Malaysia China Entrepreneurs_VO.3

专栏

上图：沙巴的仙本那-梦幻之境，世界级的潜水天堂 2018_VOLUME 03

梁总领事认为，中国游客对沙巴的热衷主要来源 沙巴政府相信，较少的商业化手段，反而能为游
于沙巴州丰富的旅游资源。他介绍，沙巴风景优 客带来更多更好的体验。
美，如该州著名旅游胜地仙本那，素有“小马尔
代夫”之称，有美丽的热带海岛风光和独特的海 对此，他举例说：“沙巴本地的夜市，大多是以
洋生态，沙清水秀，碧海蓝天，有世界最著名的 本地人为目标顾客，而非专门针对外国游客设
潜水胜地诗巴丹等，是潜水爱好者的天堂。此 计、宣传以及经营。”不过，他也坦言沙巴政府
外，沙巴州首府亚庇有世界三大最美落日之一， 每年也都在出台新的政策来吸引中国游客，并且
有奇异的热带雨林、著名的红树林、萤火虫，还 在修建新的基础设施来作为旅游业的保障。
有独一无二的长鼻猴、红毛猩猩等野生动物，另
外还有充满传奇色彩的东南亚最高峰—神山，基 目前，沙巴在中国的知名度越来越高，已成为中
纳巴卢山。 国游客最青睐、最热门的海外旅游目的地之一。
沙巴政府对中国游客持开放和欢迎的态度，并为
除此之外，沙巴淳朴的民风，热情友善的人民， 此做了大量工作。
及其多元文化和马来西亚政府对中国推出的签证
便利政策，都使得沙巴在中国游客中享有极高的 “我们总领馆与沙巴州旅游部、旅游局和旅游协
口碑。 会等机构都保持密切的联系互动，大家一起共同
努力，为促进沙巴旅游业的发展做了大量卓有成
据梁总领事介绍，目前中国已有十几个城市开通 效的工作，”梁总领事说。
了直通沙巴州首府哥打基纳巴卢的直航，每周有
一百多架航班往返。 梁总领事表示，中沙双方在接下来的工作中将进
一步完善沙巴旅游设施及服务，提升旅游的安全
在记者走访的过程中，有幸结识到一位在沙巴从 性、舒适度，进一步做好旅游宣传，提高除亚庇
事旅游业15年的资深导游Leo。他向记者表示，相 及仙本那以外地区的知名度，并进一步加强地方
对于其他已经开发较为成熟的海岛，例如泰国的 政府间合作，利用友好城市、友好省州等平台，
普吉岛和印尼的巴厘岛，沙巴更原汁原味地保留 促进人文交流，加强民心相通。
了当地原生态的文化与自然风光。他告诉记者，

MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS 49

COLUMN Liang Cai De

Consul-General at the Consulate General of the People's Republic of China in Kota Kinabalu

SABAH, MALAYSIA IS THRIVING THANKS
TO CHINESE TOURISTS

2018_VOLUME 03 Sabah is the second largest state of Malaysia, located on many fronts has grown closer than ever. More
to the north of Borneo Island. It has become one of and more Chinese companies have developed a
the most popular destinations for Chinese tourism in strong interest in Sabah and have been paying close
recent years, with over 360,000 Chinese tourists attention to it, looking for investment opportunities
traveling to the state over the first eight months of here," said Liang.
2018, a year-on-year increase of 44 percent. Companies like China State Construction Engineering
Liang Caide, Consul-General at the Consulate General Corporation, China Railway Group, State Power
of the People's Republic of China in Kota Kinabalu Investment Corporation Guangdong Guangken
explained, "Sabah's popularity benefits from its Rubber Group, and PetroChina have already arrived
abundant tourism resources. Firstly, the scenery in in Sabah.
Sabah is gorgeous, with beautiful tropical islands and The investment projects of these companies cover
unique marine ecosystems. The water is clear, areas such as infrastructure, real estate, tourism,
the sand is soft, and the sky and sea are so blue. hotels, planting, electricity and energy.
Second, Sabah is of great convenience in terms of Liang adds, "Chinese companies have not only
transportation. More than ten major Chinese cities brought funds and technologies to Sabah but have
are linked to Sabah by air, with over 100 direct flights also created more employment opportunities for
operating every week. Third, people in Sabah have local people, pushed the development of local
folk customs. They are hospitable. A wide variety of infrastructures and other industries, and injected a
ethnicities, religions and cultures co-exist peacefully fresh boost to the local economy. The potential is
in Sabah. This is Sabah's distinguishing feature, huge with promising prospects. As the Consulate
making it truly shine." General, we will continue to expand cooperative
This year marks the fifth anniversary of the launch of grounds for both, improve the quality of cooperation
the Belt and Road Initiative, and Sabah is benefiting and further promote effective integration of the Belt
from it. and Road Initiative and the Sabah Development
"As the Belt and Road Initiative continues to develop Corridor in the local area."
at full speed, cooperation between China and Sabah
(Source People’s Daily)

50 MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS

2018“老绍兴 醉江南” 美丽中国
旅游推介会在吉隆坡隆重举办

中国浙江绍兴旅游宣传推介来到马来西亚，本次 谢文俊代表马来西亚欢迎来自绍兴的代表 2018_VOLUME 03
会议活动由绍兴市旅游委员会主办，当地近50家 团，他表示中国是马来西亚入境非常重要的市
旅行社和10多家主流媒体参与了此次话动。此次 场，与往年相比今年来自中国的游客上升了
推介会，既是绍兴向马来西亚旅游界推介绍兴， 34.2%。他希望双方政府的意愿努力以吸引更多两
也是与马来西亚旅游业者促进交流与合作的一次 地旅客来往，实际地建立民间密切关系和强化两
盛会。 国合作。

马来西亚旅游促进局国际市场推广处署理处长谢 绍兴市旅游委员会副主任钱进先生在推介会上向
文俊、马中企业家联合会总会长李中 大家发出诚挚的邀请，热诚欢迎马来西亚和东南
平、马来西亚华人旅游业公会荣誉会长包一雄、 亚游客到中国绍兴走走看看，游鲁迅故里，品黄
吉隆坡新华网总经理王大伟、马中企业家杂志总 酒，醉江南，亲身体验江南风情、绍兴味道。推
编辑马岩岩博士等数十余位中马政届和文化旅游 介会现场气氛热烈，数十家旅行社及媒体代表参
届代表应邀出席。 与互动交流。

上图：绍兴市旅委与马中企业家联合会签署推广合作协议 51
MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS

BEAUTIFUL CHINA 马来西亚华人旅游业公会荣誉会长包一雄在致辞 绍兴历来有“山清水秀之乡、历史文物之邦、名
中表示，马来西亚欢迎中国游客的到来，该公会 人荟萃之地”的盛誉，又有水乡、酒乡、桥乡、
2018_VOLUME 03 1000多名会员也愿意多组织马来西亚游客到中国 书法和戏曲之乡的美称。数千年的历史文化积
旅游，为加强马中两国旅游业的双向交流做力所 淀，处处散发着耐人寻味的人文气息。
能及的贡献。他还开玩笑说：“我和浙江绍兴几
乎每天晚上都见面--我指的是每晚都见到绍兴 文化旅游的不二选择
酒”，他一席话引起全场大笑。
绍兴是一座没有围墙的历史博物馆，素称“文物
在会上，绍兴市旅游委员与马中企业家联合会签 之邦、鱼米之乡”。来到绍兴，春季可以来吼山
署合作协议：双方在互惠互利的前提下，就在马 赏桃花、宛委山看樱花，欣赏半亩花田中尽情滋
来西亚和绍兴开展双边旅游、文化推广合作事宜 长的4万朵郁金香，在会稽山间寻访叹为观止的龙
加强合作。 华寺和兜率天宫，游览杭州湾海上花田景区。

古城绍兴之美 夏季来到世界最大的室内海滩风情园东方山水乐
园，这里集休闲旅游、餐饮、购物等于一体，或
绍兴地处长江三角洲南翼，浙江省中北部，西接 者投身自然怀抱，感受诸暨五泄飞瀑的魅力。
杭州，东临宁波，北濒杭州湾,下辖越城区、柯桥
区、上虞区,诸暨市、嵊州市和新昌县,面积8279 秋季在黄酒城品黄酒、在夜沈园里赏越剧，爬爬
平方公里、常住人口501万人。绍兴是首批二十四 古道，玩玩高尔夫；到了冬季，来乔波冰雪世界
个中国历史文化名城之一,近年来相继获得全国文 感受滑雪的乐趣、累了还能去温泉城泡泡温泉，
明城市、联合国人居奖等殊荣。 别有一番享受。

绍兴属于亚热带季风气候，温暖湿润、四季分 绍兴全力推进国有景区免费开放
明，境内河道密布，湖泊众多，是典型的江南水
乡。区域内交通发达，萧甬铁路、宁杭甬高铁等 自2017年12月22日起，全市37处国有景区都面向
4条铁路跨境而过；沪昆高速、绍诸高速等6条高 全球游客免费开放。其中鲁迅故里、大通学堂、
速贯穿全境；距离萧山国际机场40公里。 徐锡麟故居、范文澜故居、绍兴博物馆（周一休
息）实行全年免费开放。

52 上图：绍兴旅委向马来西亚同行及媒体推介绍兴旅游资源
MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS

美丽中国

VINTAGE SHAOXING TOURISM
PROMOTION 2018 HELD IN KUALA LUMPUR

Travelnews--30 Nov 2018, The Shaoxing Tourism experience the feelings of Jiangnan and flavour 2018_VOLUME 03
Promotion event 2018 themed ‘Vintage Shaoxing • of Shaoxing. The event was held in a warm atmosphere
Charming Jiangnan’ was held in Berjaya Times Square where dozens of travel agencies and media
Hotel, Kuala Lumpur. 50 local travel agencies and over representatives actively interacted with each other.
10 mainstream media representatives participated in Honorary President of the Malaysian Chinese Tourism
the event. Association said that Malaysia welcomes Chinese
Mr Cheah Mun Chu from Tourism Malaysia, honorable tourists. The association are willing to organize more
president of MCTA Mr Paul Paw, President of China Malaysian tourists to visit China as well to strengthen
entrepreneurs association in Malaysia Dato Keith Li, bilateral tourism and culture exchanges between
Mr David Wang, GM of Xinhua Net in Malaysia and Malaysia and China. He was also joking that he meets
Chief editor of Malaysia China Entrepreneur Magazine Shaoxing every day, he means Drinking Shaoxing Wine
Dr Ma Yan Yan also jointly graced the event. every dinner. He called upon MCTA members to visit
On behalf of Tourism Malaysia, Mr Cheah welcomed Zhengjiang especially Shaoxing City to experience its
the delegation from Shaoxing. He said that China is a unique culture and dining.
very important market for Malaysia inbound tourism. Shaoxing Tourism Commission had signed contract
Compared to same period of previous years, the with China entrepreneur association in Malaysia on
number of visitors from China has increased by 34.2%. the event to strengthene cooperation on bilateral
He hoped that the two governments would endeavour tourism and cultural promotion cooperation in
to attract more tourists from both countries, establish Malaysia and Shaoxing.
closer bilateral relations and cooperation.
Qian Jin, Deputy Director of Shaoxing Tourism The Beauty of Shaoxing
Committee, extended sincere invitation to everyone
at the promotion seminar to Shaoxing to visit Former Shaoxing is located in the south wing of the Yangtze
Residence of Lu Xun, to taste yellow wine, and to River Delta and north-central area of Zhejiang
Province, bounded on the west by Hangzhou and on

MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS 53

BEAUTIFUL CHINA

2018_VOLUME 03 Upper pic: Shaoxing tourism sign joint promotion MOU with PUCM of fish and rice”. When you arrive in Shaoxing, in the
spring, you can enjoy the peach blossoms in the
the east by Ningbo, with a total area of 8,256 square- Koushan, cherry blossoms in the Wanwei Mountain
kilometers and a population of 4.4 million. The urban and 40,000 tulips that wantonly grow in flower fields;
area covers 2,942 square kilometers and the to visit fascinating Longhua Temple and Dou Lv Tian
permanent resident population totals 2.16 million. Gong in the Kuaiji Mountain or to be lost in the
Shaoxing has a subtropical and monsoon climate. It is Nautical Flower Fields of Hangzhou Bay.
warm and humid with four distinct seasons. It is a In the summer, you can go to the world's largest
typical Jiangnan water town with numerous indoor park with beach style, Oriental Landscape
waterways and lakes. The transportation is developed Water Park, where leisure travel, catering, shopping
in the region where four railways such as Xiaoyong are all available, or experience the natural charm of
Railway and Nanjing-Hangzhou-Ningbo High-speed Zhuji Wuxie Waterfall. In the autumn, you can taste
Railway cross the border; six high-speed routes such yellow wine in Yellow Wine Town and watch Shaoxing
as Shanghai-Kunming Expressway and Shaozhu opera in Shen Garden, climb along the ancient path
Expressway run through the whole area. It is 40 and play golf. In the winter, you can have fun skiing in
kilometers away from Xiaoshan International Airport. Qiaobo Ice and Snow World and have hot spring bath
Shaoxing has always been renowned as “land of in Hot Spring Town to relax.
picturesque scenery, abundant historical relics and Shaoxing’s full endeavors to promote the free
galaxy of celebrities,” and enjoys the laudatory title of admission to state-owned scenery areas
water town, wine town, bridge town, calligraphy and There are 37 state-owned scenic areas that provide
traditional opera town. Steeped in thousand-year free admission to tourists from all over the world from
history and culture, the city exudes an intriguing 22nd Dec. 2017. Among them, Former Residence of
cultural atmosphere everywhere. Lu Xun, Datong school, Former Residence of Xu Xilin,
Former Residence of Fan Wenlan, Shaoxing Museum
The Best Choice for Cultural Tourism (closed on Monday) are open for free all the year.

Shaoxing is an open historical museum, which is
always known as the “nation of cultural relics and land

54 MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS

美丽中国

六朝古都，魅力南京 2018_VOLUME 03

每一座古都有其厚重的沉淀和独特的魅力， 此，城市里的人们更爱去逛各类博物馆，细
南京也同样如此。曾经作为中国六个朝代都 品那些古瓷、青铜、丹青水墨，不自觉中凉
城的南京，与这座城市里的人，经历兴衰更 意自生。
迭、四季交替。温润之春，热烈之夏，金黄
之秋，莹白之冬，时光的无形妙手描绘了四 秋风起，秋意浓，南京的秋天短暂而绚烂。
季轮回，也让人们认识了如此丰富迷人的 贪恋秋色的人们一定会选择在深秋去明孝陵
南京。 的神道走一走。梧桐的棕黄、榉树的红、银
杏的黄，在两侧默而不语的石像的注视下走
春天，乍暖还寒，却已是一派诗情画意。百 完这条不长的神道，赏秋之人已成画中之
花含苞欲放，梅花却早已一枝独秀。梅花是 景。城东的栖霞山一片火红，满山火红的枫
南京的市花，每年前往东郊梅花山赏梅早已 叶，雨后湿滑的石子路，诠释了秋日的唯美
成为一件节日般的盛事。三月末至四月初， 浪漫，满足了人们对秋天的所有想象。
素来幽静的鸡鸣寺从第一朵早樱的绽放开始
热闹起来。四月中旬的牛首山更受青睐，一 冬日的南京，穿透衣衫的寒冷让人叫苦不
年一度的春季马拉松，逾千人用奔跑回馈春 迭，但一场皑皑白雪就可以让人原谅。雪满
日好时光。 紫金山，整个城市陷入寂静，美得让人不敢
叨扰。各种节日排满了整个冬季，人们用热
夏日的热浪让钟山风景区迎来了一年中生机 闹驱散寒冷，在寺庙里撞钟，在教堂里祈
最盎然的时刻，暮色将近来到灵谷寺，热意 福，在秦淮河畔赏花灯，还有老门东的民俗
瞬间化为乌有。躲避暑意的方式绝不止于 风情，催生着人们心头的暖意与期待。

MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS 55

BEAUTIFUL CHINA

2018_VOLUME 03 上图： 牛首山文化旅游区 Niushoushan Cultural Tourism Zone

56 上图：明孝陵景区 Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum

MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS

CHARMING NANJING, 美丽中国
CHINA’S ANCIENT CAPITAL OF SIX DYNASTIES

Nanjing has four distinctive seasons with relatively farms. Thrill-seekers will love the exhilarating rides,
huge temperature differences. Nanjing has plenty of slides and tides in Happy Magic Water Cube, a
rainfall to keep it green and shorter springs and massive water park about an hour's drive east of
autumns whilst the winters and summers are rather downtown.
longer.
Destinations for spring outings are abundant in Nanjing has fabulous fall foliage unrivaled in East 2018_VOLUME 03
Nanjing. The locals have a ritual of observing plum China. Start your autumn adventure with a day trip
blossoms, Nanjing's city flower, during the to Qixia Mountain, where flaming-red maple trees
month-long Nanjing International Plum Blossom and shimmering golden gingko leaves accompany
Festival in early spring. Meihua Mountain, the nothing but wooden planks and a secluded Buddhist
one-square-kilometer plum blossom garden at the monastery. Closer to downtown, the Ming Dynasty
southern foot of Mount Zijin, is covered with the Xiaoling Tomb on Zijin Mountain provides even more
bright blooms on over 15,000 plum trees in purple, maple magnificence. On its 800-meter Sacred Path,
magenta, pink, orange and green. For those who want ancient stone warriors and beasts guard the dead
a proper spring hike, Niushou Mountain in southern Ming emperor in a dramatic natural theater of trees,
Nanjing is a perfect choice. The 242-meter Buddhist birds and non-stop camera clicks. Top off the season's
hill has thick forests, historic monasteries and visual treat with a feast for your taste buds in
pagodas as well as the tomb of the sea-faring Ming Gaochun County. Crabs are the seasonal delicacy and
General Zheng He. Come March and April, graceful the local Gaochun Lake in Gaochun County produces
cherry blossoms unfold in a few places in downtown some of China's most roe-abundant crustaceans.
Nanjing, including the ancient Jiming Monastery,
Nanjing University and the Ying Island of Xuanwu Lake Tangshan, or Soup Mountain, has what most people
Park. The dates for International Plum Blossom would kill for in bitter winter: bubbly mineral hot
Festival change every year depending on the weather. springs. The thermal water is reputedly medicinal and
It usually starts in late February. has healing effects for certain conditions. Nearly a
Around the traditional Duanwu Festival in mid-to-late dozen resorts of different styles and wallet-straining
June, the Mochou Lake Park is a popular place to strengths cluster around the 292-meter hill, offering
watch or join a dragon boat race. Races take place everything from an opulent private hot spring villa to
almost every weekend of the month. Across the a communal outdoor bath. The Chinese New Year is a
Yangtze River, the rural Jiangxin Island hosts the great chance to experience China's folklore (and
annual Grape Festival in August for visitors to buy and population) in full swing. The Confucius Temple area
harvest some 130 different kinds of grapes on local holds a three-week lantern festival every year during
the holiday. Chinese travel here to observe neon-lit
temples, pavilions and festive lanterns.

MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS 57

BEAUTIFUL CHINA

上图：大报恩寺遗址公园 Porcelain Ruins

2018_VOLUME 03

上图：南京梅花山 Meihua Mountain of Nanjing

上图：南京鸡鸣寺 Jiming Temple of Nanjing

58 MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS

钟大荣

中国华侨大学马来西亚研究中心主任、副教授、博士

加强马中新能源产业合作 专栏
推进人与环境和谐发展

马中两国新能源合作蓄势待发 分别可供消费50.6年与52.5年，未来全球能源需 2018_VOLUME 03
求将持续增长，能源供应压力进一步增大。而从
对任何一个国家而言，新能源能替代化石能源以 中国能源情况来看，2016年，中国石油对外进口
摆脱对石油、煤炭等的依赖，逐步停止对环境的 依存度已升至65.4％，远超50％的安全警戒线；
污染，对所剩能源进行保护，能源使用在很大程 2018年后，石油对外依存度可能将突破70％，汽
度上不再受制于人，有着长远的战略意义。新能 车成品油巨额消耗已成为中国石油对外依存度持
源的清洁、高效特性摆脱了传统化石能源的污染 续攀升的主力推手之一，严重影响国家的能源安
和昂贵的隐性成本。另外，新能源的环境效益、 全。再从环境方面来看，汽车尾气排放已成为环
安全保障和其对失业、政治僵局以及气候变化问 境污染的主要元凶之一。联合国环境署《迈向零
题的解决，其意义远远大于带来的经济效益和生 污染地球》的报告曾指出，全球范围内每年约有
活便利化。总之，用新能源替代传统能源的过 650万人因空气污染而死亡。另外，汽车能耗的增
程，其实也是对以经济利益为主还是以环境利益 加使温室气体二氧化碳的排放量逐年增多，全球
即人的生存利益为主，这样深刻而长远的话题的 变暖趋势明，2017年中国平均气温较常年高出
严肃省思。 0.84℃。

以中国汽车工业发展进入新能源汽车研发为例。 由此可预计，在未来技术进步及对能源与环境关
随着经济建设进程的快速推进，中国汽车工业得 注的驱动下，能源需求将不断变化，全球主要能
到了迅猛的发展。据悉，2009年以来，中国持续 源结构将发生重大调整，汽车的生态模式也将发
稳居全球汽车产销第一大国，2017年汽车产、销 生深刻转变，低碳化和可再生化将成为汽车工业
量分别为2901.5万辆和2887.9万辆，预计在2020 发展的必然趋势。发展新能源汽车成为缓解石油
年前产、销规模均将突破3000万辆大关。与此同 资源短缺，解决环境污染问题，实现汽车产业结
时，汽车保有量也呈逐年上升趋势，截至2017年 构调整和转型升级的重要手段。所以，新能源汽
底，中国汽车保有量已达21700万辆，预计在2020 车作为中国战略性新兴产业之一，产业规模和技
年将突破25000万辆大关。但是，由汽车保有量增 术水平发展迅速，从2015年产销量跃居全球首位
长所带来的一系列社会问题也日益凸显，特别是 开始，产销规模连续３年蝉联全球第一。截至
来自能源安全与环境污染的压力，对中国未来汽 2017年底，中国新能源汽车保有量已超160万辆，
车工业的发展提出了新的挑战。从能源安全来 占全球新能源汽车保有总量的50%。
看，截至2016年底，全球已探明的石油和天然气

MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS 59

COLUMN 从马来西亚方面看，为降低对化石燃料的依赖， 科学、技术、环境和气候变化部长杨美盈女士表
稳定和提高棕榈油价格，并通过使用可再生能源 示，潜在节能显示出节能行业的巨大潜力。
改善环境，据悉政府早在2006年就发布了《国家
生物燃料政策》。随着国内棕榈油库存的增加和 据相关信息显示，中国新能源的发展战略要求至
价格的下降，2015年大马推出B7标准。为促进国 2020年，新能源占总能源的18％以上，并且绝大
内生物柴油的消费，政府又制定了“第十一届马 多数新能源技术达到商业化水平，在此基础之
来西亚计划”（2016-2020），该计划旨在到2020 上，中国有可能将全面实现新能源的现代化，以
年马来西亚的公路部门的生物柴油混合标准达到 及将会在2050年达到30％以上。而这也符合中国
B15。但是，由于缺少激励措施，马来西亚政府原 《“十二五”国家战略性新兴产业发展计划》预
计划于2017年推出的B10标准尚未执行。另外，汽 计，即在2020 年包括新能源在内的战略性新兴产
车制造商认为超过B7标准的混合燃料可能会导致 业增长值占国内生产总值的比重力争达到15％左
汽车发动机出现问题。 右的计划。

此外，大马政府经济规划部门和联合国开发计划 综上可见，无论是中国要实现战略性新兴产业发
署的一项联合研究估计，从2016年到2030年，马 展计划，还是马来西亚扩大棕榈油出口、保证棕
来西亚的潜在节能量将达到469.2亿令吉。因为建 榈油价格，以及节能的同时促进相关新能源的发
筑物占据了马来西亚高达50%的电力消耗，如果能 展，中马两国都有较大的合作潜力，形成优势互
够优化能源使用，就可以节省大量成本。在第11 补，特别在马来西亚第14届大选第一次政党轮替
届马来西亚计划中期审查(RMK11)会议上，能源、 后，拓展两国新的交流空间方面，显得尤其重要。

2018_VOLUME 03

60 MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS

简析外资在马来西亚投资可能存在的

法律风险及优惠政策

黄祯辉律师(查理) 任倞 法律专栏

马来西亚律师公会成员 中国执业律师
法学学士学位（马来西亚国民大学） （中国政法大学）法学学士学位
法学硕士学位（中国清华大学) （香港中文大学）法学硕士学位

外资是马来西亚经济不可或缺的一部分。从经济 个州政府都有权对外国投资者在购地上施加不同
角度来看，外资给马来西亚带来了许多好处。它 的条件。
稳定现有就业岗位、创造新的就业机会、鼓励创
新、引进新技术和技能、提供市场准入，并促进相 (二)近年来，马来西亚经济对外持续开放
关行业之间的竞争。但是，在审查外资提案时，马
来西亚政府通常会考虑外资对当地的经济、社会 虽然马来西亚在各个经济领域都要求本地企业在 2018_VOLUME 03
的影响。由此来看，马来西亚的外资政策旨在于 一定程度上地参股，但随着主要经济领域如制造
在引进外资与保护国家经济利益之间取得平衡。 业、金融服务业以及服务业次领域的成熟，马来
以下，作者将通过几个点帮助外国投资者了解在 西亚政府过去几年对要求本地企业参股的做法已
马来西亚投资所将涉及的法律风险，从而有效地 经发生了改变。
管理和减轻这些风险。
制造业
(一)通过注册、资本和股权结构条件对外国
投资进行法律控制 根据《1975年工业协调法》，经国际贸易和工业
部许可的制造公司股权可由外国公司100%持有。
虽然没有法规禁止外国人拥有马来西亚公司的股
本，但相关政府部门或法定机构可能在授予许可 金融服务业
证或其他政府批准时设定特定条件。对外国投资
的法律控制通过颁发许可证、批准和就业准证或 投资银行、伊斯兰银行、保险公司和回教保险公
购买不动产和收购任何不动产权益来实施。下面 司可外资持有占70%。此外，基金管理公司和信用
例举了几个例子： 评级机构允许外资拥有100%股权。

对于经营大型超市公司的批准 服务业次领域

经营大型超市的外国公司必须保留至少百分之三 2009年，开放27个服务业次领域，没有实行股权条
十(30%)的股权让土著参与。 件。受惠的服务业次领域涉及ICT、教育和培训、
医疗保健、福利、物流、旅游和商业服务等领域。
对于外派员工的批准 2012年，18个服务子行业进一步开放，包括私立
医院服务、专卖店、医疗和牙科专家服务、法律
只有在外商独资的马来西亚公司的股本至少为马 服务和电信服务。
币50万令吉的情况下才被授予。
(三)外国投资者可享有的提供的投资优惠
对于马来西亚土地的收购 政策

一般而言，外国投资者可以在马来西亚购买所有 马来西亚政府向外国投资者提供各种投资激励措
类型的房产，除了价值低于每单位马币100万令吉 施，包括免税、补助金、再投资补贴和其他福利。
的房产、低中低成本住宅单位、马来保留土地上 此类激励措施的资格是基于某些标准，其中包括
建造的房产和分配给土著土地的房产。但值得注 增值产品的水平、当地内容、使用的技术和产业
意的是基于土地事项属于州政府的管辖范围，每 联系。下面例举了几个例子：

MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS 61

LEGAL COLUMN

2018_VOLUME 03 新兴工业地位 税年法定收入的70%，其余30%按规定纳税。任何
未使用的再投资减免可以当然顺延。然而，如资
获得新兴工业地位的公司的合法所得可享有为期 产在被并购的5年之内发生变动，则已赋予该资产
五年最高70%的税收减免。此外，部分特殊的新兴 的再投资补贴视为自始无效。
工业公司还可享有为期5至10年所得税100%减免。
同时，如果新兴工业公司在运行初期发生亏损， 结语
其未使用的资本减免可以在新兴地位期间之后
一段不确定的时间内使用，以充抵该公司未来的 马来西亚欢迎并鼓励外国直接投资，积极为投资
所得。 者提供一系列激励措施，对资本和利润的汇回没
有任何限制。但是，必须指出的是，与任何其他
投资税赋减免 国家一样，马来西亚希望所有投资者（包括外国
和国内投资者）遵守马来西亚的法律，并始终保
投资税赋减免是新兴工业地位的替代税收鼓励措 持高商业行为标准。因此，熟悉马来西亚的外资
施，两者不能同时并存，一家公司只能享有其中 政策对开展对外投资合作项目愈来愈显重要，可
一项鼓励措施。获得投资税务补贴的企业，可享 根据项目特点，充分研究驻在国的投资环境和税收
受为期5年合格资本支出60%的投资税务补贴。该 政策，合理加以运用，提高企业对外投资效益。
补贴可用于冲抵其纳税年度法定收入的70%，其余
30%按规定纳税，未用完的补贴可转至下一年使
用，直至用完为止。

再投资补贴

再投资补贴主要适用于运营12个月以上的制造业
或农业企业因扩充产能需要，进行生产设备现代
化或产品多样化升级改造的开销，可申请再投资
补贴。合格资本支出额60%的补贴可用千冲抵其纳

62 本文内容代表作者本人观点，仅供参考，并不构成对任何具体问题的法律或其他意见。
MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS

Charlie Ng Zheng Hui Leon Ren 法律专栏

A member of the Malaysian Bar Registered PRC lawyer
LL.B (UKM) LL.B (CUPL)
LL.M (Tsinghua University)
LL.M (CUHK)

LEGAL RISKS AND PREFERENTIAL POLICIES ALONG FOREIGN
INVESTMENT IN MALAYSIA: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Foreign investment is integral to Malaysia’s economy. Approval for operating a hypermarket company 2018_VOLUME 03
From economical point of view, foreign investment Foreign companies operating hypermarkets are
brings many benefits to Malaysia. It supports existing required to have at least thirty percent (30%) equity
jobs and creates new jobs, encourages innovation and participation by Bumiputeras.
the induction of new technologies and skills, provides
access to markets and promotes competition Approval for expatriate post
amongst the industries involved. However, when Granted only where the share capital of wholly-
examining foreign investment proposals, the Malaysian foreign owned Malaysian companies is at least
government will typically consider the impact of RM500,000.
foreign investment on its local economy and
community. Malaysia’s foreign investment policy has Acquisition of Malaysian land
therefore been designed to balance the need to Generally, a foreign investor is allowed to purchase all
welcome foreign investment against the need to types of properties in Malaysia except for properties
reassure the community that the national economy valued less than RM1 million per unit, residential units
interest is being protected. In the following, the under the category of low and low-medium cost,
authors will through a few points of discussion assist properties built on Malay reserved land and properties
the foreign investors to appreciate the legal risks allocated to Bumiputera interest in any property
involved in their investment in Malaysia so to development project. Please take note that as
effectively manage and mitigate such risks. land matter falls under the jurisdiction of the state
1. Legal control over foreign investment government, each state authority has the discretion
through incorporation, capital and equity to impose different conditions on acquisition of land
structure conditions by a foreign investor.
Although there is no legislation prohibiting foreign
ownership of the share capital of Malaysian companies, 2. Liberalization of Malaysia’s economy in
the relevant government department or statutory recent years
bodies may require certain conditions in granting
licences or other governmental approvals. Legal Although Malaysia applies local equity participation
control over the foreign investment is enforced requirements in various economic sectors, the
through the issuance of licences, approvals and approach taken by the Malaysian government
employment passes or in the purchase of real property towards the local equity participation requirements
and acquisitions of any interest in real property. A few for the past few years has been a positive one, with
examples are listed below: liberalization of major sectors of the economy such as
manufacturing sector, financial services sector as well
as services sub-sectors. 63

MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS

LEGAL COLUMN Manufacturing sector allowance of 60% in respect of qualifying capital 新
Equity holdings in manufacturing companies licensed expenditure incurred within 5 years from the date on
2018_VOLUME 03 by MITI under the Industrial Coordination Act 1975 which the first qualifying expenditure is incurred. The
are allowed 100% foreign participation. allowance can be used to offset against 70% of the
Financial services sector statutory income in the year of assessment. Any
The limit on foreign equity ownership of investment unutilised allowance can be carried forward to
banks, Islamic banks, insurance companies and subsequent years until the whole amount has been
takaful operators is up to 70%. Additionally, 100% used up.
foreign ownership is allowed for fund management Reinvestment allowance
companies and credit rating agencies. The RA is mainly granted to manufacturing or
Services sub-sectors agriculture companies which have been in operation
27 services sub-sectors were liberalized in 2009 with for at least 12 months and incur qualifying capital
no equity conditions imposed. These sub-sectors are expenditure for the expansion of production capacity,
in the areas of ICT, education and training, healthcare, modernisation and upgrading of production facilities,
welfare, logistics, tourism and business services. diversification into related products and automation
There was further liberalization in 2012 of 18 of production facilities. The RA is in the form of an
services sub-sectors including private hospital allowance of 60% of capital expenditure incurred by
services, departmental and specialty stores, medical the companies, and will be given for a period of five
and dental specialist services, legal services and years from the year the first reinvestment is made.
telecommunication services. The allowance can be used to offset against 70% of
3. Investment Incentives that are made available the statutory income in the year of assessment. Any
to foreign investors unabsorbed allowance can be carried forward to the
The Malaysian government offers foreign investors a following years until it is fully utilised. However, assets
wide range of investment incentives in the form of tax acquired from the reinvestment cannot be disposed
exemptions, grants, reinvestment allowances and within 5 years of reinvestment.
other benefits. The eligibility of such incentives is
based on certain criteria, including the levels of value CONCLUSION
added products, local content, technology used and
industrial linkages. A few examples are listed below: Malaysia welcomes and encourages foreign direct
Pioneer status investment, offering a number of incentives for
A company that has been granted Pioneer Status will investors, without any restrictions on the repatriation
enjoy a five to 10 years tax exemption on 70% to 100% of capital and profits. However, it must be noted that
of its statutory business income depending on the like any other country, Malaysia expects all investors
promoted activities or products. Unabsorbed capital (both foreign and domestically-owned) to comply
allowances as well as accumulated losses incurred with Malaysia’s laws and maintain high commercial
during the pioneer period can be carried forward standards of conduct at all times. Thus, the foreign
and deducted from the post pioneer income of the investors should familiarise themselves with Malaysia’s
company. foreign investment framework and ensure they
Investment tax allowance comply with the law. Failure to do so may result in the
As an alternative to Pioneer Status, manufacturing imposition of penalties.
companies may apply for ITA. Both the ITA and
Pioneer Status are mutually exclusive i.e. a company
can only enjoy either one of the incentive at the same
time. A company granted ITA will be given an

The content of this articles represents only the authors’ own point of view.
It is for reference only and does not constitute legal advice on any specific issues.

64 MALAYSIA CHINA ENTREPRENEURS

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