WFS 2018 2019 Yearbook

of the mouse, windows, and applications. Even in the early days of Apple, they made computer
history and stayed at the top of their game throughout time.

Many famous companies have roots in garage beginnings, but this was not the case with
Apple. It actually started in a living room and then moved into the garage when they ran out of
room. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozinaz, co-founders, started making little things in high school like
the “blue box,” an early type of hacking tool for payphones to make free long-distance phone
calls. Later, they started making computers out of old parts that companies threw away
because of cosmetic reasons. Using the resources available to them and in their price range,
they developed the computer that would change their lives and the world. Through the
perseverance and hard work of the two minds behind the work, they were able to produce the
Apple I, which revolutionized the computer industry. The “Cream Soda Computer,” as they
called it, was only the first in a long line of ground-breaking products.

The Apple Computer Company became official on January 3, 1977, and immediately
became a huge success. Apple Inc. came into existence soon after and started producing the
Apple II. After selling millions of units, they made an even bigger step forward with the Apple
IIe. When the stock opened the morning of December 12, 1980, at $21 per share, business
boomed, and it closed at $29 per share. This was a shock, and it made the company employees
instant millionaires. Apple IIe was proclaimed one of the leading personal computers of its time.
This was just the start of the company’s conflicts and victories, ups and downs, it’s journey
through history.

In the time period where the home computer was just starting to become popular, lots
of new changes were surfacing. The Lisa, the iMac, and the Macintosh were emerging. The Lisa
was a revolutionary software change in the computers of its time, incorporating the mouse,
windows, and applications, while most computers of the time still had the text/command
format software. The iMac, which millions of units were sold, came with all features in one,
incorporating more RAM and FireWire support, and the Macintosh started a whole new era of
supercomputing. The computer for the multitude was becoming more and more popular, and
the idea of possessing a piece of equipment that would make life easier became widespread.

Owning devices that enabled you to communicate with people instantly around the world also
benefited commercial operations as well, so business was booming at Apple. The developments
that were extremely useful and easy to use became their most popular products.

It might be hard to believe that Apple, a company that is worth billions if not trillions of
dollars, has its roots in a garage in southern California. That just goes to show how two creative
minds with limited recourses turned out a company known today as Apple Inc. From school
hacks, to early microcomputer experiments, to personal computers, the Apple Computer
company, as it was then called, progressed to what it is today. If Steve Jobs was alive today, he
would probably look back over the years and say that he never would have believed that the
company could become so huge. Jobs and Wozinaz learned the importance of friendship, hard
work, perseverance, and a business. Apple revolutionized the world, and more and more
people caught on to how practical a computer in their home would be. Personal experience
with Apple’s products resulted in long-lasting loyalty to the company’s products.

As consumers started purchasing computers more frequently, Apple was at the top of
the game. Buyers were switching to apple more and more because of its shift towards simple
design and easiness to use. The company was starting to focus more on consumer-centered
computers bringing capabilities up and production and sales costs down. The Lisa, Macintosh,
and iMac were progress in that direction.

In the midst of the popularity of the Apple II, the company announced a brand-new,
groundbreaking product. The Lisa, a new compact desktop computer, utilized the things that
are now common today in any computer but were brand new in the time. It deployed the use
of the mouse, multiple window capability, multi-tasking, and even copy and paste. It met with
small sales because of the soaring price, $9,999, which made it unavailable to the everyday
consumer. It was the first computer in history to ever incorporate the use of a mouse, GUI
graphics and interface, and a state-of-the-art file system. It was a breakthrough in time
compared to other big competitors. Regardless of it’s sales and profits, the Lisa became a
legend as the first logical device simular to ours today.

After the failure of the Lisa, Apple started a new line of more affordable computers,
which is well known today as the Macintosh. The Mac made a name for itself, as the name was
and is used today in the names of the majority of their products. It included most of the same
specs and components that the Lisa had, but it had a bigger nine-inch monochrome screen. It
also had more RAM which could be easily upgraded by the consumer if they desired, an easier-
to-use software, and a more convenient mouse input. It was the first consumer computer that
incorporated the mouse, desktop, and graphics that we know commonly today. It was also one
of the first easily modified computers that the user could tweak to their liking. It was a great,
affordable improvement on the Lisa, and it became part of a long line of computers still popular
today.

New developments on portable devices were coming over the horizon for Apple. As the
Macintosh was becoming well established, the company changed courses and started planning
mobile devices. The iBook was the first consumer notebook computer, which was better than
its predecessor, the PowerBook. This was a big leap into the unknown for Apple, but it grew in
popularity, and they developed some of the most famous of the company's devices today, the
iPod, iPhone, and iPad, which have sold millions of devices per year to date. Apple has become
known more for their mobile devices than their computers now, although they still are popular.
Apple decided to be different, unique, and start designing different things besides computers
and met with huge success. Portable devices had become more and more useful. Apple brought
it to the next level with wild success.

Apple made history with their computers and mobile devices. They made and centered
their products around consumers, incorporating powerful technology but easy-to-use software.
They ventured into the unknown world of mobile devices and won. Their computers were a
success, and the iPod and iPhone sales were booming. What about new developments that
were coming into play, like new software and a fast-pacing trend to keep up with? They not
only managed that, but came out far higher that other companies of the time.

Today, Apple keeps up with new technologies and brings it to our attention by
packaging it into the best products they can offer. People are already contemplating what the

future of the company might look like with all new software and features for existing products.
Updates are on the rise that will change our view of technology. Three-dimensional cameras,
enhanced AI systems, OLED screens, and more will shatter the previous experience and replace
it with a whole new one. The future looks bright for Apple as their product ideas are
breathtaking and software innovative.

Although most people think of the external part of a computer that they can see, they
seldom think about the software that makes it run. One of the most important things in a
computer is its operating software. It incorporates the system’s memory, storage, graphics
card, and CPU. Each of these vital components plays a key part in making the computer run,
and some of them can be interchanged with faster, bigger ones to make the computer operate
to its full extent. Apple has included the most relevant, easy to use features available, yet
power-packed it with ‘top of the line’ components to stay at the top of the game. Mac OS X is
different and more unique than other operating systems so as to be distinguished and top of
the line. Their software still revolutionizes the newest technology available today and brings it
to a higher standard.

Apple is developing and releasing new products more amazing and stunning than
before. They are debating manufacturing new accessories, like redesigning the iPhone, vamping
up Mac OS X software, and more. Some of the possibilities are a new low-end Apple TV, a stick
version like Roku and Amazon Fire, and a titanium Apple credit card that is compatible with the
Wallet app on the iPhone. A brand-new Mac OS X software update was recently released
featuring iOS app integration, so you can use your iOS apps on your computer and also a switch
from LCD to OLED screens on Apple products. With lower-end, lower-priced products being
introduced, more sales are a possible result for a lot of products. Expanding their line of
products, not only electronics but essentially as a credit union, is a great opportunity for
universal use, even outside of Apple’s electronic products. The recent years have been
successful ones, and the future looks bright for the trillion-dollar company.

The future of Apple looks bright, but different from its trend in the past. There is a
possibility of big changes to the iPhone in store. The tech companies are starting to look into

ideas like a foldable smartphone and advanced augmented reality in smartphones. The foldable
smartphone idea seems immensely unrealistic for today, but they are looking at incorporating
advanced AR technologies for gaming and computing into newer smartphones, trying to keep
up with the ever-changing tech world. If the company were to settle back and not stay on their
toes, they could lose large amounts of business because of the constant competition with their
biggest competitors like Samsung, Google, and Microsoft. There are also possibilities of Apple
clones growing in China and presenting a new problem to deal with. In spite of this, Apple Inc.
has a great future ahead of them as long as they continue to produce great top-end technology
and keep their head in the midst of growing intensity.

