Mini Optima ■ ■■

Recessed Optima ■ ■■

Rotowind ■ ■ ■ ■

Rund ■ ■■■ ■

Smart ■ ■■

Standesse ■ ■■

VCP ■ ■■■ ■

Windbox ■ ■■ ■

Industrial Windbox ■ ■■■ ■

Recessed Windbox ■ ■■

Zen ■ ■■

JS Air Curtains Tel : +44 (0) 1903 858656
Member of the Condair Group Fax : +44 (0) 1903 850345
Artex Avenue
Rustington Littlehampton @JSAirCurtains
West Sussex BN16 3LN Email : [email protected]
Website : www.jsaircurtains.com

78 - Air Terminal Device Selection

Introduction

Frequently the type and location of a grille or diffuser will be determined by architectural or other requirements. If this is the case, performance data can
be applied directly to determine whether the resulting performance is acceptable. If an entirely free choice is available, refer to Sections 2 and 8 where
comparative selection data can be used to determine the most suitable air terminal device. Usually, the sizing and design of a terminal device is based
on the throw, but at each stage, it is necessary to check that any acoustic or pressure drop specification is satisfied.

Having decided which type of grille or diffuser is required, apply the following techniques for selection Table 5.1
in conjunction with necessary information, such as total airflow rate and room size. It is helpful to
Class of ATD Air Change rate per hour
have scale drawings of air terminal device layouts.

Mixed Flow Applications Grilles 8
Linear Grilles 10
Table 5.1 provides very approximate typical air change rates for various types of air terminal devices. Slot & Linear Diffusers 15
Consideration must be given to the following which will determine the final selection.

• Mounting position Rectangular Diffusers 15
Perforated Diffusers 15

• Size of ATDs Circular Diffusers 20

• Blade divergence Swirl Diffusers 20-30

• Acceptable local velocities Table 5.2

• Noise criteria Ceiling Height (m) 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.5 4.0
Maximum Throw (m) 2.5 3.3 4.5 6.3 8.0

Sidewall Grilles Table 5.3

Sidewall supply grilles may be selected or adjusted to discharge air to Terminal device Distance between terminal device & ceiling surface ‘X’
take advantage of the ceiling effect with or without spread in the 300mm 300-600mm 600-1000mm 1000mm +
horizontal plane. The blade angle can be used to balance the spread

and throw for the required air flow rate. The maximum available throw Diffusers 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7

should be based on the recommended ceiling height and throw shown Linear Grilles 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7

in table 5.2.

If the required throw exceeds the maximum throw shown in table 5.2, Grilles 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7

consider an alternative scheme. Choose suitable grille locations and

calculate the individual grille duty.

Determine the most suitable terminal velocity on which the throw is to be based; in general, a jet terminal velocity of
0.25 to 0.4 m/s will be satisfactory for year-round air conditioning schemes using sidewall grilles.

Using selection tables or nomograms, select the most suitable grille size.

Grilles with an aspect ratio (width to height ratio) between 2:1 and 5:1 produce a better air diffusion pattern than square
grilles and are less likely to cause draught problems due to excessive drop of the supply jet.

When the terminal device is mounted away from a surface (a free jet) the velocity decay is more rapid, and throw is less
than surface clinging jets. Table 5.3 gives typical ratios of throw.

Approach 1

It is recommended that the space between ATDs should be equal to 1/3 of the ATDs throw.

Be aware that an ATD installed close to the ceiling may cause a Ceiling Effect, as described in Section 1. This may
cause the Throw to be extended beyond the data in a manufacturers’ guidelines.

Taking this into account divide the room into equal sections along the length (L) ensuring that each individual section
has a width:length aspect ratio of at least 1:3 or more. (See Figure 5.3).

The example shows 4 ATDs, for which the air flow rate for each can be acquired by dividing the total air flow rate (Qt)
by the total amount of ATDs as represented in the following expression = Qt/4

Upon obtaining the air flow rate for individual ATDs, the exact throw can be ascertained relative to the segment length
(W) from the manufacturer’s technical data.

To prevent draughts, identify an acceptable air flow drop (based on velocity) which ensures the air flow envelope does
not breach the occupied zone, normally a height of 1.8m (See Figure 5.2).

Select an ATD size relative to the specific data of the ATD. Remember to consider the above along with temperature
differential and position of the ATD in relation to the ceiling.

Approach 2

By dividing the room area lengthwise, it increases the amount of ATDs (see Figure 5.4). This in turn lowers the air flow
rate per ATD.

Proceed as per Approach 1.

Approach 3

Begin by dividing the room by the same aspect ratio (1:3) as seen in Approach 1. Then, maintaining the widths of the
segments divide the room area lengthwise (see Figure 5.5).

Set the blades to 22° and proceed as before.

Waterloo Air Products Plc Tel : 01622 711500
Quarrywood Industrial Estate Fax : 01622 710648
Mills Road
Aylesford Email : [email protected]
Kent ME20 7NB Website : www.waterloo.co.uk

Air Terminal Device Selection - 79

Linear Grilles

Continuous grilles mounted at high level on a sidewall or bulkhead may be treated in a similar manner to linear slot L = Active Length
diffusers. If the grille is mounted to take advantage of the ceiling effect, this is always beneficial with cooling Qt = Total air Flow Rate
differentials as the risk of dumping is minimised. Qm = Active Quantity per meter run

To avoid draughts at head level, the maximum throw should be limited to the figures shown in table 5.4, based on 2.7 3.0 3.5 4.0
3.3 4.5 3.6 8.0
ceiling height:
2.7 3.0 3.5 4.0
If the required throw exceeds the maximum throw shown above, consider Table 5.4 5.5 6.5 9.5 12.0

supplying air from both sides of the room or using an alternative terminal device. Ceiling Height (m) 2.5

Calculate the grille duty by dividing the maximum available active length into the Maximum Throw (m) 2.5
total flow rate.

Determine the most suitable terminal velocity for the application; for year-round Table 5.5

air conditioning with linear grilles, a terminal velocity of 0.3 – 0.4 m/s is satisfactory. Ceiling Height (m) 2.5
4.0
Using selection nomograms, determine the most suitable grille height based on Maximum Throw (m)

the required duty and throw.

Linear Slot Diffusers

These diffusers can be selected or set to provide horizontal diffusion in one or two directions across a flat ceiling surface drawing up on the ceiling effect.
As the supply jet entrains room air, it expands in its depth and must be prevented from prematurely entering the occupied zone. Table 5.5, illustrates
recommended maximum throws for differing ceiling heights.

One Way Throw

For continuous slot diffuser arrangements, divide the ceiling area into convenient strips, based on the maximum throw.

Determine the available active lengths of diffuser sections, then calculate the diffuser duty by dividing the active length into the total airflow rate to be
supplied.

With the available information of maximum throw and diffuser duty, draw two lines on the selection nomogram; one passing through the minimum throw
and the other passing through the maximum throw. This produces a band of possible selections.

It is now necessary to find the optimum selection for comfort (maximum number of slots to produce the ideal room air movement for the application).

If the optimum selection falls below a one-slot diffuser, then the active length can be reduced as necessary.

If the optimum selection is greater than eight slots, it is possible that a slot diffuser arrangement is not practical and further advice should be obtained.

Two Way Throw

If selecting a linear diffuser with a two-way throw, the two throws should be selected on a nomogram as though they are separate diffusers.

After working out the Qm, divide that air flow rate by the number of Slots on the Linear Diffuser.

Example: A 3-Slot Diffuser with an air flow rate of 180l/s/m would give 60l/s/m through each slot.

