sanskrut sanyukt 8th

dÝX² 1 Am.n. ¶wY² 4 Am.n.
E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.
E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. à.nw. ¶wܶVo ¶wܶoVo ¶wܶÝVo
à.nw. dÝXVo dÝXoVo dÝXÝVo
‘. nw. dÝXgo dÝXoWo dÝXÜdo ‘. nw. ¶wܶgo ¶wܶoWo ¶wܶÜdo
C.nw. dÝXo dÝXmdho dÝXm‘ho C.nw. ¶wܶo ¶wܶmdho ¶wܶm‘ho

{Xe² 6 Am.n. nyO² 10 Am.n.

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.
à.nw. nyO¶Vo nyO¶oVo nyO¶ÝVo
à.nw. {XeVo {XeoVo {XeÝVo ‘. nw. nyO¶go nyO¶oWo nyO¶Üdo
C.nw. nyO¶o nyO¶mdho nyO¶m‘ho
‘. nw. {Xego {XeoWo {XeÜdo
Ho$MZ YmVd: nañ‘¡n{XZ: (CXm. JÀN>{V, nR>{V),
C.nw. {Xeo {Xemdho {Xem‘ho Ho$MZ YmVd: AmË‘Zon{XZ: (CXm. dÝXVo, ^mfVo),

H¥$ Am.n. bQ²>bH$ma: Ho$fm#mZ YmVyZm§ nañ‘¡nXê$nm{U VWm
AmË‘ZonXê$nm{U A{n ^dpÝV AV: Vo YmVd:
E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. C^¶n{XZ:(CXm.~moY{V/~moYVo, {jn{V/{jnVo,
à.nw. Hw$éVo Hw$dm©Vo Hw$d©Vo {Xe{V/{XeVo, nyO¶{V/nyO¶Vo, H$amo{V/Hw$éVo)
‘. nw. Hw$éfo Hw$dm©Wo Hw$éÜdo
C.nw. Hw$d} Hw$d©ho Hw$‘©ho

CngJm©: &

Mm¡a: AOm§ ha{V & ~mbH$: CÚmZo {dha{V & dra: eÌw§ àha{V &

g§ha{V ö ha{V "ö' YmVmo: Ed EVm{Z ê$nm{U &
Amha{V {dha{V
àha{V

w AÌ g‘², Am, {d, à, B˶mX¶: eãXm§em: YmVmo: nydª Ñí¶ÝVo & EVo Ed CngJm©: &
w CngJm©: 22 gpÝV & (à, An, Cn, Ad) (nam, Am) (n[a, A{Y, A{n, A{V, {d, A{^, à{V, {Z)

(gw, AZw) (g‘², CX², {Zg², {Za², Xþg², Xþa²)
w CngJ©H$maUmV² H$Xm{MV² YmVmo: AW©: n[adV©Vo & ¶Wm JÀN>{V-AmJÀN>{V & dX{V-à{VdX{V &
w CngJm©: H$Xm{MV² YmVmo: AWª nmof¶pÝV & ¶Wm emo^Vo-gwemo^Vo & bg{V-{dbg{V & amOVo-{damOVo &

42

w CngJ©H$maUV: H$Xm{MV² YmVmo: nXn[adV©Z§ ^d{V & ¶Wm {O-O¶{V {H$ÝVw {d+{O = {dO¶Vo (Am.n.),
ñWm-{Vð>{V {H$ÝVw à+ ñWm = à{Vð>Vo (Am.n.), J‘²- JÀN>{V {H$ÝVw g‘²+ J‘² = g“ÀN>Vo(Am.n.),
a‘²-a‘Vo {H$ÝVw {d + a‘² = {da‘{V (n.n.)

^mfmä¶mg:

1. ¶mo½¶‘² CngJª ¶moO¶V & 2. CngJ©g{hV§ {H«$¶mnX§ {bIV dmŠ¶§ M nya¶V &
à/g‘²/{d/n[a/Ad/Am/An
1. Mm¡a: YZ§ ha{V & 1. ‘mVm AmnUmV² & (Am+J‘²-JÀN>²)
2. ^yn: eÌw§ ha{V &
3. d¡Ú amoJ§ ha{V & 2. ~mbH$: Xod§ & (à+Z‘²)
4. ~mbH$: CÚmZo ha{V &
5. Xodr amjg§ ha{V & 3. go{dH$m Ob‘² & (Am+Zr-Z¶²)
6. OZ: nd©V‘² amoh{V &
7. ~m{bH$m nd©VmV² amoh{V & 4. aOH$: dóm{U & (à+jb²-jmb²)

5. AmMm¶©: {dÚmb¶mV² ({Za²+J‘²)

6. {ejH$: g‘ñ¶m§ & (n[a+ö-ha²)

7. dmZa: d¥jmV² & (CV²+nV²)

8. ~mb: OZZt & (AZw+g¥-ga²)

3. CngJ©g{hV-J‘² YmVmo: AWª OmZrV, ñd^mf¶m {bIV, dmŠ¶o à¶moJ§ Hw$éV M &

g“ÀN>Vo g‘ Am AmJÀN>{V

AZwJÀN>{V AZw J‘² {Za² {ZJ©ÀN>{V

Cn Ad AdJÀN>{V

CnJÀN>{V

Zm‘m{Z - 2

"B' H$mamÝV§ nw§{b“§ Zm‘ "H${d' (H${d = H²$ + A + d² + B)

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^p³V:
H${d: H$dr H$d¶: àW‘m
H${d‘² H$dr H$drZ² {ÛVr¶m
H${dZm H${dä¶m‘² H${d{^: V¥Vr¶m
H$d¶o H${dä¶m‘² H${dä¶: MVwWu
H$do: H${dä¶m‘² H${dä¶: n#m‘r
H$do: H$ì¶mo: H$drZm‘²
H$dm¡ H$ì¶mo: H${dfw fð>r
ho H$do ho H$dr ho H$d¶: gá‘r
gå~moYZ‘²

