Ulangkaji Ekspress Tingkatan 2

REVISI EKSPRES 1

Arahan: Jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.
Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1 Biodiversiti ialah kepelbagaian organisma hidup berbeza jenis yang ditemukan di Bumi.
Biodiversity is the diversity of different types of living organisms found on the Earth.

2 Biodiversiti adalah penting sebagai sumber makanan dan perubatan , untuk mengekalkan
medicine , to maintain the balance
keseimbangan alam dan sebagai tempat rekreasi.
and
Biodiversity is important as a source of food

of nature and as a place of recreation.

3 Nyatakan dua cara untuk memelihara dan memulihara haiwan endemik di Malaysia.
State two ways to preserve and conserve endemic animals in Malaysia.
Mewujudkan kawasan perlindungan dan mendirikan pusat pembiakan

Establishing protected areas and establishing breeding centres

4 Lengkapkan pengelasan haiwan dan tumbuhan dalam peta dakap di bawah.

Complete the classification of animals and plants in the brace map below.

(a) Pengelasan haiwan/Classification of animals (b) Pengelasan tumbuhan/Classification of plants

Invertebrata Tumbuhan Monokotiledon
Invertebrates berbunga Monocotyledons
Flowering Dikotiledon
HAIWAN Ikan/Fish TUMBUHAN plants Dicotyledons
ANIMALS Amfibia/Amphibians PLANTS
Reptilia/Reptiles Tumbuhan Konifer/Conifer
Vertebrata Burung/Birds tidak Lumut/Mosses
Vertebrates Mamalia/Mammals berbunga Paku pakis/Ferns
Non-flowering
plants

5 Kelaskan haiwan vertebrata yang diberikan./Classify the vertebrates given.

Katak/Frog Belut/Eel Tenggiling/Pangolin Ikan paus/Whale Helang/Eagle
Penyu/Turtle Kodok/Toad Angsa/Goose Kelawar/Bat Ikan lumba-lumba/Dolphin
Ular/Snake Ikan yu/Shark Buaya/Crocodile Penguin/Penguin Kura-kura/Tortoise

(a) Ikan/Fish : Belut, ikan yu/Eel, shark

(b) Amfibia/Amphibians : Katak, kodok/Frog, toad

(c) Reptilia/Reptiles : Penyu, ular, buaya, kura-kura/Turtle, snake, crocodile, tortoise

(d) Burung/Birds : Helang, angsa, penguin/Eagle, goose, penguin

(e) Mamalia/Mammals : Tenggiling, ikan paus, kelawar, ikan lumba-lumba/Pangolin, whale, bat, dolphin

6 Lengkapkan pengelasan tumbuhan yang berikut./Complete the following classification of plants.

Pokok padi/Paddy plant Alga/Algae Kulat/Fungi Pokok durian/Durian tree
Pokok jagung/Maize plant
Paku pakis/Ferns Lumut/Mosses Pokok keembung/Balsam plant

Tumbuhan tidak berbunga Tumbuhan berbunga/Flowering plants
Non-flowering plants
Monokotiledon/Monocotyledons Dikotiledon/Dicotyledons
Alga/Algae; Paku pakis/Ferns
Kulat/Fungi; Lumut/Mosses Pokok padi/Paddy plant Pokok durian/Durian tree
Pokok jagung/Maize plant Pokok keembung/Balsam plant

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REVISI EKSPRES 2

Arahan: Jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.
Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1 Tulis peranan organisma dalam rantai makanan yang berikut. Kemudian, nyatakan kesan terhadap bilangan
organisma yang lain jika bilangan ulat beluncas bertambah./Write the roles of the organisms in the following
food chain. Then, state the effects on the numbers of other organisms if the number of caterpillars increases.

Rumput/Grass ⎯→ Ulat beluncas/Caterpillar ⎯→ Katak/Frog ⎯→ Ular/Snake

Pengeluar Pengguna primer Pengguna sekunder Pengguna tertier
Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer

(a) Rumput/Grass : Berkurang/Decreases (b) Katak/Frog : Bertambah/Increases
(c) Ular/Snake : Bertambah/Increases

2 Karnivor primer ialah haiwan yang memakan herbivor manakala karnivor sekunder ialah haiwan
yang memakan karnivor primer./A primary carnivore is an animal which eats herbivores while
a secondary carnivore is an animal which eats primary carnivores.

3 Siratan makanan terdiri daripada gabungan beberapa rantai makanan.
A food web consists of a combination of several food chains.

4 Tulis istilah yang betul./Write the correct term.

(a) Habitat ialah tempat tinggal semula jadi bagi tumbuhan dan haiwan.

Habitat is a natural living place of plants and animals.

(b) Populasi ialah sekumpulan organisma yang sama spesies hidup bersama dalam suatu habitat.

Population is a group of organism of the same species that live together in a habitat.

(c) Komuniti terdiri daripada beberapa populasi haiwan dan tumbuhan yang tinggal bersama dan

berinteraksi antara satu dengan yang lain./ Community consists of several populations of animals

and plants that live together and interact with one another.