If the slot is to be configured with two slots diffusing one way, but the third to diffuse in the opposite direction, then selections would be for a two-slot
configuration of 120l/s/m and a one-slot configuration of 60l/s/m.

Circular, Square & Swirl Diffusers

Circular diffusers produce a radial air diffusion pattern while square and rectangular

devices can be selected or adjusted to produce 4, 3, 2 or 1-way directional air Table 5.6

patterns and drawing up on the ceiling effect. Wherever possible, select a 4-way Ceiling Height (m) 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.5 4.0

or radial pattern as this results in the most efficient air diffusion. Using table 5.6, 4.0 5.5 6.5
determine the maximum recommended radial throw based on the zone ceiling Maximum Throw (m) 9.5 12.0

height. This will prevent the supply jet from entering the occupied zone prematurely,

as it expands in the vertical plane.

Standard Selection

Using a scaled ceiling plan, divide the area into convenient squares twice the size of the derived maximum radial throw. A circular or square diffuser at
the centre of each area can now be selected to handle its proportion of the total airflow rate.

Using selection tables or nomograms, determine the diffuser sizes which satisfy the throw parameter. The most economical selection will produce a
minimum radial throw very close to the required throw. However, the optimum selection will probably be a compromise between the most economical
selection and that which will produce the most comfortable room air movement.

If the maximum radial throw produced by the smallest available diffuser is less than the required throw, then insufficient room air movement and high-level
stratification will result. An alternative air terminal device should be considered.

Similarly, if the minimum radial throw produced by the largest available diffuser is greater than the required throw, it is probable that the air terminal device
is unsuitable.

Wherever possible, diffuser selections should be within the limits given in the tables; extrapolating data down to very low-neck velocities will usually result
in poor air diffusion – for example, high-level stratification with heating cycles and draughts due to dumping with cooling cycles.

Swirl diffuser units usually have a circular pattern of radial vanes which generate a swirling air motion when used in supply mode. This highly turbulent
swirl effect allows the unit to introduce high volumes of air into the conditioned space, taking advantage of the rapid entrainment and intermixing
characteristics. As a result, the unit can deliver high room air change rates as compared to conventional diffusers.  

Waterloo Air Products Plc Tel : 01622 711500
Quarrywood Industrial Estate Fax : 01622 710648
Mills Road
Aylesford Email : [email protected]
Kent ME20 7NB Website : www.waterloo.co.uk

80 - Britstream Ventilation Canopies

Britstream Ventilation Canopies

Aesthetics are a priority during design, so all Britstream
products look better, cleaner, brighter and
proportionally correct for the environment. Functional
efficiency is paramount and our product range
incorporates innovative concepts which help reduce
onward running costs in a myriad of ways.
The range has been carefully designed to provide
integral rigidity and to be self supporting – even when
disassembled for transportation, so reducing the risks
of damage in-transit.

Britannia also offers the Ultrastream range of canopies,
which use UV Filtration to provide secondary grease
destruction and odour removal. This keeps extract
ducts clean and allows for cleaner discharge air.
Grease and odour destruction is achieved by passing
the extracted air through the UV lamp assembly located
within the canopy. Intense UV light energy breaks down
and destroys residual grease and odours by a
combination of ozonolysis and photolysis.

Free standing re-circulation unit suitable for light to
medium duty cooking applications where obtaining a
duct route to atmosphere is not possible.
All additional filtration and fan equipment is housed in
the integral services tower which cleans the air before
introducing it back to the kitchen through the canopy.

Hybrid canopy / plenum type ventilated ceiling system.
MoJ type approved.

Silverline provides a clean line of sight across the
kitchen whilst increasing the fire resistance within the
structure.

Cassette type ventilated ceiling system. MoD type
approved.

Heydal provides a clean line of sight across the kitchen
and can be powder coated to suit particular
architectural requirements.

Britannia Kitchen Ventilation Tel : 01926 675420

Clarence Street Fax : 01926 463541

Leamington Spa

Warwickshire Email : [email protected]

CV31 2AD Website : www.kitchen-ventilation.co.uk

Kitchen Ventilation - 81

Specifications & Useful Data

Sizing Canopies

Typically, the underside of a canopy should be between 2000mm and
2100mm above fixed floor level (AFFL). Note: Instances where canopies
are to be mounted higher than this, the overhang dimensions should be
increased by 100mm for every 100mm above 2100mm AFFL.
When determining the plan dimensions of any canopy it is important that
it is large enough to provide adequate overhang to the cooking equipment.
Typically overhangs to allow are 300mm to each free side.
Note: For certain types of steaming appliances and baking ovens, this
should be increased to a minimum of 600mm to cope with the opening
arc of the appliance door.

Calculating Extract Duties

According to HVCA DW/172 Specification for Kitchen Ventilation Systems
‘The Thermal Convection Method’ of calculation should be the only
method used.
Other methods have been included in this document (DW/172) for use
only when insufficient information is available at the ‘design stage’.

Thermal Convection Method

This method follows the procedure covered in the CIBSE “Guide B”,
expanded to include a wider range of equipment and works on the
principle of each appliance having an allocated thermal convection
co-efficient (air to be extracted in m³/s per m² of appliance), which are
then totalled and ‘factored’ for the type of canopy proposed.

Face Velocity Method

This is a provisional method when there is insufficient information to
enable a calculation by the Thermal Convection Method.
This method works by multiplying a ‘notional’ capture velocity, in m/s, to
the total plan area of the proposed canopy, in m².
Light loading – 0.25m/s Typically steaming ovens, boiling pans, bain
maries and stock-pot stoves.
Medium loading – 0.35m/s Typically deep fat fryers, bratt pans, solid
and open top ranges and griddles.
Heavy loading – 0.5m/s Typically chargrills, mesquite and specialist
broiler units.

Air Change Method

This is a provisional method when there is insufficient information to
enable a calculation by the Thermal Convection Method.
These can vary widely dependent on a number of factors and therefore
not recommended as a method of calculation.
Whilst 40 air changes per hour should be taken as a minimum for comfort,
in the absence of any other information, it is not unusual for rates as high
as 60 to 120 to be encountered when high output equipment is densely
located into a relatively small kitchen area.

Materials

According to HVCA DW/172 Specification for Kitchen Ventilation
Systems, ‘The only material to be used in the fabrication of canopies, in
accordance with this specification, shall be type 304 ultra fine grained
stainless steel.’

Further Information, Standards & Documents

CIBSE Guide B2: Ventilation and Air Conditioning, (Requirements and
Systems Equipment and Control).
HVCA DW/172 Specification for Kitchen Ventilation Systems.
HVCA DW/144 Specification for Sheet Metal Ductwork.
BS 6173:2009 Specification for Installation and Maintenance of Gas Fired
Catering Appliances for use in all types of Catering Establishments.
HSE CAIS10: Ventilation of Kitchens in Catering Establishments.
HSE CAIS23: Gas Safety in Catering and Hospitality.

Britannia Kitchen Ventilation Tel : 01926 675420

Clarence Street Fax : 01926 463541

Leamington Spa

Warwickshire Email : [email protected]

CV31 2AD Website : www.kitchen-ventilation.co.uk

82 - Therma V Heat Pump System

Therma V Air-to-Water Heat Pump

LG’s Therma V heat pump system, available as split or monobloc types, absorbs heat from the outside ambient air. The absorbed heat is used to heat
hot water for the wet central heating system and domestic hot water.