Apple’s future looks vibrant, and for them, success is on their side. In the constant fight
for dominance and popularity, the company keeps pushing forward to stay at the top. Their
products are top-of-the-line and extremely useful and popular, keeping people in suspense of
what is coming next. Apple’s line of products keeps growing while their reach is expanding
farther. By past experience, a person could say that Apple has a good chance of staying at the
top and succeeding beyond their wildest dreams.

This is not the end, though. Apple still has a future ahead of them. They learn from their
mistakes and move on, just as they have had to do unnumberable times in the past. As co-
founder Steve Jobs said, “Sometimes life is going to hit you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose
faith.” A lot of times that is what happened, but they didn’t lose faith. They kept at it, putting
the public’s best interest in front, and then the techical material next. Their success has cost
them years of hard work, but it was worth it.

Bibliography

Clover, Juli. “Upcoming Apple Products Guide: Everything We Expect to See in 2019 and
Beyond.” Mac Rumors, Mac Rumors, 26 March 2019. macrumors.com/

guide/upcoming-apple-products/.

Dilger, Daniel. “Apple in 2019 and the future of the iPhone.” Apple Insider, Apple Insider, 25
February 2019. appleinsider.com/articles/19/02/25/apple-in-2019-and-the-future-of-
iphone.

Fiorillo, Steve. “History of Apple: Facts and what’s happening in 2018.” The Street, The Street,
22 October 2018. thestreet.com/technology/history-of-apple-14752747.

Levy, Stephen. “Apple Inc.” Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 August 2014.
britannica.com/topic/Apple-Inc.

Mesa, Andy F. “Apple History Timeline.” Irish Examiner, Irish Examiner, 31 March 2016.
amp.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/business/technology/apple-timeline-the-key-
milestones-in-the-companys-40-year-history-727552.html.

O'Grady, Jason. “Apple Inc.” London: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009, Print, eBook.

Rawlison, Nik. “History of Apple: The story of Steve Jobs and the company he founded.”
MacWorld, MacWorld, 25 April 2017. macworld.co.uk/feature/apple/

history-of-apple-steve-jobs-mac-3606104/.

Amber S.

My name is Amber. I am 16 years old and live in Pennsylvania. I will be going into 11th
grade and am a complete Pygmy goat nerd! For siblings, I have two older brothers. For pets, I
have four Pygmy goats, Black Warrior who is 6, Bandit who will be turning 4 in July, Fireball who
is 1, and Pixy who is 1. Some of my hobbies include writing, art, photography, riding four-
wheelers, shooting guns, 4-H, and goats obviously. I am currently trying to write a book about
how a Pygmy goat helps solve a murder. My favorite thing to draw is goats/animals, and my
favorite thing to take pictures of is my Pygmy goats. I am extremely active in my 4-H club, The
Silver Pails Goat Club. Currently, I am the President of the club. Since I am the President, my
duties include running the meetings, jotting down ideas for educational talks, projects, fair
ideas, and so much more. Mentoring to other members, I teach them all that I know so that
their knowledge can grow. I am also a member of the Keystone Pygmy Goat Club (KPGC) and
the National Pygmy Goat Association (NPGA). During the summer, I will be starting my 11th
grade school and volunteering to help out the 4-H Animal Science Camp and the Clover Buds
Day Camp where I will be a volunteer camp counselor as well as teaching the kids about goats.
Participating in many goat related activities, I will be traveling to goat shows and goat races
throughout the summer and fall, including my annual 4-H fair which occurs in August. In the
summer, I will also be picking up some more hours at my job. I work at a poultry farm, and I
have two very special friends who work there. Every day is an adventure there, especially when
I am with my friends. When I am older, I hope to be able to pursue my passion of having a farm
where I can breed Pygmy goats and have some other animals. I also hope to pursue writing, art,
and photography. In writing class, I enjoyed writing a few things, but I especially enjoyed
writing my eighteen-paragraph essay, “Remarkably Fascinating” because number one, it is
about goats, and number two, I really enjoyed putting it all together and making it come to life.
It was goat-tabulous! Pygmy goats’ rock!!

Remarkably Fascinating

“Wonder goats, attack!” the tiny girl ordered as she bolted towards the goat barn. The
goats raced after her, their capes flowing in the wind. As she ran, the grass blurred below her
feet as she felt a surge of adrenaline. The steady thump of the goat hooves echoed in her ears
as they all raced towards the barn. They needed to defeat the evil bacteria and parasites that
would damage the goats’ digestive systems, their home, and their health. As the girl became
inches away from the barn, she drew her weapons and signaled to the wonder goats that it was
time to defeat and destroy the invaders. There was a lot of bloodshed, but the wonder goats
defeated the bacteria and parasites and could take back their homeland. They slaughtered the
diseases and made their barn a haven once again.

The unending fields of goats stretched off into the horizon. Thousands of years ago,
some goats roamed wherever they pleased. Some goats would sunbathe in the luscious green
grass while proceeding to do the proper digestive system process. Others enjoyed the coziness
of their luxurious barn where they had plenty of food and water and received pedicures on
their hooves. Unfortunately, some cannot enjoy the bright, beautiful, blue days because of
illnesses that prohibit them. Despite the misconception that goats are complicated animals,
people can enjoy caring for these interesting and fun creatures through sickness and health.

As robins flew overhead in the clear, blue, sunny sky, a shepherd stood on the top of a
high rock. He watched his flock of goats as they browsed the never-ending fields and brush. As
the shepherd held on to his great staff, he kept his eyes sharply darting back and forth to make
sure no predators were lurking around the goats. The shepherd probably knew nothing about

the goat’s digestive system. They only used the goats for milk, meat, or for their wool, so they
certainly did not need to know anything about it. Little did these shepherds know just how
interesting the goat’s digestive system is or how it works to keep the goats healthy. The goat’s
digestive system includes their four chambers, chewing cud, and eructating.

Goats belong to the group of mammals known as ruminants, which means they have
four chambers. They have one stomach with four compartments (Feldman 240). These four
compartments are the rumen (roo’-men), reticulum (reh-tik-yoo-lum), omasum (oh-may’ sum),
and abomasum (ah-boh-may’ sum). The rumen and reticulum compromise 84 percent of the
volume of the total stomach while the omasum compromises 12 percent and the abomasum
compromises 4 percent (“Understanding the Ruminant”). In fact, the rumen, which is the
largest stomach, acts as a fermentation vat for microorganisms. Interestingly, it changes non-
digestible cellulose into proteins (Feldman 240). In front of and below the rumen near the liver
is where the reticulum lies. The lining of this stomach is honeycombed, and it functions as a
catch chamber for heavy particles in the goat’s feed. Next is the omasum, and it is called the
“many piles” or the “butcher’s bible” because of the many folds or leaves that resemble pages
of a book. Basically, this stomach absorbs nutrients from the feed and water that the goats
digest. Last, the abomasum, which is the true stomach and is the area of primary digestion,
produces digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid (“Understanding the Ruminant”). Without
four stomachs, goats could not break down and digest the food they inhale properly. Also, it is a
crucial part of a goat’s digestive system. The four chambers of a goat’s stomach are amazing.

