1 STANDARD KEMAHIRAN PEKERJAAN KEBANGSAAN (NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL SKILL STANDARD) DESKTOP PUBLISHING (PRINTING TECHNOLOGY) LEVEL 2 JPK JABATAN PEMBANGUNAN KEMAHIRAN KEMENTERIAN SUMBER MANUSIA, MALAYSIA
i TABLE OF CONTENTS No. Contents Pages 1. Introduction 1 2. Occupational Structure 3 3. Definition Of Competency Levels 4 4. Malaysian Skill Certification 5 5. Job Competencies 5 6. Working Conditions 5 7. Employment Prospects 6 8. Sources Of Additional Information 7 9. Approval Date 9 10. Acknowledgement 9 11. Committee Members for Development of Standard Practice (SP), Job Profile Chart (JPC) and Competency Profile (CP) 10 12. Committee Members for Development Curriculum of Competency Unit (CoCu) 11 13. Job Profile Chart (JPC) 12 14. Competency Profile (CP) 13-21 15. Curriculum of Competency Unit (CoCu): Desktop Publishing Software Installation 22-31 16. Curriculum of Competency Unit (CoCu): Image Editing 32-38 17. Curriculum of Competency Unit (CoCu): Image Digitalization 39-46 18. Curriculum of Competency Unit (CoCu): Artwork Colour Application 47-51 19. Curriculum of Competency Unit (CoCu): Type Setting 52-57 20. Curriculum of Competency Unit (CoCu): Mock Up Preparation 58-61 21. Summary of Training Duration 62-63
1 STANDARD PRACTICE NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL SKILLS STANDARD (NOSS) FOR; DESKTOP PUBLISHING (PRINTING TECHNOLOGY) LEVEL 2 1. INTRODUCTION Desktop publisher used computer’s software in creating visual displays to express ideas and information. It is a fundamental field before personnel becoming the graphic designer. Desktop publishing combining text and graphic to produce documents such as newsletters, brochures, books, etc. Previously people were making printed advertisement by using typewriter and cut-paste fonts and graphic. However, the introduction of various types publisher’s software in 1985 from Apple Macintosh was the preliminary to the advancement technology in desktop publishing. As for the opposite ways, people are now using the software as an easy way to produce graphic’s advertisement/information. The rapid movement and development of desktop publisher’s software and the growth of product manufacturing in business make the printing industry meets client’s demands. This is due to converting and informing the upcoming products/services available in the forms of groovy documents. Indeed, the desktop publishers only deal with small/commercial of printing business marketing. There are countless companies who are active and leading this industry. They are in need the capable and skilful personnel to be parts of the industry. They are also offered numerous opportunities in desktop publishing regardless background. Therefore, this NOSS document is structured to generate as much as possible of skilful labour or personnel who are very keen, obsessive and competent to be
2 work as graphic designer. The personnel who used the developed NOSS might be able to gain almost a bliss income based on his or her skills, experience and the organization itself. Moreover, personnel who used this level 2 of NOSS will have capability in preparing and applied page layout, artwork colour, typesetting, image scanning, basic Image editing and graphic software/hardware Further, this NOSS has arranged and developed from the discussion made by the industrial experts who have been years in the industries and according to what industry’s needs. Thus, we hope the usable of this NOSS will produce the most skilful labour for the betterment of the industry and country as well.
