DNA, Wound Ballistics, & Viscera Management System

Table2

Pathological observations can hint at possible poisoning

Pathological Observation Possible cause

Burns around mouth, lips, nose Acids

Skin of face and neck quite Aniline, nitrobenzene
dark
Severe, unexplained diarrehoea Metals (arsenic, mercury, copper etc.)

Pupil of eye dilated Atropine (Belladona), Seopolamine

Burns around mouth lips, nose Bases (lye, potash, hydroxides)

Odor of disinfectant Carbolic acid or other phenyl

Skin is bright cherry red Carbon monoxide

Quick death, red skin, odor of Cyanide

peach

Vomiting, abdominal pain Food poisoning

Diarrhea, Vomiting Abdominal Metallic compounds

pain

Convulsion Nicotine

Pupil of eye contracted Opiates

Odor of garlic Oxalic acid, Phosphorous

Convulsion Sodium fluoride

51

Table 3

Common analytical techniques in forensic toxicology

Type of Simple mixtures, Analytical Reference
Compound and known Method
Gases compounds Gas Heep>//en.wikipedia.org/wikie/
Volatile and Complex Chromatography Gaschromatography
Compounds mixtures, (GC)
Gases unknown Gas http./en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Volatile compounds Chromatography Gas chromatography-mass
Compounds / Mass spectrometry.
Simple mixtures, Spectrometry
Non volatile known (GC/MS) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
organic compounds High Liquid Chromatography #
compounds Performance High performance liquid
Complex Liquid chromatography 28 HPLC.29.
“ mixtures, Chromatography
unknown (HPLC) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
compounds Liquid Liquid chromatography. Mass
Chromatography spectrometry.
/ Mass
Toxic Metals Spectrometry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
(LC/MS)
Atomic Atomic absorpt on
Absorption
Spectrometry spectroscopy.
(AAS)

52

AVERAGE FATAL DOSE AND FATAL PERIOD OF COMMON CHEMICAL POISONS

Poison Fatal Dose Fatal period

Abrus Precatorious Extract from 0.1 g to 0.15 g. of seeds 3 to 5 days

(by injection)

Acetic Acid 4 ml. and above 1 hour to one day

Aconite 1.0 to 2.0 g. of roots 1 to 5 hours

Alcohol (ethyl) 250 to 500 ml. 1 few hours

Ammonium hydroxide 15 ml. One day

Arecoline Unripe beetle nuts toxic

Arsenic 0.13 g. to 0.20 g. Half to two days.

Aspirin 10 g. to 20 g. A few hours

Atropine 0.1 to 0.2 g. one day

Barbiturate 4 to 29 g. few hours to several days

Benzene 25 ml. few minutes to a few days.

Bitter almond 60 to 80 No. few minutes to a few hours

Cannabis Resin extract toxic

Canthridine 60 mg. crystalline substance A few hours

Carbolic Acid 15 ml. 3 to 4 hours

Carbon monoxide 30 minutes in an

atmosphere

of 1 percent CO.

Caustic alkali 14 g. Within 24 hours

Chloral hydrate 3 to 5 g. A few minutes to a few days.

53

Chloroform Usually 30 ml A few minutes to a few days.
A few minutes to a few days.
Cocaine 0.6 to 1.0 g. 1 to 3 days.
A few days.
Copper sulphate 15 g. Within 24 hours
A few hours to a few days.
Creosote 1.5 ml. and above 2 to 3 hours
One to 7 days.
Dhatura 1.5 g. seeds A few hours to two days.
A few hours
D.D.T. 2 g. onward
2 to 10 minutes
Endrin 0.6 to 1.0 g. A few hours
A few minutes to a few hours
Ergot One day to several days.
A few hours
Formalin 25 ml. to 75 ml. A few hours
A few hours to several days
Gamexene 12 g. 8 to 10 hours
One day to several days.
Heroin 0.2 g. One day to 4 days.
2 to 3 days.
Hydrocyanic acid 40 to 60 mgm. few minutes

Kaner 8 to 10 seeds

Kuchila One seed (powdered)

Lead salts Not known

Madar

Mandrax 5 to 10 g.

Mercury salts 0.2 to 0.5 g.

Morphine 0.20 g. by mouth

Mushrooms Uncertain

Methyl alcohol 30 to 250 ml.

Naphthalene 2 g. and above

Nicotine 0.06 g.

54

Nitric acid 5 to 10 ml. few hours to several days.

