report DJJ10013 (F1017)

DJJ 10013
ENGINEERING DRAWING

REPORT

PROJECT TABLE WELDING

Name : MUHAMMAD UMAIR AMRULLAH
Registration No. BIN MUHAMAD RAZLI

: 15DTP21F1017

Class : DTP1A
Session : SESI 1: 2021/2022
Lecturer : MOHAMAD RANI BIN MD. ZIN

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CONTENT

Item Content Page

1.0 Introduction of Computer Aided Design (CAD) 3

1.1 History of CAD Revolution 4-5
1.2 Advantages of CAD 5-6
1.3 Types of CAD Software 6-8

2.0 Project Table Welding 8

2.1 Main Part of Project 8-9
2.2 Explanation of AutoCAD Tool Bars 10
2.3 Procedure of Orthographic Drawing 11
2.4 Procedure of Isometric Drawing 11

3.0 Engineering Drawing 11

3.1 Orthographic Drawing 12-15
3.2 Isometric Drawing 16

4.0 Discussion 17

5.0 Conclusion 17

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1.0 Introduction of Computer Aided Design (CAD)

Engineering drawings have been in use for more than 2000 years.
However, the use of orthographic projections was formally introduced by the
French mathematician Gaspard Monge in the eighteenth century.

Since visual objects transcend languages, engineering drawings have
evolved and become popular over the years. While earlier engineering
drawings were handmade, studies have shown that engineering designs are
quite complicated. A solution to many engineering problems requires a
combination of organization, analysis, problem solving principles and a
graphical representation of the problem. Objects in engineering are
represented by a technical drawing (also called as drafting) that represents
designs and specifications of the physical object and data relationships. Since
a technical drawing is precise and communicates all information of the object
clearly, it has to be precise. This is where CAD comes to the fore.

CAD stands for Computer Aided Design. CAD is used to design,
develop and optimize products. While it is very versatile, CAD is extensively
used in the design of tools and equipment required in the manufacturing
process as well as in the construction domain. CAD enables design engineers
to layout and to develop their work on a computer screen, print and save it for
future editing.

When it was introduced first, CAD was not exactly an economic
proposition because the machines at those times were very costly. The
increasing computer power in the later part of the twentieth century, with the
arrival of minicomputer and subsequently the microprocessor, has allowed
engineers to use CAD files that are an accurate representation of the
dimensions / properties of the object.

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1.1 History of CAD Revolution

The phrase "computer-aided design" was coined by Douglas T.
Ross, a researcher at MIT in the early 1950s who saw the potential in
military radar technology to create designs on a computer display
system. Separate research undertaken by Patrick Hanratty at the
General Motors Research Laboratories saw the development of Design
Automated by Computer (DAC), regarded as the first CAD system to
use interactive graphics.

But the first true 3D CAD/CAM (computer-aided manufacturing)
program was created between 1966 and 1968 by Pierre Bézier, an
engineer at Renault. His UNISURF CAD system transformed design
and manufacturing, moving the vehicle design process from manual
drawing boards to computer-aided design. UNISURF is regarded as
the original model for many generations of CAD programs.

The automation of design tools did not mean that drafters were
replaced by coders, especially after the development of SKETCHPAD,
a program written by MIT’s Ivan Sutherland in 1963. Instead, this
software enabled drafters to feed their design into a computer by
drawing with a light pen on a CRT monitor. As computers became
more affordable and shrank to the size of desktop PCs, the use of CAD
spread beyond the automotive, aerospace, and electronics industries
to enjoy near-universal usage. The 1970s and 1980s witnessed the
emergence of 3D modeling and 3D designs, with programs including
Romulus, Uni-Solid, CATIA, and the well-known AutoCAD system.

By this point, CAD was also being used to design industrial tools.
By the 1990s, algorithms had grown increasingly sophisticated, with
engines capable of advanced parametric techniques. By 1994 over one
million units of AutoCAD had been sold, with 350,000 users of
CAD reported worldwide.

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Today, the CAD software market is faced with the emergence of
free and open-source CAD software including LibreCAD and FreeCAD.
CAD is used by drafters across dozens of specialties including
aeronautical, architectural, civil, electrical, electronics, mechanical,
pipeline, and photovoltaic drafting.The efficiency and user-friendliness
of CAD software have evolved to the point where the career of the
trained drafter may one day be threatened by software that anyone can
use.