H${dgÑem: Aݶo BH$mamÝVm: nw§{b“eãXm:-
‘w{Z, F${f, a{d, h[a, nm{U, ¶{V, ‘mé{V, ^yn{V, H${n, A{b, {J[a, A[a, d{•, ‘{U B˶mX¶: &

43

"B'H$mamÝV§ ór{b“§ Zm‘ ‘{V (‘{V = ‘² + A + V² + B)

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^p³V:
‘{V: ‘Vr ‘V¶: àW‘m
‘{V‘² ‘Vr ‘Vr: {ÛVr¶m
‘˶m ‘{Vä¶m‘² ‘{V{^: V¥Vr¶m
‘V¶o/‘˶¡ ‘{Vä¶m‘² ‘{Vä¶: MVwWu
‘Vo:/‘˶m: ‘{Vä¶m‘² ‘{Vä¶: n#m‘r
‘Vo:/‘˶m: ‘˶mo: ‘VrZm‘² fð>r
‘Vm¡/‘˶m‘² ‘˶mo: ‘{Vfw gá‘r
ho ‘Vo ho ‘Vr ho ‘V¶: gå~moYZ‘²

‘{VgÑem: Aݶo eãXm:- ^y{‘, ~w{Õ, àr{V, H$s{V©, lw{V, ñ‘¥{V, é{M, ep³V, Y¥{V, Amof{Y, dZñn{V B.

"B'H$mamÝV§ Znw§gH${b“§ Zm‘ dm[a (dm[a = d² + Am + a² + B)

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^p³V:
àW‘m
dm[a dm[aUr dmar{U {ÛVr¶m
V¥Vr¶m
dm[a dm[aUr dmar{U MVwWu
n#m‘r
dm[aUm dm[aä¶m‘² dm[a{^: fð>r
gá‘r
dm[aUo dm[aä¶m‘² dm[aä¶: gå~moYZ‘²

dm[aU: dm[aä¶m‘² dm[aä¶:

dm[aU: dm[aUmo: dmarUm‘²

dm[a{U dm[aUmo: dm[afw

ho dmao, ho dm[a ho dm[aUr ho dmar{U

dm[agÑem: Aݶo eãXm:- ew{M, gwa{^, ^y[a B˶mX¶: &

"B©'H$mamÝV§ ór{b“§ Zm‘ ZXr (ZXr = Z² + A + X² + B©)

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^p³V:
ZXr ZÚm¡ ZÚ: àW‘m
ZXr‘² ZÚm¡ ZXr: {ÛVr¶m
ZÚm ZXrä¶m‘² ZXr{^: V¥Vr¶m
ZÚ¡ ZXrä¶m‘² ZXrä¶: MVwWu
ZÚm: ZXrä¶m‘² ZXrä¶: n#m‘r
ZÚm: ZÚmo: ZXrZm‘² fð>r
ZÚm‘² ZÚmo: ZXrfw gá‘r
ho Z{X ho ZÚm¡ ho ZÚ: gå~moYZ‘²

ZXrgÑem: Aݶo eãXm:- OZZr, Hy$nr, Zmar, ¶wdVr, ZJar, ‘hr, dmnr, boIZr, A‘Zr, gå‘mO©Zr, épŠ‘Ur,
KQ>r, ZIH¥$ÝVZr, gañdVr, ñWmbr, Xmgr B˶mX¶: &

44

{deofU‘²

Ef: ~mbH$: & EVñ¶ Zm‘ AO¶: & AÌ CÎm‘:, MVwa:, ñdñW:,
AO¶: CÎm‘: ~mbH$: & H$m¶©VËna: EVo eãXm: AO¶: H$sÑe:
AO¶: ñdñW: H$m¶©VËna: M ~mbH$: & ApñV B{V H$W¶pÝV & AV: EVo
eãXm: AO¶ñ¶ {deofUm{Z &

¶: eãX: Zm‘nXñ¶ {df¶o A{YH§$ H$W¶{V, VX² {deofU‘² & ¶ñ¶ {df¶o kmnZ§ ^d{V, g: {deoî¶: &

ZyVZ: J«ÝW:& ZyVZm H${dVm& ZyVZ§ H$m춑² & ZyVZm¡ J«ÝWm¡ & ZyVZm: J«ÝWm: &
H$sÑe: J«ÝW:? H$sÑer H${dVm? H$sÑe§ H$m춑²?
ZyVZ: J«ÝW: & ZyVZm H${dVm & ZyVZ§ H$m춑² & ZyVZo H${dVo & ZyVZm: H${dVm: &
AÌ {deoî¶ñ¶ ¶X² {b“‘² ApñV,
VXod {deofUñ¶ {b“§ dV©Vo & ZyVZo H$mì¶o & ZyVZm{Z H$mì¶m{Z &

AÌ {deoî¶ñ¶ ¶X² dMZ‘² ApñV,

VXod {deofUñ¶ dMZ§ Ñí¶Vo &

ZyVZñ¶ J«ÝWñ¶ & ZyVZmV² J«ÝWmV² & ZyVZofw J«ÝWofw & EVofw CXmhaUofw {deoî¶ñ¶ ¶m {d^p³V:,
ZyVZm¶m§ H${dVm¶m§ & ZyVZ¶m H${dV¶m & ZyVZm¶¡ H${dVm¶¡ &
ZyVZoZ H$mì¶oZ & ZyVZmä¶m§ H$mì¶mä¶m§ & ZyVZ¶mo: H$m춶mo:& gm Ed {d^p³V: {deofUñ¶ A{n dV©Vo &

¶{„“§ ¶ÛMZ§ ¶m M {d^p³V{d©eoî¶ñ¶ & V{„“§ VÛMZ§ g¡d {d^p³V{d©eofUñ¶m{n &&
^mfmä¶mg:

AYmo{Z{X©ï>m{Z {deofU-{deoî¶-eãX¶w½‘m{Z {MZwV &

gwÝXar AmMm¶m£ ídoVm¡ N>mÌm:

gyÌ‘² Amdí¶H$: Hw$gw‘‘² ‘mbm

ZoÌo nyÁ¶m¡ H¥$Vkm: Amhma:
XrK©‘² H¥$îUo H$mo‘b‘² ~H$m¡

45

13. gyp³VgwYm & (MVwW©: KQ>H$:)

