INFORMATION SHEET # 6.1-4

INFORMATION SHEET # 6.1-4
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

What is personal protective equipment?
Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as "PPE", is equipment
worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries
and illnesses. These injuries and illnesses may result from contact with
chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace
hazards. Personal protective equipment may include items such as gloves,
safety glasses and shoes, earplugs or muffs, hard hats, respirators, or
coveralls, vests and full body suits.
What can be done to ensure proper use of personal protective equipment?
All personal protective equipment should be safely designed and constructed,
and should be maintained in a clean and reliable fashion. It should fit
comfortably, encouraging worker use. If the personal protective equipment does
not fit properly, it can make the difference between being safely covered or
dangerously exposed. When engineering, work practice, and administrative
controls are not feasible or do not provide sufficient protection, employers must
provide personal protective equipment to their workers and ensure its proper
use. Employers are also required to train each worker required to use personal
protective equipment to know:

When it is necessary

What kind is necessary

How to properly put it on, adjust, wear and take it off

The limitations of the equipment

Proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the equipment

If PPE is to be used, a PPE program should be implemented. This program
should address the hazards present; the selection, maintenance, and use of
PPE; the training of employees; and monitoring of the program to ensure its
ongoing effectiveness

Types of PPE

Mask Gloves Face Sheild

Cap Google Shoe Cover

Gown

Wearing gloves protects your hands from germs and helps reduce the spread
of germs.

Masks cover your mouth and nose.
1. Some masks have a see-through plastic part that covers your eyes.

2. A surgical mask helps stop germs in your nose and mouth from
spreading. It can also keep you from breathing in some germs.

A special respiratory mask (respirator) forms a tight seal around your nose and
mouth. It may be needed so that you do not breathe in small germs like
tuberculosis bacteria or measles or chickenpox viruses.

Eye protection includes face shields and goggles. These protect the mucous
membranes in your eyes from blood and other bodily fluids. If these fluids
make contact with the eyes, germs in the fluid can enter the body through the
mucous membranes.

Clothing includes gowns, aprons, head covering, and shoe covers.
These are often used during surgery to protect you and the patient.
They are also used during surgery to protect you when you work with bodily
fluids.
Visitors wear gowns if they are visiting a person who is in isolation due to an
illness that can be easily spread.
You may need special PPE when handling some cancer drugs. This equipment
is called cytotoxic PPE.
You may need to wear a gown with long sleeves and elastic cuffs. This gown
should keep liquids from touching your skin.
You may also need to wear shoe covers, goggles, and special gloves.

Surgical gown is a personal protective garment intended to be worn by health
care personnel during surgical procedures to protect both the patient and
health care personnel from the transfer of microorganisms, body fluids, and
particulate matter. ...Surgical gowns can be used for any risk level

Footwear refers to garments worn on the feet, which originally serves to
purpose of protection against adversities of the environment, usually regarding
ground textures and temperature. ... Socks and other hosiery are typically
worn additionally between the feet and other footwear for further comfort and
relief.

FIRST AID KIT

A first aid kit is a collection of supplies and equipment that is used to give
medical treatment. There is a wide variation in the contents of first aid kits
based on the knowledge and experience of those putting it together, the
differing first aid requirements of the area where it may be used and variations
in legislation or regulation in a given area.

The international standard for first aid kits is that they should be identified
with the ISO graphical symbol for first aid (from ISO 7010) which is an equal
white cross on a green background.

First aid kits can be assembled in almost any type of container, and this will
depend on whether they are commercially produced or assembled by an
individual. Standard kits often come in durable plastic boxes, fabric pouches or
in wall mounted cabinets. The type of container will vary depending on the
purpose, and they range in size from wallet-sized through to large box.

It is recommended that all kits are in a clean, waterproof container to keep the
contents safe and aseptic. Kits should also be checked regularly and restocked
if any items are damaged or are out of date.

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) sets a standard for
first aid kits of being green, with a white cross, in order to make them easily
recognizable to anyone requiring first aid.

