101 notehead nota boshi notepad bloknot object obyekt oboe goboy octave oktava omni mode MIDI-axborotlarini barcha kanallardan bir xil qabul qilish holati one-bar repeat bir taktli volta open ochish (odatda fayl, oyna) open hat ochiq pedal tarelkasi, ochiq xet optimization optimizatsiya optimize nota matnini optimallash option o‘rnatish, “opsiya”» OS, o.s. operatsion tizim, OS output chiqish signali, chiqish interfeysi, chiqish bog‘lami, chiqish overdub ustiga qo‘yish overlap to‘sish overload qayta belgilash overwrite ustidan yozish, almashtirish palette palitra, dasturda ishlash uchun ma’lum cholg‘ularni tanlash pan tovushning makonda taralish holati (stereo, kvadro va b.), panorama, panoramalash parametric equalizer parametrik ekvalayzer part partiya paste buferdan olib joylash patch tembr, asbob, klaviaturanning joylashuvi peak cho‘qqi (pik)
102 peak filter chegaralovchi pedal bosqich (pedal) pedal hat pedal tarelkasi, xet, charlston percussion zarbli cholg‘ular percussion staff “ip” (zarbli cholg‘ular uchun bir chiziqli nota yo‘li) performance ijro phaser fazer phrase fraza phrase synthesizer fraza sintezatori piano fortepiano piano brace fortepiano akkoladasi piece musiqiy asar pink noise pushti shovqin pitch balandlik pitch bend tovush balandligini o‘zgartiruvchi g‘ildirak, pichbend pitch wheel tovush balandligini o‘zgartiruvchi gardish pixel ekran nuqtasi, piksel Play chalish, ijro etish, yozuv tarannumi playback tarannum, eshittirish point nuqta poly mode ko‘p ovozli holat polyphonic polifonik portamento tovush balandligining asta sekin o‘zgarishi portamento portamento pedal tovush balandligini o‘zgartiruvchi pedal portamento switch tovush balandligini o‘zgartiruvchi bosqich portamento time tovush balandligini asta-sekin o‘zgartirish vaqti
103 PostScript listing PostScript formatidagi grafik obraz pre-delay old to‘xtalma preferences sozlash, dastlabki rostlash pre-scan skanerlash joyining dastlabki nazorati press bosish preview dstlabki tinglov, ko‘rik print bosib chiqarish printer printer processor protsessor (kompyuterning muhim qismlaridan biri) program change tembr o‘zgartirish dasturi ProTools Macintosh kompyuterlarida ovoz yozish, tenglash, qayta ishlash tizimi pulse wave impulsli signal punch in ovoz yozuvini avtomatik yoqish punch out ovoz yozuvini avtomatik o‘chirish quadro kvadro quantization tekislash quantization level tekislash darajasi quantize to‘g‘rilash, “kvantlash” quarter note chorak nota quit chiqish range ko‘lam (diapazon) ratio ko‘paytirish realtime, real-time real vaqt, real vaqt holati rebar taktirovkani tekshirish va o‘zgartirish rebeam notalarni guruhlash record yozish redisplay qayta ekranga chiqarish
104 redraw qayta chizish reject filter rejektorli filtr release klavishni bo‘shatish remote control masofadan boshqarish remove o‘chirish, olib tashlash rename qayta nomlash reopen qayta ochish (odatda fayl, oyna) repeat bar takrorlash belgisi, repriza belgisi replace almashtirish replicate takrorlash, qaytarish resample qayta sempllash (raqamli signal balandligi va tezligini saqlagan holda) reset qayta yoqish resize o‘lchovni o‘zgartirish resolution yechim respace makonda qayta taqsimlash rest pauza restore tiklash return key kiritish klavishasi reverberation sado (reverberatsiya) rhythmic ritmli rhythmic notation ritmli notatsiya ride cymbal tarelka room 1. makon; 2. xona, xona akustikasi room reverb xona sadosi ruler lineyka sample [aynan – “namuna”], sempllangan tovush sample rate diskretizatsiya chastotasi sampler sempler
105 save saqlash, xotirada olib qolish (odatda fayl) save as... qanday saqlash... (odatda fayl nomini yoki turini o‘zgartirishda) SAW, SAW Plus Windowsda musiqaning ko‘p kanalli tenglash dasturi sawtooth wave arrasimon signal scale 1. gamma; 2. daraja scale view ko‘rinish ko‘lamini o‘zgartirish score nota matni, partitura score editor nota muharriri scratch o‘chirish taxtasi (zarbli cholg‘u) screen ekran scroll aylantirish scroll view aylantirish holati (rejim) SCSI ma’lumotlar o‘tkazish “skazi” interfeysi SCSI drive “skazi” interfeysli qurilma second sekunda (musiqiy interval) select tanlash send yuborish send patch yangi cholg‘u o‘rnatilgani haqida ma’lumot yuborish sequence sekvensiya, MIDI-axborotlar ketma-ketligi sequencer sekvenser, MIDI-ma’lumotlarni yozish, tahrir va tarannum ettirish qurilmasi (dasturi) setup o‘rnatish seventh septima sharp diyez shift o‘tkazish, hamda klavishlarning yuqori registriga o‘tish
