101 d) Fabric 6. What role does a video camera play in sand animation performances? a) It captures the sand artist's hands for projection. b) It records the soundscape for synchronization. c) It illuminates the sand on the light box. d) It projects the sand animation onto a large screen. 7. How are Charlene Lanzel's sand performances synchronized? a) With live music b) With recorded soundscape c) With spoken poetry d) With audience participation 8. What is the appeal of live sand art performances? a) Repetition of designs b) Linguistic barriers c) Ephemeral nature d) Slow hand movements 9. Which technique is used to create background textures in sand animation? a) Fingertip drawing b) Finger carving c) Canvas pouring d) Hand sweeping 10. What is the purpose of pouring techniques in sand animation? a) To draw tiny details and shapes b) To change context while storytelling c) To create circular or spiral patterns d) To clear the canvas and set up a new stage 11. What is the recommended approach for planning sand animation visuals? a) Detailed and intricate visuals for a captivating story b) Minimalistic visuals focusing on sound effects c) Sequential visuals that rely on sound rather than sight d) Simple yet beautiful visuals that progress the story 12. What is the ephemeral nature of sand animation? a) Permanence and longevity of the artwork b) Continuous transformation and surprise elements c) Stability and control over the sand grains
102 d) Repetition and duplication of designs 13. Which of the following is not a manipulation technique in sand animation? a) Palm rubbing b) Hand sweeping c) Symmetrical hand movement d) Pouring sand from a height 14. What is the purpose of using different amounts of sand in sand animation? a) To create lightly colored areas b) To enhance the stability of the sand c) To add texture to the artwork d) To produce dark-colored areas 15. How are Charlene Lanzel's sand animations projected for the audience? a) Using the latest digital technologies b) Through hand-drawn animations c) By scattering sand on a canvas d) By using holographic projection Performance Task Title: Sand Animation Showcase Objective: Present a captivating sand animation performance incorporating storytelling and techniques learned. Rubrics: 1. Creativity and Artistic Expression (30%) Demonstrates originality and creativity in the choice of theme and visuals. Effectively utilizes sand animation techniques to create visually appealing and engaging scenes. Shows a clear understanding of storytelling principles and effectively conveys the intended narrative. 2. Technical Proficiency (20%) Demonstrates proficiency in pouring and manipulation techniques, using them to create desired effects and transitions. Utilizes different tools and movements to create varied textures and shapes in the sand animation.
103 Shows control and precision in handling the sand and tools, resulting in smooth and fluid animations. 3. Communication and Impact (10%) Engages the audience through captivating storytelling, effectively conveying emotions and messages. Maintains audience interest throughout the performance, with well-paced transitions and a cohesive narrative flow. Utilizes accompanying soundscape or music to enhance the overall impact and atmosphere of the sand animation. 4. Overall Presentation (40%) Presents the sand animation in a visually appealing and professional manner. Demonstrates effective use of the light box and projection equipment (if applicable) to showcase the animation. Shows confidence, stage presence, and effective communication skills during the presentation. Answer Key Pre-Assessment 1. c) Visual language creation 2. c) Its fragility and ephemeral nature 3. b) Immersion in a seemingly real world 4. a) Instruction and education 5. c) Sand animation can add an artistic element to projection events. Post-Assessment 1. b) Caroline Leaf 2. a) Sand drawing 3. c) Fragility 4. c) 1990s 5. b) Glass tabletop 6. a) It captures the sand artist's hands for projection. 7. b) With recorded soundscape 8. c) Ephemeral nature 9. c) Canvas pouring 10. b) To change context while storytelling 11. d) Simple yet beautiful visuals that progress the story 12. b) Continuous transformation and surprise elements 13. d) Pouring sand from a height
104 14. a) To create lightly colored areas 15. a) Using the latest digital technologies
105 FINAL REQUIREMENT As a final requirement for this Introduction to Animation module, we encourage you to apply the knowledge and skills you have acquired to create a short animation project. This project will serve as a culmination of your understanding of animation principles and techniques, allowing you to showcase your creativity and storytelling abilities. Here are the guidelines for your animation project: 1. Theme: Select a theme or concept for your animation project. It can be a narrative story, a character study, a visual exploration, or any other idea that inspires you. 2. Duration: Aim for a short animation that lasts between 30 seconds to 2 minutes. This timeframe will allow you to focus on the quality of animation and effectively convey your message. 3. Animation Technique: Choose a specific animation technique that aligns with your project's theme and your skill level. It can be traditional 2D hand-drawn animation, 3D computer animation, stop motion, claymation, or any other technique you find suitable. 4. Storytelling and Character Development: Develop a compelling story or concept for your animation project. Create characters that are relatable, engaging, and visually interesting. Think about their personalities, motivations, and how they interact within the story. 5. Animation Principles: Apply the animation principles we discussed throughout the module, such as timing, spacing, squash and stretch, anticipation, and follow-through. Ensure that your animation is smooth, believable, and conveys the intended emotions and actions of your characters. 6. Sound and Music: Consider incorporating sound effects and background music to enhance the overall impact of your animation. Sound can greatly enhance the storytelling and immerse the audience in your created world. 7. Iterative Process: Animation is a meticulous craft that often requires multiple iterations and refinements. Don't be afraid to experiment, seek feedback, and make adjustments as needed to improve the quality of your project. 8. Presentation: Once your animation project is complete, compile it into a presentable format, such as a video file or a link to an online platform. Consider adding a brief description or artist statement that provides insights into your creative process and intentions. 9. Sharing and Feedback: Share your completed animation project with peers, friends, or online communities dedicated to animation. Seek constructive feedback and engage in discussions to further enhance your understanding and growth as an animator. Remember, this animation project is an opportunity for you to showcase your skills, express your creativity, and apply the knowledge you have gained. Embrace the process, enjoy the journey, and let your imagination take flight through the medium of animation.