Chewing cud is another process of the goat’s digestive system. Cud is a softened or
partly digested food which is returned to the goat’s mouth from their stomach for further
chewing. They chew cud to ensure that the food they devoured earlier is properly digested.
Basically, they do this by regurgitating, which is throwing up in their mouth. As they chew, they
mix the partly digested food with saliva. Even though some people think it is distasteful, cud is
filled with beneficial vitamins and minerals, which the goats use. It is nasty to humans but
luscious to goats. Normally, goats chew their cud when they are resting after the long, tough
business of devouring their exquisite food. All goats need to chew their cud. If a goat does not
perform this action, that is an indicator that the goat is sick (Evans). In fact, chewing cud is like

reading your Bible: Just like goats regurgitate their food for further digestion, we are to
regurgitate God’s Word back into our minds for further digestion so we can use it for
application. In a sense, we need to “chew” on God’s Word, just like goats needs to chew their
cud to be healthy. Contributing to the goat’s overall digestive system, chewing cud ensures that
the goat has fully chewed and digested its food properly. Chewing cud is necessary for a goat’s
digestive system, even though some people think it is gross.

Eructation, which is another word for burping, is also an important part in a goat’s
digestive system. In fact, goats burp to eliminate gas that is produced by the fermentation that
occurs in the goat’s rumen. Goat burps can be extremely smelly. This powerful smell can be
extremely acrid and malodorous, especially when your goat belches in your face. Amazingly,
these vapors can smell up a whole barn. When a goat burps, it will move its head imperceptibly
forward and up. Interestingly, it is amazing to stand back and watch as the belch rises through
the front of the neck and throat of the goat. If a goat cannot expel their vapors, the pressure
will build up and cause the goat to bloat, which is a condition that can be deadly. If you do not
notice your goat burping, place the palm of your hand in front of their neck gently on their
esophagus to detect if you feel belches rise (Kinne 33). Belches are important in a goat’s daily
lifestyle because it expels the gas which builds up and it also helps keep the goat healthy. A
goat that burps is a healthy goat.

People have come a long way from the early days of shepherding when nothing was
known about the function of the goat’s digestive system. Basically, people now know
everything there is to know about it. It is fascinating to learn how it all works together. One of
the most important factors in a goat’s digestive system is its ability to keep the goat healthy.

As time passed, caring for goats grew from simple shepherds in fields to goat farms
where the sun shone brightly in the sky and birds flew from tree to tree. Below, they watch as
goats, old and young, frolic and play in the green fields. As the birds tried to sing their glorious
song, the sound is drowned out by the banging of hammers, the swoosh of hay bales being
stacked, and the snipping of hoof trimmers. The goat farm was extremely busy doing the daily

work of taking care of the goats. Basic care for goats includes their shelter, their diet, and the
trimming of their hooves.

When a person thinks about the basic needs of a goat, they might mistakenly believe
that these hardy animals do not need shelter. However, that is not the case. Goats do require
shelter. In fact, the size of the goats’ shelter will vary depending on the size of the goats. As a
matter of fact, it does not have to be fancy. However, it needs to provide shelter from the sun,
wind, rain, and snow. During the winter months, it needs to be draft free. In the shelter, make a
board that the goats can easily jump up on as goats sometimes prefer to sleep off of the
ground. Carol Amundson said, “When protected from wind and wet, goats can withstand
extreme temperatures.” As well as a shelter, goats need to have an attached outside enclosure
where they can get fresh air and some exercise. The fencing needs to be high enough to keep
out predators and keep your goats in because goats can jump super high (Amundson 55). One
day, Lynda Gredin was filling up her goat water buckets with water from the hose. She
accidentally hit one of her female pygmy goats with it. The goat got so spooked that it sailed
right over a six-foot fence from a standstill position. Lynda was completely stunned.
Interestingly, goats are known to be escape artists. Amazingly, they can learn how to open
gates, so make sure all of your gates have excellent fasteners. Another thing goats absolutely
love to do is play. Give your goats a “goat playground” that they can climb and jump on. It can
be as simple or extravagant as you want. Just make sure that their “playground” is far enough
away from the fence so they cannot jump over it and escape (Amundson 55). Everyone needs
to supply their goats with a shelter so that they can be protected from the weather, and so they
can be comfortable and safe. Goat’s need shelters to be cozy in.

Familiarity with a goat’s diet, which includes hay, minerals, grain (if using), and water, is
another important part of caring for goats. People think goats can eat anything, but that is
definitely not true. Hay, which is the most important food for a goat’s nutrition, gives the goat’s
proteins, vitamins, and fibers they need to keep their rumen working properly. In fact, this
makes up 90-100% of their diet. If you feed grain, this will make up 0-10% of their diet. Another
essential thing for your goats is loose minerals. Sweetlix Meat Maker is a great choice.
Accessing the mineral feeder is important for goats, so make sure they can access them when

they need to. This makes up 1-2% of their diet but will vary depending on how much they
devour. Goats will only lick the minerals when they feel they need them. Water is also
extremely important for goats. During the winter months, goats love warm water, and during
the summer months, they love cold water. They need to have clean, fresh water at all times. As
noted by Carol Amundson:

Myths aside, goats are picky eaters. They may taste many things but frequently
do not eat what they examine. Water and hay contaminated by feces remain
untouched unless the goat is driven by desperation. Some goats are suspicious of
new foods and must be almost starving before they will try unfamiliar products.
Other goats will reject the offering after tasting or feeling the texture. Proper
feeding ensures that goats live longer, are more productive, and have fewer
health issues overall. (Amundson 56)

Goats also enjoy and appreciate treats. Some of their favorite treats include goat licorice treats
specifically made for goats which you can pick up from Tractor Supply, animal cookies, and hard
macaroni. Make sure you do not give your goats too many treats because it is not healthy for
them. A goat needs to nibble on the right foods to be healthy. People can properly care for
their goats by learning about a goat’s dietary needs.

Another crucial part of goat care is hoof trimming. Indeed, the goat’s hooves are often
ignored and forgotten about. This can lead to lameness and sometimes permanent crippling.
Goat’s hooves should be trimmed at least once a month if not more depending on how fast the
hooves expand. Hoof trimmers and a hoof rasp are the tools that should be used (“Hoof
Trimming”). Blackburn and Hale explains that:

A goat’s foot should be rhomboid in shape when viewed from the side. The
coronary band, where the skin joins that top of the hoof, should be parallel to
the ground. The bottom of the foot should be flat with the wall, sole, and heel all
touching the ground and bearing weight. (Blackburn and Hale 55)

Before you cut your goat’s feet, you will need to secure your animal. Once the goat is
restrained, pick up one of its hooves and hold it in a comfortable position. If there are mud and

feces all over the hoof, clean it all out. Next, trim the wall of the hoof, but just until it is level
with the sole. If the heel is overgrown, you will also want to trim that. Cut thin layers at a time.
Quit if you notice a pink color below the surface because this means you are close to cutting
too deep (Blackburn and Hale 56-57). Trimming your goat’s hooves is like trimming your
fingernails. If you cut too far, your finger will probably be sore or maybe even bleed. It’s the
same with trimming goat hooves. If you accidentally cut too deep, it may cause your goat’s foot
to bleed and be sore. Wonder Dust or flour can stop the bleeding of your goat’s hoof. If the
bleeding is severe, then consider bandaging the wound. If your goat’s feet are trimmed often, it
will make the job go much faster and easier. If the hooves are super overgrown, your job will
become much harder. Including foot care as a regular part of your goat’s management program
will help keep your goat’s feet healthy. It will also make your job much easier. Don’t forget
about trimming your goat’s hooves because this is also a part of basic goat care.