106 shift-click shift klavishasini bosish orqali sichqonning o‘ng tugmasini bosish side stick gardishga zarb berish silence jimlik, pauza simplify yengillashtirish sine wave sinusoidal signal single-line bir ovoz sixteenth note o‘n oltitalik nota sixth seksta skip o‘tkazib yuborish slap slep (gitara va bas-gitarada chalish uslubi) slash egri chiziq slash notation nota matnini egri chiziq holida aks ettirish slashed grace note chiziqli forshlag slow down sekinlatish slur liga (bog‘lab chalish belgisi) smooth yumshatish snapshot momental tasvir snare kichik baraban soft pedal chap yopish pedali soften yengillatish solid line yo‘g‘on chiziq solo yakkaxon, solo song pyesa, to‘liq kompozitsiya Sound Designer Atari yoki Macintosh tovush sintezi va qayta ishlovi dasturi Sound Forge Windows tovush sintezi va qayta ishlovi dasturi sound synthesis tovush sintezi
107 source manba’, boshlang‘ich punkt space oraliq, kenglik spatial stereo kenglik (makoniylik) stereosi special maxsus spectral spektral speed up tezlatish (temp) speedy note entry nota matnini jadal kiritish spelling nazorat (tekshirish) split bo‘lish; kesim split point bo‘lish nuqtasi square click elektron metronom square wave to‘g‘ri burchakli signal staccato stakkato, uzib chalish stadium reverb stadion akustikasi staff nota yo‘li staff line nota yo‘li chiziqlari staff set nota yo‘llarini terish stem nota kaltakchasi (shtil) step qadam stereo stereo sticks kaltakchalar stop stop, tarannumni to‘xtatish storage device jamlama (nakopitel) stretch cho‘zish sustain to‘xtam (zaderjka) sustain pedal to‘xtam pedali swap joylarni almashtirish swing sving syllable bo‘g‘in
108 synchronization sinxronizatsiya synchronize sinxronlash syncopation sinkopalash synthesizer sintezator system exclusive maxsus tizimli xabar tablature tabulatura tap zarb tempo temp (musiqa sur’ati) temporary, temp vaqtinchalik text box matn oynasi thickness qalinligi thin line ingichka (liniya) chiziq third tersiya threshold ostona tick tik, nota cho‘zimining sekvenser birligi, odatda 1 chorak = 192 tikga teng (Cubase dasturida 1 chorak = 384 tikga teng) tie liga (bir xil balandlikdagi notalarni bog‘lovchi) time dilation vaqtinchalik og‘ish, sur’atdan (tempdan) og‘ish time signature o‘lchov (musiqiy) time tag vaqtli jild toggle o‘tkazish torn tom-tom tool cholg‘u, asbob tool set cholg‘ular jamlamasi top sahifa boshi (yuqorisi) track yo‘lak transcribe aylantirish (odatda, MIDI-buyrug‘ini nota matniga)
109 transpose transpozitsiya qilish transposition transpozitsiya treble clef skripka kaliti triangle wave uchburchakli signal trim kesib olish triplet triol trombone trombon trumpet truba truncate oxirlarini kesish tuba tuba two-bar repeat ko‘ptaktli volta two-handed ikki qo‘l uchun undo bekor qilish (odatda oxirgi harakatni) update yangilash value ahamiyat variable o‘zgaruvchan velocity klavishni (tezlik) bosish kuchi; ayrim dasturlarda – tarannum darajasi velocity off klavishni qo‘yib borish sur’ati velocity on tugmachani bosish (tezlik) kuchi vibrato vibrato violin skripka Vision Macintosh uchun sekvenser dasturi voice ovoz, ohang yo‘li volume qattiqlik, balandik waltz vals wave, waveform, to‘lqinli shakl, ossillogramma wavesample sempl tovush, sempl waveshape tovush to‘lqining davriy shakli
110 wheel gardish white noise oq shovqin whole note butun nota window oyna word extension so‘zlarni kengaytirish zero crossing nol amplituda nuqtasi
111 Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar 1. Динов В.Г. Звуковая картина: Записки о звукорежиссуре (учебное пособие). Издание третье, среотипное. –СПб: Издательство «Лань», 2012. 2. Mirzayev A.A. Ovoz kuchaytirish apparaturasi va xavfsizlik texnikasi. –T., 2013. 3. Филипп Ньюэлл. Звукозапись: Акустика помещений. –СПб., Корона принт, 2004. 4. Bobby Owsinski. The Mixing Engineer’s HandBook, 2013. –288 pages. 5. David Gibson. The Art of Mixing: A Visual Guide to Recording. 6. Меерзон Б. Акустические основы звукорежиссуры. –М., 2004. 7. Сергеев М. Теория и практика стереофонического радиовещания – СПб., 2003. 8. Гущин В.Н., Насыров М.З. Оборудование студий и системы звукозаписи. Часть 1. Изд. «Мусиқа», 2004. 9. Ковальгин Ю.А., Борисенко А.Б., Гензель Г.С. Акустические основы стереофонии. –М., Изд. «Связь», 1978. 10. Бюьик П. Жывой звук. –М., 1998. 11. Сапожков М.А. Электроакустика. –М., Изд. «Связь», 1978. 12. Урбанский Б. Электроакустика. –М., Изд. «Радио и связь», 1981. 13. Эфрусси М.М. Микрофоны и их применение. –М., Изд. «Энергия», 1974. 14. Тим Кинтцель. Руководство программиста по работе со звуком. ДМК, 2000. 15. Гафурова Ш.А. Компьютерные музыкальные технологии. –Т., 2007.