Energy Efficiency & Cost

Therma V is a highly efficient product with a maximum COP 4.49 (A7/W35, 12kW) – the COP of a traditional heating system is typically lower then 1.0

Heating Efficiency (COP) Comparison Energy Cost Increasing Trend

COP 4.49 Ratio Oil
4.0 180% Gas

3.0 160%

2.0 140%
1.0 0.88
0.90 0.90 120%
Electrical Heating
0.5 100%

Electricity

Oil Boiler Gas Boiler 80%
2005
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

*Energy Cost per Household (EU)

Comparison of Energy Cost per 1 kWh of Thermal Energy Cost*
• Electricity cost: 0.135 £/kWh
£/kWh
0.15

• Natural gas cost: 0.042 £/kWh

0.135 • Oil cost: 0.64 £/kWh

0.10 *Based on EST prices 2014

48% lower running cost @ A7/W35 0.64 Efficiency
36% lower running cost @ A-7/W45 • THERMA V 7kW COP 4.3 (A7/W35)
• THERMA V 7kW COP 3.12 (A-7/W45)
0.05 • Electrical Heating COP 1
• Oil/Gas Boiler COP 0.9
0.043 0.042
0.031

0.00

Gas Boiler Oil Boiler Electrical Heating

The TRUE all-in-one Monobloc

True all-in-one as all of the key components are in the outdoor unit.
Electric heater, expansion tank, plate heat exchanger and A-class water pump. Providing simplicity to the installer, no refrigerant piping, less time spent
on site and easy access by removal of the front panel for future maintenance and space saving and lower noise for the end user (due to all components
being situated in the outdoor unit).

Product Durability

All of LG’s outdoor units come complete with Gold Fin™ anti-corrosive acryl resin treatment on the aluminium heat exchanger coil. Gold Fin™ is long
lasting, durable and makes the outdoor unit look prestigious, extending the product life.
Not having to apply additional coating will again save on installers time and costs. Therma V is ideal for properties in coastal areas.

Therma V Selection Program

A simple selection program producing professional reports with as much or as little information as required, providing end users with estimated cost and
energy savings. The Therma V selection program includes MCS sizing rules for air-to-water heat pumps with design criteria -1.8ºC, London.
Enables the user to select the right unit to produce the correct heat output at a chosen location.

General Considerations

Placing your outdoor air-to-water heat pump unit:
• If a sunroof is built over the unit preventing direct sunlight or rain exposure, make sure that heat radiation from the heat exchanger is not restricted

• Take weight of the unit into account – the surface of the ground or the structure must be strong enough to bear the weight

• Ensure there is adequate space around the front, back and sides of the unit

• Do not place animals or plants in the direct path of warm air from the unit

• Select a place where noise and vibration are minimal

LG MV - Mobile Service & Monitoring

Features and efficiencies are important in any product, but LG also pride themselves on the flexibility of products that support
the engineers looking after the equipment. LG MV is a monitoring tool used to interface with LG systems, for diagnosis and
operation monitoring, LG MV mobile is a flexible solution that allows a point to point WiFi connection to mobile devices.
Exactly the same as LG internal engineer’s use, the mobile version used with LG equipment offers a complete commissioning,
setup and data recording from a hands-free approach.
Allowing engineers an insight into LG systems with minimal effort.

LG Air Conditioning & Energy Solutions Tel : 01932 331400

Velocity 2

Brooklands Drive @LGUK_B2B

Brooklands Email : [email protected]

Weybridge KT13 0SL Website : partner.lge.com/uk

nVent RAYCHEM Underfloor Heating - Product Selection - 83

Self-Regulating Technology - How does it work? Product Data Sheets

Self-regulating systems, also known as “Intelligent” heating systems, have Full product specification and data sheets are available at:
the ability to adjust their power (and temperature) output dependent on the
ambient temperature. Therefore in colder ambient conditions, more heat is www.nventthermal.co.uk/design-tools/online-tools/engineering-toolbox
produced and vice versa. The technology also allows temperature variances
within a single zone of underfloor heating.

Example: A self-regulating floor heating system is installed. The floor finish
is wood. In an area of the room, a thick rug is placed over the floor. The
self-regulating system will reduce its power under the rug, but maintain the
required temperature in the surrounding floor. This removes the risk of
overheating the floor and damaging sensitive natural floor finishes.

Selecting Underfloor Heating System

Select the right underfloor heating system using the table below:

Overfloor Area T2 Product Extra Features

Tiles Dry Areas T2Reflecta Adjusts heat output
(Kitchen, Entrance, Living Room, Energy saving
Bedroom) Even heating distribution

T2Red Adjusts heat output

T2QuickNet-90 For renovation (thin extra layer)

T2QuickNet-Plus-160 For renovation (thin extra layer)
For fast heat-up or poorly insulated under floors

T2Blue-10W Pre-terminated, flexible & robust heating cable
For flexible design

T2Blue-20W Pre-terminated, flexible & robust heating cable
For fast heat-up requirements

CeraPro Ultra thin (3mm) & robust heating cable for undertile applications
For installation directly into tile adhesive (thin profile installation)
Excellent for renovation projects

Wet Areas T2QuickNet-90 For renovation (thin extra layer)
(Bathroom) T2QuickNet-Plus-160
For renovation (thin extra layer)
For fast heat-up, higher temperature or poorly insulated under floors

T2Red Adjusts heat output

T2Blue-10W Pre-terminated, flexible & robust heating cable

For flexible design

T2Blue-20W Pre-terminated, flexible & robust heating cable
For fast heat-up requirements

CeraPro Ultra thin (3mm) & robust heating cable for undertile applications
For installation directly into tile adhesive (thin profile installation)
Excellent for renovation projects

Wood/Laminate/Plastic/Carpet Dry Areas T2Reflecta Adjusts heat output
Energy saving
Even heating distribution

T2Red Adjusts heat output

Power Output Requirements Free Project Design Service

Selecting the power output of a system requires several considerations: Our design software will provide key information for your client and contractor:

• Heat losses for the area to be heated • Complete bill of materials

• Floor finish i.e. wood, tile, laminate, etc • Installation plan (2D & 3D version)

• Is this system the sole source of heating or complementary to an • Product part numbers for easy quotation
existing system? • Circuit sizes & layout

Call free on 0800 969013 to confirm the optimum output for your application. • Heat outputs per area

For a FREE complete technical and design brochure call 0800 969013 (Please mention that you have seen the Architectural Notebook)

nVent UK Limited Tel : 0800 969 013

3 Rutherford Road Fax : 0800 968 624

Stephenson Industrial Estate

Washington Email : [email protected]

Tyne & Wear NE37 3HX Website : www.nVent.com/RAYCHEM

84 - Heat Pumps for Heating Achieving High Efficiency in New Builds

Meeting Legislation The domestic Ecodan range now includes a new 4kW unit designed
specifically to meet the demands of modern homebuilding techniques.
Ecodan®, the award-winning air source heat pump system, provides
domestic and commercial heating and hot water, cutting annual fuel bills The unique design of the Ecodan QUHZ air source heat pump delivers
and CO2 emissions. Ecodan harvests renewable energy from the outdoor efficient hot water, whilst still providing renewable heating to answer the
air and upgrades it to provide heating and hot water for homes. high hot water, low heating requirement of highly insulated homes.