3 2. OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE Desktop Publishing comes under the Sector of Printing Production. Fig. 1.1 shows the structured career path of Graphic Design personnel. SECTOR PRINTING SUB-SECTOR PRINTING TECHNOLOGY L5 Printing Production Manager L4 Printing Assistant Production Manager Printing Assistant Production Manager L3 Pre Press Supervisor Offset Lithographic Press Supervisor Narrow Web Printing Supervisor Post-Press Supervisor Graphic Designer L2 Pre Press Senior Technician Offset Lithographic Pressman Senior Narrow Web Printing Pressman Senior Post-Press Operator Desktop Publishing Artist L1 Pre Press Technician No Level Narrow Web Printing Pressman Post-Press Operator No Level Fig. 1.1 Occupational Profile Chart for Desktop Publishing Personnel SECTOR PRINTING SUB-SECTOR PRINTING TCHNOLOGY L5 Printing Production Management L4 Printing Production L3 Graphic Design L2 Desktop Publishing L1 No Level Fig. 1.1 Occupational Area Analysis (OAA) for Desktop Publishing
4 3. DEFINITION OF COMPETENCY LEVEL The NOSS is developed for various occupational areas. Candidates for certification must be assessed and trained at certain levels to substantiate competencies. Below is a guideline of each NOSS Level as defined by the Department of Skills Development, Ministry of Human Resources, Malaysia. Malaysia Skills Certificate Level 1: (Operation and Production Level) Competent in performing a range of varied work activities, most of which are routine and predictable. Malaysia Skills Certificate Level 2: (Operation and Production Level) Competent in performing a significant range of varied work activities, performed in a variety of contexts. Some of the activities are non-routine and required individual responsibility and autonomy. Malaysia Skills Certificate Level 3: (Supervisory Level) Competent in performing a broad range of varied work activities, performed in a variety of contexts, most of which are complex and non-routine. There is considerable responsibility and autonomy and control or guidance of others is often required. Malaysia Skills Diploma Level 4: (Executive Level) Competent in performing a broad range of complex technical or professional work activities performed in a wide variety of contexts and with a substantial degree of personal responsibility and autonomy. Responsibility for the work of others and allocation of resources is often present. Malaysia Skills Advanced Diploma Level 5: (Managerial Level) Competent in applying a significant range of fundamental principles and complex techniques across a wide and often unpredictable variety of contexts. Very substantial personal autonomy and often significant responsibility for the work of others and for the allocation of substantial resources features strongly, as do personal accountabilities for analysis, diagnosis, planning, execution and evaluation.
5 4. MALAYSIAN SKILL CERTIFICATION Personnel who are interested to enrol for this course should bear minimum requirements such as; possesses SPM certificates, no eye vision deficiency, understand English would be added as advantage and have some basic in art. Candidates will be awarded with Malaysia Skills Certificate (SKM) for Level 2 after being assessed, verified and fulfilled the Malaysian Skill Certification requirements. 5. JOB COMPETENCIES Desktop Publishing personnel (Level 2) are competent in performing: • Desktop Publishing Software Installation • Image Editing • Image Digitalization • Artwork Colour Application • Type Setting • Mock Up Preparation 6. WORKING CONDITIONS Personnel who work as Desktop publisher will work in various design firm agency. They might able to work either in a big or small design firms. They generally work on a contract or per job basis. In addition, they work in a comfortable setting and adjustable working hours according to the clients’ needs. The salary numeration basically will be based on the skills, experiences and the firms itself. Personnel might work in their own office or studio or in clients' office. Desktop publisher usually have capability in time management, meticulous in designing product.
6 7. EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS The printing industry in Malaysia is known to be one of the oldest. All these years, it has played a major role as the main media for education, communication and dissemination of knowledge and information. Compared to the modern electronic media, it is by far, the cheapest means of bringing home the information to the public in every parts of society regardless where they live in Since printing is one of the oldest industries, the Malaysian experts in this industry have acquired vast experience and technical capability. Despite being aware of the potential and maturity in printing industry, our Malaysian government is actively encouraged to expand and export this service. Government also promoted all printing entrepreneurs in Malaysia to be advance and actively cater for the export markets. As a matter of fact, our government has been very compassionate in order to make Malaysian printing and publishing industry is a significant contributor in the economic sector and being the top five largest printing industries There are many related industries or working areas that are opened for the employment opportunities like commercial and industrial designers, fashion designers, interior designers, multimedia/webmaster, desktop publishers, animation, film industry, post production, advertising firm, photographers, education, prepress technicians and operators.