(d) Ekosistem terdiri daripada beberapa komuniti berinteraksi antara satu dengan yang lain dengan

persekitarannya.

Ecosystem consists of several communities that interact with one another and with their environment.

5 Suhu , cahaya dan kelembapan mempengaruhi taburan organisma dalam alam sekitar.
Temperature , light and humidity affect the distribution of organisms in nature.

6 Nyatakan jenis interaksi antara organisma./State the types of interaction between organisms.

(a) Pokok – paku-pakis langsuyar/Tree – bird’s nest fern : Komensalisme/Commensalism

(b) Katak – nyamuk/Frog – mosquito : Mangsa-pemangsa/Prey-predator

(c) Tumbuhan berbunga – rumpai/Flowering plants – weeds : Persaingan/Competition

(d) Buran – umang-umang/Sea anemone – hermit crab : Mutualisme/Mutualism

(e) Pokok – afid/Tree – aphid : Parasitisme/Parasitism

7 Lengkapkan jadual di bawah tentang maksud dan kelebihan kawalan biologi.
Complete the table below on the meaning and advantages of biological control.

Maksud Kaedah yang menggunakan musuh semula jadi untuk mengawal populasi perosak.
Meaning A method that uses a natural enemy to control a population of pests.

Kelebihan Selamat digunakan, tidak mencemarkan alam sekitar dan tidak membunuh
Advantages organisma lain selain perosak ./ Safe to use, does not pollute the environment
and does not kill other organisms except the pests .

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REVISI EKSPRES 3

Arahan: Jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.
Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1 Nyatakan kelas makanan berdasarkan fungsinya./State the classes of food based on their functions.

(a) Karbohidrat membekalkan tenaga./ Carbohydrate supplies energy.

(b) Protein membina sel-sel baharu untuk menggantikan tisu yang rosak.

Protein builds new cells to replace damaged tissues.

(c) Lemak bertindak sebagai penebat haba./ Fat acts as a heat insulator.

(d) Vitamin dan mineral mengekalkan kesihatan badan.

Vitamins and minerals maintain good health.

(e) Pelawas merangsang proses peristalsis./ Fibre stimulates the process of peristalsis.

(f) Air mengekalkan suhu badan dan mengangkut hasil perkumuhan.

Water maintains the body temperature and transport excretory products.

2 Nyatakan kesan kekurangan nutrien./State the effects of deficiency of nutrients.

Nutrien/Nutrients Penyakit/Diseases Nutrien/Nutrients Penyakit/Diseases
(a) Vitamin A (e) Vitamin E Kemandulan/Sterility
Rabun malam
(b) Vitamin B Night blindness (f) Vitamin K Darah lambat beku
(c) Vitamin C Slow blood clotting
(d) Vitamin D, fosforus, Beri-beri/Beriberi (g) Iodin/Iodine Goiter/Goitre
(h) Besi/Iron Anemia/Anaemia
kalsium Skurvi/Scurvy (i) Protein/Protein Kwasyiorkor/Kwashiorkor
Vitamin D, phosphorus,
calcium Riket
Rickets

3 Nyatakan makanan dan padankan pemerhatian bagi ujian makanan di bawah.
State the food and match the observation for each food test below.

Ujian makanan Makanan Pemerhatian
Food test Food Observations

(a) Ujian iodin Kanji Mendakan merah bata
Iodine test Starch Brick-red precipitate

(b) Ujian Benedict Glukosa Warna biru tua
Benedict’s test Glucose Dark blue colour

(c) Ujian Millon Protein Emulsi
Millon’s test Protein Emulsion

(d) Ujian emulsi Lemak Mendakan merah bata
Emulsion test Fat Brick-red precipitate

4 Hitung nilai kalori yang diambil oleh seorang murid dalam makan malamnya jika dia memakan 100 g nasi,
50 g telur goreng dan 50 g betik./Calculate the calorific value taken by a student for his dinner if he took 100 g of
rice, 50 g of fried egg and 50 g of papaya.

Makanan Nilai kalori (kJ/100 g) Nilai kalori
Food Calorific value (kJ/100 g) Calorific value

Nasi/Rice 1 500 = (1 500 × 1) + (950 ÷ 2) + (160 ÷ 2)
Telur goreng/Fried egg 950 = 2 055 kJ
Betik/Papaya 160

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5 Gizi seimbang terdiri daripada makanan yang mengandungi semua nutrien dalam kuantiti yang betul.
A balanced diet consists of food that has all the nutrients in the right quantities.

6 (a) Label sistem pencernaan manusia di bawah./Label the human digestive system below.

P: Mulut U: Esofagus
Mouth Oesophagus

Q: Hati V: Perut
Liver Stomach

R: Duodenum W: Pankreas
Duodenum Pancreas

S: Usus besar X: Usus kecil
Large intestine Small intestine

T: Dubur Y: Rektum
Anus Rectum

(b) Berdasarkan 6(a), tuliskan laluan makanan dalam salur pencernaan.
Based on 6(a), write the pathway of food in the digestive tract.