112 MUNDARIJA bet. Kirish .............................................................................................................. 3 1. Ovoz yozish studiyalari ............................................................................. 4 2. Studiyalarning akustik ishlov talablari ...................................................... 7 3. Studiya ovoz muhofazasi .......................................................................... 9 4. Studiyani yoritish ...................................................................................... 9 5. Studiyaning apparatxona bilan bog‘lanuvchi tizimlari ............................. 10 6. Aks-sado xonasi ........................................................................................ 10 7. Ovoz yozish apparatxonasi ....................................................................... 12 8. Miksher pulti ............................................................................................. 15 Solid State Logik Oxford England SL4000G+ miksher pulti ................. 19 Dinamik seksiya (Dynamics section)........................................................ 20 Ekvalayzer va filtrlash seksiyasi .............................................................. 21 Daraja indikatorlari .................................................................................. 21 Goniometr ................................................................................................ 22 AUX SENDS ........................................................................................... 23 GROUP OUTPUT SESTION .................................................................. 24 ROUTING MATRIX ............................................................................... 24 Bosh (asosiy) QUAD BUS ...................................................................... 24 Yuqori (pik) darajalar indikatori .............................................................. 24 Kirish va chiqish nazorati ........................................................................ 25 Analog kommutator (The Patch) .............................................................. 25 Korrelyator ............................................................................................... 27 Apparat xonasining qo‘shimcha jihozlari .................................................... 27 YAMAHA 02R raqamli miksher pulti va uning imkoniyatlari .................. 28 NS – 10M STUDIO ...................................................................................... 34 MS 400 – AKTIV (faol) MONITORI .......................................................... 35 Apparaturani yoqish ..................................................................................... 35 Kirish yo‘li darajalarini o‘rnatish ................................................................. 36
113 EQ ................................................................................................................. 37 Kompressor (Compressor) ........................................................................... 38 Shovqin yutuvchi (GATE) ........................................................................... 39 «O‘zbekiston» xalqaro tantanalar saroyida STAGETEC tizimlari .............. 41 9. MD 8-minidisk rekorder + miksher .......................................................... 46 Rekorder ................................................................................................... 47 14. Mikrofonlar .............................................................................................. 49 Audio-Technica AT803B yoqa(petlichniy) mikrofoni ............................ 55 15. Subyektiv nazorat ..................................................................................... 57 Nazorat agregatlari ................................................................................... 57 Ruporli elektrodinamik radiokarnaylar .................................................... 63 Guruhli taratuvchilar ................................................................................ 64 Nazorat agregatlarini joylashtirish ........................................................... 65 19. Ovoz yozish tizimlari ............................................................................... 66 Monofoniya .............................................................................................. 67 Stereofoniya ............................................................................................. 68 «A V» tizimi ............................................................................................. 69 «X Y» tizimi ............................................................................................. 70 «MS» tizimi .............................................................................................. 71 Kombinatsiyalangan tizimlar ................................................................... 72 Kvadrofoniya ............................................................................................ 73 20. Signalni qayta ishlash ............................................................................... 75 Tovushga ishlov berish ............................................................................ 75 EQ-9231 grafik ekvalayzeri ..................................................................... 78 PEQ-9115 parametrik ekvalayzeri ........................................................... 78 CN-9102 – ikki kanalli kompressor, limiter, shovqinbosgich ................. 79 TDS-9130 – raqamli kechiktiruv bloki .................................................... 79 Sun’iy reverberatsiya ............................................................................... 80 Darajani avtomatik ravishda boshqarish .................................................. 82 Yozuv texnik sifatini baholash ................................................................. 85