The care of the goat is surprisingly simple because the basic things include shelter, diet,
and the trimming of their hooves. As the people at work on the goat farm know, as long as
someone provides goats with these things, they will grow to be happy and healthy goats.
People think goats are too hard to take care of, but they are relatively simple. They need a few
things like love, food, shelter, and hoof trimming. They are amazing creatures to take care of.

On the goat farm, a young girl nestled herself comfortably in the shavings in her little
goat barn, three out of her four Pygmy goats raced over to her. They completely knocked the
girl on her back because of their excitement to be with her. Once she finally regained her sitting
position, she looked around the barn searching for her fourth goat. Finally, she spotted it lying
under the sleeping board. She slowly crept over to her goat and stroked its back. The goat
stirred but not much. The girl panicked. Something was wrong with her baby, but she didn’t
know what. There weren’t many veterinarians around in this age of time. The only one she
could go to was her mother. Picking up the bottom of her dress, she bolted out of the barn,
screaming for her mother to come quickly. It is never fun when your goat is feeling under the
weather, especially when you can’t figure out what is wrong. Sadly, by the time the girl came
running back to the barn, dragging her mom behind her, her goat had passed on to goat
heaven. The girl sobbed her entire heart out for her baby. What could have been wrong with

this girl’s goat? There are many diseases that goats can contract; three of them include John’s
disease, urinary calculi, and pneumonia.

John’s disease, pronounced “YO-knees”, is a terrible disease in goats. In other words,
this disease is also known as a chronic wasting disease. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the
bacteria that causes this. Unfortunately, these bacteria completely damage the goat’s intestinal
lining. It also causes malabsorption. This infection will localize itself in the minuscule intestine
of the goat. It causes thickening of the intestinal wall, which then prevents the goat from
obtaining the normal absorption of nutrients they need. The goat will also have problems with
clinical weight loss where no matter how much the goat is devouring, it will just keep losing
weight. Obvious signs of infection usually appear only after many years of shedding the
bacteria, particularly if the animals are managed well, with proper nutrition, clean conditions,
no overcrowding, and minimal stress in their lives. Being clear that the infection is present, the
Johnes-infected goats will unfortunately only live less than one year. Ultimately, the goats will
die from their inability to absorb nutrients from their intestinal tracts. This disease is terrible.
Unfortunately, treatment is not effective, and the disease is contagious. Prevention of this
disease is best achieved by isolating suspected carriers, especially from young goat kids
(Blackburn and Hale 142-143). You want to keep the disease from spreading to other goats;
however, this may not work all the time. John’s disease is truly a ghastly thing for the goat to go
through and for the owner as they watch this disease take over their poor animal’s life.

Another dangerous condition known as urinary calculi can occur in male goats,
especially wethers (fixed males). They are at risk of urethral obstruction from diminutive
bladder stones trying to pass through the urethra. The urethra is where the urine passes. This is
petite in males and even smaller in wethers. The stones form in the goat’s bladder. When goats
urinate, it expels some stones from the bladder along with the urine. Passing unimpeded, tiny
stones may cause some irritation to the lining of the urethra. The irritated urethra will then
swell. Unfortunately, the stones will then become trapped. They will especially become trapped
in the sharp turns of the sigmoid flexure or in the urethral process. When a goat has an
obstruction, it will strain to urinate, and will exhibit discomfort when lying down, occasionally
crying out in pain. As this disease progresses, the tissue of the urethra will swell around the

stones. This means that no urine will be able to pass, which then makes the bladder fill to over
normal capacity. Sadly, if the obstruction is not relieved, the bladder or the urethra will rupture
to relieve the pressure. This is extremely painful and might even be fatal (Blackburn and Hale
181-183). People make the mistake of diagnosing a straining goat as being constipated, and
unfortunately, too many blocked goats are improperly treated. Removal of the obstruction is
required for treatment. An excellent thing to do is pay attention to your goats, observing if they
are urinating. If they are not urinating, urinary calculi should be the first thing you suspect. If
urinary calculi is not caught soon enough, your goat may die. Urinary calculi occur in fixed and
non-fixed male goats.

Goat can also come down with pneumonia. Pneumonia can occur as a chronic or acute
disease. This disease is caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, viral infections, allergies, or
neoplasia. Normally, a goat that has pneumonia will have a cough. The goat may even run a
fever and be anorexic and depressed. Depending, some goats will have trouble breathing. If this
starts to happen, exercise will worsen the case. If the disease is a chronic case, the goat will
exhibit signs of wasting, which is where they will keep losing weight. Upper respiratory signs
such as discharge from the nasal are not often detected when a goat has pneumonia. This
disease should be treated as soon as possible (Blackburn and Hale 193-194). This is important
because, if not caught soon enough, your goat could die. Pneumonia in goats is not a fun thing
to go through.

John’s disease, urinary calculi, and pneumonia are just a few of the many diseases that
goats can contract. Some sicknesses can be an easy fix; other times it can be complicated and
expensive, or can’t be fixed at all. Unfortunately, the little girl received news that her precious
goat had urinary calculi. If this would have been caught soon enough, there might have been
time to save this goat. Sadly, some people just do not notice sicknesses in goats until it is too
late. Treatment for diseases in goats has come a long way as the years go by. Some diseases,
however, can’t be treated, but thanks to medicine, it can cure other diseases, and your goats
can keep living a happy, healthy life.

Goats are such sweet, loving animals, and are honestly easy to take care of. As the years
go on, goats are becoming more and more popular. Back in the good ole days, people mainly
used goats for a source of food or a source of profit. They were even used as sacrifices back in
Biblical times. Now, goats are bought just for pets or even 4-H project animals. They are,
however, still used as a source of meat, milk, and wool, but they are not used as sacrifices
anymore. Goats have had an immense impact on the agricultural world because of their variety
of uses. Although there are some complications like illnesses, they truly are wonderful animals
whether they are pets or a source of food or wool for your ranch. With the goat’s digestive
system, basic care, and diseases, they are truly an amazing learning experience for people of all
ages. God sure knew what He was doing when he crafted goats with his bare hands. Through
sickness and health, goats are absolutely a joy to be able to love and take care of. They are also
remarkably fascinating to learn about. Next time you spot goats, just think of how simple but
complicated these creatures are.

Works Cited

Amundson, Carol. “Feeding Your Goats.” How to Raise Goats Everything You Need to Know, edited
by Jordan Wiklund, Voyageur Press an imprint of Quarto Publishing Group USA Inc., 2009, pp.
56-57.

--- “Housing Your Goats.” How to Raise Goats Everything You Need to Know, edited by Jordan
Wiklund, Voyageur Press an imprint of Quarto Publishing Group USA Inc., 2009, pp. 49-55.

Boldrick, Lorrie and Hale, Lydia. “Hoof Trimming.” Pygmy Goats Management and Veterinary Care,
All Publishing Company, March 2009, pp. 55-58.