1.2 Advantages of CAD

I)Increases Productivity
CAD software allows designers to lower production costs, work

faster and smarter, and ultimately leads to quicker project completion.
Because designers can work more efficiently, companies are able to
keep their teams small. This allows organizations to produce high
quality, low-cost products and lets them push products out faster,
making changes on the fly when necessary. This is a huge advantage
in the competitive global marketplace.

Before CAD, designers were forced to draw everything by hand.
If they wanted to alter the design, they would have to draw the entire
thing again. CAD software allows designers to visualize their designs
and test them against real-world variables. Should something need to
be changed, they can easily alter the same file.

II) Higher Quality Designs
Traditionally, when a design didn’t function as expected, the

team had to go back to the drawing board. The use of CAD allows
design teams to control the quality of the final engineered product. It’s
easy to investigate an error, diagnose the problem and solve it all using
the software before any prototypes are made. This not only saves time
but also money.

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This translates to getting your design right the first time rather
than having to make multiple iterations of the same design before it
comes out as expected.

III) Easier to Read
A common problem that designers face is communicating their

vision through drawings. Paper and pencil drawings tend to be unclear,
and team members without a background in industrial design or
engineering have a hard time understanding them. CAD drawings are
easily read, as they’re standardized and organized. Legibility is
increased and there are no issues with reading the drawings.

CAD software produces models that can be used by other
departments, including marketing and sales. They are impressive to
look at and demonstrate the aesthetics and function of a design without
spending money on a prototype. It’s an easy way to demonstrate the
work and impress investors.

IV) Documenting the Design
CAD software is excellent at documenting all aspects of a

design. The measurements, angles, and dimensions of a product are
all conveniently recorded and saved for future use. Components and
subassemblies are also saved and can be used for future designs if
need be.We can easily generate a bill of materials to pass on to the
manufacturer, and everything is conveniently recorded for us.

1.3 Types of CAD Software

I)2 Dimensional CAD (2D CAD)
2D CAD is the pioneer of CAD software, and was developed in

the early 70s. At that time, major automobile, aerospace and other
engineering companies developed in-house tools to automate
repetitive drafting requirements. 2D CAD relies on basic geometric

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shapes like lines, rectangles, circles, etc. to produce flat drawings.
These types of softwares have been first developed way back in
1970’s.

II) 3 Dimensional CAD (3D CAD)
3D CAD is a step up from the 2D CAD software of yesteryears.

As the processing power of computers increased and the graphic
display capabilities improved, 3D CAD has become an increasingly
popular design tool. 3D CAD allows creation of 3D images that are
realistic. These images are called 3D models as they can be viewed
and rotated in any direction – X, Y or Z. You can also display views
from a 3D model, such as isometrics or perspectives, from any angle
using 3D CAD. 3D CAD tools were introduced in 1980’s by a
partnership between IBM-Dassults. 3D CAD quickly became popular
because of enhanced visual capability.

The rapid advancement of 3D software today has helped quick
turnaround in product design, giving birth to the concept for product
lifecycle management (PLM). A few of today’s leading 3D CAD
software includes SolidEdge and SolidWorks. Of course, with the vast
array of tools, professional training is needed to master these tools.

Examples of CAD softwares

I)SolidWorks
As a popular mechanical design software with a large community

of users, employers are frequently seeking job seekers with
SolidWorks experience. This 3D modeling CAD software is used
heavily in the mechanical engineering and design industries. It is the
industry standard for product development.

II) Revit
Software for BIM (building information modeling) used in

construction projects with a suite of tools to create 3D models of

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buildings. This software supports all disciplines of building construction
projects including, architectural, structural, mechanical, and electrical
aspects. If you’re asking what cad software should I learn for building
design or construction this is it. The demand for employees with Revit
skills grows continually year after year.

III) AutoCAD
One of the oldest and most used CAD software for 2D / 3D

drafting & design. It has the ability to create blueprints, equipment
layouts, section planes, model documentation, and more. Learning
AutoCAD and additional 3D CAD software is a recipe for success.

2.0 Project Table Welding

This welding table suits the most diverse range of welding applications,
has the largest surface area, and comes with high quality and heavy-duty
material.It have a electrode holder,drawer and have some space below the
welding table to keep the workpieces. These welding table is easy to move
around because it is light and small.