{dÛÎd§ M Z¥nËd§ M Z¡d Vw붧 H$XmMZ &
ñdXoeo nyÁ¶Vo amOm {dÛmZ² gd©Ì nyÁ¶Vo &&1&&

A‘ÝÌ‘ja§ ZmpñV ZmpñV ‘yb‘Zm¡fY‘² &
A¶mo½¶: nwéfmo ZmpñV ¶moOH$ñVÌ Xþb©^: &&2&&

A{VXmZmV² ~{b~©Õmo ø{V‘mZmV² gw¶moYZ: &
{dZï>mo amdUmo bm¡ë¶mV² A{V gd©Ì dO©¶oV² &&3&&

A{n ñdU©‘¶r b‘m Z ‘o bú‘U amoMVo &
OZZr OÝ‘^y{‘íM ñdJm©X{n Jar¶gr &&4&&

^mfmä¶mg:

ûcmoH$: - 1 ûcmoH$: - 3
1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & 1. ‘obZ§ Hw$éV &
A) amOm Hw$Ì nyÁ¶Vo? ~{b: ~Õ: A{V‘mZmV² &
Am) H$: gd©Ì nyÁ¶Vo? gw¶moYZ: ~Õ: bm¡ë¶mV² &
2. MVwWª nX§ {bIV & amdU: {dZï>: A{VXmZmV² &

{dÛmZ² = {dÛËd‘² :: Z¥n: = .........& 2. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &

3. g‘yhoVanX§ {MZwV & A) ~{b: H$ñ‘mV² ~Õ:?

A) ^yn:, ‘hrnmb:, nm{W©d:, npÊS>V: & Am) gw¶moYZ: H$ñ‘mV² ~Õ:?

Am) àmk:, {dMjU:, MmUmj:, {j{Vn{V: & B) amdU: H$ñ‘mV² {dZï>:?

ûcmoH$: - 2 B©) qH$ gd©Ì dO©¶oV²?

1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & ûcmoH$: - 4

A) H$sÑe‘² Aja§ ZmpñV? [a³VñWmZ§ nya¶V &

Am) H$sÑe§ ‘yb§ ZmpñV? {deofU‘² {deo²

B) H$sÑe: nwéf: ZmpñV? ---- b‘m

B©) H$: Xþb©^:? Jar¶gr ---- , ---

46

14. CnH$mañ¶ ñ‘aU‘² &

am‘m¶U‘² Am{XH$m춑² & am‘m¶Uñ¶ aM{¶Vm dmë‘r{H$: & dmë‘r{H$: Am{XH${d: & lram‘ñ¶ M[aV‘²
Añ¶ J«ÝWñ¶ {df¶: & Ef: àg“: am‘m¶UmV² &

‘mé{V: grVm¶m: AÝdofUmWª b‘m§ à{V CÈ>¶Vo & ‘mJ} ‘hmgmJa: ApñV & Vñ¶ Vbo AdV©V ‘¡ZmH$: Zm‘
nd©V: & ¶Xm ‘¡ZmH$: JJZo ‘méqV ní¶{V VXm g: CÒÀN>{V & g‘wÐmV² ~{h: Am¶m{V & ‘mé{VZm H«$‘Ur¶: ‘mJ©:
XrK©: & ‘ܶo {dlm‘mWª ñWmZ‘{n ZmpñV B{V ‘¡ZmH$: OmZm{V & g: Vñ¶ gmhm涧 H$Vw©‘² BÀN>{V & AV: ‘¡ZmH$:
‘méqV àmW©¶Vo, ""‘hmH$no! Ab§ n[al‘oU, H¥$n¶m ‘‘ Hy$Q>o {dlm‘§ H$amoVw &''

{H$‘Wª ‘¡ZmH$: ‘méVo: gmhmæ¶mW©‘² CÚw³V:? A{n g: ‘méVo: Amerd©MZ‘² BÀN>{V? Z Ibw & EVV² Vw
CnH$mañ¶ ñ‘aU‘² & ‘méVo: VmV: ndZXod: ‘¡ZmH$ñ¶ gmhm涑² AH$amoV² nwam & VXm gd} nd©Vm: gnjm: & Vo
AmH$meo ñdoÀN>¶m {dhapÝV ñ‘, ghgm ^y‘m¡ {ZnVpÝV ñ‘ & VoZ ÌñVm: F$f¶: BÝБ² CnmJÀN>Z² & BÝÐ: nd©Voä¶:
AHw$߶V² & g: dO«oU nd©VmZm§ njmZ² N>oÎmw§ àma^V & ¶Xm BÝÐ: ‘¡ZmH§$ à{V AJÀN>V² VX¡d ndZXod: doJoZ V§
g‘wÐVb‘² AZ¶V² & Ed§ ndZXod: ‘¡ZmH§$ dO«àhmamV² AajV² & ‘¡ZmH$: ndZXodñ¶ EV‘² CnH$ma§ ñ‘a{V ñ‘ &
g: A{MÝV¶V², ""H¥$Vo M à{VH$V©ì¶‘² Ef Y‘©: gZmVZ:'' & AV: ‘¡ZmH$: ndZnwÌñ¶ ‘méVo: gmhm涑²
AH$amoV² & ‘¡ZmH$ñ¶ Am{V϶oZ ‘mé{V: àrV: & VWm{n {dlm‘‘² AH¥$Ëdm g: H$m¶©{gX²Ü¶W©‘² AJ«o ga{V &