Clearly A++ More Efficient Heating Solution Commercial Heating

The Ecodan range has been given an A++ rating under the new Energy Designed specifically for use in commercial properties, our larger
Related Products (ErP) directive. ErP means that all space and water renewable air source and ground source Ecodan products (CAHV and
heaters will need to display an energy label, which will help both CRHV) use proven heat pump technology to deliver effective, low carbon
residential and commercial customers identify the most energy-efficient heating, providing a simple solution that can replace traditional systems.
products on the market and brings heating products into line with other
energy consuming goods, such as fridges and washing machines. Heating accounts for more than half of the total energy consumed by an
average commercial property, so this is the obvious area to target to make
These labels will show the efficiency ranging from the most efficient A++ the required difference.
to the least efficient G and will be clearly marked with coloured bars; from
green (the most efficient) all the way down to red (least efficient). The The products are now proving themselves in schools, offices, factories,
details on the label will identify the efficiency band for heating and where showrooms, agriculture and in almost any situation calling for reliable,
relevant, hot water production, and if applicable, noise, emissions and renewable heating. Ecodan is not only providing the heating for the Rhino
power consumption. For heat pumps, they will also indicate the three Pool at Edinburgh Zoo, it is also being used to deliver community heating
different climate zones within Europe, which is important because the UK to the multi award-winning Kingston Heights project, which sees 132
is split between all three of these zones. apartments and a 142-bedroom hotel get their renewable heating from
the River Thames.
Meeting Mass Market Needs
Ecodan units can work on their own or together in a highly efficient
The fifth generation of Ecodan includes a completely new range of cascade system that modulates how many units operate to match
cylinders using a completely new way of heating the water in domestic capacity required. Systems can also work in conjunction with existing
situations, with a plate heat exchanger and patented Scale-Stop heating systems in a Hybrid solution which chooses which form of heating
technology to eliminate the effect of limescale. All the developments have to use to deliver the best efficiency on any given day.
focused on improving hot water recovery efficiency and time, and ease
of installation and use. Ecodan Heat Pumps

The new Ultra Quiet Ecodan unit has been designed to satisfy domestic Unlike many other air source heat pumps, Ecodan’s advanced inverter
premises permitted development standards (MCS020), and the market controls regulate the energy consumption to ensure that Ecodan only
leading low noise levels virtually eliminate the need for planning consumes the exact energy needed at any given time to give a constant
permission and maximises installation options. supply of hot water and heating.

Mitsubishi Electric has also introduced remote energy monitoring on This also makes Ecodan super quiet – reflected in the fact that it has
every Ecodan that leaves the factory, with the company believing that received the official backing of the Noise Abatement Society which has
this is key to demonstrating the effectiveness of heat pumps and helping awarded a ‘Quiet Mark’ of approval to the domestic heating product.
homeowners qualify for incentive payments.
Accredited under the Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS)
The range offers three different options for homeowners: Ecodan offers buildings a viable, low carbon alternative to gas and oil
heating that will also reduce running costs.
Standard Level which is pre-installed at the factory, offering remote
energy monitoring using partial estimation of energy use; Specifically designed for the UK, Ecodan is as ‘plug and play’ as possible,
with quiet, inverter control to regulate energy consumption.
Level Two which includes the addition of an electric meter;

Level Three which adds a Metering and Monitoring Service Package
(MMSP) heat meter, enabling homeowners to receive an additional RHI
payment of £230 per year for seven years.

Low temperature renewable heat energy
recovered from the environment

Electrical 2.2kW High
Power Temperature
Heat
1kW Pump 3.2kW

Mitsubishi Electric Tel : 01707 282880
Travellers Lane
Hatfield @meuk_les
Hertfordshire Email : [email protected]
AL10 8XB Website : les.mitsubishielectric.co.uk

Air Conditioning, Ventilation & Controls - 85

Building the UK’s Greener Future With the addition of the Climaveneta range to the Mitsubishi Electric
portfolio, the company can offer a comprehensive line-up of customisable
Radical change to how we produce and consume energy is required; and packages to aid design, specification, installation and ongoing operation.
not just because our national fossil-fuel supplies are dwindling, along with
our energy independence. Other key drivers, from climate change and IT Cooling
fuel poverty, to Government legislation and increasing consumer
pressure, are at work too. The good news is that many of the solutions Complex IT Environments are often characterised by variable cooling
are affordable, scalable and available now. loads, which require a high cooling capacity at full load in order to allow
the IT equipment to operate correctly when it is most needed. Our IT
City Multi VRF Cooling range makes it possible to keep temperature and humidity
constant even with very wide load variations, ensuring the correct room
The market-leading City Multi range not only has high seasonal conditions all year round.
efficiencies, it can also allow operators to optimise control of their system
based on either heating demand or energy efficiency with the new High Lossnay Mechanical Heat Recovery Ventilation
Performance Heating and COP Priority modes.
Lossnay’s simultaneous air exhaust to air supply heat transfer element
Seasonal performance looks at a more realistic system operation over a provides effective ventilation with total heat recovery (sensible and latent),
heating (SCOP) and cooling (SEER) season and can be used to calculate providing a comfortable air temperature and environment within the room.
annual CO2 emissions and system running cost figures. The better the The energy saved by using Lossnay contributes towards lowering the
seasonal performance, the larger reduction in CO2 emissions the system running costs of air conditioning and minimising the size of air conditioning
can offer. systems needed.

High performance heating mode runs the system with the priority of Both residential and commercial Lossnay systems are available and
maintaining higher heating capacity at lower ambient temperatures, which Mitsubishi Electric has a new range of highly efficient packaged air
is ideal for the UK climate. If the system is required to work as efficiently handling units (the Wizard) for optimised, multi-zone climate control,
as possible, then COP priority mode can be selected. In addition to this, combined with simpler installation and greater control, meaning that there
the range offers 8 additional sizes from the previous range and a new is an energy efficient ventilation solution for any type of building application.
larger frame XL module for improved efficiency.
Advanced Controls & Internet Access
R32 Hybrid VRF - Less Refrigerant - BS EN 378
Mitsubishi Electric’s controls package is one of the strongest controls
The R32 Hybrid VRF range combines the best elements of chiller systems product ranges on the market and includes the widest range of BEMS
and VRF technology to offer even more choice. Using water to transfer interfaces in the industry, including BACnet, Modbus, LonWorks and
heating or cooling within the building, Hybrid VRF delivers chiller levels Trend for both VRF and split systems.
of comfort with VRF levels of efficiency and flexibility. The system utilises
a unique Hybrid branch controller box to provide simultaneous heating The company has also developed sector-specific controls solutions with
and cooling in a simplified, two-pipe design. the Melcotel Hotel Interface. Melcotel is a unique product which can
control up to 250 hotel rooms, both with or without the integration of a
R32 Hybrid VRF operates without using refrigerant in occupied spaces, key card system.
removing the need for leak detection equipment and allowing more
properties to take advantage of phased installation through the system's The controller offers functionality such as night setback, temperature
modular design. adjustment and window contact control, all of which provide a higher level
of control, therefore more energy saving and a reduction in running costs.
Split System Air Conditioning The AE200 centralised controller offers a large 9-inch touchscreen display
with easy control of up to 50 indoor units. The controller offers features
The 2014 F-Gas Regulations have one key objective: to reduce F-Gas such as annual and weekly schedules, night setback, optimised start and
emissions by 79% between 2015 and 2030, by cutting the availability of refrigerant status function to name a few.
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with a high Global Warming Potential (GWP).

Already making up 50% of the existing R410A refrigerant found in many
current air conditioning systems, R32 has a GWP of 675 (one third of
R410A), is highly energy efficient and is easy to recycle. Plus, the
volumetric capacity of R32 is around 20% higher than R410A, which
means system refrigerant volumes are lower.