ISO First Aid Alternate version of the Red Cross Star of Life
Symbol first aid symbol

The ISO only endorse the use of the green background and white cross, and
this has been adopted as a standard across many countries and regions. First
aid kits are sometimes marked (by an individual or organization) with a red
cross on white background, but use of this symbol by anyone but
the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) or associated agency is
illegal under the terms of the First Geneva Convention, which designates the
red cross as a protected symbol in all countries signatory to it.

Some first aid kits may also feature the Star of Life, normally associated
with emergency medical services, but which are also used to indicate that the
service using it can offer an appropriate point of care. Though not supported by
the ISO, a white cross on red background is also widely recognized as a first
aid symbol. However, for very small medical institutions and domestic
purposes, the white cross on a plain green background is preferred.

Contents of first aid

A Pocket mask in its case.

Adhesive bandages are one of the most commonly used items in a first aid kit.

Plastic Tweezers

Disposable gloves are often found in modern first-aid kits.

Commercially available first aid kits available via normal retail routes have
traditionally been intended for treatment of minor injuries only. Typical

contents include adhesive bandages, regular strength pain medication, gauze
and low grade disinfectant.

Specialized first aid kits are available for various regions, vehicles or activities,
which may focus on specific risks or concerns related to the activity. For
example, first aid kits sold through marine supply stores for use in watercraft
may contain seasickness remedies.

Airway, Breathing and Circulation

First aid treats the ABCs as the foundation of good treatment. For this reason,
most modern commercial first aid kits (although not necessarily those
assembled at home) will contain a suitable infection barrier for
performing artificial respiration as part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation,
examples include:

1. Pocket mask
2. Face shield

Advanced first aid kits may also contain items such as:

1. Oropharyngeal airway
2. Nasopharyngeal airway
3. Bag valve mask
4. Manual aspirator or suction unit
5. Sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff)
6. Stethoscope

Some first aid kits, specifically those used by event first aiders and emergency
services, include bottled oxygen for resuscitation and therapy.

Common Items

The common kits used in the school may contain:

1. Alcohol or non alcohol antiseptic wipes
2. Band-Aids
3. Cotton Balls
4. Cotton Swabs
5. Iodine
6. Bandages
7. Hydrogen Peroxide
8. Gauze
9. Saline
10. Dressings
11. Eyewash
12. Antiseptic solution

13. Relispray
14. Ice pack

Trauma injuries

Trauma injuries, such as bleeding, bone fractures or burns, are usually the
main focus of most first aid kits, with items such as bandages and dressings
being found in the vast majority of all kits.

1. Adhesive bandages (band-aids, sticking plasters) - can include ones shaped
for particular body parts, such as knuckles

1. Moleskin— for blister treatment and prevention
2. Dressings (sterile, applied directly to the wound)

1. Sterile eye pads
2. Sterile gauze pads
3. Sterile non-adherent pads, containing a non-stick teflon layer
4. Petrolatum gauze pads, used as an occlusive ( air-tight) dressing for

sucking chest wounds, as well as a non-stick dressing
3. Bandages (for securing dressings, not necessarily sterile)

1. Gauze roller bandages - absorbent, breathable, and often elastic
2. Elastic bandages - used for sprains, and pressure bandages
3. Adhesive, elastic roller bandages (commonly called 'Vet wrap') - very

effective pressure bandages and durable, waterproof bandaging
4. Triangular bandages - used as slings, tourniquets, to tie splints, and

many other uses
4. Butterfly closure strips - used like stitches to close wounds, usually only

included for higher level response as can seal in infection in uncleaned
wounds.
5. Saline-used for cleaning wounds or washing out foreign bodies from eyes
6. soap - used with water to clean superficial wounds once bleeding is stopped
7. Antiseptic wipes or sprays for reducing the risk of infection in abrasions or
around wounds. Dirty wounds must be cleaned for antiseptics to be
effective.
8. Burn dressing, which is usually a sterile pad soaked in a cooling gel
9. Adhesive tape, hypoallergenic
10. Hemostatic agents may be included in first aid kits, especially military or
tactical kits, to promote clotting for severe bleeding.

Personal protective equipment

A waterproof Pelican first aid kit.

The use of personal protective equipment or PPE will vary by the kit, depending
on its use and anticipated risk of infection. The adjuncts to artificial respiration
are covered above, but other common infection control PPE includes:

1. Gloves which are single-use and disposable to prevent cross infection
2. Goggles or other eye protection
3. Surgical mask or N95 mask to reduce the possibility of airborne infection

transmission (sometimes placed on patient instead of caregivers. For this
purpose the mask should not have an exhale valve)
4. Apron

Instruments and equipment

1. Trauma shears for cutting clothing and general use
2. Scissors are less useful but often included
3. Tweezers, for removing splinters amongst others.
4. Lighter for sanitizing tweezers or pliers etc.
5. Alcohol pads for sanitizing equipment, or unbroken skin. This is sometimes

used to debride wounds, however some training authorities advise against
this as it may kill cells which bacteria can then feed on
6. Irrigation syringe - with catheter tip for cleaning wounds with sterile water,
saline solution, or a weak iodine solution. The stream of liquid flushes out
particles of dirt and debris.
7. Torch (also known as a flashlight)
8. Instant-acting chemical cold packs
9. Alcohol rub (hand sanitizer) or antiseptic hand wipes
10. Thermometer
11. Space blanket (lightweight plastic foil blanket, also known as "emergency
blanket")
12. Penlight
13. Cotton swab
14. Cotton wool, for applying antiseptic lotions.
15. Safety pins, for pinning bandages.

Medication

Medication can be a controversial addition to a first aid kit, especially if it is for
use on members of the public. It is, however, common for personal or family
first aid kits to contain certain medications. Dependent on scope of practice,
the main types of medicine are life saving medications, which may be
commonly found in first aid kits used by paid or assigned first aiders for
members of the public or employees, painkillers, which are often found in

personal kits, but may also be found in public provision and lastly
symptomatic relief medicines, which are generally only found in personal kits.

Life saving

1. Aspirin primarily used for central medical chest pain as an anti-platelet
2. Epinephrine autoinjector (brand name Epipen) - often included in kits for

wilderness use and in places such as summer camps, to temporarily reduce
airway swelling in the event of anaphylactic shock. Note that epinephrine
does not treat the anaphylactic shock itself, it only opens the airway to
prevent suffocation and allow time for other treatments to be used or help to
arrive. The effects of epinephrine (adrenaline) are short-lived, and swelling
of the throat may return, requiring the use of additional epipens until other
drugs can take effect, or more advanced airway methods (such
as intubation) can be established.
3. Diphenhydramine (brand name Benadryl) - Used to treat or prevent
anaphylactic shock. Best administered as soon as symptoms appear when
impending anaphylactic shock is suspected- Once the airway is restricted,
oral drugs can no longer be administered until the airway is clear again,
such as after the administration of an epipen. A common recommendation
for adults is to take two 25mg pills. Non-solid forms of the drug, such as
liquid or dissolving strips, may be absorbed more rapidly than tablets or
capsules, and therefore more effective in an emergency.

Pain killers

1. Paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen) is one of the most common
pain killing medication, as either tablet or syrup

2. Anti-inflammatory painkillers such as ibuprofen, naproxen or
other NSAIDs can be used as part of treating sprains and strains

3. Codeine which is both a painkiller and anti-diarrheal

Symptomatic relief

1. Anti diarrhea medication such as loperamide - especially important in
remote or third world locations where dehydration caused by diarrhea is a
leading killer of children

2. Oral rehydration salts
3. Antihistamine, such as diphenhydramine
4. Poison treatments

1. Absorption, such as activated charcoal
2. Emetics to induce vomiting, such as syrup of ipecac although first aid

manuals now advise against inducing vomiting.
5. Smelling salts (ammonium carbonate)

Topical medications

1. Antiseptics / disinfectants
1. Antiseptic fluid, moist wipe or spray- For cleaning and disinfecting a
wound. Typically benzalkonium chloride, which disinfects wounds with
minimal stinging or harm to exposed tissue. Can also be used as an
antibacterial hand wipe for the person providing aid.
1. Povidone iodine is an antiseptic in the form of liquid, swabstick, or
towelette. Can be used in a weak dilution of clean water to prepare an
irrigation solution for cleaning a wound.
2. Hydrogen peroxide is often included in home first aid kits, but is a
poor choice for disinfecting wounds- it kills cells and delays healing
2. Alcohol pads- sometimes included for disinfecting instruments or
unbroken skin (for example prior to draining a blister), or cleaning skin
prior to applying an adhesive bandage. Alcohol should not be used on an
open wound, as it kills skin cells and delays healing.
3. Medicated antiseptic ointments- for preventing infection in a minor
wound, after it is cleaned. Not typically used on wounds that are
bleeding heavily. Ointments typically contain one, two, or all three of the
following antibacterial ingredients (those containing all three are
typically called 'triple-antibiotic ointment') neomycin, polymyxin Bsulfate
or bacitracin zinc.

2. Burn gel - a water-based gel that acts as a cooling agent and often includes
a mild anaesthetic such as lidocaine and, sometimes, an antiseptic such
as tea tree oil

3. Anti-itch ointment
1. Hydrocortisone cream
2. antihistamine cream containing diphenhydramine
3. Calamine lotion, for skin inflammations.

4. Anti-fungal cream
5. Tincture of benzoin - often in the form of an individually sealed swab stick

or ampule, protects the skin and aids the adhesion of adhesive bandages,
such as moleskin,
6. Band-Aids, or wound closure ('butterfly') strips. Benzoin swab sticks are
very prone to leaking and making a mess when kept in portable first aid
kits, ampules are a more durable option. If swab sticks are used, it is
advisable to keep them in a sealed zip lock bag.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES GUIDE

Dealing with media

All media requests should go to the University’s Public Information Officer (PIO),
which is the Associate Vice President for Marketing and Communications.

• During or after an emergency, no other individual should disseminate
information to the media, unless authorized by the President.

• If you have information that you think is important, please share it with the
Associate Vice President for Marketing & Communications. News Media
Personnel on Campus Grounds:

• If any media personnel are observed on campus, notify Police immediately.

News Media Personnel on Campus Grounds:

• If any media personnel are observed on campus, notify Police immediately.

If there is a utility failure/power outage:

1. Remain calm.

Notify Facilities Management immediately of the type of utility outage (electrical,
heating, cooling, water, etc.).

• Provide assistance to others in your immediate area that may be unfamiliar
with the building.

If necessary, evacuate the area following the procedures outlined in this guide
(see Evacuation tab).

• If you are in an elevator, stay calm. Use the emergency button or telephone to
alert Police.

Note: All employees are encouraged to contact Facilities Management

If A hazardous materials incident occurs:

Immediately notify Police and/or Facilities Management of the situation.

• Evacuate the area.

• If possible, control access to the affected area by closing doors as you leave.

• Individuals who were in the area or involved in the incident should remain in
a safe location at the scene until responding police officers arrive.

• Consult University Health Services, local EMS, or your own doctor to be
checked for adverse medical symptoms (shortness of breath, fainting, etc.).

• If you notice anyone with adverse medical symptoms, call 911 or refer them to
Health Services.

• If you know what chemicals were involved, please advise Police, Facilities
Management, or other responders. Obtain Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS) if appropriate.

If someone becomes ill or is injured:

Call 911 to request medical assistance. If you are not sure if the situation is truly
an emergency, call anyway!

• For situations where you or the people around you are NOT in imminent danger

• Do not attempt to move a person
• If you or the people around you are in danger of injury, evacuate the area.
Unless certified to provide first aid, do not attempt to render any first aid before

trained assistance arrives.
• Use personal protective equipment (gloves) when exposing yourself to bodily

fluids (e.g., blood, vomit, etc.).
• Preserve the scene of the medical emergency in the event the incident will

require an investigation by school or police officials.

Automobile Accident:
• Call Police - 911.
• Give the dispatcher your name and location.
• Advise the dispatcher of the extent of any injuries and the number of people

involved.
• Have all persons and witnesses involved remain at the scene until the police

arrive.
• Do not move the vehicle(s). Accident investigators want to see the scene as it

was, so the cause of the accident can be determined.

WEAPON ON CAMPUS:
• Should someone observe a gun or other weapon, instruct them not to touch it.
• NOTIFY POLICE IMMEDIATELY.
• Secure the scene until the appropriate personnel arrive to retrieve the weapon.
• Move everyone to a safe location and away from the weapon or the person with

the weapon.
• If the report is just a rumor, it still must be reported to Police for investigation.

CRIME IN PROGRESS:
• If you notice a crime in progress, do NOT attempt to apprehend or interfere

with the criminal(s) except in case of self-protection.
• Get a good description of the criminal(s): height, weight, age, sex, hair color,

clothing, etc.
• If a vehicle is involved, obtain the license plate number, make, model, and color
• Call 911 or Police
Identity theft

• Occurs when someone gains access to a person’s basic information, including
name, address, and credit card or Social Security numbers, and uses that
information to open new credit or bank accounts, order merchandise or
borrow money, fraudulently use telling phone calling cards, etc. How Identity
Theft Occurs:

• Being in possession of a stolen credit card, the suspect may call the credit card
issuer and ask to change the mailing address on the account. The victim
doesn’t receive the bills and the identity thief uses the stolen card.

• They may open up a bank account in the victim’s name and write bad checks
on that account.

• Using a stolen debit card, they may drain the victim’s bank account. Prevention
of Identity Theft or Fraud - Reducing Access to Personal Data:

• Minimize the number of credit cards and identification information you carry
in your wallet or purse. Don’t carry bank account numbers, PINs, or Social
Security cards.

• Do not have your Social Security Number, assigned driver’s license number,
middle name, or telephone number pre-printed on your checks.

• Never provide personal information (Social Security Number, credit card
number, address, etc.) over the telephone unless you initiate the call and are
familiar or acquainted with the business.

• Always take credit card and ATM receipts with you. Never toss them in a public
trash container.

• Do not use your Social Security Number as any kind of identifier such as ATM
PIN numbers.

• Review your credit card bills, telephone bills, and checking account statements
as soon as they are received to ensure that no fraudulent activity has taken
place.

Personal Safety

What is Personal Safety?

Awareness does not necessarily mean that you must practice the martial arts
and become proficient at physical self-defense. Self-defense is “mental”
preparation as well as physical. Awareness through education is the easiest
way to practice

The Basics of Personal Safety:

• Be aware of your surroundings.

• Concentrate at all times; do not appear oblivious to danger. Trust your “gut
feelings” that something is wrong.

• Know what to do if you become a victim; know what and how to report an
incident.

• Practice good habits; at home, at work, at school, shopping driving, walking/
jogging, or socializing/dating, etc. Safety at Work:

• Working late – ask the Police to escort you to your vehicle. Call home and let
someone know that you will be working late.

• Using an elevator – do not get into an elevator if someone inside makes you feel
uncomfortable (trust your gut feeling). Step out of the elevator if someone
enters that causes you to feel uncomfortable. Always stand near the control
panel, this will allow you to push any or all buttons if you need to stop the
elevator due to being targeted as victim while inside.

• Leave and walk in a group (in a group of two or more, the possibly of becoming
a victim of a crime is reduced by 70 %)

• Accept rides from those employees you know.