7 8. SOURCES OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Local • INSTITUTE OF PRINTING UK (MALAYSIA BRANCH) LotA-3-12, Jalan 12/18 46200 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Telephone: +603-79576755 Fax: +603-79576686 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.iopuk-my.com • Malaysia Printers Association No. 42-1, Jalan 11/34A, Kepong Entrepreneurs Park, Batu 7, Jalan Kepong, 52100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Telephone: 603-6251 2187, 2189 Fax: 603-6251 8702 Email: [email protected] Website: www.malaysiaprinters.com • Malaysia Printing and Supporting Industries Directory Bangunan Times Publishing Lot 46 Subang Hi-Tech Industrial Park Batu Tiga, 40000 Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia Telephone: +603-5628 6888 Fax: +603-5636 9688 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.printmalaysia.com
8 • Graphic Design Association Of Malaysia wREGA Secretariat 6 Jalan 14/7, 46100 Petaling Jaya Selangor, MALAYSIA Telephone: +6 03 - 7954 0987 Fax: +6 03 - 7954 0991 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wrega.org International • International Council of Graphic Design Associations Icograda Secretariat 455 Saint Antoine Quest, Suite SS 10 Montréal, Québec Canada H2Z 1J1 Telephone: +1 514 448 4949 x 221 Fax: +1 514 448 4948 Email: [email protected] Website: www.icograda.org • Design Council 34 Bow Street London WC2E 7DL United Kingdom Telephone: +44(0)20 7420 5200 Fax: +44(0)20 7420 5300 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.designcouncil.org.uk
9 • International Color Consortium 1899 Preston White Drive Reston, VA 20191 Telephone: +1 (703) 264-7200 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.color.org 9. APPROVAL DATE The National Skills Development Board (MPKK), Ministry of Human Resources has agreed and endorsed this Standard on................................... 10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Director General of DSD would like to extend his gratitude to the organisations and individuals who have been involved in developing this standard.
10 11. COMMITTEE MEMBERS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD PRACTICE (SP), JOB PROFILE CHART (JPC) AND COMPETENCY PROFILE (CP) DESKTOP PUBLISHING (PRINTING TECHNOLOGY) LEVEL 2 PANEL EXPERTS 1. Md Noor Bin Othman Senior Executive (Pre-Press & Graphic) Utusan Publications 2. Mohd Zohri Bin Sukimi Manager Graphic Unit Berita Harian 3. Shaidah Binti Ahmad Creative Director Karangkraf 4. Nurul Huda Binti Sulaiman Manager Graphic Design Aras Mega (M) Sdn Bhd 5. Nurazlina Binti Hambal Graphic Designer Aras Mega (M) Sdn Bhd 6. Noor Shah Ilmi Bin Abdul Jalil Head Of Lifestyle Magazine (Senior Executive) Adaikalaraj Media Group 7. Mohd Asrin Bin Abdullah Senior Designer KRU Studios 8. Noor Azna Salwani Binti Sharipuddin Art Director AM Solutions Master FACILITATOR 1. Mohd Khairullah Bin Ab Manaf Managing Director International Islamic Research Academy (I-IRA) Sdn Bhd CO-FACILITATOR 1. Salina Binti Roslan Operation Executive International Islamic Research Academy (I-IRA) Sdn Bhd
11 12. COMMITTEE MEMBERS FOR DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM OF COMPETENCY UNIT (CoCu) DESKTOP PUBLISHING (PRINTING TECHNOLOGY) LEVEL 2 PANEL EXPERTS 1. Md Noor Bin Othman Senior Executive (Pre-Press & Graphic) Utusan Publications 2. Mohd Zohri Bin Sukimi Manager Graphic Unit Berita Harian 3. Shaidah Binti Ahmad Creative Director Karangkraf 4. Nurul Huda Binti Sulaiman Manager Graphic Design Aras Mega (M) Sdn Bhd 5. Nurazlina Binti Hambal Graphic Designer Aras Mega (M) Sdn Bhd 6. Noor Shah Ilmi Bin Abdul Jalil Head Of Lifestyle Magazine (Senior Executive) Adaikalaraj Media Group 7. Mohd Asrin Bin Abdullah Senior Designer KRU Studios 8. Noor Azna Salwani Binti Sharipuddin Art Director AM Solutions Master FACILITATOR 1. Mohd Khairullah Bin Ab Manaf Managing Director International Islamic Research Academy (I-IRA) Sdn Bhd CO-FACILITATOR 1. Salina Binti Roslan Operation Executive International Islamic Research Academy (I-IRA) Sdn Bhd
JOB PROFILE CHART (JPC) SECTOR PRINTING SUB SECTOR PRINTING TECHNOLOGY JOB AREA DESKTOP PUBLISHING JOB LEVEL TWO (2) JOB AREA CODE COMPETENCY COMPETENCY UNIT (CU) CORE DESKTOP PUBLISHING SOFTWARE INSTALLATION IMAGE EDITING IMAGE DIGITALIZATION ARTWORK COLOUR APPLICATION DPXXX01 DPXXX02 DPXXX03 DPXXX04