^mfmä¶mg:
1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎma§ {bIV &
1) ‘mé{V: H$ñ¶m: AÝdofUmWª CÈ>¶Vo? 2) nd©Vñ¶ Zm‘ {H$‘²?
3) nwam gd} nd©Vm: H$sÑem:? 4) nd©V¡: Ho$ ÌñVm:?
5) ‘¡ZmH§$ g‘wÐVb§ H$: Z¶{V?
2. àý{Z‘m©U§ Hw$éV &
1) ndZXod: ‘¡ZmH§$ dO«àhmamV² aj{V & 2) F$f¶: BÝБ² CnmJÀN>Z² &
3) BÝÐ: nd©Voä¶: AHw$߶V² & 4) ‘¡ZmH$: g‘wÐmV² ~{h: Am¶m{V &

47

3. n¥WH²$ Hw$éV & gd©Zm‘ {deofU‘² {H«$¶mnX‘²
Zm‘

(‘mé{V:, V‘², F$f¶:, XrK©:, àrV:, {MÝV¶{V, CÒÀN>{V, g:)
4. g‘yhoVanX§ {MZwV & 1) ‘mé{V:, ndZnwÌ:, hZw‘mZ², nmdH$: & 3) ‘¡ZmH$:, ZJ:, {J[a:, AMb:&
2) gwan{V:, eH«$:, dO«‘², BÝÐ: &
5. {déÕmW©H$eãXmZ² {bIV &
1) ~{h: ´ 2) CÚw³V: ´ 3) ñ‘aU‘² ´
6. nmR>o "‘mé{V' eãXñ¶ ñWmZo "ndZgwV' A{n M "nd©V' B˶ñ¶ ñWmZo "A{Ð' B{V eãX§ à¶wÁ¶ nmR>§

nwZ{b©IV &
7. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m {bIV &
1. "CnH$mañ¶ ñ‘aU§' ‘¡ZmHo$Z H$W§ H¥$V‘²?
2. ‘méVo: CÈ>mUH$Wm§ lwËdm H$ñ¶ AmYw{ZH$H$WmnmÌñ¶ ñ‘aU§ ^d{V?
3. am‘m¶Uo ¶ofm‘² C„oI: Vofm‘² Aݶ-new-n{jUm§ {df¶‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ gÝX^m©Z² {bIV &
4. ¶{X nd©Vm: AYwZm A{n nj¶w³Vm: ñ¶w: V{h© qH$ ^{dî¶{V?

àýmW©H$m:

àý{Z‘m©UmWª "{H$‘²' gd©Zm‘ Cn¶wÁ¶Vo & VWm "H$'-AjaoU Aݶo àýmW©H$eãXm: Ama^ÝVo & Vo H$H$mam:&
¶Wm- {H$‘², Hw$Ì, H${V, H$Xm, Hw$V:, H$W‘², {H$‘W©‘² &

• àý{Z‘m©U§ H$W‘²?
1. {e{jH$m gwYmIÊS>oZ {bI{V & {e{jH$m Ho$Z {bI{V?
2. am‘: grVm¶¡ ’$bm{Z ¶ÀN>{V & am‘: H$ñ¶¡ ’$bm{Z ¶ÀN>{V?

3. MQ>H$m {Zdmgm¶ ZrS§> aM¶{V & MQ>H$m {H$‘Wª ZrS§> aM¶{V?
4. gm gwñda§ Jm¶{V & gm H$W§ Jm¶{V?
• à{VnX§ H$H$ma: H$W§ ¶wÁ¶Vo?
A‘o¶: J¥ho gm¶‘mbo n#mH$mì¶m{Z kmZmW©‘² Cƒ¡: nR>{V &
1. H$: J¥ho gm¶‘mbo n#mH$mì¶m{Z kmZmW©‘² Cƒ¡: nR>{V ?
2. A‘o¶: Hw$Ì gm¶‘mbo n#mH$mì¶m{Z kmZmW©‘² Cƒ¡: nR>{V ?
3. A‘o¶: J¥ho H$Xm n#mH$mì¶m{Z kmZmW©‘² Cƒ¡: nR>{V ?
4. A‘o¶: J¥ho gm¶‘mbo qH$ kmZmW©‘² Cƒ¡: nR>{V ?
5. A‘o¶: J¥ho gm¶‘mbo n#mH$mì¶m{Z {H$‘W©‘² Cƒ¡: nR>{V ?
6. A‘o¶: J¥ho gm¶‘mbo n#mH$mì¶m{Z kmZmW©‘² H$W§ nR>{V ?
àý{Z‘m©UmW©‘² C{MV§ n¶m©¶§ {MZwV &
1. AmH$meo ‘oKm: JO©pÝV & (H$:/Ho$) 2. N>mÌ¡: embm emo^Vo & (H$ñ‘¡/H¡$:)
3. IJmZm§ g‘yh: JJZo dV©Vo & (Ho$fm§/H$mgm‘²) 4. {ejH$mZ² à{V AmXa: Amdí¶H$: &(Ho$fm‘²/H$mZ²)
5. Ah‘² AZÝVa§ ^moOZ§ H$amo{‘ & (H$Xm/Hw$Ì) 6. Vo nR>Zm¶ {dÚmb¶§ JÀN>pÝV & (H$Xm/{H$‘W©‘²)

48

^mfmgyÌ‘² - 4

{H«$¶mnXm{Z-3 ø:
bL²>bH$ma: (^yVH$mb:) AJÀN>V²
AImXV²
AÚ ~mbH$: AdXV²
JÀN>{V
ImX{V
dX{V

^yVH$mb: nyd©H$mbo K{Q>Vm§ {H«$¶m§ Xe©¶{V & g§ñH¥$Vo ^yVH$mb̶§ dV©Vo & bL²>, {bQ² VWm bwL²> B{V&
AÌ d¶§ Ho$db§ bL²> (^yVH$mb§) ní¶m‘: & bL²> bH$mao ‘ybYmVmo: nyd©‘² "A' B{V AmJ‘: ^d{V &

क्रियापदसतू ्रम‌् ("A'AmJ‘: + ‘ybYmVw: + JU{dH$aU‘²) = YmËd“‘² + à˶¶:= {H«$¶mnX‘²
(AmXoe:) ({M•‘²)

A + nR² + A = AnR> + V² = AnR>V²
A + Z¥V² + ¶ = AZ¥Ë¶ + V² = AZ¥Ë¶V²
A + {bI² + A = A{bI + V² = A{bIV²
A + nyO² + A¶ = AnyO¶ + V² = AnyO¶V²

bL>²à˶¶m:

n.n. à˶¶m: Am. n. à˶¶m:

E.d. [Ûd. ~.d. E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

à.nw. V² Vm‘² AZ² V BVm‘² AÝV

‘. nw. : V‘² V Wm: BWm‘² Üd‘²

C.nw. A‘² d ‘ B d{h ‘{h

nR²> 1 n.n. bL²>ê$nm{U ^mf² 1 Am. n.

