Science 2016/2017

Advantage?

Hypothesis: ​(Use proper form!)

If the angle of an inclined plane is larger​, than the​ mechanical advantage will increase.

Diagrams of Inclined Planes:​ (Label Diagrams)

Angle Chart: h​ ttps://drive.google.com/open?id=0B4RmhXJlHvo1YXZhcDNMSDNSMXc

Calculations (​ Examples): Efficiency

IMA AMA Efficiency= Wout/Win*100
Efficiency= 210/300*100
IMA= Din/Dout AMA= Fout/Fin Efficiency= 70
IMA= 150/30 AMA= 7/2
IMA= 5 AMA= 3.5 Efficiency
Efficiency= Wout/Win*100
IMA AMA Efficiency= 210/270*100
IMA= Din/Dout AMA= Fout/Fin Efficiency= 77.78
IMA= 90/30 AMA= 7/3
IMA= 3 AMA= 2.3

Graph:​ (​ Angle and Mechanical Advantage)

Conclusion:
Option #1 Write a Conclusion.
***Your conclusion must also address which machine would be impossible
and why?

In conclusion,​ My hypot​hesis was corre​ ct, The la​rger the angle is the
more the IMA, and AMA (Ideal Mechanical Advantage) and (Actual
Mechanical Advantage) is going to be. As you can see on the graph, the
smallest angle of 53 degrees, the IMA and AMA are just passed 1.5, and
then the 72 degree angle the AMA is at about 2 and IMA is at about 3,
and at a 78 degree angle the IMA is at about 5 and the AMA is almost at
4. THat proves my hypothesis is correct that the bigger angle the bigger
Mechanical Advantage.

Option #2 Building
Compare 2 famous buildings based on the following Inclined Plane Data.
A builder wanted to get a 6​ 0 kg bag​ of concrete to the top of the 2
buildings.

1. What would the length of the ramp be if the machine has:
IMA - 5.9
AMA - 3.7
2. What are the angles of the ramps?
3. Using Work Input and Output, what is the efficiency of the machines?

Rubric

Lab Rubric - Data Analysis Sections

1 234

Data/ ____Data is poorly ____Data is ____Data is ___Data is clearly
Observations organized or missing represented in a represented in the and accurately
altogether. table or graph, but table or graph with represented in a
No mention of it is incomplete or minor errors. More table or graph.
observations there are major complete discussion Observations
errors. Some of observations. include discussion
discussion of of both qualitative
observations and quantitative
observations.

Conclusion/ ____No conclusion is ____Somewhat ____Adequately ____Clearly explains
Analysis written in this report or it explains whether or explains whether or whether or not the
is very brief. No data is not the hypothesis not the hypothesis hypothesis was
cited. was supported. was supported. supported. Data
____No analysis is ____ Possible Data is cited to was cited to support
included or it is extremely sources of error are support hypothesis. the hypothesis.
brief no sources of error somewhat ____Possible ____Possible
are explained. explained. sources of error are sources of error are
____No discussion of ____ No discussion adequately clearly explained.
patterns or trends in the of patterns or explained.
data trends ____Some ____Trends and
discussion of Patterns in the data
patterns or trend in are clearly
the data discussed.

27. Heat Project
Thermal (Heat) Energy Project
Chapter 6 (pg. 156-180)
DUE: Friday May 16th

1. Vocabulary - Define and make note cards

Conduction​: T​ he Heat:​ ​of or related Insulator​: a​ n object Calorie:​ a​ unit of
process when to temperature, that helps keeping heat energy.
heat/electricity is something, in
transmitted through particularly a high particular, heat, in
a substance where an enclosed space,
there is a difference temperature. not letting it go out.
of temperature
between regions,
without the material
moving.

Convection:​ ​The Temperature:​ ​ A Second Law of Turbine​: A​
movement of fluid, way of measuring Thermodynamics:​ machine that
where hotter fluid It shows the produces power by
rises, and colder the heat present in relationship a wheel that is
fluid sinks because between heat and moving because of
it is denser, thus an object. other forms of a fast-moving body
causing a heat energy, and how of water.
transformation. energy affects
matter.

Radiation​: ​The Heat​ E​ ngine​: Specific​ H​ eat​: ​the Generator​: a​ n
emission of energy machine that heat that is needed object that helps to
through produces motive to raise the
electromagnetic power from heat temperature of the produce heat,
waves, or moving like a steam unit of mass of a
subatomic particles. engine. substance by a
given amount.

First​ L​ aw​ o​ f Conductor:​ a Kinetic​ ​Energy​:
Thermodynamics​: device that energy that
The law of
transmits heat something has
conservation of
when it is in motion.
energy says that

energy can’t be

created or

destroyed.

2. Provide a diagram showing molecular motion in Solids, Liquids, and gases.
*How are they different?

In the solids, the molecular motion is nothing, since it doesn't move, in liquids,the
molecules are more spread out so they move a little more, and in gases, the molecules
are the most spread out so they move the most.

3. Discuss the energy needed to change a 15 gram ice cube into steam. Use a
graph and one calculation from our unit on Phase Changes.
Heat = m*H​v
Heat = 15g*80 cal/g/C
Heat = 1200 cal/C
Heat = m*difference in T*SH
Heat = 15g*100C*1cal/gC
Heat = 1500 calories
Heat = m*Hv​
Heat = 15 g*540 cal/g/C
Heat = 8100 calories.
Heat = 8100+1500+1200
Heat = 10800 calories

4. What is the difference between Heat and Temperature? Provide a definition,
picture and video link to help you review.

Heat​: ​an object of place that is hot or has a high temperature
Temperature​: ​the degree of heat present in a substance or object, especially as
expressed according to a comparative scale and shown by a thermometer or perceived
by touch.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zf_6fpNbaR0
5. Construct a graph showing the average monthly temperatures in Hartford, CT.,
a city on the equator and a city in the Southern Hemisphere.
Questions:

1. What do you notice about the temperatures?
From the beginning of the year the temp starts to rise, but at july it starts to drop.

2. How is heat transferred throughout the Earth?
Heat is transferred directly towards the equator, then traveling throughout the

earth.

4. How is Steam used to create electricity in Power Plants?
A. Coal Plant
water is turned into steam to drive turbine generators.
B. Natural Gas Plant
fuel produces heat, heats up water, makes steam, which turns the turbines.
C. Nuclear Plant
fuel produces heat, heats up water, makes steam, which turns the turbines
D. Where did Fossil Fuels originate?
They were formed hundreds of millions of years ago before the jurassic age
E. What is the difference between Renewable and NonRenewable forms of energy?
Renewable forms of energy are easy to make and get again and can be renewed, they
are unlimited and you will never run out. Nonrenewable forms of energy can’t be
renewed, some take thousands of years to renew while others never renew.

Part II - Water, Orange Juice and Vegetable Oil
1. Conduct an experiment to determine the Heat Gained by 20 g of each substance

2. You must measure the mass of Orange Juice and Vegetable Oil.
3. Research the Specific Heats of Orange Juice and Vegetable Oil in Calories/g C not in
Joules.
4. Make a data table
5. Construct a 3 Line graph for 2 minutes of data collection - 1 pt every 10 seconds
6. Write a conclusion about your results.

Critical Thinking Questions
1. What happens to the molecules in each of the beakers as heat is added?
2. Which substance showed the greatest temperature change? Least? Use data
3. Which substance does research say should show the greatest temperature
increase? Least? Why? How does this relate to Specific Heat?
4. How does Average Kinetic Energy relate to this experiment?
5. Why is water a great substance to put into a car engine radiator?
Practice Calculation
1. How much heat was gained by a 50 g sample of Orange Juice that increased its
temperature from 35 C to 75 C?

2. How much heat was gained by a 350 g sample of Vegetable oil that increased its
temperature from 24 C to 95 C?
Lopez Lab
Water (32 - 23) Oil (39-23)
http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/Energy/SpecificHeat.htm
Use this to help solve problems

6. Lab Experiment:
*Conduct an experiment that tests 3 different cups for their ability to insulate.
A. Conduct experiment
B. Create Data Table - Include Specific Heat
C. Write short conclusion paragraph that relates your data to research about the
effectiveness of the 3 materials to provide insulation.

Critical Thinking - Choose 2 out of 3 to research
Provide pictures
1. How did NASA protect the astronauts in their space vehicles from the harmful
radiation from space?
2. How is your home insulated? Research the “R” value system for insulation.
3. How does the atmosphere act as an insulator?

7. Lab Experiment: April 28-30
*Conduct an experiment to determine the Specific Heat of 3 different metals.
A. LAB TEMPLATE
B. LAB RUBRIC - Focus on DATA ANALYSIS SECTION

28. More to follow….