P UV R X S YT

(c) (i) Jus gastrik dalam perut mengandungi asid hidroklorik dan enzim protease .

Gastric juice in the stomach contains hydrochloric acid and the protease enzyme .

(ii) Pankreas menghasilkan jus pankreas yang mengandungi tiga jenis enzim iaitu amilase ,
,
protease dan lipase .

Pancreas produces pancreatic juice that contains three types of enzymes which are amylase

protease and lipase .

(iii) Usus kecil menyerap hasil pencernaan manakala usus besar menyerap semula air.

Small intestine absorb digested food while large intestine reabsorbs water.

7 (a) Peristalsis ialah proses penolakan makanan sepanjang salur pencernaan.
(b) Peristalsis is a process of pushing of food along the digestive tract.
(c) Penyahtinjaan ialah proses penyingkiran makanan tidak tercerna (tinja) dari badan.
Defecation is a process of removal of undigested food (faeces) from the body.
Sembelit ialah kesukaran mengeluarkan tinja dari badan.
Constipation is the difficulty in removing faeces from the body.

8 Vilus mempunyai dinding yang sangat nipis , iaitu setebal satu sel untuk
walls
memudahkan penyerapan makanan tercerna di dalam usus kecil./Villi have very thin

that are one-cell thick to facilitate the absorption of digested food in the small intestine.

9 Nyatakan pemerhatian bagi ujian iodin ke atas hasil pada akhir aktiviti dan beri kesimpulan.
State the observation for the iodine test on the products at the end of the activity and give a conclusion.

(a) Pemerhatian:Observation:
Tiada perubahan/No change

(b) Kesimpulan:Conclusion:

Larutan kanji Enzim dalam air liur mencernakan kanji kepada
+ air liur
Air Starch solution gula .
Waterter + saliva
(37°C) The enzyme in saliva digests starch to sugar .

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REVISI EKSPRES 4

Arahan: Jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.
Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1 Kencing tikus, denggi, SARS dan Zika adalah contoh-contoh penyakit berjangkit .
Leptospirosis, dengue, SARS and Zika are examples of infectious diseases .

2 Kanser, hipertensi, diabetes dan penyakit kardiovaskular adalah contoh-contoh penyakit tidak berjangkit .
Cancer, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are examples of non-infectious diseases .

3 Kenal pasti jenis penyakit berjangkit berdasarkan gejalanya.
Identify the types of infectious diseases based on their symptoms.

Penyakit/Diseases Gejala/Symptoms

(a) Taun/Kolera/Cholera → Cirit-birit, muntah/Diarrhoea, vomiting

(b) Denggi/Dengue → Bintik merah, sakit sendi/Red spots, joint pain

(c) Panau/Tinea → Tompok putih yang gatal/Itchy white spots

(d) TB/TB → Hilang berat badan, kahak berdarah/Weight loss, blood in the sputum

(e) Zika/Zika → Mata merah, sakit otot/Red eyes, muscle pain

(f) H1N1/H1N1 → Demam, hidung berhingus/Fever, runny nose

(g) Kurap/Ringworm → Tompok merah yang gatal/Itchy red spots

(h) Kencing tikus/Leptospirosis → Demam panas, sakit abdomen/High fever, abdominal pain

(i) Malaria/Malaria → Demam panas yang berulang/Recurring high fever

4 Cadangkan tiga cara untuk mengelakkan daripada menghidap penyakit tidak berjangkit seperti kanser,
hipertensi, diabetes dan penyakit kardiovaskular./Suggest three ways to avoid getting non-infectious diseases
such as cancer, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
(a) Kerap bersenam/Regular exercise
(b) Mengambil gizi seimbang/Consume a balanced diet
(c) Masa istirehat yang mencukupi/Enough time for rest

5 Nyatakan tiga cara untuk mengawal populasi lalat rumah.

State three ways controlling the population of houseflies.
(a) Menutup makanan/Covering food
(b) Menjaga kebersihan di sekitar kawasan rumah/Keeping the surrounding areas of the house clean
(c) Membuang sampah ke dalam tong sampah yang bertutup/Disposing of garbage in covered garbage bins

6 Nyatakan dua cara untuk mengawal populasi nyamuk./State two ways of controlling the population of mosquitoes.
(a) Membela ikan gapi di dalam kolam/Rear guppy fish in ponds
(b) Menyembur racun serangga/Spray insecticide

7 Tuliskan ‘AB’ bagi keimunan aktif buatan (penggunaan vaksin) dan ‘PB’ bagi keimunan pasif buatan
(penggunaan antiserum) di dalam petak yang diberikan./Write ‘AA’ for artificial active immunity (the use of a
vaccine) and ‘AP’ for artificial passive immunity (the use of an antiserum) in the boxes provided.