E. d. {Ûd. ~.d. à.nw. E. d. {Ûd. ~.d.
‘.nw. A^mfV A^mfoVm‘² A^mfÝV
à.nw. AnR>V² AnR>Vm‘² AnR>Z² C.nw. A^mfWm: A^mfoWm‘² A^mfÜd‘²
A^mfo A^mfmd{h A^mfm‘{h
‘.nw. AnR>: AnR>V‘² AnR>V à.nw.
C.nw. AnR>‘² AnR>md AnR>m‘ ‘.nw. ¶wY² 4 Am. n.
C.nw.
Z¥V² 4 n. n. E. d. {Ûd. ~.d.
A¶wܶV A¶wܶoVm‘² A¶wܶÝV
E. d. {Ûd. ~.d.
A¶wܶWm: A¶wܶoWm‘² A¶wܶÜd‘²
à.nw. AZ¥Ë¶V² AZ¥Ë¶Vm‘² AZ¥Ë¶Z²
A¶wܶo A¶wܶmd{h A¶wܶm‘{h
‘.nw. AZ¥Ë¶: AZ¥Ë¶V‘² AZ¥Ë¶V

C.nw. AZ¥Ë¶‘² AZ¥Ë¶md AZ¥Ë¶m‘

49

{bI² 6 n.n. {Xe² 6 Am. n.

E. d. {Ûd. ~.d. E. d. {Ûd. ~.d.
à.nw. A{XeV A{XeoVm‘² A{XeÝV
à.nw. A{bIV² A{bIVm‘² A{bIZ² ‘.nw. A{XeWm: A{XeoWm‘² A{XeÜd‘²
‘.nw. A{bI: A{bIV‘² A{bIV C.nw. A{Xeo A{Xemd{h A{Xem‘{h

C.nw. A{bI‘² A{bImd A{bIm‘

nyO² 10 n. n. nyO² 10 Am. n.

E. d. {Ûd. ~.d. E. d. {Ûd. ~.d.
à.nw. AnyO¶V² AnyO¶Vm‘² AnyO¶Z²
‘.nw. AnyO¶: AnyO¶V‘² AnyO¶V à.nw. AnyO¶V AnyO¶oVm‘² AnyO¶ÝV
C.nw. AnyO¶‘² AnyO¶md AnyO¶m‘
‘.nw. AnyO¶Wm: AnyO¶oWm‘² AnyO¶Üd‘²
C.nw. AnyO¶o AnyO¶md{h AnyO¶m‘{h

n#mXedmŠ¶m{Z (n.n./Am.n.) Ag² n.n.
1. g: ~mbH$: AJÀN>V²/A^mfV &
1. gm ~m{bH$m AJÀN>V²/A^mfV & E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.
1. VX² An˶‘² AJÀN>V²/A^mfV & à.nw. AmgrV² AmñVm‘² AmgZ²
2. Vm¡ ~mbH$m¡ AJÀN>Vm‘²/A^mfoVm‘² & ‘.nw. Amgr: AmñV‘² AmñV
2. Vo ~m{bHo$ AJÀN>Vm‘²/A^mfoVm‘² & C.nw. Amg‘² Amñd Amñ‘
2. Vo An˶o AJÀN>Vm‘²/A^mfoVm‘² &
3. Vo ~mbH$m: AJÀN>Z²/A^mfÝV & H¥$ n.n.
3. Vm: ~m{bH$m: AJÀN>Z²/A^mfÝV &
3. Vm{Z An˶m{Z AJÀN>Z²/A^mfÝV & E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.
4. Ëd‘² AJÀN>:/A^mfWm: & à.nw. AH$amoV² AHw$éVm‘² AHw$d©Z²
5. ¶wdm‘² AJÀN>V‘²/A^mfoWm‘² & ‘.nw. AH$amo: AHw$éV‘² AHw$éV
6. ¶y¶‘² AJÀN>V/A^mfÜd‘² & C.nw. AH$ad‘² AHw$d© AHw$‘©
7. Ah‘² AJÀN>‘²/A^mfo &
8. Amdm‘² AJÀN>md/A^mfmd{h & H¥$ Am.n.
9. d¶‘² AJÀN>m‘/A^mfm‘{h &
E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

à.nw. AHw$éV AHw$dm©Vm‘² AHw$d©V

‘.nw. AHw$éWm: AHw$dm©Wm‘² AHw$éÜd‘²

C.nw. AHw${d© AHw$d©{h AHw$‘©{h

AݶmZ² YmVyZ² Cn¶wÁ¶ 15 dmŠ¶m{Z dXV &

50

1. H$ݶm OZH$‘² AÝdJÀN>V² & {H«$¶mnXm{Z-4
3. AOw©Z: aWo Cnm{deV² &
CngJ©g{hVm{Z bL²>ê$nm{U &
2. N>mÌ: {ejH$‘² à˶dXV² &
4. ~mb: OZZt ÑîQ‰m ì¶hgV² &

AYmoaopIVm{Z bL²{H«$¶mnXm{Z & {H$ÝVw AÌ "A' B{V AmJ‘: ñnï>V¶m Z Ñí¶Vo &

1) AÝdJÀN>V² = AZw+ AJÀN>V² 2) à˶dXV² = à{V+ AdXV²

3) Cnm{deV² = Cn+ A{deV² 4) ì¶hgV² = {d+ AhgV²

AÌ AZw, à{V, Cn, {d EVo CngJm©: & CngJm©: YmVmo: nydª ^dpÝV &

bL²>ê$n{Z‘m©Ug‘¶o àW‘§ "A' B{V AmJ‘g{hVê$n§ ^d{V & AZÝVa§ CngJ©g§¶moOZ§ ^d{V &

à + J‘² - bL²>bH$ma: g‘² + ^mf² - bL²>bH$ma:

1. à + AJÀN>V² = àmJÀN>V² 2. g‘² + A^mfV = g‘^mfV

à{V + J‘² -JÀN>² (1 n.n.) g‘² + ^mf² (1 Am.n.)