Oduvan 450 g. of powdered leaves decoction few hours

Plum One g. crude opium few hours to a few days

Organo Phosphorus insecticides 0.1 to 1.0 g. few hours

Parathion 25-175 mg. few hours

Oxalic acid 4 g. to 16. g. few minutes to a few hours

Potassium permanganate 5 to 7.5 g. few hours to a few days

Potassium Chlorate 10 g. to 12 g. few hours to a few days

Potassium hydroxide 15 g. One day.

Potassium Cyanide 165 mg. and above 30 minutes

Quinine Uncertain few minutes to several day

Salicylic Acid 4 to 10 g. few hours

Snake venom 0.02 g. through injection few hours

Sodium Cyanide 122.5 mg. 30 minutes

Sodium hydroxide 15 g. 24 hours

Sodium nitrite 2 g. 30 minutes to 3 hours

Strychnine 0.05 g. Within 2 hours

Sulphuric acid 4 ml. few minutes to several week

Thallium salts 2 g. 24 hours

Turpentine oil 100 to 125 ml. few minutes to 15 hours

Zinc phosphide 0.8 g. Within a day.

55

FACTORS EFFECTING TOXICITY OF POISONOUS SUBSTANCES

(a) The general health and weight of the individual - The fatal dose of a
person is directly proportional to the weight of the victim. As a general
rule, the weaker the person, the quicker and severe will be the action
of the poison.

(b) The condition of the stomach - Whether the stomach is full or empty
at the time of ingestion of the poison.

(c) The acidity or the alkalinity of the system.
(d) Idiocyncracy of a person - whether an individual is very sensitive

towards certain poison.
(e) State in which the poison is administered - In solid form, if so, in

coarse pieces or in fine powder or in solution form.
(f) Degree of tolerance: For example some snake charmers get snake

bites regularly and thus they get almost complete immunity from
snake bite poisoning.
Certain addicts take opium or liquor regularly and therefore the
addicts are unaffected by the normal fatal dose of the poisonous
material.Further certain poisonous substances are well tolerated by
children but elderly people are rather susceptible to those substance, such
as mercury. On the other hand opium is well tolerated by aged people but
children are very sensitive to it. Besides the system of some individual is
such that they eliminate the poison quickly through vomiting and purging
and hence the toxic affect diminishes to a great extent.

Age of the victim - This is the main factor as the list shows the general
fatal dose for an adult person. To calculate the fatal dose for children, the
following formula can be adopted.

Average fatal dose ×Age
-----------------------------
Age+12

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SUGGESTIONS FOR VISCERA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
1. About 10 ml. blood from the body of the deceased.
2. About 10 ml. urine from the urinary bladder of the deceased
3. Organs should be sent in separately along with preservative in

separate vial.
4. Whole stomach with its contents.
5. On model autopsy house at each district. (Annexure I)

(Photocopy attached)
6. Post mortem should be done by M.D. Doctor.
7. Viscera should not be preserve in spirit if the death is due to alcohol

poisoning.
8. Viscera should not be preserve in sodium chloride if death is due to

hydrochloric acid.
9. In snake bite or injection poisoning case. Piece of skin and tissue

from the site of bite or mark.
10. In burning cases Ash with bones .
11. In exhumed body cases, skeleton with soil.
12. In abortion cases, uterus with foetus.
13. In gaseous poisoning lungs and blood .
14. In Neurotic poisoning , brain should be preserved.
15. In strychnine poisoning spinal chord should be preserved.
16. In Aconite and HCN poisoning heart should be preserved.
17. Tissues should be preserved in suspected animal poisoning cases.
18. PMR should be filled in NHRC proforma. (Photocopy attached)

Annexure-II.
19. Seals of parcel/ jar’s/ bundles should be clear along with specimen

seal.
20. Details of treatment should mentioned in treatment cases.
21. Cause of death should be clearly mentioned by Doctor in

cases of Accident / AMI or disease.