12 DP-XXX-01 DP-XXX-02 DP-XXX-03 DP-XXX-04 TYPE SETTING MOCK UP PREPARATION DP-XXX-05 DP-XXX-06
COMPETENCY PROFILE (CP) Sub Sector PRINTING TECHNOLOGY Job Area DESKTOP PUBLISHING Level TWO (2) CU Title CU Code CU Descriptor CU Work Activities Performance Criteria 1. Desktop Publishing Software Installation DP- XXX-01 Desktop publishing software installation involved installing and running and understanding the function of desktop publishing software application. 1. Prepare Desktop Publishing (DTP) software 1.1 Types of publishing software determined 1.2 Desktop publishing software installer are selected 1.3 Desktop publishing software obtained
13 2. Perform Desktop Publishing Software installation 1.4 Function of desktop publishing software determined 1.5 System requirement identified 2.1 Desktop Publishing Software installed at correct path (i.e. hard disc) 2.2 Desktop Publishing Software serial number entered correctly
CU Title CU Code CU Descriptor CU Work Activities Performance Criteria 3. Perform Desktop Publishing Software (DTP) Testing 4StoreDesktopPublishing 2.3 Desktop Publishing Software installation completed successfully 3.1 Desktop Publishing Software launched properly 3.2 Desktop Publishing Software functionally tested 41DownloadedDesktop
14 4. Store Desktop Publishing Software (DTP) installer in safe place 4.1 Downloaded Desktop Publishing Software installer burned into CD 4.2 Desktop Publishing Software Installer CD kept in safe place 2. Image Editing DP- XXX-02 Image Editing focuses on improving the quality of images activities starting from identification of final required output specification and ability to edit images according to required specifications 1. Identify Image editing requirement 1.1 Image editing Job order determined 1.2 Images for editing obtained correctly 1.3 Image editing requirement determined
CU Title CU Code CU Descriptor CU Work Activities Performance Criteria 2. Perform Image editing 2.1 Suitable software for Image editing selected 2.2 Image enlarged or cropped according to Image editing requirement 2.3 Image colour mode adjusted based on Image editing requirement 2.4 Image brightness and contrast adjusted according to Image editingrequirement
15 editing requirement 2.5 Image noise reduced according to image editing requirement 2.6 Image unwanted elements removed according to Image editing requirement 2.7 Image oriented and rotated based on Image editing requirement 2.8 Image sharpened and softened according to Image editing requirement
CU Title CU Code CU Descriptor CU Work Activities Performance Criteria 3. Prepare edited image for preview to superior/ client 2.9 Edited image previewed before submission 3.1 Edited image previewed to superior 3.2 Previewed edited image amended based on superior/ client comment if any 3.3 Approved edited image saved in required format 34Editdiitd
16 3.4 Edited image printed and submitted to superior/ client 3. Image Digitalization DP- XXX-03 Image Digitalization is a process through which an image or piece of artwork is converted into an electronic file 1. Identify image digitalization requirement 1.1 Image for digitalization identified 1.2 Image for digitalization collected 1.3 Quantity image to scan identified
CU Title CU Code CU Descriptor CU Work Activities Performance Criteria 2. Prepare scanning software and hardware 3. Perform image scanning 1.4 Output image specification determined 2.1 Suitable scanning software determined 2.2 Scanner prepared 3.1 Image for scanning placed properly on scanned 3.2 Image for scanning previewed
17 previewed 3.3 Output image properties set 3.4 Image scanning area determined 3.5 Image scanning resolution set properly according to requirement 3.6 Image scanning executed 3.7 Scanned image are previewed
CU Title CU Code CU Descriptor CU Work Activities Performance Criteria 4. Prepare digitalised image for artwork 4.1 Scanned image previewed to superior 4.2 Image re-scanned based on superior/ client comment if any 4.3 Approved scanned image saved in required format 4.4 Scanned image printed and submitted to superior/ client 4. Artwork colour lii DP- XXX-04 Artwork colour application focuses on colouring illidi 1. Identify Artwork Colour Requirement 1.1 Artwork colour application job order bid