E.d. [Ûd. ~.d. E.d. [Ûd. ~.d.
à. nw. à˶JÀN>V² à˶JÀN>Vm‘² à˶JÀN>Z²
‘.nw. à˶JÀN>: à˶JÀN>V‘² à˶JÀN>V à. nw. g‘^mfV g‘^mfoVm‘² g‘^mfÝV
C.nw. à˶JÀN>‘² à˶JÀN>md à˶JÀN>m‘
‘.nw. g‘^mfWm: g‘^mfoWm‘² g‘^mfÜd‘²

C.nw. g‘^mfo g‘^mfmd{h g‘^mfm‘{h

• C{MV§ bL²>ê$n§ {bIV & ^mfmä¶mg:

YmVw: JU: nX§ M nwéf: dMZ§ M ê$n‘²

1. {bI² 6 n. n. àW‘nwéf: ~. d.

2. Vwf² 4 n. n. CÎm‘nwéf: E. d.

3. ew^² (emo^²) 1 Am. n. ‘ܶ‘nwéf: ~. d.

4. god² 1 Am. n. CÎm‘nwéf: {Ûd.

5. CV² +nV² 1 n. n. àW‘nwéf: ~. d.

6. ¶wY² 4 Am. n. CÎm‘nwéf: ~. d.

7. ^j² 10 Am. n. àW‘nwéf: {Ûd.

8. Am+H$U©² 10 Am. n. ‘ܶ‘nwéf: E. d.

9. OZ² (Om) 4 Am. n. CÎm‘nwéf: ~. d.

10. H$ån² 1 n. n. ‘ܶ‘nwéf: {Ûd.

¶Xm YmVmo: àW ‘mja§ ñda: ^d{V VXm {deofV¶m AdYmZ‘² Amdí¶H$‘² &

"A' AmJ‘: + YmVw-AmXoe: + JU{dH$aU‘² = YmËd“§ + à˶¶: = {H«$¶mnXê$n‘²

1. A + AQ² + A = AmQ> + V² = AmQ>V² (AÌ "A' ñWmZo "Am' ^d{V &)

2. A + B©j² + A = Eoj + V = EojV (AÌ "B©' ñWmZo "Eo' ^d{V &)

3. A + Bf²(BÀN²) + A = EoÀN> + V = EoÀN>V² (AÌ "B' ñWmZo "Eo' ^d{V &)

51

A춶m{Z-{d{eï>{d^³V¶ü &

H¥$frdb: &
¶Xm H¥$frdb: joÌo ~rOm{Z dn{V VXm Ymݶ§ {dÝXVo & H¥$frdb: Am{XZ‘² AVrd H$ï>§ H$amo{V,
VWm{n Z lmÝV: ^d{V & ~brdXm©Zm§ gmhmæ¶oZ ^yq‘ H¥$f{V & joÌo Ed {XZ§ ¶mn¶{V & ¶{X Ob§ Z
df©{V V{h© Vñ¶ OrdZ‘² ApñWa§ ^d{V & ^y{‘nwÌm¶ Z‘: &
AÌ AYmoaopIVmZ² eãXmZ² ní¶V & EVofw eãXofw H$Xm{n 춶: (n[adV©Z§) Z ^d{V & AV: EVm{Z
A춶m{Z B{V CÀ¶ÝVo & AV:, ¶V:, ¶Wm, VWm, ¶{X, V{h©, ¶Ú{n, VWm{n, AÌ, VÌ, Hw$Ì, H$Xm,
H${V, nwaV:, n¥ð>V:, nwZ:, Z, AZÝVa‘², ZZw, Ibw, A{¶, Am‘², B{V, Bd, Ed, Ed‘², {H$b, VV:,
M, Cƒ¡:, ZrM¡:, {h, d¡, Vw, A{n B˶mXr{Z A춶m{Z &

H$m{ZMZ A춶m{Z {d{eï>-{d^p³Vê$n‘² AnojÝVo & Vm{Z AY: {Z{X©ï>m{Z &

1. A{^V: = ({ÛVr¶m) gy¶©‘² A{^V: J«hm: ^«‘pÝV &
2. n[aV: = ({ÛVr¶m) Xodmb¶§ n[aV: ^³Vm: gpÝV &
3. C^¶V: = ({ÛVr¶m) ‘mJ©‘² C^¶V: d¥jm: dV©ÝVo &
4. à{V = ({ÛVr¶m) ~mbH$: OZZt à{V Ymd{V &
5. {dZm = ({ÛVr¶m/V¥Vr¶m/n#m‘r) Ob§/OboZ/ObmV² {dZm OrdZ‘² AeŠ¶‘² &
6. gh = (V¥Vr¶m) am‘oU gh grVm dZ§ JÀN>{V &
7. Ab‘² = (V¥Vr¶m) Ab§ ImXZoZ & Ab§ n[al‘oU &
8. Z‘: = (MVwWu) lrJUoem¶ Z‘: & emaXm¶¡ Z‘: &
9. ~{h: = (n#m‘r) Oå~yH$: Hy$nmV² ~{h: AmJÀN>V² &
10. H¥$Vo = (fð>r) Xoeñ¶ H¥$Vo g¡{ZH$m: ñdàmUmZ² ˶OpÝV &
11. g‘rno = (fð>r) embm¶m: g‘rno H«$sS>m“U§ dV©Vo &