114 24. Xulosa………………………………………………………………….. 89 24. Ilova. Ingliz tilidagi atamalarning qisqacha lug‘ati ................................ 90 25. Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ....................................................................... 111 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ стр. Введение ........................................................................................................ 3 1. Студии звукозаписи ................................................................................ 4 2. Акустические требования студий .......................................................... 7 3. Звуковая защита студий ......................................................................... 9 4. Освещение студии ................................................................................... 9 5. Системы связи студии и аппаратной ..................................................... 10 6. Помещение эхо ........................................................................................ 10 7. Аппаратная звукозаписи ......................................................................... 12 8. Микшерский пульт .................................................................................. 15 Микшерский пульт + Solid State Logik Oxford Englаnd SL4000G ..... 19 Динамическая секция (Dynamics section)............................................. 20 Эквалайзер и секция фильтрации ......................................................... 21 Индикаторы степени .............................................................................. 21 Гониометр ............................................................................................... 22 AUX SENDS ........................................................................................... 23 GROUP OUTPUT SEСTION ................................................................. 24 ROUTING MATRIX ............................................................................... 24 Главный (основной) QUAD BUS .......................................................... 24 Индикаторы высокой (пиковой) степени ............................................ 24 Контроли входа и выхода ...................................................................... 25 Аналог коммутатор (The Patch) ............................................................ 25 Коррелятор .............................................................................................. 27 Дополнительные оборудования аппаратной ........................................... 27 Цифровой микшерный пульт Yamaha 02R и его возможности ............. 28
115 NS – 10M STUDIO ...................................................................................... 34 Монитор (активный) MS 400 – АКТИВ .................................................... 35 Включение аппаратуры .............................................................................. 35 Установка степеней входа .......................................................................... 36 EQ ................................................................................................................. 37 Компрессор (Compressor) .......................................................................... 38 Шумопоглатитель (GATE) ......................................................................... 39 Системы STAGETEC в международном дворце торжеств «O‘zbekiston» ................................................................................................. 41 9. MD 8-минидиск рекордер + микшер ..................................................... 46 Рекордер .................................................................................................. 47 14. Микрофоны ............................................................................................. 49 Микрофон (петличный) ......................................................................... 55 15. Субъективный контроль ........................................................................ 57 Контрольные агрегаты ........................................................................... 57 Рупорные электродинамические колонки ........................................... 63 Групповые распространители ............................................................... 64 Размещение контрольных агрегатов .................................................... 65 19. Системы звукозаписи ............................................................................. 66 Монофония ............................................................................................. 67 Стереофония ........................................................................................... 68 Система «А В» ........................................................................................ 69 Система «Х У» ........................................................................................ 70 Система МS ............................................................................................. 71 Комбинированные системы .................................................................. 72 Квадрофония ........................................................................................... 73 20. Обработка сигнала ................................................................................. 75 Обработка звука ..................................................................................... 75 Графический эквалайзер EQ-9231 ........................................................ 78 Параметрический эквалайзер PEQ-9115 .............................................. 78
116 Двухканальный компрессор CN-9102, лимитер, шумоподавитель .. 79 Цифровой блок задержки TDS-9130 .................................................... 79 Искусственная реверберация ................................................................ 80 Автоматическое управление степени .................................................. 82 Оценка технического качества записи ................................................. 85 Заключение.............................................................................................. 89 24. Приложение. Краткий словарь терминов на английском языке ...... 90 25. Использованная литература ................................................................. 112 CONTENT pages. Introduction ……………………………………………………..…… 3 1. Recording studios ………………………………………………..…. 4 2. Acoustic Requirements for studios ………………………………… 7 3. Studios Sound Protection ……………………………………….….. 9 4. Lighting the studio…………………………………………………… 9 5. Studio’s communication systems and hardware ………………..…… 10 6. Echo room ……………………………………………………..…….. 10 7. Hardware recording ………………………………………………….. 12 8. Mixing console ………………………………………………………. 14 Mixing console + Solid State Logik Oxford England SL4000G…….. 19 Dynamics section ……………………………………………………. 20 Equalizer and filtering section ………………………………………. 21 Indicators of gradation ………………………………………………. 21 Goniometer …………………………………………………………. 22 AUX SENDS ………………………………………………………. 23 GROUP OUTPUT SESTION ……………………………………… 24 ROUTING MATRIX ………………………………………………. 24 General (main) QUAD BUS ………………………………………. 24 Indicators of high (peak) degrees ………………………………….. 24
117 Entry and Exit Controls ……………………………………………. 25 Counterpart switchboard (The Patch) ……………………………… 25 Correlator …………………………………………………………… 27 Additional equipment of hardware ……………………………………. 27 Digital mixing console Yamaha 02R and its capabilities …………….. 28 NS – 10M STUDIO …………………………………………………… 34 Monitor (active) MS 400 – AKTIV …………………………………… 35 Turning off the equipment………………………………………………. 35 Setting degrees of entry …………………………………………….. 37 EQ ……………………………………………………………………… 37 Compressor …………………………………………………………... 38 Sound attenuator (GATE) ………………………………………………. 39 STAGETEC systems in the international palace of celebrations “Uzbekiston” ……………………………………………………………. 41 9. MD 8- minidisk recorder + mixer……………………………………. 46 Recorder ……………………………………………………………. 47 14. Microphones ………………………………………………………… 49 Microphone (lapel) ………………………………………………….. 55 15. Subjective control …………………………………………………… 57 Control units ………………………………………………………… 57 Horn electrodynamic speakers …………………………………….... 63 Group Distributors …………………………………………………. 64 Placement of control units …………………………………………. 65 19. Recording systems ………………………………………………….. 66 Monophony………………………………………………………… 67 Stereo ……………………………………………………………….. 68 «A B» System ………………………………………………………. 69 «X Y» System ………………………………………………………. 70 MS System …………………………………………………………. 71 Combined systems …………………………………………………. 72
118 Quadrophony ………………………………………………………. 73 20. Signal processing …………………………………………………… 75 Sound processing …………………………………………………… 75 Graphic equalizer EQ-9231 ………………………………………… 78 Parametric Equalizer PEQ-9115 …………………………………… 78 Dual channel compressor CN-9102, limiter, squelch ……………… 79 Digital delay unit TDS-9130 ……………………………………….. 79 Artificial Reverb …………………………………………………… 80 Automatic degree control ………………………………………….. 82 Technical recording quality assessment ……………………………. 85 Conclusion…………………………………………………………… 89 24. Appendix. Brief Glossary of Terms in English ……………………. 90 25. References …………………………………………………………. 112