Low GWP R32 refrigerant is now being utilised in our newest, state-of-
the-art M Series and Mr Slim products.

A Modern Update to Chillers

With increasing pressure on energy efficiency and running costs,
Mitsubishi Electric’s new e-series modular chiller range provides a
low-carbon, cost effective option.

Comprising Cooling Only, Heat Pump and Heating Only models, the
range combines high efficiency and reduced plant space with a unique
modular approach. Each module can be positioned in a row of up to six
connected units using the same internal header to provide a system
capacity of 1080kW.

For larger systems, it is possible to have the units facing each other with
a gap of only 900mm service space.

Mitsubishi Electric Tel : 01707 282880
Travellers Lane
Hatfield @meuk_les
Hertfordshire Email : [email protected]
AL10 8XB
Website : les.mitsubishielectric.co.uk

86 - Energy Savings Using Radiant Heat

The most important consideration when choosing a heating and cooling 4. System Temperatures
system is energy efficiency. Zehnder radiant heating and cooling systems
can save more than 40% in energy compared to other systems – all with The future of heating is in the low-temperature field. These systems use
a pleasant indoor climate. less energy and the energy that they do use is used very efficiently. Heat
• Save energy by achieving a higher perceived temperature than the transfer systems that work using radiant heat and have a low storage mass
are ideally suited to low-temperature systems.
actual room temperature Zehnder ceiling-mounted heating and cooling systems are a perfect
example of this. Requiring very low flow temperatures is important,
• Even temperature distribution across the full height of the room especially when pumping heat. For example, if you use a heat transfer
system that runs at a flow temperature of 50ºC, you will use around 90%
• Very high heat output to EN 14037 more energy than with a system that runs a flow temperature of 30ºC.

• Short heating & cooling time Sample Calculations

• Free choice of energy source including alternative energies, heat The energy saving potential of over 40% can be demonstrated and
pumps, condensing appliance technology or process waste heat determined more precisely in accordance with DIN V 18599.
As an example, we will use a comparison between radiant ceiling panels
• No additional power costs for propulsion energy and air heaters.
The energy costs are mainly dependent on the type of system and the Boundary Conditions: Hall height 20m, room temperature regulation for
energy source. The biggest cost factor is the inefficient distribution of heat both systems via PI regulations, air distribution at a normal induction rate,
within the room. Zehnder ZBN radiant ceiling panels are particularly efficient lateral air outlet.
and achieve energy savings of over 40%. Numerous facilities equipped
with Zehnder provide proof of this, day after day. Basic Information: Calculation formula under DIN V 18599

1. Human Temperature Perception

Human perception of temperature is the arithmetic mean of the indoor air
temperature and the surface temperature e.g. of the walls, ceiling and floor.
Due to the radiation and hence the higher surface temperature of
ceiling-mounted cooling and heating systems, the indoor air temperature
during heating can be kept lower, can be higher during cooling and can
still be perceived as pleasant. Energy costs are reduced, both when heating
and when cooling, due to the lower or higher air temperature.

2. Heat Distribution up to Ceiling Height

Whereas with air heating systems the heated air rises, radiant ceiling
panels generate heat whereby the heat radiation comes into contact with
objects (walls, floors and people). This results in an even temperature
distribution throughout the entire room at ceiling level and therefore a
considerably lower energy consumption.
Although the perceived temperature remains the same, the actual indoor
air temperature can be up to 3K lower (for heating) or higher (for cooling).
The consequential smaller difference between indoor air temperature and
outdoor temperature means that heat loss is dramatically reduced.

3. Reaction Time & Controllability

Buildings are becoming increasingly well insulated and thus need less and
less energy. Even small variations in the heat load can result in major
temperature fluctuations. The result is that users manually intervene in the
system and remove the excess heat from the room e.g. via ventilation.
The conclusion from this is that systems are required that can react quickly
to changes in the heat load or temperature fluctuations in a room – systems
with a rapid reaction time and a very good controllability.

Test Series

To simulate the miscellaneous inertias of various systems, tests were
carried out using a radiant ceiling panel, an underfloor heating system and
an active building system. All systems were cooled to a surface temperature
of 17ºC. The systems were then subjected to the same mass flow and the
same flow temperature until each system had achieved a surface
temperature of approximately 35ºC.
For example, a conference room is heated to 20ºC in the winter. The
participants enter the room and give off body heat. This, plus additional
heat loads from lighting, projectors, computers, etc makes the temperature
of the room rise. The result is that in order to quickly bring the sharply
increased room temperature back down to the desired 20ºC, the windows
are opened – and precious energy is wasted.

Zehnder Group UK Ltd Tel : 01276 605800
Concept House Zehnder Group UK Ltd
Watchmoor Point
Camberley @Zehnder_UK
Surrey GU15 3AD Email : [email protected]

Website : www.zehnder.co.uk

Underfloor Heating & Ice / Snow Melting - 87

Specifying the correct Electric Underfloor Heating System

Product Product Description Major Benefits Most Suitable For
Code

PKM-110 110W/m² heating mats Low loading requirement, fast to fit, Lifetime Direct acting low output heating mats designed for well insulated properties.
Warranty, BEAB approved

PKM-160 160W/m² heating mats Suitable for nearly any floor covering, fast to Direct acting universal heating mats suitable for any floor surface once

fit, Lifetime Warranty, BEAB approved covered with a latex screed/levelling compound.

PKM-200 200W/m² heating mats Fast reacting, fast to fit, Lifetime Warranty, Direct acting high output heating mats suitable for tile and stone finishes
BEAB approved where an exceptionally fast warm up time is desired

CBM-150 150W/m² CBM mats No need for wet trade, earth shielded for Direct acting heating mat for installation directly beneath floating laminate and
safety, fast to fit, Lifetime Warranty engineered board floors without the need for wet trade. Suitable for carpet
and vinyl when used with Combymat overlay boards.

PKC-3.0 3mm undertile heating cable The ultimate in flexibility, design your perfect Ultra thin undertile heating cable most suitable for small or complicated areas.
output

PKC-6.0 Red in-screed heating cable Incredibly cost effective, quick to install, any Incredibly cost effective and quick to install robust heating cable for use
output possible, 15 Year Warranty beneath screeds.

Over 300 sizes available, bespoke Simple to fit mirror demister units to ensure mirrors remain steam free.
MRH-XXX Mirror demister units - 240V specifications possible, simple to install,

BEAB approved

M12-XXX Mirror demister units - 12V Low voltage, many sizes available, bespoke Low voltage, simple to fit mirror demister units to ensure mirrors remain steam
specifications possible, simple to install free.

All underfloor heating systems are suitable to provide a sole source heating system and all are IP rated for use in wet areas, with the exception of the CBM system.
All systems are made in Western Europe and can be controlled by Heat Mat’s wide range of WiFi-enabled, programmable and manual thermostat timers.

Product Data Sheets

Product data sheets are available from www.heatmat.co.uk for underfloor heating and www.iceandsnowsystems.co.uk for ice
and snow melting.
Our products are listed on RIBA Product Selector and within the NBS Plus library of clauses for project specifications.

Ramp, Driveway & Walkway Heating

Heat Mat provides a wide variety of bespoke and off-the-shelf systems for ice and snow melting under all external surfaces. The main applications include
ramp heating, driveway and walkway heating, disabled access and pedestrian areas.
Please contact Heat Mat for a technical consultation. Our technical experts will work with you to prepare a suitable specification and design to meet your
requirements. Installation support is provided FOC where required.