--- “Johnes Disease.” Pygmy Goats Management and Veterinary Care, All Publishing Company,
March 2009, pp. 142-153

--- “Pneumonia.” Pygmy Goats Management and Veterinary Care, All Publishing Company, March
2009, pp. 193-194

--- “Urinary Problems.” Pygmy Goats Management and Veterinary Care, All Publishing Company,
March 2009, pp. 181-183.

Evans. “Do Goats Chew Cud?” Pet Stuff Guide, Pet Stuff Guide, October, 2017.
https://petstuffguide.com/do-goats-chew-cud/.

Feldman, Beth. “Goats.” Encyclopedia, Version 8, World Book Inc., 2007, p. 240.

Kinne, Maxine. “Rumen Motility and Bloat Diagnosis.” The Memo: Official Magazine of the National
Pygmy Goat Association, Convention Issue, The Memo: Official Magazine of the National Pygmy
Goat Association, Fall, 2016, p. 33.

Peach, Nancy. “Hoof Trimming.” npga-pygmy.com, National Pygmy Goat Association, 1987,
http://www.npga-pygmy.com/resources/husbandry/hoof_trimming.asp.

“Understanding the Ruminant Digestive System.” United Caprine News, Volume 39, Number 8,
United Caprine News, December, 2016, pp. 12 continued to page 21 continued to page 22.

Ava W.

Hello, everyone! My name is Ava Waltenbaugh. I’m 16 years old, and I am a sophomore
in high school. I have amazing parents, and I am the oldest of four sisters. During my free time I
love spending time with my family as well as go outside and surround myself with God’s
creation. I also love baking and nature photography. This year my favorite composition I wrote
was “Martin the Cobbler” because it showed me how God is always present in my life even
when I least expect it.

“It is I”

Interestingly, there once was an old, poor cobbler named Martin. He lived in a tiny
basement of a small town, and for fun he would gaze out the window and would recognize
people by their shoes as they walked by. One night Martin read his gloriously made Bible and
learned about a rich man who invited Christ into his house. Wondering how he would treat
Christ, Martin fell asleep. Martin dreamed of a voice telling him to glance out the window the
next day, and he would see Christ.

When Martin woke up, he wanted to believe in the dream, but he thought it was silly.
Throughout the day he watched the window as he worked to see if he would see any unfamiliar
shoes. Instead Martin found an old soldier who needed to be warmed up, so he invited him in
his house and offered him tea to warm him up. As the day went on, Martin saw a woman with a
baby who were both starving and cold, so Martin also invited them in and fed them both. As
Martin was giving up hope, he saw an elderly woman with red apples and a boy who stole one
of the apples, and Martin resolved the issue.

Sadly, at the end of the crazy day, Martin did not see Christ. That night Martin sleepily
read the Bible before he went to bed and heard footsteps. As he stared at the corner, he saw all
the people he helped that day, and they all said “It is I.” Even though Martin did not see Christ
in the flesh, he still saw Christ through the people he helped, which is as if he was helping Christ
also.

Aviya B.

Hello, my name is Aviya, and I am seventeen years of age; I am a soon-to-be rising
senior, and I have been homeschooled for most of my school years. I was adopted at the age of
three, and I am the youngest of nine children. My favorite verse in the Bible is Psalms 16:1-2,
“Preserve me, O God, for in you I take refuge. I say to the Lord, ‘You are my Lord; I have no
good apart from you.’” I have been singing and playing piano and violin for a total of about
thirteen years. In my free time I positively love composing music, drawing and painting,
cooking, acting, and witting! As of today, I have no earthly idea about what I will be doing five
years down the road, but I will be hopefully taking a gap year in Dubai to help my sister with
Kindermusik buses! In fact, my favorite assignment this year was my super paper. I wrote mine
on the topic and question of, “Should Every Student Who Graduates from High School Attend
College?” I loved writing this paper because it is not a topic that is discussed often, even though
it impacts nearly everyone.

To Attend or Not to Attend? That Is the Question

Imagine for a moment that a high school student in their sophomore or junior year is at
a function with their family. The child’s parent runs into an old friend of theirs, and at some
point, the child is dragged into the conversation. Not even two minutes of dialogue pass when
the questions of “What college? What degree? Are you ready? When are you going? Do you
even want go?” are sprung upon them. For some, these questions pose no pressure because
they have everything worked out! However not every student knows how to answer truthfully.
Often times perspective students feel the burden and need to have everything figured out and
never truly allow themselves the time to think about what they desire to do next. Sometimes
people just go through the motions of life without really knowing why. The same goes for
college. It is just the norm for students to go directly off to college without an if, and, or but. Yet
that is no way to think of such a significant part of student’s lives. People should ask
themselves, “Is attending college beneficial to everyone?” Will the career they wish to pursue
lead them down the path of the institutions of higher learning? Could what motivates them
potentially lead them to making the wrong decision? No matter the student’s reasoning, one
question begs an answer. Should every student who graduates from high school attend college?

We now live in a world where choosing college is treated like the “next step” in life. But
should a four-year college or university degree be the universal stepping stone to a student's
career, whether or not they want to go, know what they want to attend for, or are even
equipped to go? Does attendance at a university or college hold the same value for some, as it
does for others? When people take into account the many factors that need to be weighed
before the decision is made, they are often left with a question. Is college or university truly
beneficial to every student who graduates from high school?

The way people perceive the necessity of college today is slowly beginning to change.
When people ask if it is necessary to go to college, most people say “yes” but often begin to
change their minds as they think about it. A growing population of prospective American
students are voicing opinions about college, and how something needs to change with regard
to higher education (Bidwell 1). In fact, fifty-eight percent of Americans say that colleges and

universities are beginning to have negative impacts on society. (Americans Recognize). More
people are beginning to think that college might not be as useful as they had once believed. For
instance, the number of people who think that college is not as useful as it once was, as grown
almost 13 percent, from 45 percent to 58 percent since 2016. Also, more people are likely to
say that college has more of a personal benefit then a public benefit that promotes public good.
(Bidwell 1). In short, many Americans are starting to see a need for change in regards to higher
education. “People still have strong support of higher education, but it is slowly beginning to
vary in degree.” Says professor Hang Lee, who is the vice president for public policy and
external relations at The Association for Challenge Course Technology (Lee 2).

Another factor to consider when thinking about a college education is its cost. Student
debt is a significant concern because it is slowly eroding the public’s support of higher
education (Lee 2). Indeed, college is needed for some professions, but for many occupations it
ends up being a waste of time and money (Anderberg 2). In May of 2018, almost 44 million
Americans had student debt. Ten percent of the students graduated with over 40,000 dollars in
debt, and approximately 1 percent of the students graduated with 100,000 dollars in debt.
Forty-five percent of those people lament that college was not worth the crushing debt. Not
only does the cost hurt them financially, but it injures them when it comes to independence
and other adult milestones (ProCon.com). For instance, most students who suffer from student
debt have had to delay other aspects of their life because of the crushing debt. Marriage,
family, home and auto ownership, and retirement savings are just some of the areas that have
had to be placed on the backburner (ProCon.org). With the high cost of college and the
inevitability of school debt, many perspective students and parents are beginning to reconsider
higher institutions.