Ho$MZ YmVd: A{n {d{eï>m§ {d^p³V‘² AnojÝVo & Vofw {deofV¶m AdYmZ§ XmV춑² & Vo YmVd: AY: {Z{X©ï>m: &

1. J‘² = ({ÛVr¶m) Ah§ embm§ JÀN>m{‘ &
2. éM² = (MVwWu) H«$sS>ZH§$ ‘ø§ amoMVo &
3. Hw$n² = (MVwWu) OZH$: ‘ø§ H$Xm{n Z Hw$߶{V &
4. H«w$Y² = (MVwWu) Ah§ {‘Ìoä¶: Z¡d H«w$ܶm{‘ &
5. Xm-¶ÀN² = (MVwWu) Am{X˶: A{ZHo$Vm¶ boIZt ¶ÀN>{V &
6. H$W² = (MVwWu) N>mÌ: {ejH$m¶ d¥ÎmmÝV§ H$W¶{V &
7. aj² = (n#m‘r) am‘: AgwamV² aj{V &
8. {d + a‘² = (n#m‘r) CÚmoJr ‘Zwî¶: ñdH$m¶m©V² Z {da‘{V &
9. pñZh² = (gá‘r) Aå~m ‘{¶ {ZVam§ pñZø{V &

52

H$jm-Aï>‘r H¥${Vn{ÌH$m {ÛVr¶-gÌ‘² (25 JwUm:) g‘¶:- 1 hmoam
1
à.1. (A) {M̧ ÑîQ‰m Zm‘ {bIV &(3 V: 2)
१२ ३

(Am) ¶mo½¶‘² CÎma§ {MZwV & 1
& (AmoîR>ç:/Vmbì¶:)
(H$) H²$ I² J² K² -- & (L²>/Äm²) (I) "M²' B{V dU©:

AWdm dU©{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & dO«àhmamV² - &

(B) Aja¡: AL²>H¡$: dm gL²>»¶m: {bIV & (Ho$db‘² 2) 1
&
1) 2 & 2) ZdXe & 3) 36
1
(B©) g‘¶§ Xe©¶V & (Ho$db‘² 1)

1) gnmXgádmXZ‘² 3)

à.2. (A) ‘ÄOyfmV: g‘mZmW©H$eãXmZ² {bIV & (Ho$db‘² 2) 1
1) emo^Vo 2) dZ‘² 3) ‘Zwî¶: 4) nwîn‘²

(Hw$gw‘‘², ‘mZd:, amOVo, H$mZZ‘²)

(Am) {déÕmW©H$-eãX¶w½‘§ {MZwV & (Ho$db‘² 2) 2
j¶:, ‘yI©:, gwI‘², npÊS>V:, Aj¶:, H$mVa:, Yra:, Xþ:I‘²

(B) ‘obZ§ Hw$éV & 1
2
"A' "~'
1) XrKm© A) {dMmam: &

2) g‘mZm: ~) ‘m{nH$m &

S>) gwYmIÊS>: &

à.3. (A) ûcmoH$ny{Vª Hw$éV & (Ho$db‘² 1)

1) A‘ÝÌ‘ja§ ..................Xþb©^: && 2) eVofw .................. Z dm &&

(Am$) EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎma§ {bIV & (Ho$db‘² 2) 2

1) Xod: Hw$Ì dV©Vo? 2) nwam gd} nd©Vm: H$sÑem:?

3) Aíd: {H$‘² C„”¶{V ? 4) amOm Hw$Ì nyÁ¶Vo?

à. 4 (A)(H$) ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m JÚm§eñ¶ gabmWª {bIV & (Ho$db‘² 1) 4

1) ‘mé{V: grVm¶m: AÝdofUmWª b‘m§ à{V CÈ>¶Vo & ‘mJ} ‘hmgmJa: ApñV & Vñ¶ Vbo AdV©V ‘¡ZmH$:
Zm‘ nd©V: & ¶Xm ‘¡ZmH$: JJZo ‘méqV ní¶{V VXm g: CÒÀN>{V & g‘wÐmV² ~{h: Am¶m{V &

53

2) EH$pñ‘Z² {XZo ^moOZdobm¶m§ gd} Jmonm: H¥$îU§ n[aV: Cnm{deZ² & XodH$sZÝXZ: Jmon~mbmZ² An¥ÀN>V² &
""AÚ ^moOZmWª {H$‘² AmZrV‘² ?'' B{V & VXm àW‘: AdXV², ""‘‘ g‘rno XܶmoXZ§ dV©Vo &''
Ana: A^mfV, ""‘‘ g‘rno n¥WwH$m: &''

(I>) ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m nÚm§eñ¶ gabmWª {bIV & (Ho$db‘² 1) 2
1) A{n ñdU©‘¶r b‘m Z ‘o bú‘U amoMVo &

OZZr OÝ‘^y{‘ûM ñdJm©X{n Jar¶gr &&

2) Anmao H$mì¶g§gmao H${daoH$: àOmn{V: &

¶Wmñ‘¡ amoMVo {dûd§ VWm d¡ n[adV©Vo &&

(Am) ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎma§ {bIV & (Ho$db‘² 1) 2

1) ""Z emo^Vo {H«$¶mhrZ§ ‘Ywa§ dMZ§ VWm'' & EVX² dmŠ¶§ ñd^mf¶m ñnï>rHw$éV &

2) CnH$mañ¶ ñ‘aU§ ‘¡ZmHo$Z H$W§ H¥$V‘²?