• If you ever feel uncomfortable about a fellow employee or other individual, make
your supervisor and a family member aware of your concern.

Parking:

• Park in well-lit areas.

• Have your keys in your hand – a key can be a perfect weapon and limits the
time you spend standing outside your vehicle.

• As you approach your vehicle look under it and in it – don’t approach your
vehicle if there is a suspicious person near it.

Evacuation Procedures:

• Remain calm

• Evacuate using the nearest safe exit, ensuring others around you are aware of
the need to evacuate.

• Assemble at least 100 feet from the building, remaining in your class/office
group if possible.

• Consider individuals with disabilities that may need assistance evacuating.

• Evacuate the building immediately, in a calm orderly manner, using only the
exit and directions provided.

• DO NOT take personal items with you.

• Close doors behind you while exiting.

• Walk, do not run.

DO NOT go into the restrooms.
• DO NOT use the elevators.
• Keep clear of emergency vehicles.
• Leave sidewalks and roadways clear for emergency responders.
• Report to emergency responders any hazards, fires, and any individuals unable

to evacuate.
• Remain at the designated evacuation assembly area until directed by Police.

Campus Evacuation:
• If a campus evacuation is issued, exit according to Police or other emergency

authority instructions.
• Do not put your vehicle in a position where it blocks the way for others.
• Some vehicles may be chosen for emergency transportation; if your vehicle is

chosen, please cooperate.
• If you are unable to evacuate with your vehicle, evacuate by foot.
Telephone Threat
Remain calm and don’t hang up. Keep the caller on the line as long as possible,

and listen carefully.
• Note the time of the call. Ask the caller the following questions:
• Where is the bomb?
• When will it explode?
• What does the bomb look like?
• What kind of bomb is it?
• What is the caller’s name and motive for placing the bomb?
• Are you an employee?
• Are you a student?
• Write down any pertinent information such as background noises, gender of

caller, and voice pitches and patterns.
• Notify Police immediately.
Written threat/package
Remain calm.
• Don’t touch or approach a bomb or suspicious device.
• Do not use your portable radio or cell phone within 100 ft. of the package.
• Notify Police immediately.

• Do not attempt to move or open the package.
• Keep anyone from handling it or going near it.
• Evacuate all persons out of the immediate area.
• Write down everything you remember about the letter or parcel.
Notification of a bomb threat:
• Remain calm and conduct a search of your area for any suspicious packages

or unidentified/unusual objects.
Never touch any package that is suspicious!
• If you see something suspicious, notify Police.
• Follow evacuation directions from Police. Do not self-evacuate!
• Avoid running and other movement, since this can detonate certain devices.
• Remember that explosives can be hidden in or fashioned to look like ordinary

objects.
• Save all packing materials.
If you discover fire or smoke
CALL 911
Remember: R.A.C.E.
• Rescue: Remove anyone from immediate danger.
• Alarm: Notify the Police of the fire situation and activate the nearest emergency

pull station.
• Contain: Close all doors to confine smoke and fire.
• Evacuate: Unless otherwise directed, use the nearest safe exit to evacuate.

Remain with those around you until directed to return to the building.
Response to audible fire alarms:

Remain calm.
• Evacuate the area, even if you think it is a drill or prank.
• Only return to the building when directed by Police.

DO NOT RUN!
• STOP where you are,
• DROP to the ground, and
• ROLL over and over to smother flame

Evacuation reminders:

• If leaving a room, feel the door with the back of your hand before opening it
and do not open any door that feels hot.

• Do not return to your area for personal belongings.
• If smoke is present, stay low. The best quality of air is near the floor.
• Consider individuals with disabilities that may need assistance evacuating.

If you are trapped in your office/classroom:
Wedge wet towels or cloth materials along the bottom of the door to keep out

smoke.
• Try to close as many doors as possible between you and the fire.
• Dial 911 to report your problem and location.
• If you are trapped in an area and need fresh air, only break the window as a

last resort. Use extreme caution when breaking the window.