One alternative that prospective students are beginning to investigate is the gap year.
The benefits of taking a gap year are great and cover a myriad of possibilities (“Gap Year”). In
fact, taking a structured gap year allows the individual to develop into a student who has a
stronger sense of purpose and engagement in the world. Studies in the United Kingdom show
that students who took a gap year were more likely to graduate college if and when they decide
to go. This helps with the problem of students who drop out of college and end up wasting

money, time, and energy (Crawford, et al.). Ninety percent of students who chose a gap year
returned to college after the year was over (Shellenbarger). Not only does the reality of the
student going to college and graduating increase, but also the chance of graduating with less
debt. During a student's gap year, they are likely to acquire a job and hopefully set aside a
portion for college to help with the financials (Okun). In addition, taking a gap year allows a
student to figure out what he or she truly wants to do with the rest of he or she’s life. One has
time to reflect on what one desires to accomplish and achieve, and sometime the decision does
not result in college attendance (“Gap Year”). Furthermore, students who take a gap year are
recognized to be more mature, more self-reliant, and independent (“Gap Year”). Gap year
students are more likely to be supported with a scholarship, choose the best major study for
them, re-ignite a sense of curiosity and learning, and obtain a greater sense of purpose for why
they are attending college (“Gap Year”). As more students become interested in the gap year
and begin to explore the benefits it holds, the more its popularity increases with every year.

The rush to send a student to college or university upon high school graduation
diminishes when one contemplates the necessity versus the cost. If the college or university is
not one hundred percent needed for a student's success in life, then they become less of an
urgency. There should not be a rush to do so either, and a student can always take a gap year to
allow him or her to figure out if college the right choice for the life they want to pursue. If it is,
then the student can decide what they truly want to peruse in that time! It is true that if an
individual wants to be a doctor, lawyer, dentist, etc. they definitely must attend. But not every
job out there requires a four-year degree. Therefore, colleges and universities might not be as
beneficial to every student as they once were believed to be.

Often times when asked about the trajectory of a student’s life, many know exactly the
path they will follow. But what about the ones who do not know what career path they wish to
pursue? Are they meant too blindly pick a career and dive head first into their freshman year,
without knowing whether they will even have enough passion for their career choice to enter
their sophomore year? Perhaps they should wait and take time off to reflect on what they wish
to accomplish and why they want to go to college. Why should there be a rush for every
student to run into the “arms” of the college of their choice? Before college admittance

students should be able to objectively look at their aims and ambitions and to discern of the
diploma’s worth and the other options available.

When contemplating setting off to college, one must take into account his or her life
aspirations. Aspirations can also be translated as, someone's hope, objective, intention, or
ambition of achieving something. (Flexner). Hence, what is the student's intention for attending
college or university? Studies show that most students attend college with the hopes of
graduating and finding an excellent job. But realistically, with so many individuals entering the
job market at the same time after graduation, that four-year plan might not be so helpful
(Price). In 2011, 50 percent of U.S. college graduates under the age of 25 were unemployed or
were only working part-time jobs (ProCon.org). Similarly, in 2014 84 percent of graduates
expected to find a job with their chosen degree. But the truth is that only 67 percent of
graduates from only two years prior received jobs in their chosen fields. Thus, students whose
sole intention of attending college is to get a good job and earn a decent salary are likely to be
disappointed (Price). “Students need to think long and hard about what their interests are, […]
what motivates them, what type of work they see themselves doing...” (Docken). And think
about what they wish to achieve in their lives before jumping head first into a four-year plan.

Sometimes a diploma hanging on the wall of a student’s future abode is the only thing
motivating that student to attend college or university. However, that diploma is not always
worth all the blood, sweat, tears, and cash. Sadly, the world moves far too quickly for the
education system to keep in sync which renders more and more diplomas obsolete to obtain a
good job (Price). In fact, one-quarter of college graduates have jobs that do not require a
college degree. In addition, of the 30 careers foreseen to grow the quickest in the coming
decade, only 7 require a standard four-year degree (Anderberg). For some professions, college
is definitely the correct choice. But for many, it can end up being a complete waste of time and
energy. For some, college or university might even diminish the options for a career, as one can
often be sucked into believing that they must enter a certain field in order to be a success.
Therefore, one must ask oneself, “If the only thing driving me to college or university is a piece
of paper with some ink on it, then is it worth it?”

Before a student deicides to attend college or university, they should consider other
options. College might not be for everyone, and thankfully there are several alternatives! There
are reputable options to a four-year plan that high school graduates should acknowledge
(Anderberg). Indeed, Americans are increasingly more supportive of apprentice programs and
community colleges, and most people connect apprenticeships and community colleges with
better workforce training (Bidwell). In addition, many jobs, particularly trade jobs, do not
warrant a college degree (ProCon.org). In fact, “There were over 3 million jobs that were
available in 2008, and no one was discussing them because they were not aspirational enough.
[…] (Anderberg). Presently, with the advancements in technology there is even a way to have
full-time employment and attend college simultaneously through online college and university
courses (Anderberg). In short, there are so many jobs that do not require a student to attend
physically a four-year college: construction, welding, electrical, painting, photography, masonry,
and many more! And individuals can still make a handsome salary with these jobs! (Anderberg).
Institutes of higher learning require a great deal of commitment, energy, time, and money, and
if a student’s heart is not completely in it, then maybe he or she should reevaluate other
options.

Not every student needs to readdress the reasons they want to go to college. But for the
ones who do, they should be able to do so without feeling the pressure to make an instant
decision that will impact them for the rest of their life. Certain career paths demand a college or
university degree, but there are many alternatives for students who are not college bound.
There are a myriad of reasons why a student will choose not to attend, or to delay attending a
higher learning institution. The individual’s aspirations might lay outside of a standard four-year
plan. Sometimes one needs to evaluate the importance of that framed diploma hanging on a
wall. Should that diploma be the obstacle that keeps an individual from fulfilling their dreams
which lie outside the walls of a college or a university? Students need time to consider other
options that might be better suited for what they wish to accomplish. Hopefully, they will be
able to properly decide on what they wish to do. After all, if they decide to go to college and
pick a career, they will probably be on that path for the rest of their working life.

There are so many motivations for a student to choose or not to choose a four-year
plan. Family, friends, and society can directly impact a student’s decision to attend a college or
university… from the expectations of family members and peers, to the grasp that society has
on young individuals. These seemingly harmless influencers can often carry more weight than
most people think. Although these are not always a deciding factor in what choices the
individual makes, a student should always have a clear mind when it comes to their motivations
for attending college.

A student should always contemplate wither the reasons he or she is choosing to go to
college or university will be beneficial to the personally. When considering what and why an
individual wants to attend an institution of higher learning, motivations should be the number
one factor. Do they believe that by attending college they will achieve their dreams and
aspirations for the life they want? If they desire to become a doctor, lawyer, chemist,
pharmacist, journalist, schoolteacher, etc. then college is definitely the place where they should
be! (Anderberg) But students need to understand that when they are making the impactful
decision of attending college, they must make the decision for themselves. Whether they
ultimately go to college or choose another path to follow, they should never feel as if they are
required to go! (Anderberg) In the end, college is mandatory for students who wish to enter
into a career that requires specialized learning. Regardless, the choice should always be for
what they wish to accomplish in life and what will personally benefit them.