106 Rubrics Criteria 4 (Excellent) 3 ( Good) 2 (Fair) 1(Need Improvement) Animation Technique Effective and appropriate use of chosen animation technique. Skillful execution of animation principles relevant to the chosen technique. Fluidity and smoothness of animation movements. The chosen animation technique needs improvement in its effective and appropriate use throughout the animation. Storytelling and Concept Clear and engaging storytelling that effectively communicates the intended message or theme. Well developed characters with distinct personalities and motivations. Cohesive narrative structure. The narrative structure is incohesive and needs better organization. Visual Design and Aesthetics Visual appeal and creativity of character design, backgrounds, and overall art style. Effective use of colors, textures, lighting, and composition to enhance the visual impact. Attention to detail and consistency in the visual elements throughout the animation. The character design lacks originality and fails to capture the viewer's attention. Animation Principles Consistent application of animation principles, such as timing, spacing, squash and stretch, anticipation, and follow-through. Convincing and believable character movements and expressions Effective use of secondary motion and weight to enhance realism and character performance. The timing and spacing of the animation feel inconsistent and could be improved. The movements lack a sense of weight and fluidity, resulting in unrealistic and jarring transitions between poses. Sound Design Effective use of sound effects to complement and enhance the animation Appropriateness and synchronization of sound with the visuals. Effective use of background music to create mood and atmosphere. The sound effects used in the animation are minimal or poorly executed, resulting in a
107 lack of immersion and impact. Creativity and Originality: Originality and uniqueness of the concept, characters, and overall presentation. Creative and imaginative use of animation techniques and storytelling devices. Demonstrates personal artistic style and voice. The concept and presentation of the animation lack originality and fail to stand out from similar works in the industry. Technical Execution Technical proficiency in the chosen animation software or tools Attention to detail in the production process, including framing, transitions, and editing. Overall quality of animation production, including resolution, frame rate, and rendering. The technical proficiency in the chosen animation software or tools needs improvement, as there are inconsistencies or errors in the execution of certain techniques. Presentation and Professionalism Professional presentation of the final animation project. Clear and concise artist statement or description accompanying the project. Ability to effectively communicate the intentions and artistic choices made in the project. There is a need to improve the ability to communicate the artistic vision and decisions behind the animation for better viewer understanding and engagement. TOTAL 40 35 30 5 :
108 References Introduction To Animation - Module Handbook. (2016-2017). Retrieved June 29, 2023, from www.studocu.co: https://www.studocu.com/en-gb/document/glasgow-caledonianuniversity/introduction-to-animation/introduction-to-animation-module-handbook/2577393 Father of Animation. (2020). Retrieved 2023, from ww.loc.gov/families: https://www.loc.gov/families/#:~:text=Stuart%20Blackton%2C%20a%20British%20filmmaker,1 895%2C%20he%20met%20Thomas%20Edison. QUICK HISTORY: EARLY ANIMATION. (2021, January 28). Retrieved June 10, 2023, from worldtreasures.org: https://worldtreasures.org/blog/quick-history-earlyanimation#:~:text=1908%20%E2%80%93%20%C3%89mile%20Cohl%20created%20Fantasmag orie,he%20had%20around%20700%20drawings. 8 Early Animation Devices That Made History. (2022, July 22). Retrieved June 10, 2023, from www.vectornator.io: https://www.vectornator.io/blog/early-animation-devices/ What are the 12 Principles of Animation? (2022, November 9). Retrieved June 15, 2023, from www.pluralsight.com: https://www.pluralsight.com/blog/film-games/understanding-12- principles-animation What is animation? (2023). Retrieved from www.oxfordwebstudio.com: https://www.oxfordwebstudio.com/en/did-you-know/what-is-animation 5 Forms of Animation. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.affordableschools.net: https://www.affordableschools.net/lists/5-types-of-animation/ Flipbook animation and how to create one. . (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2023, from www.adobe.com: https://www.adobe.com/uk/creativecloud/animation/discover/flipbook-animation.html KUCHARSKA, G. (2022, September 23). The Animation Process - Step by Step Guide. Retrieved June 15, 2023, from studiopigeon.com/blog: https://studiopigeon.com/blog/the-animation-processstep-by-step-guide/ MAIO, A. (2023, May 07). What is Animation — Definition, History and Types of Animation. Retrieved June 9, 2023, from www.studiobinder.com: https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-isanimation-definition/ Popova, M. (2011, July 5). Before Walt Disney: 5 Pioneers of Early Animation. Retrieved June 15, 2023, from www.theatlantic.com: https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/07/beforewalt-disney-5-pioneers-of-early-animation/241448/ Sabnani, N. (n.d.). Experimental Animation. Retrieved from ww.dsource.in/course: https://www.dsource.in/course/experimental-animation/types-sand-animation/animationtechniques thaumatrope. (n.d.). Retrieved from beverlyboy.com: https://beverlyboy.com/animation/what-isthaumatrope-animation/ THE HISTORY OF ANIMATION. (n.d.). Retrieved June 13, 2023, from www.spinningclock.com: https://www.spinningclock.com/services/animation/history#:~:text=The%20first%20entirely%20 animated%20film%20was%20'Humorous%20Phases%20of%20Funny,beginning%20of%20the% 20cartoon%20industry.
109 INDEX 1 12 principles of Animation · 31, 32, 33, 35, 44 2 2D · 49 A animation · 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 52, 53, 54, 56, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 77, 78, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 Anticipation · 35, 36, 45 Appeal · 35, 43, 45, 47 Arcs · 35, 40, 45, 46, 86, 90, 91 B basic principle · 35 Brainstorming and Script Writing · 62 C Ceramics · 51, 56, 58 CGI · 6, 9, 11, 16, 18 Commercialization · 85 Consider Materials · 88 D Defining the Project's Scope · 61 Digital 2D · 50, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 58 E Early Development · 84 Exaggeration · 35, 42, 45, 46 F Fantascope, · 9 FANTASMAGORIE · 23 First Patent · 84 Flipbook · 4, 15, 17, 18, 83, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92 Flipbooks: · 7 Focus on Fluidity · 87 Follow thought overlapping action drag action · 38 Frame Rate · 16, 17, 85, 90, 91, 92 H Hand sweeping · 97, 101 I Illustration · 51, 57, 58, 63, 64 K Keyframes · 85, 90, 91 kineograph · 10, 84 Kineograph · 10, 18, 83, 90, 91 L lithographs · 84 M Magic lantern · 9 Manipulation Techniques · 97 MCCAY · 23 Modeling · 51, 56 moving picture · 10, 84 MUYBRIDGE · 24 O Optical illusions · 70, 78
110 P Palm rubbing · 97, 101 Persistence in the Digital Age · 85 Persistence of Vision · 6, 13, 16, 17, 72, 85, 90, 91, 92 Phenakistoscope · 6 phi phenomenon · 69, 70, 72, 77, 78, 80, 92 Plan Your Animation · 87 Popularization · 85 Pouring Techniques · 97 Praxinoscope · 13 Predecessors · 7, 13, 84 Process · 6, 64, 67, 98, 104 R Researching · 61, 64, 65, 66, 67 S Sand Animation · 4, 95, 97, 99, 102 Sand Artist · 96, 97 Sculpture · 50, 51, 56, 58, 70 Secondary action · 41, 86 Slow in and slow out · 39 Solid drawing · 43 Sound Design · 63, 64, 105 Squash and Stretch · 33, 35, 45, 46 Staging · 35, 37, 45 Start Simple · 87 Storyboarding · 15, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 88 storytelling · 2, 13, 15, 16, 29, 64, 83, 89, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105 Straight ahead action and pose to pose · 37 T Technological Advancements · 85 Test and Refine · 87 Thaumatrope · 13 Timing · 33, 35, 41, 44, 45, 85, 86, 87, 90, 92 Tips and techniques in making flipbook · 4, 87 Tools and Materials · 53 Traditional · 51 U Use Reference · 87 V Visual appeal · 70, 105 Voiceover Recording · 62 W Walt Disney · 3, 8, 11, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26, 27, 28, 30, 44, 83 Z zoetropes · 15