57

ANNEXURE-I

58

59

60

61

62

ANNEXURE-II

MODEL POST-MORTEM REPORT FORM

(Read carefully the instructions at Appendix ‘A’)

NAME OF INSTITUTION ____________________________________________
Post Mortem Report No. ____________________ Date ___________________
Conducted by Dr. ______________________________________________________
Date & Time of receipt of the body
and Inquest papers for Autopsy __________________________________________
Date & Time of commencement of Autopsy _______________________________
Time of completion of Autopsy___________________________________________
Date & Time of examination of the dead body
at Inquest (as per Inquest Report) ________________________________________
Name & Address of the person __________________________________________
video recording the Autopsy ______________________________________________
Note: The tape should be duly sealed, signed and dated and sent to the National
Human Rights Commission, Sardar Patel Bhawan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi.
_____________________________________________________________________
CASE PARTICULARS
1. (a) Name of deceased and as entered
in the Jail or Police record_______________________________________
(b) S/O, D/O, W/O ________________________________________________
(c) Address : ______________________________________________________
2. Age (Approx) :___________ yrs; Sex : Male/Female
3. Body brought by (Name and rank of Police officials)
(i) ___________________________________________________

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(ii) ___________________________________________________
of Police Station _______________________________________
4. Identified by (Names & addresses of relatives/persons acquainted )
(i) _____________________________________________________________
(ii) _____________________________________________________________
IF HOSPITAL DEAD BODIES - (particulars as per hospital records)
Date & Time of Admission in Hospital ________________________________
Date & Time of Death in Hospital ____________________________________
Central Registration No. of Hospital _______________________________
SCHEDULE OF OBSERVATIONS
(A) GENERAL
(l) Height _______ cms. (2) Weight _______________ Kgs.
(3) Physique - (a) lean/ medium / obese
(b) Well built/average built/poor built/emaciated
(4) Identification features (if body is unidentified)
(i) __________________________________________
(ii) ___________________________________________
(iii) Finger prints be taken on seperate sheet and attached by the doctor.
(5) Description of clothes worn - important features:
(6) Post-mortem Changes :
(a) As seen during inquest
- Whether rigor mortis present _______________________________________
- Temperature (Rectal) ____________________________________________
- Others ________________________________________________________
(b) As seen at Autopsy -

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(7) (a) External general appearance -
(b) State of eyes
(c) Natural orifices
(B) EXTERNAL INJURIES:
(Mention Type, Shape, Length x Breadth & Depth of each injury and its relation
to important body landmark. Indicate which injuries are fresh and which are old
and their duration.)
______________________________________________________________________
Instructions :-
(i) Injuries be given serial number and mark similarly on the diagrams attached.
(ii) In stab injuries, mention angles, margins and direction inside body. (iii) In
fire arm injuries, mention about effects of fire also.
C) INTERNAL EXAMINATION
1. HEAD
(a) Scalp findings
(b) Skull (Describe fractures here & show them on body diagram enclosed)
(c) Meninges, meningeal spaces & Cerebral vessels
(Hemorrhage & its locations, abnormal smell etc. be noted)
(d) Brain findings & Wt. (Wt. _____________________ gms.)
(e) Orbital, nasal & aural cavities - findings.
2. NECK
- Mouth, Tongue & Pharynx
- Larynx & Vocal cords
- Condition of neck tissues
- Thyroid & other cartilage conditions

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- Trachea
3. CHEST
- Ribs and Chest wall
- Oesophagus
- Trachea & Bronchial Tree
- Pleural Cavities - R -
-L-
Lungs findings & Wt. - Rt. ___________ gms. & Lt. _____________ gms.
- Pericardial Sac
- Heart findings & Wt. ________ .
- Large blood vessels
4. Abdomen
- Condition of abdominal wall
- Peritoneum & Peritoneal cavity
- Stomach (wall condition, contents & smell) (Weight ______________ gms.)
- Small intestines including appendix
- Large intestines & Mesentric vessels
- Liver including
gall bladder (wt. _________________ gms)
- Spleen (wt. ___________ gms.)
- Pancreas
- Kidneys finding & Wt. - Rt. ______ gms. & Lt. _________ gms.
- Bladder & urethra
- Pelvic cavity tissues
- Pelvic Bones

66

- Genital organs (Note the condition of vagina, scrotum, presence of foreign
body, presence of foetus, semen or any other fluid, and contusion, abrasion
in and around genital organs).