The influence of well-meaning family and friends can be one of the underlying reasons a
graduating high school senior chooses to attend college or university. When an individual
begins feeling the pressure of going to college because everyone in their family went to college
and they feel obligated to follow in their footsteps, something needs to change. Maybe they are
the oldest child, and they do not want to let their parents down and wish to set a good
example. Similarly, they could be the child of parents who never went to college and feel the
pressure to attend in order to make their parents proud. Likewise, could it be that all their
friends are going and now they “have” to go! (Beauvais). Regardless of what the reason is, one
should never make a decision based on peer pressure. Studies show that students are
increasingly beginning to feel the pressure of going to an institute of higher learning, not

because they want to, but because they want to make people proud of them.
(rhscommoner.com) Although peers may not think they are truly impacting an individual's
choice when it comes to doing a four-year plan, their words hold more weight than they think!
(Weissbourd) Students are very impressionable, and whether they care to admit it or not, they
care what people think of them (Beauvais.) Friends and family's’ influence and opinions can be
the one reason why a student chooses to or doesn't decide to attend college.

Because society is impacting the way student’s think about college, it should stand to
reason that it can be counted as a motivation. There is an increasing pressure that students are
feeling to attend college immediately. Not only is it stressful when someone asks one what one
wishes to do for the rest of their life. But its nerve wrecking when they ask, “Are you ready?
What college are you going to? When are you going?” And for some reason, students feel the
need to come up with some brilliant answer that is subject to change over the summer. Maybe,
they do this because they are afraid to disappoint by answering with a simple “I do not know.”
And this can often lead to a feeling that they do not have the time to figure out what they truly
desire to do. Dr. Thomas Curran who is a personality and social psychologist, said in a
statement, “Today’s young people are competing with each other in order to meet societal
pressures to succeed [sic] and they feel that perfectionism is necessary in order to feel safe,
socially connected and of worth” (Hrvatin). In short, one of the main reason students
immediately “rush out the house” to the college or university's door is that they feel an
overwhelming pressure from society to be the best! Not only is the sense of having to be
perfect and get to the finish line first foolish for students, it can be detrimental to the mental
and physical health of young people! (Hrvatin) In short, when someone constantly hears from
society that you must have a degree in order to be successful in anyway, they become trapped
into thinking that for he or she to be able to do anything worthwhile in life, they must go to
college! Society is very influential, and sometimes it can push individuals who are trying to
determine the next steps in life.

Deciding to attend college is an enormous decision and should be treated as such. No
one should flippantly go to college because their mom wants them to, nor should they attend
because their friends are all going or because they need to achieve more than you know who.

That is no reason to go down a path! They must personally understand what college fully entails
and make their decision accordingly. College takes dedication, work, time, and a “boatload of
cash!” Therefore, when or if a student chooses to go, they should be wholly committed. An
excellent place to start is to find where the student’s motivation lies!

College is no small feat, and oftentimes students and parents fail to remember that.
People rarely think about the fact that attending college might not yield the same benefits for
everyone, and not everyone’s goals in life will lead them down the same path. Institutions of
higher learning should not just be “what people do,” but should be a choice that is made in
order to advance someone’s education for a certain field or career. Sometimes aspirations lie
beyond the brick and mortar of a university or college, and those goals should be just as valid as
a four-year plan. Why is there only one excepted mold for students who are embarking on their
next steps in life? If one already has a strong sense of what they are called to do and that voice
is leading them to college, then they should follow suit. On the other hand, individuals who
have doubt in their mind should take the time to address those uncertainties. Yes, maybe the
perspective student plans on attending college or the student will choose another path.
Nevertheless, one should never feel as if there is a requirement for every student who
graduates from high school to attend college.

Works Cited

Anderberg, Jeremy, and www.corkcolleges.org. “Is College for Everyone?

11 Alternatives to the Traditional 4-Year College.” The Art of Manliness,

The Art Of Manliness, 4 Mar. 2019, bit.ly/2DIVbWP.

Beauvais, Nicole. “Students Feel Pressure to Go to College.” The Commoner,
Rhscommoner.com, 3 Jan. 2018, goo.gl/h1zmrb.

Bidwell, Allie. “Americans Recognize the Value of Higher Ed, But Want Change.” NASFAA,
NASFAA, 22 May 2018, bit.ly/2ToCJIz.

Flexner, Stuart Berg. Family Word Finder: a New Thesaurus of Synonyms and Antonyms
in Dictionary Form. The Readers Digest Association, 1975.

Gap Year Association, et al. “Gap Year Data and Benefits.” Gapyearassociation.org, Gap Year
Association, 2016, www.gapyearassociation.org/data-benefits.php.

Hrvatin, Vanessa. “Students Are Feeling More Pressure than Ever to Be Perfectionists -and
Social Media May Be to Blame.” National Post, National Post, 4 Jan. 2018,goo.gl/3SGjeH.

Journal, Wall Street. “The Wall Street Journal & Breaking News, Business, Financial and
Economic News, World News and Video.” The Wall Street Journal, Dow Jones &
Company, www.wsj.com/.

ProCon.org. “Is a College Education Worth It?” ProCon.org Headlines, ProCon.org,

17 Jan. 2019, college-education.procon.org/.

Samuelson, Chidike. “Does a College Degree Still Matter?” Entrepreneur, Entrepreneur,

6 Jan. 2017, www.entrepreneur.com/article/284148.

Weissbourd, Richard. “The Overpressured Student.” Asda.org, Educational Leadership, May
2011, goo.gl/9ULi6o.

Ayoub S.

Hi, everyone. My name is Ayoub, and I have just turned 15 years old. This is my
freshman year in high school, and I have been homeschooling for quite a while now. I have also
been attending IEW Writing classes for over five years, and I have found it very helpful. I am the
oldest of three brothers, and we all enjoy living in central California. I enjoy the outdoors and
animals as well as my love for trucks and heavy equipment. I can’t say I have a favorite sport,
but I do love playing tennis. I cherish volunteering in my free time, and I love helping people. I
liked the super essay assignment because it gave me that sense of accomplishment after lots of
hard work and planning.

Transportation

Starting from the last century, airplanes have allowed people to travel far distances very
quickly. Air travel is a very important aspect of our lives that shapes our lives in many different
ways. Like any other method of transportation, there are benefits as well as drawbacks to this
method of transportation. Remarkably, airplane travel has significantly changed and future
advances may include a more pleasant passenger experience. These factors, including the issue
of safety, play a substantial role in the decision of whether or not we choice travel on airplane.
Airplanes have revolutionized the way we traverse from areas hundreds of miles apart in length
that are now less than a couple hours away.

Like other methods of transport, airplane travel has its pros and cons that come with it.
The pros encompass many aspects. For firsts, a chief advantage to air travel is the high level of
safety of airplanes. Planes can get us from one place to another at speeds never envisioned by
humans decades ago. Plane travel can also become enjoyable, which also contributes to the
fact that airplanes make one-week long vacations possible. For the main part, airplane speed is
usually the factor that outweighs the cons. On the other hand, there are cons to air travel. Two
main concerns are long waiting times and possible flight delays. Sometimes, the cost for
airplane travel tickets is another downside. Security checks include the touching of some of our
body parts that are very sensitive. Cons, as well as which ones we encounter, can deter us to
use air travel. These advantages and disadvantages all impact how we conjecture about
airplane travel.

There are many things that make us think back and forth on whether or not we should
take an airplane flight. These include the various videos on YouTube that have titles like “top
ten destructive airplane crashes caught on camera’. Although the makers of these videos don’t
realize it, they put a lot of fear into the t hearts of viewers. Air travel, is in fact the safest way of
transportation. According to Dr. Wilson, your chances of dying in a “U.S commercial jet airline”
are “1 in 7 million.” Comparably, as Dr.Wilson states, your chances of dying in a “car trip, coast-
to-coast" are about 1 in 14,000 (“How safe is”). Important statistics help plant a clearer picture

in our mind on how safe air travel is. With some negative propaganda, an airplane flight safer
than a car can give people doubt on what is right from wrong.