(a) Pemvaksinan/Vaccination AB/AA

(b) Diberi untuk merawat penyakit/Given for treating disease PB/AP

(c) Penggunaan antibodi dalam darah haiwan/Use of antibodies in animal blood PB/AP

(d) Perlindungan jangka panjang/Long lasting protection AB/AA

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REVISI EKSPRES 5

Arahan: Jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.
Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1 Bendasing meningkatkan takat didih air tetapi menurunkan takat beku air atau takat
lebur ais./Impurities increase the boiling point of water but decrease the freezing point of

water or melting point of ice.

2 Isi tempat kosong tentang elektrolisis air./Fill in the blanks on the electrolysis of water.

(a) Oksigen/Oxygen (b) Hidrogen/Hydrogen

(c) Elektrod positif/Anod Air suling + sedikit
Positive electrode/Anode asid sulfurik
Distilled water +
a little sulphuric acid

(d) Elektrod negatif/Katod
+ - Negative electrode/Cathode

(e) Oksigen yang terkumpul menyalakan kayu uji berbara.
Oxygen that is collected ignites a glowing wooden splinter.

(f) Hidrogen yang terkumpul menghasilkan bunyi ‘pop’ apabila diuji dengan kayu uji bernyala.
Hydrogen that is collected produces a ‘pop’ sound when tested with a burning wooden splinter.

3 Semakin tinggi suhu dan semakin rendah kelembapan udara, semakin tinggi kadar

penyejatan air./The higher the temperature and the lower the humidity, the higher the rate

of evaporation of water.

4 Air ialah pelarut semesta./ Water is a universal solvent.

5 Ampaian ialah cecair yang mempunyai bahan terampai.
A suspension is a liquid that has suspended substances.

6 Nyatakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keterlarutan bahan dalam air.

State the factors that affect the solubility of a substance in water.

(a) Saiz zat terlarut/Size of solute (b) Isi padu pelarut/Volume of solvent

(c) Suhu pelarut/Temperature of solvent (d) Kadar kacauan/The rate of stirring

7 Nyatakan pelarut bukan air bagi bahan-bahan berikut./State the organic solvents for the following substances.

Bahan Pelarut bukan air Bahan Pelarut bukan air
Substances Organic solvents Substances Organic solvents

(a) Cat Turpentin/Petrol/Kerosin (c) Syelek/Minyak wangi Alkohol
Paint Turpentine/Petrol/Kerosene Shellac/Perfume Alcohol

(b) Varnis kuku Aseton (d) Pencair cat Turpentin
Nail varnish Aceton Paint thinner Turpentine

8 Susunkan langkah-langkah dalam proses pembersihan air./Arrange the steps in water purification.

A: Pengklorinan/Chlorination Susunan langkah-langkah/Arrangement of the steps:
B: Pengenapan/Sedimentation GF E B
C: Penurasan/Filtration
D: Pemfluoridaan/Fluoridation C A D Simpanan/Storage
E: Penggumpalan/Coagulation
F: Pengoksidaan/Oxidation
G: Penapisan/Screening

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REVISI EKSPRES 6

Arahan: Jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.
Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1 Air diperlukan oleh asid dan alkali untuk menunjukkan sifat-sifatnya.
Water is needed by acids and alkalis to show their properties.

2 Lengkapkan ciri-ciri asid dan alkali./Complete the properties of acids and alkalis.

Asid/Acids Alkali/Alkalis

(a) Rasa masam /Taste sour (a) Rasa pahit dan licin
Taste bitter and are slippery
(b) Mengakis/Corrosive
(c) Mempunyai pH kurang daripada 7 (b) Mengakis/Corrosive
(c) Mempunyai pH lebih daripada 7
Have a pH lower than 7
(d) Menukarkan kertas litmus biru Have a pH higher than 7
(d) Menukarkan kertas litmus merah lembap
lembap kepada merah
Turn damp blue litmus paper kepada biru
Turn damp red litmus paper blue
red

3 Isi tempat kosong dan lengkapkan persamaan perkataan yang diberikan.
Fill in the blanks and complete the word equations given.
Asid bertindak balas dengan logam untuk membebaskan gas hidrogen .
An acid reacts with a metal to release hydrogen gas.
Contoh/Example: Asid hidroklorik + zink ⎯→ zink klorida + hidrogen
Hydrochloric acid + zinc ⎯→ zinc chloride + hydrogen

4 Tulis warna penunjuk dalam larutan yang berlainan.
Write down the colours of the indicators in different solutions.

Penunjuk/Indicators Berasid/Acidic Neutral/Neutral Beralkali/Alkaline

(a) Penunjuk semesta Merah/Jingga/Kuning Hijau Biru/Ungu
Universal indicator Red/Orange/Yellow Green Blue/Purple

(b) Larutan litmus Merah Ungu Biru
Litmus solution Red Purple Blue

(c) Metil jingga Merah Jingga Kuning
Methyl orange Red Orange Yellow

(d) Fenoftalein Tidak berwarna Tidak berwarna Merah jambu
Phenolphthalein Colourless Colourless Pink

5 Isi tempat kosong dengan perkataan yang betul./Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

(a) Nama tindak balas/Name of reaction: Peneutralan/Neutralisation

(b) Kaedah/Method: Pentitratan/Titration

(c) Persamaan perkataan/Word equation:

Asid + alkali garam + air Larutan asid
Acid solution
Acid + alkali salt + water
Larutan alkali
(pH < 7) (pH > 7) (pH = 7) + fenolftalein
Alkali solution
(d) Perubahan warna pada takat neutral. + phenolphthalein

Colour change at the neutral point.

Merah jambu kepada tidak berwarna.

Pink to colourless.

169

REVISI EKSPRES 7

Arahan: Jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.
Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1 (a) Cas elektrostatik ialah cas elektrik yang pegun atau tidak bergerak dan dapat dihasilkan melalui
geseran.
Electrostatic charges are electric charges that are static or not moving and can be produced through friction.

(b) Proton dan elektron masing-masing terdiri daripada cas-cas positif dan negatif.
Protons and electrons make up the positive and negative charges respectively.

(c) Cas-cas elektrik yang kecil dapat dikesan oleh elektroskop .
Small electric charges can be detected by an electroscope .

2 Gariskan jawapan tentang cas-cas elektrik./Underline the answers on the electric charges.
(a) Objek yang menerima elektron akan bercas (positif, negatif) manakala objek yang kehilangan elektron
akan bercas (positif, negatif)./Objects that receive electrons will become (positively, negatively) charged while
objects that lose electrons will become (positively, negatively) charged.
(b) Cas-cas yang sama (menarik, menolak) antara satu sama lain manakala cas-cas yang berlainan (menarik,
menolak) antara satu sama lain.
Same charges (attract, repel) one another while different charges (attract, repel) one another.

3 Lengkapkan jadual di bawah./Complete the table below.

Alat pengukuran Unit pengukuran Simbol unit Susunan alat dalam litar
Symbol of Arrangement of the device
Device of measurement Unit of measurement
units in a circuit
Arus Ammeter Ampere
Current Ammeter Ampere A Secara bersiri
In series

Voltan Voltmeter Volt V Secara selari
Voltage Voltmeter Volt In parallel

4 Rintangan dalam konduktor bergantung pada panjang konduktor, diameter/ketebalan konduktor
dan jenis konduktor./The resistance in a conductor depends on the length of the conductor, the
diameter/thickness of the conductor and the type of conductor.

5 (a) Nyatakan hukum Ohm. (b) Lakarkan satu graf voltan (V) melawan arus elektrik (A).
State Ohm’s law. Sketch a graph of voltage (V) against electric current (A).

Voltan (V)/Voltage (V)

R= V
I

6 Hitung rintangan dan voltan dalam litar di bawah. Arus (A)/Current (A)
Calculate the resistance and voltage in the circuits below. V=?
(a) 2 V (b)

1A 2A
$ A

R=? 2Ω

R= V R = V
I I

R = 2 = 2Ω 2= V ;V=2×2=4V
1 2

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7 (a) Lengkapkan yang berikut berdasarkan litar bersiri dan litar selari.
Complete the following based on the series and parallel circuits.

(i) V (ii) V1 , R1
V2 , R2
A I3, V3 , R3 I = I1 = I2 = I3 A V3 , R3 I = I1 + I2 + I3
I1, V1 , R1 V = V1 + V2 + V3 I1 V = V1 = V2 = V3
R = R1 + R2 + R3 1 =1+1+1
I2 R R1 R2 R3
I2 , V2 , R2
I3 1.5 V

(b) Hitung voltan dan arus bagi litar elektrik di bawah.
Calculate the voltage and current of the electric circuits below.

(i) (ii)

V=?V A I =? 2Ω
R1

0.5 A A

2Ω 1Ω R2 2 Ω

R = V 1 = 1 + 1 = 1 + 1 =1
I R R1 R2 2 2

R =2+1=3Ω R =1Ω
3= V R =V

0.5 I
V = 3 × 0.5 = 1.5 V 1 = 1.5 ; I = 1.5 = 1.5 A

I1

(c) Jika satu mentol terbakar, mentol-mentol yang lain masih menyala.
If one of the bulbs is burnt, the other bulbs continue to light up.

Pernyataan di atas merujuk kepada kelebihan litar selari .

The above statement refers to the advantage of a parallel circuit.

8 (a) Lukis medan magnet yang terhasil oleh konduktor lurus yang membawa arus elektrik.
Draw the magnetic field produced by a straight conductor carrying an electric current.

(i) (ii)

-+

+-

(b) Arah pengaliran arus menentukan arah medan magnet yang terhasil di sekeliling
konduktor lurus./The direction of the current flow determines the direction of the magnetic field
produced around a straight conductor.

(c) Kompas boleh digunakan untuk menentukan arah medan magnet yang terhasil oleh konduktor
lurus yang membawa arus elektrik./A compass can be used for determining the direction of the magnetic
field produced by a straight conductor carrying an electric current.

(d) Elektromagnet ialah konduktor yang menjadi magnet apabila arus elektrik mengalir melaluinya.
An electromagnet is a conductor that becomes a magnet when an electric current flows through it.

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REVISI EKSPRES 8

Arahan: Jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.
Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1 Berat dan daya graviti ialah contoh-contoh daya tindakan manakala daya normal dan daya
apungan adalah contoh-contoh daya tindak balas.

Weight and gravitational force are examples of action forces while normal and buoyant
forces are examples of reaction forces.

2 (a) Daya diukur dalam unit/Force is measured in newtons (N) .
(b) Daya diukur dengan menggunakan/Force is measured by using a neraca spring/spring balance .

3 (a) Lengkapkan rumus di bawah./Complete the formula below.

Daya apungan/Buoyant force = berat sebenar/actual weight – berat ketara/apparent weight

(b) Kapal selam terapung dalam air laut kerana daya apungan adalah lebih daripada berat kapal

selam itu. than the weight of the submarine.
The submarine floats in seawater because the buoyant force is more

(c) Kapal selam tenggelam dalam air laut kerana daya apungan adalah kurang daripada berat

kapal selam.

The submarine sinks in seawater because the buoyant force is less than the weight of the submarine.

4 Kenal pasti jenis tuas./Identify the types of lever. Tuas kelas kedua/Second class lever
(a) Beban terletak di antara fulkrum dengan daya. Tuas kelas ketiga/Third class lever
The load is located between the fulcrum and the effort. Tuas kelas pertama/First class lever

(b) Daya terletak di antara fulkrum dengan beban.
The effort is located between the fulcrum and the load.

(c) Fulkrum terletak di antara daya dengan beban.
The fulcrum is located between the effort and the load.

5 Tentukan jenis kelas tuas bagi alat yang diberikan (kelas pertama ‘1’, kedua ‘2’ dan ketiga ‘3’).

Determine the classes of levers for the tools given (first ‘1’, second ‘2’ and third ‘3’ classes).

(a) Pemotong kertas/Paper cutter :2 (f) Joran/Fishing rod :3

(b) Gunting/Scissors :1 (g) Playar/Pliers :1

(c) Penyepit ais/Ice tongs :3 (h) Tuil besi/Crowbar :1

(d) Jongkang-jongket/See-saw :1 (i) Kereta sorong/Wheelbarrow : 2

(e) Pembuka penutup botol/Bottle opener : 2 (j) Penyapu/Broom :3

6 Hitung berat beban jika daya yang dikenakan ialah 100 N. Anda diberi formula prinsip tuas.
Calculate the weight of the load if the effort exerted is 100 N. You are given the formula of the principle of levers.

Daya/Effort Beban × Jarak beban = Daya × Jarak daya
Load × Distance of the load = Effort × Distance of the effort
35 cm

Beban/Load Beban/Load × 50 cm = 100 N × (50 – 35) cm
Beban/Load = 100 N × 15 cm = 30 N
50 cm 50 cm

7 Lengkapkan rumus-rumus di bawah./Complete the formulas below.

(a) Momen daya = Daya × Jarak tegak dari pangsi ke daya

Moment of a force = Force × Perpendicular distance from the pivot to the force

(b) Tekanan/Pressure = Daya/Force

Luas permukaan/Surface area

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REVISI EKSPRES 9

Arahan: Jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.
Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1 Haba ialah suatu bentuk tenaga manakala suhu ialah darjah kepanasan atau kesejukan suatu

objek. is a form of energy while temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.
Heat

2 Bebola logam panas tidak dapat melalui gelang. Beri kesimpulan.
The heated metal ball cannot pass through the ring. Give a conclusion.

Bebola logam yang dipanaskan Kesimpulan:
Heated metal ball Conclusion:
Bebola logam mengembang apabila
Gelang Pemegang kayu The metal ball expands when dipanaskan .
Ring Wooden handle heated .

3 Berikan kesimpulan bagi aktiviti yang berikut./Give a conclusion for the following activity.

Nyalaan Udara Ais Kesimpulan:
Flame Air Ice Conclusion:
Gas mengembang apabila dipanaskan dan
Air
Water mengecut apabila disejukkan.
Gas expands when heated and contracts .

when cooled.

4 Nyatakan cara pengaliran haba ke paku tekan. 6 Nyatakan cara pengaliran haba.
State the method by which heat flows to the State the method of flow of heat.
thumbtacks.

Nyalaan Lilin Bumi
Flame Paku tekan Wax Earth
Thumbtack
Matahari
Sun

Cara/Method: Konduksi/Conduction Cara/Method: Sinaran/Radiation

5 Lukis anak panah (➝) untuk menunjukkan 7 Air di bahagian atas mendidih tetapi kiub ais di
bahagian bawah tidak melebur. Beri kesimpulan.
pengaliran haba dan namakan cara ini. The water at the upper part boils but the ice cubes
at the lower part do not melt. Give a conclusion.
Draw arrows (➝) to show the flow of heat and

name this method. Kertas terbakar

Burning paper

Kiub ais xxxxxxxx
Ice cubes

Panaskan Panaskan
Heat Heat

Hablur ungu kalium manganat(VII) Kesimpulan:
Purple potassium manganate(VII) crystal Conclusion:
Air ialah konduktor haba yang lemah.
Cara/Method: Perolakan/Convection Water is a poor conductor of heat.

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8 Konduktor haba ialah bahan yang mengalirkan haba dengan baik manakala penebat haba ialah
bahan yang menghalang pengaliran haba./ Heat conductors are substances that conduct heat well while
heat insulators are substances that prevent heat flow through them.

9 Nyatakan cara pengaliran haba yang terlibat./State the methods of flow of heat involved.

(a) Bayu laut dan bayu darat/Sea breeze and land breeze : Perolakan/Convection

(b) Cerek elektrik/Electric kettle : Perolakan/Convection

(c) Pengudaraan bangunan/Ventilation of a building : Perolakan/Convection

(d) Pemanasan Bumi oleh Matahari/Warming of the Earth by the Sun : Sinaran/Radiation

(e) Termometer/Thermometer : Konduksi/Conduction

10 Dua contoh alat elektrik yang mengandungi termostat (jalur dwilogam) untuk mengawal suhu ialah
seterika elektrik dan cerek elektrik ./Two examples of electrical appliances that contain thermostats (bimetallic
strips) for controlling temperature are the electric iron and electric kettle .

11 Beri sebab bagi situasi-situasi yang berikut:/Give reasons for the following situations:

(a) Ruang di antara penyambung rel pada landasan kereta api membolehkan landasan mengembang pada

hari panas./Gaps in between rails on the railway tracks enable the tracks to expand on hot days.

(b) Merkuri bergerak naik dan turun dalam tiub kapilari termometer kerana merkuri mengembang

apabila panas dan mengecut apabila sejuk./Mercury moves up and down in the capillary tube of a

thermometer because it expands when it is hot and contracts when it is cold.

(c) Dalam alat penggera kebakaran, jalur dwilogam yang dipanaskan mengembang , membengkok

dan menyentuh skru sentuhan menyebabkan arus elektrik mengalir dan loceng berbunyi .

In a fire alarm, the heated bimetallic strip expands , bends and touches the connecting screw

causing an electric current to flow and the bell to ring .

(d) Wayar telefon dipasang dalam keadaan kendur untuk membolehkannya mengecut pada malam

yang sejuk./Telephone wires are fixed loosely to enable the wires to contract on cold nights.

12 Nyatakan jenis objek sama ada ‘Gelap dan kusam’ atau ‘Putih dan berkilat’.

State the types of objects whether, ‘Dark and dull’ or ‘White and shiny’.

(a) Pemancar haba yang baik/Good radiator of heat: Gelap dan kusam/Dark and dull

(b) Penyerap haba yang baik/Good absorber of heat: Gelap dan kusam/Dark and dull

(c) Pemantul haba yang baik/Good reflector of heat: Putih dan berkilat/White and shiny

13 Tandakan ( ✓ ) pengaliran haba yang dicegah oleh bahagian-bahagian dalam kelalang termos.
Tick ( ✓ ) the flow of heat which is prevented by the parts of the vacuum flask (thermos flask).

Penyumbat gabus Penutup/Cover
Cork stopper

Dinding kaca yang disaluti perak Vakum/Vacuum
Silver-coated glass wall

Tapak bergabus/Cork base

Pencegahan pengaliran haba/Prevention of heat flow

(a) Vakum: (b) Dinding kaca yang disaluti (c) Penyumbat gabus:
Vacuum:
perak:/Silver-coated glass wall: Cork stopper:

✓ Konduksi/Conduction Konduksi/Conduction ✓ Konduksi/Conduction
✓ Perolakan/Convection Perolakan/Convection ✓ Perolakan/Convection

Sinaran/Radiation ✓ Sinaran/Radiation Sinaran/Radiation

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REVISI EKSPRES 10

Arahan: Jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.
Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1 Pilih jawapan yang betul tentang ciri-ciri bunyi./Choose the correct answers about the properties of sound.
Bunyi dihasilkan daripada (gelombang elektromagnet, getaran). Bunyi (dapat, tidak dapat) dipindahkan melalui
vakum. Hal ini demikian kerana pemindahan bunyi (memerlukan, tidak memerlukan) medium. Bunyi dipindahkan
sangat cepat melalui (pepejal, cecair, gas) dan sangat perlahan melalui (pepejal, cecair, gas).
Sound is produced by (electromagnetic waves, vibrations). Sound (can, cannot) be transferred through a vacuum.
This is because the transfer of sound (needs, does not need) a medium. Sound is transferred very rapidly in (solids,
liquids, gases) and very slowly in (solids, liquids, gases).

2 Lengkapkan jadual di bawah./Complete the table below.

Jenis permukaan Penyerap bunyi Pemantul bunyi
Types of surfaces Sound absorbers Sound reflectors

Keras dan licin/Hard and smooth Lemah/Weak Baik/Good

Lembut dan kasar/Soft and rough Baik/Good Lemah/Weak

3 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan getaran suatu papan yang diapit di tepi meja.
The diagram below shows the vibration of a wood clamped at the edge of a table.

Papan A (a) Apakah yang diwakili oleh jarak OA atau OB?
Wood What does the distance of OA or OB represent?

Pengapit-G O Amplitud getaran./The amplitude of vibration.
G-clamp
B (b) Apakah yang diwakili oleh bilangan getaran dalam masa
satu saat?
What does the number of vibrations in a second represent?
Frekuensi getaran./The frequency of vibration.

4 (a) Semakin tinggi amplitud gelombang, semakin nyaring bunyi.
The higher the amplitude of a wave is, the louder the sound is.

(b) Semakin tinggi frekuensi, semakin langsing bunyi itu.
The higher the frequency is, the higher the pitch of the sound is.

5 Kesan Doppler menyatakan bahawa apabila suatu sumber bunyi bergerak ke arah pemerhati pegun,
frekuensi bunyi akan bertambah menyebabkan kelangsingan bunyi bertambah . Apabila sumber
bunyi bergerak menjauhi pemerhati pegun, frekuensi bunyi akan berkurang menyebabkan kelangsingan
bunyi berkurang ./The Doppler effect states that when a source of sound moves towards a stationary observer,
the observed frequency of sound will increase causing the pitch of sound to increase . When a
source of sound moves away from a stationary observer, the observed frequency of sound will decrease causing
the pitch of sound to decrease .

6 (a) Gema ialah gelombang bunyi yang dipantulkan dari suatu permukaan keras seperti daripada
dinding gua kepada pendengar.
Echoes are sounds that are reflected from a hard surface such as from the wall of a cave to the listener.

(b) Pantulan gelombang bunyi diaplikasikan dalam penggunaan sonar (teknologi pantulan
ultrabunyi) dalam industri perkapalan dan perikanan, cara kelawar atau ikan lumba-lumba menganggar
jarak serta memberi panduan arah ./ Reflection of sound waves is applied in the use
of sonar (an ultrasound reflection technology) in the shipping and fisheries industry, the way bats
or dolphins estimate the distance and to provide guidance of direction .

175

REVISI EKSPRES 11, 12 & 13

Arahan: Jawab soalan-soalan yang berikut.
Instructions: Answer the following questions.

1 Nyatakan bintang di peringkat kematian bintang./State the stars at the stages in the death of stars.
(a) Bintang bersaiz sederhana/Medium-sized star

Bintang bersaiz sederhana Raksasa merah/Red giant Kerdil putih/White dwarf
Medium-sized star
Jika bintang besar
(b) Bintang besar dan super besar/Large and super-large stars If a large star

Raksasa merah Super raksasa Supernova Bintang neutron/Neutron star
Red giant Supergiant Supernova
Jika bintang
super besar
If a super-large
star

Lohong hitam/Black hole

2 Unit astronomi (A.U.) ialah jarak purata antara Bumi dengan Matahari dan satu tahun cahaya (ly)

ialah jarak yang dilalui cahaya dalam masa satu tahun./The astronomical unit (A.U.) is the average distance

between the Earth and the Sun and a light year (ly) is the distance travelled by light in a year.

3 Urutan kedudukan planet-planet dalam sistem suria bermula dari yang paling dekat dengan Matahari ialah:
The sequence in the location of the planets in the solar system, starting from the one nearest to the Sun is:

Utarid Zuhrah Bumi Marikh Musytari
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter

Zuhal Uranus Neptun
Saturn Uranus Neptune

4 (a) Komet terdiri daripada campuran ais, gas, debu dan batuan kecil yang beredar mengelilingi

Matahari pada orbit tersendiri.

Comet consists of a mixture of ice, gas, dust and small rocks revolving around the Sun in its own orbit.

(b) Asteroid terdiri daripada ketulan batuan dan logam yang mengorbit Matahari di antara planet

Marikh dengan Musytari.

Asteroid consists of a fragment of stones and metals that orbits the Sun between Mars and Jupiter.

(c) Meteoroid ialah batuan kecil berlogam yang terapung di angkasa lepas.

Meteoroid is a small metallic stone which is floating in outer space.

(d) Meteor ialah meteoroid yang memasuki atmosfera Bumi yang bergeser dengan atmosfera Bumi

menghasilkan satu coretan cahaya.
Meteor is a meteoroid that enters the Earth’s atmosphere and produces a streak of light as a result

of friction with Earth’s atmosphere.
(e) Meteorite ialah meteor yang belum habis terbakar di atmosfera Bumi yang sampai ke permukaan

Bumi. is a meteor which has not been burned up in the Earth’s atmosphere that reaches the Earth’s
Meteorite

surface.

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