21

5. SPINAL COLUMN & SPINAL CORD (To be opened where indicated)
OPINION
i) Probable time since death (keep all factors including observations at inquest)
ii) Cause & manner of death- The cause of death to the best of my knowledge
and belief is :-
(a) Immediate cause -
(b) Due to -
(c) Which of the injuries are ante-mortem/post-mortem and duration if antemortem?
(d) Manner of causation of injuries
(e) Whether injuries (individually or collectively) are sufficient to cause death in
ordinary course of nature or not ?
iii) Any other
SPECIMENS COLLECTED & HANDED OVER (Please tick)
a) Viscera (Stomach with contents, small intestine with contents, sample of liver,
kidney (one half of each), spleen, sample of blood on gauze piece (dried), any
other viscera, preservative used)
b) Clothes
c) Photographs (Video cassettes in case of custody deaths), finger prints etc)
d) Foreign body (like bullet, ligature etc.)
e) Sample of preservative in cases of posioning.

22

f) Sample of seal
67

g) lnquest papers (mention total number & initial them)
h) Slides from vagina, semen or any other material
PM report in original, ____inquest papers, dead body, clothings and other articles
(mention there) duly sealed (Nos. ___ ) handed over to police official ______________
No. ________________ of PS ____________________ whose signatures are
herewith.
Signature : ___________________________
Name of Medical Officer _______________
(in block letters) _____________________
Designation _________________________
SEAL

68

69

70

71

72

WOUND BALLISTICS

Ballistics is the study of motion of projectiles. It is studied under three sub heads-

1. Interior Ballistics - It concerns with the motion of projectiles inside the barrel of
a firearm.

2. Exterior Ballistics – It is the study of the motion of projectiles in the open (air),
after coming out of the muzzle of a firearm.

3. Terminal Ballistics- It is the motion / behaviour of the projectile at the target or
inside the target. It is also known as Wound Ballistics.

Wound ballistics is concerned with the wounding phenomenon. It involves terminal
ballistics. It studies how a projectile creates the wound and causes the destruction of
tissues by its movements on and after entering the body, its travel inside and the exit
from the body.

WOUNDING MECHANISM-

When a projectile strikes the human body, it depresses and compresses the skin, flesh
and bone underneath. The continued pressure stretches them beyond the elastic limits
and a hole is created. The stretched skin regains its normal state after the hole is created
and the bullet has entered inside. The diameter of the hole on the skin, therefore appears,
on the non-stretched skin somewhat smaller than the size of the projectile which created
the wound, when it was stretched.

The minimum velocity required to penetrate the human skin has been found to be 40 to
50 metres per second. The threshold velocity for the penetration of a bone is 60 meter
per second.

The projectile continues its onwards progress till it leaves the body through an exit hole,
or, till its energy is spent beforehand, in overcoming the resistance. The projectile is
found lodged at the end of the tunnel, in later cases.

ELEMENTS OF WOUND BALLISTICS-

Wound ballistics has following important elements-

1. Nature of target.

73

2. Velocity of projectiles.
3. Constructional features of projectiles.
4. Range.
FIREARM INJURIES-
The projectiles fired by firearm have certain shapes, velocities and kinetic energies
which differ from most of the other agents causing injuries. The shapes of wound, the
destructive effect on the tissues, presence of foreign bodies (of specific shapes and
composition) and the projectile track help to identify whether the given injury is a
firearm injury or not.
The evaluation of the injuries clarify if the given injury is-
1. a firearm injury or not.
2. an entrance wound or an exit wound.
3. post-mortem or ante-mortem injury.
4. from the alleged firearm.
5. fatal or not.
6. such that a person could perform the alleged acts after receiving the given injuries.
7. of alleged age.
8. caused from alleged distance.
The evaluation of injuries can also indicate of the alleged number of shots fired or the
number of firearms used.
ENTRANCE WOUND-
The wounds have certain characteristics which permit their identification without
difficulties, most of the times. The prominent features utilized for the purpose are-
1. The wounds are circular or oval in most of the cases. Key hole wounds are also

formed by wobbling bullets.

74

2. The diameter of the entrance hole is, ordinarily slightly less than the diameter of
the projectile creating the hole.

3. The edges are compressed inward – they are inverted.
4. A contusion ring is found around the wound in most of the times. The ring is dark

red to bluish-black depending upon its age.
5. The dirt or wipe ring is not always present but whenever it is present, it is a sure

sign of an entry wound.
6. Burning of skin, flesh or singeing of hair is caused when the shot is fired from a

close range. The scorched skin, when it is available, it identifies the entry wound.
7. GSR deposits are from close range firing only. They also identify the entrance

wound whenever they are available.
8. The presence of a muzzle impression around the wound.
9. Sometimes the bullet carries the GSR in their flight from the ejecta, from the

barrel fouling and deposit on the edges or inside the entrance hole.
Extraneous deposits around the wound are from the following sources-

1. Propellant burned powder (smoke), semi burnt and unburnt propellant.
2. Primer residue.
3. Projectile, Cartridge Case and barrel material (from fouling and bore scraping).
4. Intermediate targets.
The extent of extraneous deposit depends upon-
1. The weapon.
2. The ammunition.
3. The range.
4. The angle of fire.
5. The target characteristics.

75

PINK COLORATION-

If a shot is fired from a very close range or in contact with the skin, some carbon
monoxide (produced in the combustion of propellants) gets absorbed in the skin and
flesh. It gives a pink coloration to the skin around the wound which indicates firearm
injury and injury from a close range.

CHARRING, SCORCHING, BURNING, SINGEING etc.-

These are the effects of flame or hot gases produced in the combustion of propellants.
The charring is caused when the shot is fired from a very close range. The size, shape
and extent are characteristic of the firearm and range.

The Charring is often confused with the Blackening, Tattooing, Dirt Ring or even with
Contusion Ring. The Charring is different from Blackening. The later can be removed
with a cotton swab moistened with spirit while the former cannot be removed in this
way.

BLACKENING-

The blackening is caused by the smoke deposits. The smoke particles are light. They do
not travel afar. Therefore, smoke deposit i.e. blackening is limited to a short range. The
colour of smoke is grey to black in black powder and light grey to dark grey in
smokeless powder.

TATTOOING-

The tattooing is also known as peppering or stippling. It is the deposit of un-burnt or
semi-burnt powder particles under the skin. Tattooing, ordinarily, cannot be removed
with a swab.

DIRT RING OR PROJECTILE WIPE RING-

The dirt ring is deposited by some projectile around the wound.The materials come
from-

1. The projectile may carry grease on them. The dirt gets collected on the grease
which, in turn, gets deposited around the wound.

2. Deposit of soot/GSR present on bullet. The projectile pick up the soot/GSR from
the powder ejecta which rush past the projectiles inside or outside the barrel.

76

3. Dirt due to intermediate target (clothes, mud walls etc.) or from the surface from
which the projectile has ricocheted.

4. In shot gun ammunition, the pellets and buck shots are rubbed with graphite. A
small amount of graphite is carried by the projectiles which they deposit around
the entry hole. The lead bullets may also blacken the edges of the entry wound.

FOREIGN MATERIAL-

The projectile or their fragments and sometimes the wads are found inside the body,
these may also indicate the nature of firearm used.

CONTUSION-

The edges of wound are contused by the impact of the projectile. The colour of
contusion varies from reddish dark to bluish black. The contusions are in the form of a
band around the wound and are often of uniform width. The tissues are ruptured and
swollen.

EXIT WOUND-

All exit wounds, irrespective of range of firing, the following identifying features-

1. They have no fixed shape or size. Usually they are larger than entry wound and
are irregular.

2. The eversion of edges and the direction of pushed or pressed out flesh, indicate
the exit wound.

3. The presence of projectile, fixed in the exit wound.

4. If the entry wound is established and a probe through this wound comes out of
another wound. The later is obviously an exit wound.

HANDELING FIREARM INJURIES-

1. Observe and record all major or minor, internal or external injuries.

2. Describe fully the wound of entrance, the internal track and the lodgement site or
the exit wound. Give serial number to each injury. The description should contain
(whenever possible)

77

(a) The possible nature of firearm.
(b) The presence or absence of GSR.
(c) The direction of fire and deflection (if any).
(d) The presence or absence of any extraneous matter or the projectile from the

intermediate target or from the ricocheting surface.
(e) The condition of projectile : Whole ? Deformed ? Fragmented ?.
(f) Describe site(s) of the injury without using medical terminology.
3. Log all information collected through-
(a) Photographs – photograph the injury before and after cleaning, with a scale and

an identification information chit included in the photographs. Photographs
should fix the site of injury (ies) as well as nature of injuries (close up). If there
is extraneous material (GSR etc.), it should be recorded photographically.
(b) X-Ray radiograph for locating projectiles and their fragments.
(c) Exhaustive description.
(d) X-Ray of bone damage.
4. Preserve relevant evidence-
(a) The clothes and the evidence thereon.
(b) The projectiles.
(c) The wads (if any).
(d) The extraneous deposit.
(e) In case of burning the charred skin piece may also be preserved.
(f) GSR found on hands must also be collected and preserved.

Get the help of Ballistic Expert, if required.

78

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vxzlkj.k&izi=&Mh0,u0,0 ijh{k.k

vfHk;kxs l[a ;k%------------------------------------/kkjk-------------------------------------------------------Fkkuk-----------------------------------
tuin-------------------------------------------------jkT;-------------------------------------------------------fnukda ---------------------------------

1- vfHk;kxs dk lfa {kIr bfrgkl%&

2- ijh{k.k gsrq ueuw kas dk fooj.k%&

dz0 l0a ueuw k fy;s tkus ueuw k nus s okys ueuw s dk lzkrs fVIi.kh

dk fnukda O;fDr dk uke ¼lEHkkfor ekrk]

firk] larku] vkfn½

81

3- ueuw k lhy%& foops ukf/kdkjh ds gLrk{kj
¼yk[k dh eqnzk dks lSykVs is ls doj fd;k tk;½s uke%&---------------------------------------------

inuke%&----------------------------------------

fnukda %&-----------------------------------------

vxz"s k.k vf/kdkjh ds gLrk{kj
uke%&---------------------------------------------

inuke%&----------------------------------------
fnukda %&-----------------------------------------

dze'k%

izkf/kdkj i=
fun's kd] fof/k foKku iz;kxs 'kkyk] m0iz0] egkuxj] y[kuÅ dk vfHk;kxs la[;k --------------------------------
----------------------------/kkjk------------------------------------------------Fkkuk----------------------------------
tuin------------------------------------------------------jkT;---------------------------------------------------fnukda -------------------------------
ls lca fa /kr ifsz "kr ueuw ksa dks ijh{k.k esa mi;kxs djus grs q izkf/kdr` fd;k tkrk gSA

vxz"s k.k vf/kdkjh ds gLrk{kj
uke%&---------------------------------------------

inuke%&----------------------------------------
fnukda %&-----------------------------------------
ukVs %&

82

1- iqfyl vf/kdkjh tks iqfyl v/kh{kd ds Lrj ls de u gks vFkok ekuuh; U;k;ky;kas }kjk
vxzlkj.k fd;k tkuk gSA vfHk;kxs ksa dk vxzlkj.k izi=&1 ds vuqlkj gkus k okfa Nr gAS

2- ueuw k lhy yk[k dh iBuh;] izekf.kr o lSykVs is ls lqjf[kr gkus h pkfg,A
3- lHkh vxzlkfjr jDr lSEiy Bhd ls fpfUgr] lhYM gkas ,oa vxzlkj.k izi= eas mudk Li"V

mYy[s k gkus k pkfg,A
4- ,Q0vkb0Z vkj0 ¼izFke lpw uk fjikVs ½Z @efs Mdy fjikVs Z dh Nk;kizfr;kW vkfn jktif=r vf/kdkjh

}kjk izekf.kr gkus h pkfg,a
5- Mh0,u0,0 fQxa j fizfa Vxa ijh{k.k grs q Hkts s x;s jDr lSEiy lhYM voLFkk eas ikWyhFkhu eas j[kdj

cQZ ds lkFk FkeZl ¶ykLd esa lqjf{kr Hkts s tk;Asa
6- izR;ds jDr lSEiy gsrq vyx&vyx izi= l[a ;k&2@2 nks izfr;ksa esa Hkjdj Hkts uk pkfg,A
7- izi=&1@2 o 2@2 vi.w kZ gkus s dh fLFkfr esa vfHk;kxs ijh{k.k gsrq Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk;xs kA

83

izi= Mh0,u0,0 ijh{k.k&2@2@2011

fof/k foKku iz;kxs 'kkyk] mRrj izn's k] y[kuÅ&226 006
Vys hQkus u0a @QSDl&0522&2336232
bZ&eys %& [email protected]
Mh,u, ijh{k.k gsrq
tSfod ueuw ksa dk izek.khdj.k izi=

¼A½ ueuw s ds lzkrs dk fooj.k% QkVs kxs zkQ

1- uke ¼Li"V v{kjkas e½as ------------------------------------------------------- thfor O;fDr dk
2- firk@laj{kd dk uke--------------------------------------------------- MkDVj }kjk
3- fyxa ------------------------------------ 4- vk;-q --------- o"k-Z ----------- ekg----------------------------
5- iwjk irk--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6- fpfdRlk@LokLF; fooj.k

lkekU;---------------------------------------------- jksx@nh?kdZ kfyd jkxs -------------------------

vkuqokfa 'kd fodf` r ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7- jDr vk/kku ;fn dkbs Z gvq k gk&s foxr rhu ekg e-as % ;fn gkW rks fnukda ------------------------------------------------------------8- vxa iRz ;kjkis .k] ;fn dkbs Z
gks rks fnukda &---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

¼B½ vfHk;kxs ijh{k.k grs q Kkr lxa zfgr ueuw k

vfHk;kxs l0a -------------------------------fnukda -----------------------Fkkuk-------------------/kkjk------------

¼C½ Mh0,u0,0 ijh{k.k dk mnn~ 's ;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

¼D½ tSfod ueuw s ds lzkrs @nkrk }kjk ?kk"s k.kk%

eS---------------------------------------------------------------------,rn~ }kjk ?kk"s k.kk djrk@djrh gWw fd ijh{k.k grs q lxa fz gr@lda fyr tSfod ueuw k ¼ueuw ½s --------------------
-------------esjh lgefr ,oa lKa ku esa fy;k x;k gS rFkk mijkDs r lpw uk;sa lR; gSA

84

fu'kku vWxa Bw k fu'kku vWxa Bw k gLrk{kj ----------------------------------------------
ck;a k nkfguk uke -----------------------------------------------------
fnukda ---------------------------------------------------
¼E½ ¼1½ Kkr tfS od ueuw %s
¼II½jDr ds /kCc@s ¼III½ e[q k Lokc
¼2½ inz 'k&Z jDr jfa tr inz 'kZ
¼I½ rjy jDr

¼IV½ leyw cky ¼V½ oh;Z ¼VI½ ;kfs u Lokc
tM+ lfgr

¼VII½ ,uy Lokc ¼VIII½ dVs uk[kuw ¼IX½ gfMM~ ;kW

¼X½ 'kjhj }kjk lzkfor ¼XI½ nkWr@
vU; lkz o ds /kCc bues y iYi

¼XII½ Ård ¼XIII½ vU;

¼ XIII½ O;fDrxr i;z kxs dh tkus okyh lkexzh&

¼i½ d?a kk ¼ii½ vra %oL= ¼iii½ fyfifLVd

-¼iv½p'ek ¼v½ :eky ¼vi½ dykbZ ?kM+h

¼vii½ ukd ,oa dku ds vkHk"w k.k ¼viii½ ekcs kby Qkus

85

¼ix½ dUMkes
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
¼F½ tSfod ueuw s dk fooj.k%
¼1½ jDr ifjj{k.k dh ek=k--------------------------------------
¼2½ ifjj{k.k eas i;z Dq r jlk;u---------------------------------
¼3½ lda yu@ifjj{k.k dk fnukda --------------------------------------
¼4½ ueuw k ekgs j@lhy dh Nki%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
¼yk[k dh enq kz dks lSykVs is ls doj fd;k tk;As ½

fpfdRld
gLrk{kj----------------------------------
uke------------------------------------------
inuke------------------------------------
jcj LVSEi-------------------------------
fnukda ---------------------------------------

¼G½ foops ukf/kdkjh@xokg dk fooj.k
tSfod ueuw ksa dk lda yu@lxa gz .k nks xokgksa dh mifLFkfr esa fd;k tkuk vf/kekU; gSA

foops ukf/kdkjh xokg 1% xokg 2%
lEekfur ukxfjd lEekfur ukxfjd
gLrk{kj---------------------------------- gLrk{kj------------------------------------ gLrk{kj------------------------------------
uke------------------------------------------ uke---------------------------------------------- uke----------------------------------------------
inuke------------------------------------ inuke--------------------------------------- inuke---------------------------------------
irk-------------------------------------------- irk--------------------------------------------- irk---------------------------------------------

86

fnukda --------------------------------------- fnukda --------------------------------------- fnukda ---------------------------------------

________________________________________________________________________

ek= dk;kyZ ; i;z kxs kFk%Z &

vfHk;kxs l0a --------------------------

Mh,u, ijh{k.k-------------------- inz 'kZ l[a ;k--------------------

fo0fo0i0z m0i0z ] y[kuÅ vfHk;kxs izkfIr dk fnukda -------------------------------------------------

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

lhvkjihlh 1973 ds lDs 'ku& 53] 53 ,] 164 ,oa 164 , esa mfYyf[kr o"kZ 2005 eas l'a kkfs /kr fnukda 23-06-2006 ls iHz kkoh gSA

87