2.1 Main Part of Project

a) Frame Structure(Metal)

To prevent fire hazards, welding tables are made from steel as a
rule. The surface they provide is helpful for both welding and metal
fabrication.

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b) Electrode Holder Placing place (Cylindrical Shape)

Easy to put the electrode holder when not using it.It can prevent
from happening any accidents and also can avoid any damage to
the electrode holder.
c) Drawer and cupboard

Easy to keep/store electrodes in the drawer.We can use it when we
do the welding job.For the cupboard,we can easily keep the
workpiece that we made inside it.So need extra space to keep the
workpiece.
d) Free space below the welding table

Easy to keep welding objects below at that space.So,it will easy for
the welder to weld the object.

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2.2 Explanation of AutoCAD Tool Bars

a) Toolbar Draw
Draw toolbar is used to access AutoCAD Draw commands.We can
also use draw pulldown menu or type the command in at the
command line. The draw commands create objects such as lines,
circles,polyline,arc and etc.

b) Toolbar Modify
Modify toolbar is used to access AutoCAD Draw commands can
also Modify pulldown menu or type the command in at the
Command line. After we have created some objects in AutoCAD,
objects that make up a technical drawing such as lines and circles
or a combination of both, they are sometimes just not the way we
would like them, they may need to be rotated, moved, copied,
scaled larger or smaller, etc.

c) Toolbar Layers
The layer command is used to control and manage the drawings in
AutoCAD for different purposes. It increases the display
performance of the AutoCAD by hiding the portion of our drawing
when needed.

d) Toolbar Annotation
Annotation objects include dimensions, notes, and other types of
explanatory symbols or objects commonly used to add information
to your drawing. Annotation objects provide information about a
feature, such as the length of a metal, the diameter of a fastener, or
a detail callout.

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2.3 Procedure of Orthographic Drawing

a) Line

b) Circle
c) Trim

2.4 Procedure of Isometric Drawing

a) Line

b) Ellipse
c) Trim

3.0 Engineering Drawing

An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing that is used to
convey information about an object. A common use is to specify the geometry
necessary for the construction of a component and is called a detail drawing.
Usually, a number of drawings are necessary to completely specify even a
simple component. The drawings are linked together by a master drawing or
assembly drawing which gives the drawing numbers of the subsequent
detailed components, quantities required, construction materials and possibly
3D images that can be used to locate individual items. Although mostly
consisting of pictographic representations, abbreviations and symbols are
used for brevity and additional textual explanations may also be provided to
convey the necessary information.

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3.1 Orthographic Drawing
An orthographic projection is a way of representing a 3D object

by using several 2D views of the object. Orthographic drawings are
also known as multiviews. The most commonly used views are top,
front, and right side.
Orthographic drawing
Top, Front, Right Side View

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Orthographic drawing
Top View

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Orthographic drawing
Front View

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Orthographic drawing
Right View

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3.2 Isometric Drawing
Isometric drawing is a form of 3D drawing, which is set out using 30-degree

angles. It is a type of axonometric drawing so the same scale is used for every axis,
resulting in a non-distorted image.
Isometric drawing

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4.0 Discussion

When we do this project,we face many problems.First of all,it would be

the status bar is missing.To solve this problem,we need to type the variable
"STATUSBAR" and press enter and then change the value from “0” to “1” and

press enter.Secondly,we also faced the command line is missing.The solution

for this problem would be press Ctrl+9, alternatively type "COMMANDLINE"

and press enter.

After that,we also faced that some of the icons are missing. Click on

the icon at the bottom-right corner. It looks like this .Select the options

you would like to show in the status bar.

5.0 Conclusion

In conclusion,the main objective for the project has been achieved,that
to draw a welding table by using AutoCAD.We also invent a new type welding
table and also include with the dimensions.We also drew the welding table in
orthographic and isometric drawing.Thus,since all the drawings have been
finished,the project goal has been achieved.

The welding table is made of metal because it can last long and also for
its durability.This welding table is perfect for the welder because it has many
types of new features and makes the welder works easy.Several problems
occur in the project(either measuring or drawing) and we overcome most of
it.Thus,the project in the same way trains us to overcome the obstacles and
solve them in professional way.

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