18 application illustration and image according to job order obtained 1.2 Artwork colour application requirement determined based on job order 1.3 Suitable software for artwork colour application determined based on requirement
CU Title CU Code CU Descriptor CU Work Activities Performance Criteria 2. Apply colour to artwork 2.1 Colour concept identified 2.2 Colour concept interpreted clearly 2.3 Colour concept finalised 2.4 Artwork to colour obtained 2.5 Colour applied to artwork based on colour concept requirement 2.6 Coloured artwork previewed before submission
19 3. Prepare coloured artwork for review submission 3.1 Coloured artwork previewed to superior 3.2 Previewed coloured artwork amended based on superior/ client comment if any 3.3 Approved coloured artwork saved in required format 3.4 Coloured artwork printed and submitted to superior/client
CU Title CU Code CU Descriptor CU Work Activities Performance Criteria 5. Type Setting DP- XXX-05 Typesetting focuses on arranging type and typing text from hardcopy manuscripta0 into computer to place in layout according to job order. 1. Identify type arrangement 2. Perform type arrangement 1.1 Typesetting Job order obtained 1.2 Typesetting requirement determined 2.1 Type of text determined 2.2 Typeface selected according to suitability 2.3 Text compiled according to manuscript 24Artworktypesetting
20 3. Prepare typesetting for submission 2.4 Artwork typesetting completed according to job order 2.5 Completed artwork with typesetting previewed before submission 3.1 Completed artwork with typesetting previewed to superior 3.2 Previewed artwork with typesetting amended based on comment from superior if any
CU Title CU Code CU Descriptor CU Work Activities Performance Criteria 6. Mock Up Preparation DP- XXX-06 Mock up Preparation is a process to prepare artwork in actual product according to job order 1. Identify mock up preparation requirement 2. Prepare mock up 1.1 Mock up Preparation Job order obtained 1.2 Mock up Preparation requirement determined 2.1 Supplies and art work are organized (i.e. cutter, glue, stapler, cutting mat, etc.) 2.2 Mock up produced according to job order 2.3 Finishing to art work applied
21 3. Present mock up to superior 3.1 Mock up previewed to superior
CURRICULUM of COMPETENCY UNIT (CoCU) Sub Sector PRINTING TECHNOLOGY Job Area DESKTOP PUBLISHING Competency Unit Title DESKTOP PUBLISHING SOFTWARE INSTALLATION Competency Unit Descriptor Desktop publishing software installation involved installing and running and understanding the function of desktop publishing software application. Competency Unit ID DP-XXX-01 Level 2 Training Duration 95 Hours Credit Hours Work Activities Related Knowledge Applied Skills Attitude / Safety / Environmental Training Hours Delivery Mode Assessment Criteria 1. Prepare Desktop i. Types of DTP software i.e: 10 hours Lecture & case study • Desktop publishing
22 Publishing (DTP) software • Adobe Photoshop • Corel Painter • Adobe Illustrator • Corel Draw • Adobe InDesign • PageMaker • Quark Xpress ii. Source of DTP software Installer • CD Installer pg software are determined according to job order requirements • Types of DTP software determined • Specific function of DTP software differentiated i. Identify types of DTP software ii. Identify function of DTP software iii. Determine source of DTP software Installer i. Accuracy in selecting appropriate desktop publishing software 30 hours Demonstration
Work Activities Related Knowledge Applied Skills Attitude / Safety / Environmental Training Hours Delivery Mode Assessment Criteria • Internet download iii. DTP software Installation Manual iv. Types of Software Licenses • Freeware/ Shareware • Limited License (LL) UnlimitedSite iv. Obtain DTP software Installation Manual v. Determine types of Software Licenses vi. Determine system requirement for installation • Source of Desktop Publishing Software Installer recognised • DTP software Installation Manual interpreted • Types of Software Licenses differentiated • Minimum system
23 • Unlimited Site License (USL) • Volume Purchase Agreement (VPA) v. The importance of Original Software Installation vi. DTP Software functions • Desktop publishing i.e: usyste requirement for DTP software installation confirmed
Work Activities Related Knowledge Applied Skills Attitude / Safety / Environmental Training Hours Delivery Mode Assessment Criteria (QuarkXPress, InDesign, or PageMaker ) • Image editing and painting i.e (Adobe Photoshop, Corel Painter) • Drawings or illustrations i.e: (Adobe Illustrator). • View file i.e: (Adobe
24 (Adobe Acrobat) vii. DTP software System requirement 2. Perform Desktop Publishing Software installation i. Source of DTP software Installer • CD Installer • Internet download 5 hours Lecture • DTP software selected correctly • DTP software Installation manual referred accordingly
Work Activities Related Knowledge Applied Skills Attitude / Safety / Environmental Training Hours Delivery Mode Assessment Criteria ii. DTP software Installation Manual iii. DTP Software activation key • DTP Software activation key entered correctly • DTP Software Serial number determined • Software destination are confirmed • DTP Software installedinto i. Determine DTP Software for installation ii. Obtain DTP Software i. Avoid installing pirate software iiObservantto 15 hours Demonstration
25 installed into correct path Software installer iii. Obtain DTP software Installation Manual iv. Obtain DTP Software activation key v. Run DTP Software installer ii. Observant to installation minimum system requirement
Work Activities Related Knowledge Applied Skills Attitude / Safety / Environmental Training Hours Delivery Mode Assessment Criteria vi. Key in Software activation key when required vii. Confirm DTP software installation completion 3. Perform Desktop Publishing Software (DTP) Software i. DTP Software manual and guides ii. DTP Software Toolsfunctions 5 hours Lecture • DTP Software launched successfully • DTP Software Tools
26 Software Testing Tools functions Tools functionality confirmed • Menu bar are functionality confirmed • DTP Software functioned correctly
Work Activities Related Knowledge Applied Skills Attitude / Safety / Environmental Training Hours Delivery Mode Assessment Criteria i. Run DTP Software application ii. Test Menu Bar Functionality iii. Test Tools Bar functionality iv. Check DTP Software application usability i. Curious attitude and explore 15 hours Demonstration
27 y v. Confirm DTP Software application usability and functionality 4. Store Desktop Publishing Software (DTP) installer in safe place i. Source of DTP software Installer • CD Installer • Internet download 5 hours Lecture • Best CD storage method selected • DTP software installation CD arranged properly
Work Activities Related Knowledge Applied Skills Attitude / Safety / Environmental Training Hours Delivery Mode Assessment Criteria ii. CD storage methods iii. Suitable CD storage condition iv. CD Labelling technique • Proper label laid on the original and backup DTP Software installation CD • CD storage proper condition ensured • Humidity storage place avoided •OriginalCD i. Identify best methods to store CD i. Always hold your CDs by the outer edgeorby 10 hours Demonstration
28 • Original CD duplicated for backup • CD inventory checklist updated ii. Downloaded DTP software installation burned into CD iii. Select CD media storage iv. Apply label to CD v. Store CD in proper place edge or by the center hole. ii. Hold the whole disc between your fingers and thumb on the very outside edge. iii. Use a nonsolvent permanent
Work Activities Related Knowledge Applied Skills Attitude / Safety / Environmental Training Hours Delivery Mode Assessment Criteria vi. Ensure CD storage condition vii. Make back up copies of the original CD viii. Prepare CD inventory checklist felt-tip marker and write in the inner hub. iv. Avoid writing on the surface of a disc. v. Store discs upright in jewel cases, Paper CD Sleeves, or Tyvek CD
29 y Sleeves.
Employability Skills Core Abilities Social Skills / Social Values 03.08 Develop and maintain a cooperation within work group 04.01 Organize own work activities 04.02 Set and revise own objectives and goals 04.03 Organize and maintain own workplace 04.04 Apply problem solving strategies 04.05 Demonstrate initiative and flexibility 06.05 Analyse technical systems 06.06 Monitor and correct performance of systems 1. Communication skills 2. Conceptual skills 3. Interpersonal skills 4. Multitasking and prioritizing 5. Self-discipline 6. Teamwork 7. Learning skills 8. Leadership skills 9. Patience 10. Respect 11. Meticulous 12. Punctuality