à.5. (A) n¥WH²$ Hw$éV & (Ho$db‘² 4/6) 2

Zm‘ gd©Zm‘ {H«$¶mnX‘² {deofU‘²

(‘ÄOyfm-ndZXod:, Mb{V, AJÀN>V², eya:, Efm, boIZr)

(Am) AYmoXÎmofw Ho$db§ àýÛ¶ñ¶ CÎmam{U {bIV & 4

(1) ¶mo½¶{d^p³Vê$n§ {bIV & (Ho$db‘² 2)

1) OZH$: (Añ‘X²) Z H$Xm{n H«w$ܶ{V & 2) Ah§ (Xodmb¶) JÀN>m{‘ &

3) AJ«Om (AZwOm) pñZø{V &

(2) A춶ñ¶ Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm dmŠ¶{Z‘m©U§ Hw$éV & (Ho$db‘² 2)

1) AÌ 2) C^¶V: 3) Z‘:

(3) ewÕ§ eãX§ {MZwV & (Ho$db‘² 2)

1) Xþ½Y‘², Xÿ½Y‘² 2) h[aV:, harV: 3) {M•‘², {MÝh‘² 4) Hw$pÝMH$m, Hw${#mH$m

(4) gyMZmZwgma§ dmŠ¶n[adV©Z§ Hw$éV & (Ho$db‘² 2 dmŠ¶o)

1) XeaWñ¶ nwÌ: am‘: & (AYmoaopIV§ eãX‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ àý{Z‘m©U§ Hw$éV & )

2) Ëd§ {‘Ìm¶ boIZt ¶ÀN>{g& (Ëd‘² B˶ñ¶ ñWmZo Ah‘² B˶ñ¶ Cn¶moJ§ Hw$éV &)

3) {ejH$: gwYmIÊS>oZ {bI{V & (~hþdMZ§ Hw$éV&)

***

54

Aï>‘r H$jm-‘y붑mnZ‘² &

àW‘§/{ÛVr¶§ gÌ‘² - (50 JwUm:) ‘m¡pIH$s narjm (5 JwUm:)

g‘ {bV-‘y붑mnZ‘²- l dmMZ‘² - 2 JwUm¡&

25 boIr + 5 ‘m¡pIH$s 30 JwUm: & (dUm}ƒmam:, g²/f², Z²/U² ^oXm: Ðï>ì¶m:)

AmH$m[aH$-‘y붑mnZ‘²- 20 JwUm: & l H$ÊR>ñWrH$aU‘² - 3 JwUm:&
1) dJ©narjm- (àmê$nmZwgma‘²) 10 JwUm: & àmW©Zm, ûcmoH$nR>Z‘², Vm{bH$mnR>Z‘² (Zm‘, gd©Zm‘,

2) àH$ën:- (Ame¶mYm[aV‘²) 3 JwUm: & {H«$¶mnX‘²) n#mXedmŠ¶m{Z, gL²>»¶m: KQ>r M &

3) CnH«$‘:- (boIZH$m¡eë¶mYm[aV‘²) 2 JwUm: &

4) boIZnwpñVH$m- 3 JwUm: &

5) H$jmñdmܶm¶:- 2 JwUm: &

àW‘ / {ÛVr¶-gÌmÝV-narjm (25 JwUm:) gy{MV-àmê$n‘² &

à.1. A) {M̧ ÑîQ‰m Zm‘ {bIV & (3 V: 2) ({MÌnXH$mofV: &) 1
Am) dU©‘mbm-AmYmaoU& 1
B) gL²>»¶m-AmYmaoU& (3 V: 2) 1
B©) g‘¶~moY: (KQ>r-AmYmaoU) & (2 V: 1) 1

à. 2. eãXkmZ-AmYmaoU & (H¥${Vn{ÌH$m{Z‘m©Ug‘¶o {ejH$m: {d{dYH¥$VrZm‘² Cn¶moJ§ H$Vw©‘² Ah©pÝV &

¶Wm (1) MVwW©nX§ {bIV & (2) ‘ÄOyfmV: eãXmZ² {MZwV & (3) eãX¶w½‘§ {MZwV &

(4) ‘obZ‘² & (5) OmbaoIm{M̧ nya¶V &(6) g‘yhoVanX§ {MZwV-Ho$db§ g‘mZmW©H$nXmZm§ H¥$Vo &)

A) g‘mZmW©H$eãXm: & (4 V: 2) 1

Am) {déÕmW©H$eãXm: &(4 V: 2) 1

B) {deofU§ {deo M & 1

à. 3. A) íbmoH$ny{V©§ Hw$éV & (2 V: 1) 2

Am) EH$dmŠ¶oZ CÎma§ {bIV & (JÚ‘²/nÚ‘²) (4 V: 2) 2

à. 4 A) (H$) ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m gabmWª {bIV & (JÚ‘²) 4

àW‘§ gÌ‘² - H$mݶ{n 6 gabm{Z dm³¶m{Z & (6 V: 4)

{ÛVr¶§ gÌ‘² - n[aÀN>oXÛ¶§ àï>춑² & à{Vn[aÀN>oX§ 4/5 dm³¶m{Z & (nmR> H«$. 11, 12, 14)

(I) ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m gabmWª {bIV & (nÚ‘²) (2 V: 1) 2

àW‘§ gÌ‘² - nÚ 9 & {ÛVr¶§ gÌ‘² - nÚ 10, 13 &

Am) ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎma§ {bIV & (JÚ‘²/nÚ‘²) (2 V: 1) 2

à. 5. A) n¥WH²$ Hw$éV & (Vm{bH$mê$noU) Zm‘, gd©Zm‘, {H«$¶mnX‘², {deofU‘²& (6 V: 4) 2

Am) AYmoXÎmofw Ho$db§ àýÛ¶ñ¶ CÎmam{U {bIV & 4

1) ¶mo½¶§ {d^p³Vê$n§ {bIV &

2) A춶ñ¶ Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm dmŠ¶§ {bIV & (AÌ, ø:, nwaV: ...)

3) ewÕ§ eãX§/dmŠ¶§ {MZwV &

4) gyMZmZwgma§ dmŠ¶n[adV©Z§ Hw$éV & (dMZ§/nwéf:/H$mbn[adV©Z‘²/àý{Z‘m©U‘²)

***



‘hmamï´>amÁ¶-nmR>çnwñVH$-{Z{‘©{V: VWm
Aä¶mgH«$‘-g§emoYZ-‘ÊS>b‘², nwUo-4

` 29.00

gw^m{fVm{Z

A‘aH$mof: