KSSM
Science Form 1
MAINTENANCE AND CONTINUITY
OF LIFE
CELL AS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE
AND
COORDINATION AND RESPONSES
N U R A Y U N I S Y A Z W A N I B I N T I M O H D S U P I A N
Maintenance and continuity of life
cell as the basic unit of life
and
coordination and responses
EFFECTIVE LESSON BOOK WITH DIAGRAM AND MINDMAP
Author : NUR AYUNI SYAZWANI BINTI MOHD SUPIAN
First published 2022
by
A Yeaz publication sdn bhd
No 5, Jalan Murni aroma,
1222,Puncak Alam,Selangor
Tel : 015-35284920
Fax:03-3768732
All rights are reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
prior permission of OUP.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would want to praise Allah for
providing me with the strength and blessing that allow me
to complete this work. I might not have gotten this far
without His blessing. With my devotion and responsibility,
I always strive hard to finish this lesson book
development assignment.
I would want to express my gratitude to my lecturer,
Madam Fairuz Binti Mohd Dalim because my assignment
could not be completed successfully without her guidance.
she always gives me encouragement and guidance on how
to do this assignment in order to get a positive outcome.
She was a huge inspiration for me to work on this project. I
would also like to express my gratitude to her for
instructing me . Last but not least, I would like to thank
University Technology Mara (UiTM) campus, Puncak Alam,
for providing me with the opportunity to complete this
lesson book development project. Finally, I want to thank
my classmates, family, and friends for their
encouragement and willingness to spend time helping me
to finish this assignment.
Finally, I really hope that my lesson book will give a lot of
benefits to students out there especially science students.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENT
Acknowledgement ii
Table of content iii
Table of figures iV
Chapter 2:Cell as the basic unit of life 1
2-7
2.1.Cell-Structure,function &organisation 8
2.2.Cell respiration & photosynthesis 9
Quiz chapter 2 10
Chapter 3: Coordinate & response 11-13
3.1. Homeostasis in living things 14
Quiz chapter 3 15
References
iii
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1.Process of cell division 2
Figure 2. The function of structures in plant cell 3
Figure 3.The function of structure in animal cell 4
Figure 4.The similarities & differences of plant cells
4
& animal cell 6
Figure 5.The types of cells in plant 7
Figure 6.System in human body 7
Figure 7.System in human body
Figure 8.The process of cell respiration & photosynthesis 8
11
complement each other 12
Figure 9.Homeostasis control process 12
Figure 10.Regulation of water content 12
Figure 11.Regulation of body temperature during hot day 13
Figure 12.Regulation of body temperature during cold day 13
Figure 13.The opening of stoma
Figure 14.The closing of stoma
iv
2
CELL AS THE BASIC
UNIT OF LIFE
What will you learn?
2.1.Cell -Structure,Function and
Organisation.
2.2.Cell respiration and photosynthesis
1
2.1 Cell-Structure,Function Learning
Standard
and Organisation
At the end of the lesson
What is a cell? Cell is a basic unit
,students should be able to :
of life.
Do you know what
is cell? Do you know that if our
2.1.1.Explain details that living
cells are old and
things are made up of cells
The function of cell is
that carry out life's functions
Carry out all life's
damaged,cells will
and undergo cell division
functions such as
undergo a division
correctly.
process to form new cells
growth, respiration
and replace damaged
2.1.2.Demonstrate the full
and excretion preparation of slides of animal
cells. cells and plant cells using the
correct procedures.
2.1.3.Communicate about
each structures in cells with
their functions as well as
compare and contrast animal
cells with plant cells correctly.
2.1.4.Explain with exampels the
characteristics of unicellular
and multicellular organisms
for animal cells and plant cells
correctly.
2.1.5.State 10 differnces of
the types and functions of
animal and plant cells
correctly.
2.1.6.Conceptualise the
formation of a plant and an
animal with reference to the
sequence of cell organization
accurately.
Figure 1. Process of cell division. Activity
In controlled
conditions,cells divide
normally.Cancer occur
when cell divide
continuously without
control.Discuss what is the
main cause of cancer and
how can cancer be
detected?
History Corner In 1665,an English scientist named Robert Hooke
invented a simple microscope to observe a piece of
cork.He saw lots of small box-shaped structures within
the cork.Therefore,he named the structures as cells.
In 1674,Antonie van Leeuwenhoek invented a powerful
microscope .He observed moving microorganisms in a
drop of rain water using his microscope.
2
2.1 Cell-Structure,Function
and Organisation
Functions of structures in animal cells and plant cells.
Figure 2. The functions of structures in plant cell.
3
2.1 Cell-Structure,Function
and Organisation
Note
There are also animal
cells containing small
vacuoles whose
contents are different
from the vacuole in
plants cells.
Figure 3. The functions of structures in animal cell.
Comparison between plant cells and animal cells
Figure 4. The similarities and differences of plant cells and animal cells.
4
2.1 Cell-Structure,Function
and Organisation
Unicellular and multicellular organisms Multicellular Organism
Unicellular Organism "multi" means many.Organisms
that consist of more than one cell
"Uni" means one .Organisms that
consist of only one cell.
Euglena Mucor Spirogyra Animal
Amoeba Paramecium Unicellular organism in plants Hydra
and animal kingdom.it can Plant
Unicellular organism in animal make its own food using
kingdom are Amoeba and sunlight like plants & move like
Paramecium that lives in watery animals.
areas.
Unicellular organism Human
in plant kingdom
Chlamydomonas
The types and function of animal cells and plant cells
Epithelium cells Nerve cells
Form a layer that protects organs
Contain long fibres that function
in the body and also secrete
to carry information in the form of
mucus. impulse to all parts of the body.
Muscle cells Red blood cells
Contract and relax muscles to
Have no nucleus.
enable movement Biconcave disc shaped to
increase surface area
Reproductive cells Contain haemoglobin that
Sperms carry male genetic functions to transport oxygen
materials and an ovum carries to all parts of the body.
female genetic materials. Transport carbon dioxide from
cells in all parts of the body to
the lungs.
White blood cells
Change their form to surround
foreign particles and destroy
them.
5
2.1 Cell-Structure,Function
and Organisation
The types and function of animal cells and plant cells
Skin is the largest
organ in the human
body
Figure 5. The types of cells in plant. In Animals In Plants
The formation of organism Epithelium cell Epidermal cell
Epithelium tissue Epidermal tissue
Cell
Tissue Stomach Leaf
Organ
System Digestive system Transportation system
Organism
Organism Organism 6
2.1 Cell-Structure,Function
and Organisation
Systems in the human body
There are various systems that carry out important functions inside human body. Each
system consist of a few organs that work together to carry out a specific function. The
various functions of all systems must be coordinated so that the human body can carry out
all life processes or activities effectively.
Figure 6. Sytems in the human body
Figure 7 . Sytems in the human body
Test your understanding
1.what are three organs that involve in the
exrectory systems?
2.Which structure in plant cell function in protects
and maintains cell shape?
7
2.2 Cell Respiration and
Learning
Standard
Photosynthesis
At the end of the lesson
What is respiratory External
,students should be able to :
respiration
Respiratory can be
divided into 2 ( involves
2.2.1.Communicate full
exchange of gases
process of cellular respiration
accurately.
between the
organism and
2.2.2.Communicate about full
environment) process of photosynthesisi
correctly.
Cell respiration
( oxidation
2.2.3.Differentiate the
process of cellular respiration
process and break
and photosynthesis
down glucose) accurately.
2.2.4. Explain how the process
of cellular respiration and the
process of photosynthesis
complement each other
correctly.
Cell respiration
Process of breaking down food to release energy .The energy released
will be used for all life processes that occur inside the body.
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
Photosynthesis
Light energy Glucose +oxygen
Carbon dioxide + Water
Chlorophyll
The differences between cell respiration and photosynthesis
Cell respiration Photosynthesis
Occur in mitochondria Occurs in chloroplast The processes of cell
Process to release energy Process to absorb energy respiration and photosynthesis
Uses chemical energy in food
Uses energy from light complement each other.
Occurs in humans, animals, plants and
Occurs in plants and microorganisms
microorganisms
Breaks down glucose to produce energy Synthesises glucose
Uses glucose and oxygen to produce
Uses carbon dioxide and water to
Figure 8 . The process of cell respiration
carbondioxide, water and energy produce oxygen and glucose
8and photosynthesis complement each
Occurs at all times Occurs only in the presence of light other.
1.If a plant cell and an animal cell are observed under a
microscope,what are the characteristics of the cells that
enable you to identify the cell as a plant cell?
2.Explain why the skin is an organ an not a tissue.
3.Give one example of an organ.Predict the condition of a
human if he loses the organ.
4.What is the function of digestive system in human ?
5.Describe the full process of photosynthesis and state
the product produced at the end of the process.
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3
COORDINATION AND
RESPONSE
What will you learn?
3.1. Homeostasis in living things
10
3.1 Learning
Standard
Homeostasis in living things
At the end of the lesson
Homeostasis in human ,students should be able to :
Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of the internal
environment in the body of an organism 3.1.1.Communicate details
about homeostasis.
3.1.2.Explain with examples the
systems involved with
homeostasis in humans and
animals correctly.
3.1.3.Explain with examples the
systems involved in plant
homeostasis accurately.
3.1.4.Appreciate the
importance of homeostasis in
humans and living things
correctly
Figure 9.Homeostasis control process.
When the internal environment in our body such as the body temperature
increases,the control centre at the brain will detect the changes .A corrective
mechanism will then take place and the temperature will reduce to its normal
range.When the body temperature decreases,a corrective mechanism will take
place and the temperature will rise to its normal range.
Regulation of
IHMOHPMUOEMROTASANTNABCOSEIDSSYOINF
water
temperature Homeostasis comes
from two Greek
Regulation of
words,'homeo' meaning
similar and 'stasis'
water meaning stable
11
3.1
Homeostasis in living things
Regulation of water content Regulation of body temperature
During a hot day During a cold day
Our body temperature will Our body temperature
increases will decreases
Detected by the brain Detected by the brain
corrective mechanism : Corrective mechanism :
Activity of the skeletal
Skeletel muscle will
muscle and certain
contract and relax
hormone secretion will
actively and it will cause
reduce and eventually,
an individual to shiver to
decreases the body
increase the body
temperature temperature
less urine Certain hormone will be
secreted to increase
body metabolism
Body temperature
Body temperature
decreases increases
Figure 10.Regulation of water content Normal temperature Normal temperature
Figure 11.regulation of body
Figure 12.regulation of body
temperature during hot day temperature during cold day
The condition of skin layer during higher and lower surrounding temperature:
Higher surrounding temperature
Sweat glands produce more sweat to cool the skin when sweat is evaporated.
Hairs lie flat to reduce air trapped on the skin so that heat can be released easily.
Blood vessels dilate to let more blood flow close to the skin to increase heat loss
Lower surrounding temperature
Erect hairs trap a layer
of air that acts as a heat insulator.
Blood vessels constrict to let more blood flow away from the skin to reduce heat
loss.
12
3.1 Closes spiracles
between two
Homeostasis in living things breathing
movements to
Homeostasis in animal
reduce water loss
Animal likes cats and dogs do
I lick my fur to
I hang my tongue
not have sweat glands except
reduce my body out so that the
temperature
on their sole.Let us see how
temperature decreases.
they maintain homeostasis
during changes in surrounding
My fur stands
erect when it is
temperature cold to trap heat
Produce fluid and
Activity
looks for humid
How does homeostasis
places to reduce
occurs in the body of
water loss snakes and polar bear ?
Reptiles
Cold surrounding Hot surrounding
The heart beats faster
Body activities become slower Movements become faster
Muscles function more slowly Metabolism rate increases
Body temperature increases
Movements become slower
Metabolism rate decreases
Body temperature decreases
Homeostasis in plants Transpiration helps plants to absorb and carry water
and minerals from the soil to all parts of the
Water from plants are lost through a
process known as transpiration. plants.Evaporation of water from the leaves cools the
plant during hot days.
What is Guard cells control the opening and closing of stoma.During the
stoma? day,stoma opens to enable exchange of gas.At the same time,water
vapour will be lost from the leaves and this will increase the rate of
water intake by the roots.
Figure 13.The opening of stoma Figure 14. The closing of stoma 13
1
1.Explain how do plants control homeostasis?
2.How do our bodies respond to changes in temperature when we
enter a very cold room?
3.What is the role of blood vessels in increasing heat loss?
4.During exercise,our body loses a lot of water .Why do people who
exercise need to drink water before feeding thirsty?
5.Why does our face look red after doing an active exercise but pale
when feeling cold?
14
REFERENCES
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PMC7076167.
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3.Johnson MP. Photosynthesis. Essays Biochem. 2016 Oct 31;60(3):255-
273. doi: 10.1042/EBC20160016. Erratum in: Essays Biochem. 2017 Oct
31;61(4):429. PMID: 27784776; PMCID: PMC5264509.
4.Kang, B. H., Anderson, C. T., Arimura, S. I., Bayer, E., Bezanilla, M.,
Botella, M. A., ... & Zolman, B. K. (2022). A glossary of plant cell structures:
current insights and future questions. The Plant Cell, 34(1), 10-52.
5.Meunier, C. L., Malzahn, A. M., & Boersma, M. (2014). A new approach to
homeostatic regulation: towards a unified view of physiological and
ecological concepts. PLoS One, 9(9), e107737.
6.Modell H, Cliff W, Michael J, McFarland J, Wenderoth MP, Wright A. A
physiologist's view of homeostasis. Adv Physiol Educ. 2015 Dec;39(4):259-
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PMC4669363.
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