Gutter & Drainage Protection

Gutter heating systems enable water to drain away in all temperatures and prevent dangerous icicles forming, damaging the building structure or the
property below.

Ice & Snow Melting Thermostats & Sensors

A wide variety of DIN rail mounted thermostats are available to automatically control ice and snow melting systems and many include moisture sensors
to ensure the ultimate in energy efficiency.

Heat Mat Ltd Tel : 01444 247020
Ashwyn Business Centre Fax : 01444 247121
Marchants Way
Burgess Hill @HeatMatLimited
West Sussex RH15 8QY Email : [email protected]
Website : www.heatmat.co.uk

88 - Moulded Resin Products

Moulded - Fabricated from Sheet material - Combined Sheet & Moulded

Kerrock, moulded and fabricated, are distributed, fabricated or a combination of the two by C&B Systems. Kerrock Aluminium Hydroxide and Acrylic Resin
products offer beauty combined with strength and performance.

Bathroom/Kitchen Hotels Healthcare/Schools

Custom Kitchen Sink - Fabricated Vanity Unit - Fabricated Multi-Faith & Wudu Unit - Fabricated

Two-Tone Free Standing Bath - Moulded Vanity Unit - Fabricated & Moulded Vanity Trough - Fabricated

Dished Free Standing Bath - Moulded Basin with Cabinet - Moulded Basin Combination Vanity Trough - Fabricated

Low Shower Tray - Moulded Vanity Drainer - Fabricated Wash Trough - Fabricated

Vanity Unit with Cabinet - Fabricated Vanity Basin - Moulded Wash Trough - Fabricated

C&B Systems Tel : 020 8977 2968

Water Solutions Centre Fax : 020 8943 9735

25 Church Road Email : [email protected]

Teddington Website : www.candbsystems.com

TW11 8PF e-commerce shop : www.brightwashrooms.co.uk

Water Solutions, Hospitals, School & Safety First - 89

Safe Water - Scalding Safe Washrooms - Legionella

Hospitals and schools should run the hot water at or above 60ºC up-stream of the TMV3 valves correctly positioned and fitted using a controlled water delivery system
appliance (at 60ºC scalding will occur). significantly reduces the risk of infection of legionella.

At point of delivery, water should be below 41ºC. Thermostatic valves are used to Hot 40º max Cold TMV3 Thermostatic Valve with
ensure this happens. Cold Water Continuing Filter

C&B Systems’ extensive experience with hospitals and schools has enabled C&B Cold CBS-HI5-24B
Systems to develop a Safe Water Delivery System for hospitals and schools. TMV3 valve with isolation
Filtration & fourth connection
Taps, sinks and a TMV3 valve positioned correctly combine to enable up-stream
water to be maintained at 60ºC or above, while reducing the temperature at the Hot 60º TMV3 Fitted
point of delivery to 41ºC or lower, which ensures the child is not scalded. to Basin

Hospital Products with HBN 00-10 Codes

TP5 CBS20025 CBS3640700 CBS36240001
Basin taps, ½” Remote control Europlus E Infrared electronic
for all Grohe sensor taps wash basin thermostat, 1/2″
Hot ¼ turn ceramic valve Mousseur (HP)
CBS29094000
Sistra flow straightener Grohtherm Special Thermostatic shower
With hot (red) & cold (blue) caps mixer set for final installation for GROHE
Rapido T 35 500 000 without concealed
Lever length 100mm body escutcheon and shaft sealing
covered connections ergonomic metal
Min.recommended pressure 0.1 bar wing handles temperature scale handle
(matching TBH1) with internal safety stop between 35°C
and 43°C integrated mixed water shut off metal temperature
TP3 CBS30978 Cold CBS30979 Hot CBS34041L0 safety stop easy thermal disinfection by optional temperature
Sink pillar tap, ½” Single control DOB Shower mixer ½” unlocking handle 47 994 000 GROHE StarLight chrome
¼ turn ceramic valve Thermostatic suitable for high/low pressure finish GROHE SafetyPlus fixed temperature stop
Cold mousseur aerator (HP) Concealed brass body & trim set
With hot (red) & cold Factory set max temperature 41ºC
(blue) caps Combined flow & temperature control
Lever length 150mm Recommended pressure 0.1-5.0 bar
Min.recommended
TBH2 CBS32795
CBS19408000 Single-lever basin mixer, ceramic
Basin mixer cartridge Opens cold through to warm
½” wall mounted
Min. pressure 1 bar

TP6 CBS32789 & CBS116641 Cast spout with flow straightener 9 l/min CBS35050000
Single-lever basin mixer Lever length 170mm 200mm projection GROHE Rapido T Universal
Monobloc Installation Adjustable flow rate Temperature limiter thermostatic mixer for concealed
limiter Min. pressure 1 bar Cast spout with Min. recommended pressure 0.5 bar installation for use with bath-,
flow straightener 9 l/min With rigid shower- and central mixer without
chrome, copper or stainless steel flexible TM1 CBS28438001 finishing trim set easy to install,
tails Hand Shower Tempesta premounted and tested unit
Dual Spray Shower rail 600 mm GROHE TurboStat compact
CBS36333000 Shower hose 1500 mm cartridge with wax thermoelement
Eurosmart Cosmopolitan E Infra-red GROHE DreamSpray® perfect spray pattern high flow rate up to 53 l/min. by use
electronic Wash Basin mixer with GROHE StarLight® chrome finish of three outlets at the same time two top outlets 1/2",
thermostatic temperature control SpeedClean anti-limescale system lockable bottom outlet 1/2" can be used only with separate
Laminar mousseur 9 l/min non-return Inner WaterGuide for a longer life stop valve safe to install, stable built-in-box and protective
valve - dirt strainers temperature Min. recommended pressure 0.1 bar cap fixation options for solid walls and dry cladding material
scale handle with GROHE SafeStop safety stop at 38°C for wall sealing included Aquadimmer-diverter for bath
Swivel cast spout CBS28671 mixer or stop valve for shower mixer in finishing trim set
Projection 255mm - swivel range stop at 130°, lockable, Shower outlet elbow ½” body in DR-brass built-in non return valves and dirt strainers
auto flush, thermal disinfection, cleaning mode Male thread GROHE EcoJoy technology for less water and perfect flow
min. recommended pressure 1.0 bar
TM1
CBS28422001 CBS34681000
Speed Clean technology
Shock proof due to protective Grohtherm Special Thermostatic shower mixer 1/2" wall
high impact silicon ring
Min. recommended pressure 0.1 mounted ergonomic
bar
metal wing handles
TBH6
TPP1 CBS36271000 CBS36252 Sensor Spout ceramic headparts 1/2",
140mm projection
Euroeco Cosmopolitan E Infra - red electronic Roughing inset is required, 90° GROHE TurboStat
36264000
basin tap without mixing device with infrared Min. pressure 1 bar compact cartridge with

sensor for bi-directional communication for wax thermoelement

monitoring, configuration and servicing for cold temperature scale handle

or premixed water 6 V lithium-battery, type with internal safety stop between 35°C and 43°C easy

CR-P2 battery lifetime: approx. 7 years (150 thermal disinfection by optional temperature unlocking

actuations a day) GROHE StarLight finish GROHE EcoJoy handle 47 994 000 integrated mixed water shut off shower

mousseur 5.7 l/min flexible connection hoses dirt strainers bottom outlet 1/2" with integrated non return valve metal

external solenoid valve external battery rapid installation system temperature safety stop dirt strainers without S-unions and

multistage battery status display 7 pre-set programs: auto flush covers GROHE Quickfix for fast exchange of non return

thermal disinfection cleaning mode additional functions and valves in connections GROHE CoolTouch safety housing

precise settings by remote control 36 407 CE GROHE StarLight chrome finish GROHE SafetyPlus fixed

approved noise classification I in accordance temperature stop

with DIN 4109 type of protection faucet IP 59K

min. recommended pressure 1.0 bar

C&B Systems can offer solutions for Hospital, Hotel, Education, Leisure & Office. For further information contact:

C&B Systems Tel : 020 8977 2968

Water Solutions Centre Fax : 020 8943 9735

25 Church Road Email : [email protected]

Teddington Website : www.candbsystems.com

TW11 8PF e-commerce shop : www.brightwashrooms.co.uk

90 - C&B Systems Ceramic Options

Bau Ceramic - WC Back to Wall Bau Ceramic - Basins Euro Ceramic - WCs

CBS39430000 CBS39440000 CBS39339000
Bauline Floor Standing WC Bau Ceramic Wash Basin 55 Euro Ceramic Floor Standing

Wash down, rimless Wall hung Back to Wall WC
Horizontal outlet One hole punched with Universal trap for horizontal & vertical
outlet back to wall. GROHE Triple Vortex
Flush volume 6/3 l overflow flushing technology, rimless, flush volume
Including fixation set 553 x 386 mm 5/3 l including fixation set. Vitreous china
Vitreous china
Vitreous china fully skirted with invisible fixation.
Optional: PureGuard anti-drip coating
CBS39434000 CBS39421000
Bau Ceramic WC Seat Bau Ceramic Wash Basin 60 & anti-bacterial glazing (00H)

With detachable lid Wall hung CBS39330000
Material: Duroplast One hole punched with overflow Euro Ceramic WC Seat
Including fixation set
609 x 442 mm With lid, soft close,
Vitreous china detachable quick release function
Material: Duroplast including fixation set
CBS38858000 CBS39426000
Arena Cosmopolitan Flush Plate Bau Ceramic Half Pedestal CBS39338000
For dual flush or start & stop actuation Euro Ceramic Floor Standing
For pneumatic discharge valve AV1 Including fixation set
Horizontal installation 156 x 197 mm Vitreous china 2 Piece WC
Close coupled, universal trap for
Made of ABS CBS39425000
GROHE StarLight chrome finish Bau Ceramic Full Pedestal horizontal & vertical outlet.
GROHE Triple Vortex flushing
GROHE EcoJoy technology Including fixation set technology, rimless, flush volume 5/3 l,
for less water & perfect flow Vitreous china including fixation set. Cistern to be
ordered separately. Vitreous china. Fully
CBS38422000 CBS39424000 skirted with invisible fixation. Optional:
Flushing Cistern for WC Bau Ceramic Hand Rinse Basin 45 PureGuard anti-drip coating & anti-

6-9 l adjustable, Wall hung bacterial glazing (00H)
concealed installation One hole punched with overflow
0.82 m installation height CBS39332000
Dual flush discharge valve, 453 x 354 mm Euro Ceramic Exposed
pneumatic front or top actuation Vitreous china
Water supply from left/right or top Flushing Cistern
Low noise (group I according to Euro Ceramic Basins Bottom inlet
German Noise Specification)
Insulated against condensation CBS339336000 Inlet & outlet concealed
415 x 410 x 360 mm Euro Ceramic Wash Basin 55 Including flushing set with dual
½" water supply connection
fixing brackets, flush pipe Wall hung flush Including fixation set
Short-able inspection One hole punched with overflow Vitreous china
shaft including protection
during construction phase 550 x 450 mm CBS39206000
without flush plate/actuation Vitreous china Euro Ceramic Wall Hung Compact WC
GROHE EcoJoy technology Optional: PureGuard
for less water & perfect flow anti-drip coating & For concealed cistern, horizontal outlet
anti-bacterial glazing (00H) GROHE Triple Vortex
Other Options
CBS39201000 flushing technology, rimless,
CBS39428000 Euro Ceramic Semi Pedestal flush volume 5/3 l, 49 cm width
Bau Ceramic Floor Standing WC for Including fixation set. Vitreous china
for Wash Basin Fully skirted with invisible fixation
Close Coupled Combination Invisible fixation set Optional: PureGuard anti-drip coating &
Wash down
Boxed rim Vitreous china anti-bacterial glazing (00H)

Horizontal outlet CBS39202000 CBS38772001
Flush volume 6/3 l Euro Ceramic Full Pedestal Rapid SL 3-in-1 Set for WC, 1.13 m Installation Height
Including fixation set
Cistern to be ordered separately for Wash Basin with flushing cistern GD 2
Invisible fixation set consisting of:
Vitreous china
Vitreous china Rapid SL element for WC (38 528 001)
CBS39436000 Skate Cosmopolitan flush plate, chrome (38 732 000)
Bau Ceramic
Exposed Flushing Cistern Rapid SL wall brackets (38 558 00M)

Bottom inlet
Inlet and outlet concealed

Including flushing set
Vitreous china

CBS39433000 CBS40824000
Bau Ceramic Wall Hung Bidet Waste Set With Push-Open Plug
One hole punched with overflow
For wash basins with overflow
Vitreous china Removable plug
Closeable

C&B Systems can offer solutions for Hospital, Hotel, Education, Leisure & Office. For further information contact:

C&B Systems Tel : 020 8977 2968

Water Solutions Centre Fax : 020 8943 9735

25 Church Road Email : [email protected]

Teddington Website : www.candbsystems.com

TW11 8PF e-commerce shop : www.brightwashrooms.co.uk

Vacuum Drainage Technology - 91

Applications & Advantages Health & Hygiene

The building sector has been slow to move to vacuum drainage technology, Unlike conventional toilets which permit bacteria and odours to enter the
but with the confines placed on new projects such as small conduit and atmosphere, the Evac toilet takes out up to 100 litres of air on each flush,
service ducts and the growing awareness of the need to limit water removing viruses, bacteria and odours from the bowl and into the system.
consumption, the system is now finding a place in the building sector. As This cycle of air will keep the toilet accommodation fresh, enhancing
the system is capable of lifting sewage from appliances such as WCs and hygiene and personal comfort within washrooms. As the complete pipe
running in voids above these appliances, the system offers the designer work system is held under a vacuum, it is impossible for infestations or rats
greater flexibility and freedom to position appliances where most suitable to live and breed in the drainage. Every Evac system, when installed, is a
for the building. closed loop. This is particularly important where an organisation requires
The Evac Vacuum Toilet System could not be simpler. Instead of relying waste to be contained if contamination is considered high risk e.g. hospitals,
on traditional solutions which use the principle of gravity to remove waste research facilities and prisons.
and are heavily reliant on the location of service cores and outgoing sewer
connections, the Evac system creates a powerful vacuum to flush the toilet Water Savings & Energy Consumption
which works like this...
Water and energy consumption will be dependent on the size, type and
Once the flush button is pushed, a pneumatic signal is sent to the control use of the building and its vacuum drainage system. Evac systems are
mechanism which opens the discharge valve by allowing a vacuum from very environmentally friendly – one of the biggest savings on natural
the pipework system to enter the discharge valve diaphragm, thus resources is the dramatic reduction in water consumption. A conventional
connecting the bowl to the vacuum system. Air at atmospheric pressure toilet consumes between 4.5 and 6 litres of water every time it is flushed.
then forces sewage through the discharge valve and into the piping. The Evac toilet typically uses just over one litre of water per flush – 1/6 of
that used by a conventional toilet. Using less water will bring significant
The water valve is opened, and pressurised rinse water cleans the bowl cost savings as water rates rise and as Evac toilets have very low water
simultaneously. The whole consumption, the actual amount of sewage produced is also reduced,
operation is performed using helping to ease the burden on overloaded public sewage plants. Vacuum
just vacuum – NO electrical retention tanks can also be discharged during off-peak periods.
connections are required.
Total Water Cycle
Evac toilets can be re-
flushed more than 4 times When considering a vacuum toilet system and comparing it against a
faster than conventional gravity system, you must compare the complete water cycle. There is a
gravity toilets; on average, saving in both the cost and power by bringing less water into your building.
an Evac toilet will take 5 If that water must be stored in the building, then the use of vacuum toilets
seconds to complete a flush will reduce the size of any storage tanks, freeing up valuable floor space
cycle as there is no toilet or reducing excavations for underground tanks. If the tanks are to be sited
cistern to refill. at the top of the building, the structural requirements of the building can
also be reduced.
Evac systems also reduce leakage problems. The problem of leakage due
to pipe fracture is reduced – as a vacuum exits throughout the system, any Once your water is in the building, you will have to move the water around
leakage is directed inward rather than outward. it. The larger the building, the more power will be consumed in this process,
so the small amount of water that you must move, the less power you will
Whilst the Evac vacuum toilet is an integral part of the system, the system need to consume.
will also accept waste from all other gravity fixtures, including wash basins,
baths and showers using a Vacuum Interface Valve which is similar in After the water has been used to flush a toilet, it must be disposed of. In
operation to the Evac vacuum toilet. The manually operated push button large buildings with conventional gravity toilets, this can mean several
is replaced by an activator which is triggered when a static head has been sewage pumping stations located around the building to get the sewage
built up in the grey water tank. from the building into the main sewer. By consuming less water, the vacuum
toilet system also produces less sewage. The flexibility of a vacuum
The whole operation is automatic, and no electrical connections are drainage system means that all the sewage from the building can be
required. The valves allow standard bathroom fittings to be connected to brought back to one location in the building. If the black water is to be
the vacuum drainage system in new build projects and eliminates the need treated in-house then the lower level of sewage will impact on the size and
to replace existing fittings in a refurbishment project. type of sewage treatment plant required, saving costs, space and energy.

Evac gives the building designer complete freedom from the restrictions of The Hospital Club Covent Garden - London
gravity fed plumbing. Bathrooms and toilets do not need to be tied into a
services core but can be located where best suits the design. This building was originally opened in 1749 as the British Lying-In Hospital
and remained one of London’s principle maternity facilities until 1913. It
Increased Design Flexibility became a military hospital during the First World War prior to being sold
for £15,000 in 1919 to St Paul’s Hospital. It remained a medical centre until
Evac toilets can be installed just about anywhere in a building. Pipes are 1992 when the services were transferred to the Middlesex Hospital.
small bore (normally 50-75mm) and can be routed around and even over
obstructions. As they are not reliant on the locations of service cores and The building sat idle and fell into disrepair for over a decade until in 2004
do not need vent stacks, design flexibility is maximised. Anywhere you can after a collaboration between Dave Stewart from the musical group The
imagine an Evac toilet system in the design of your new build or Eurythmics & Paul Allen co-founder of Microsoft re-launched it as a hub of
refurbishment project, it can be achieved. creativity - full of people, ideas, music and life. The Hospital Club was born.
The building includes bars, restaurants, meeting rooms and a full TV studio
Evac systems are not dependent on gravity; therefore waste pipes do not where many main stream TV shows are filmed. In 2014 and due to its
need to slope downwards which means that Evac toilets can flush along success, the club decided to convert one of the floors that was their admin
the level – even upwards when downward flushing is inconvenient. This centre into a 16-room hotel. The design was to create a variety of rooms
opens a wealth of design opportunities, especially in refurbishment, and two suites. However, with the noise being created from the high energy
extensions and retro-fit projects. produced on the areas below, the floor had to be sound proofed to create
the right ambience for a hotel. Penetrating this floor to allow for gravity
Evac systems give vertical lift of up to 5m, giving unparalleled flexibility in fixtures was not possible, so the public health designer Cudd Bentley
installation. Toilet cubicles, urinals, showers and hand basins can be proposed a vacuum drainage system that would allow the drainage to be
positioned wherever you want, regardless of conventional soil stack lifted to high level and then routed to a pre-built sound protected riser. The
practice. As there is no need to be adjacent to a central soil stack, the vacuum drainage system caters for all 16 rooms draining the toilets, wash
location of toilet accommodation can vary from floor to floor. basins and baths. Evac’s range of interface units allows for shower waste
collection in both the standard and disabled rooms. The Evac vacuum
In speculative buildings, a prospective tenant will often wish to plan the system does not impact on the aesthetics of the room and blends with the
space available in a building to suit its business operation. The Evac system interior designers’ vision.
gives you this extra capability. Final decisions on the floor plan can be
delayed leaving maximum room to manoeuvre and giving the client
maximum flexibility to plan space.

European Vacuum Drainage Systems Tel : 01634 684 779

Unit 35 Lordswood Industrial Estate Fax : 01634 661 510

Gleamingwood Drive @EVDSltd

Chatham Email : [email protected]

Kent ME5 8RZ Website : www.evds.org.uk

92 - Project Team Project Ref No. Fax No.
Site No. Mobile
Project Title Fax No.
Clerk of Works Fax No.
Representative Mobile
Client Position
Address Tel No. Fax No.
Email Mobile
Architect
Address Representative Fax No.
Position Mobile
Quantity Surveyor Tel No.
Address Email Fax No.
Mobile
Structural Engineer Representative
Address Position Fax No.
Tel No. Mobile
Services Consultant Email
Address Fax No.
Representative Mobile
Management/Main Contractor Position
Address Tel No. Fax No.
Email Mobile
Mechanical Sub-Contractor
Address Representative
Position
Electrical Sub-Contractor Tel No.
Address Email

Representative
Position
Tel No.
Email

Representative
Position
Tel No.
Email

Representative
Position
Tel No.
Email

Project Title Project Ref No. Project Team - 93
Clerk of Works Site No.
Fax No. Fax No.
Client Mobile
Address Representative
Position Fax No.
Architect Tel No. Mobile
Address Email
Fax No.
Quantity Surveyor Representative Mobile
Address Position
Tel No. Fax No.
Structural Engineer Email Mobile
Address
Representative Fax No.
Services Consultant Position Mobile
Address Tel No.
Email Fax No.
Management/Main Contractor Mobile
Address Representative
Position Fax No.
Mechanical Sub-Contractor Tel No. Mobile
Address Email
Fax No.
Electrical Sub-Contractor Representative Mobile
Address Position
Tel No.
Email

Representative
Position
Tel No.
Email

Representative
Position
Tel No.
Email

Representative
Position
Tel No.
Email

94 - Addresses & Telephone Numbers

Name Address Number

Addresses & Telephone Numbers - 95

Name Address Number

Telling Lime : Wienerberger : FläktGroup DENCO : Bilco UK : SSQ Natural Slate : SIG Design & Technology : Swish BP : Waterloo Air Products

MTG. DATE TITLE PROJECT REF.
ITEM
ACTION

Technical Literature, Reference Information, Additional Notebooks - visit the website :- www.buildingdesign.co.uk

Catnic : Pilkington UK : VEKA : Selectaglaze : ESG : Cembrit : Ecodek : Wade International : SPC : Construction Specialties : Gilberts (Blackpool)