Airplane travel is a very important way many people use to get from one place to
another. As it has been in the last decade, technology has come to improve life in many aspects
in an extremely short time. Air travel is no exception. Recent research is trying to modernize
flying by allowing commercial airline companies to travel at much faster speeds. Much effort is
also being put in to help reduce the carbon footprint of flying by creating electric planes for
short, domestic flights. Companies are also trying to enhance the passenger experienceand
make flying a more enjoyable thing to do, even at the economy class level. Semi-autopilot
airplanes are not too far away in the future. Technological Advancement in airplane technology
is surely on its way. Technological advancement will hopefully improve the way air travel is in
the future.

Planes make up a great part of how humans commute long distance, from continent to
another in a seemingly brisk amount of time. Although plane travel has its ups and downs, the
future is headed to solving most of these existing problems. Many important key elements of
air flight include the unparalleled amount of safety present when you travel in an airplane.
Airplane travel shouldn’t be thought of us just a way for us to get from place to place quickly. It
is also a means for us to create even easier ways for us to experience leisure on another side of
the world.

From the slow chug a chug to the bullet trains capable of traveling more than 350 miles
an hour, trains continue to affect our lives in many different ways. Trains have played a large
part of the history of the United States, including one of the most important events, the
Industrial Revolution. Trains have also greatly affected the way large cities all over the world
meet their transportation needs. But above all, trains have allowed people to get supplies
quickly in times of dire need, like in natural disasters or in war.

Trains have played an important part in the history of the United States. One of the
major events that occurred in the United States was the event of the Industrial Revolution. The
transcontinental railroad, which was built in the 1800s, helped Americans move raw goods

from their naturally-found areas, to busy industrial towns that had bustling factories. Goods
and people could move faster and cheaper than ever. For example, a trip from coast to coast
would cost around a thousand dollars and take half a year. After the railroad, however, the
same trip would cost one hundred and fifty dollars and would take one sixth of the time. This
was important because it helped consumers get a wide range of products that they never had
before for a decent price. Trains were a very important aspect of the Industrial Revolution,
which helped shape the future of America for a long time to come.

Trains have played a great part in the development of great cities. Cities like Tokyo rely
on subways, light rails, and high-speed trains for mass transport, which are just really different
forms of train travel. Cities like New York, Los Angeles, Beijing, and Boston are bustling full of
people and it isn’t possible for every family to commute by car. Instead, methods of mass
transport that are cheap and eco-friendly are utilized in these types of cities. As cities like these
continue to grow, the different forms of train travel are being developed to exist more in the
air. Transportation like light rails, which are off ground, help save substantial cities’ time, space,
and resources, while creating a smaller carbon footprint.

Although you may not know it, trains played a great role in the Civil War. In fact, the
North had a great railway system, which was a great advantage over the South’s transportation
system. First, the railroad served as a means of fast transportation for weapons and supplies.
Trains were even used to carry troops around in a quick and quiet way. Capturing main railroad
lines also greatly boosted the morale of soldiers. If a railroad station was captured, the soldiers
on that side would think that they had a much better chance of winning the war. The
Southerner’s railroad tracks had many different widths, and they couldn’t transport supplies
fast enough. The North had many more rail miles, which meant they could quickly transport
things for a farther distance. These advantages helped the North greatly, and also led to the
South’s fall. Trains have really played a major role in the Civil War.

All the different things that make train transport is important to us and affects our lives
in many different ways. From the Industrial Revolution to the Civil War, trains have kept people
and supplies moving in a very short time. At dire times like these, a fast and reliable form of

transportation kept the nation moving. Today, so many other countries with hugely populated
cities rely on sophisticated forms of trains, the invention that helped us and will still continue to
be a significant contributor to society.

So many ideas pop in our heads at once when we mention cars in a discussion. First, we
tend to recall the great daily transportation that cars provide us with regularly. Next, we also
think back a couple decades from today to realize how far we have come from other types of
transportation. At the same time we also kind of fast-forward a bit, and we seem to notice how
quickly cars have changed to encompass better safety and awesome technology. Cars have
changed and changed us humans in the past decade, changing the way we talk about cars in
general.

Cars play a great role in our day-to-day transportation in the United States. In fact, in
recent years, it hasn’t been uncommon in the past couple years for families to own two, three,
or even more vehicles. Recent statistics, however, have shown that many American families are
downsizing on how many cars they own, and some are even downsizing to only one car. People
have started to realize that owning fewer cars would save them tons of money. Not only do
cars have a purchase price, cars can very quickly lose initial value. Additionally, other vehicle
costs include registration, insurance, maintenance, gas, state taxes, and others just to name a
few. Plus, concepts like ridesharing have caused companies like Uber and Lyft to thrive and
become a very popular method of transport. All these factors push people towards owning
fewer cars, therefore helping people save money and improve air quality. This will affect the
role of cars in the ways we use transportation.

Cars have become much safer today than they were in the past couple decades. As
technology improves, many other aspects of vehicle safety technology are created.
Manufactures race to beat each other and therefore focus on safety, thus creating features like
blind spot safety, keep lane assist, and braking assist. Other features include collision braking,
adaptive cruise control, and multiple rear view and side cameras. All these features contribute
to better safety features and a less worried driving experience. These safety features also make
driving much safer than it was just a decade ago.

Cars are a great piece of history that has helped humans come a long way from horses.
Cars started with very simple concepts and went on to become the smart machines that we see
today. The 1901 Mercedes, which was modeled by Wilhelm Maybach, “deserves credit for
being the first modern motorcar in all essentials.” But the first mass produced vehicle that sold
in the millions was the incredibly famous Model T Ford. This vehicle originally was $825 when it
started being sold, and the amazing developments in mass production allowed prices to reach
$290 by the end of this car’s production. Car sales have drastically increased as vehicles’
technology and reliability increased. This helps show us how much advancement we have seen
in transportation in less than the past century.

As time progresses, car safety and technology will continue to improve and become
better. Cars will always fill in a place and have a part in human history that will stand with us.
They provide us with valuable and reliable transportation that allows us to travel places farther
within only minutes. If it weren’t for this great invention, commuting to places quickly and
safely would take a long time and weekend vacations would not be possible.

Bronwyn L.

Hello! My name is Bronwyn, and I’m a Sophomore and soon-to-be Junior in High
School. My family has moved numerous times in my sixteen years of life, but we have
settled down in South Carolina. My family includes my parents, my five siblings, and our
three massive dogs. When I’m not busy with school, I enjoy reading fictional novels,
writing stories, and practicing my drawing. I have been taking piano lessons for four
years and love many different genres of music. When I am older, I would like to write
fictional novels of my own for others to enjoy. My favorite composition from this year
was the writing from pictures. I enjoyed brainstorming many ways to decipher the
meaning of the pictures and creating a story out of them.

Calvin and Hobbes

Calvin lay in bed sleeping after a busy day with Hobbes. It is midnight and
darkness has flooded his room. Peacefully, Calvin dreams of great adventures that
Hobbes and him will go on in the future. [2]Across the room, there is an ominous
tapping on the window, which jolts him from his serene sleep. He clenches his eyes
closed, trying to ignore the noise. He begins to grow restless and annoyed as the
tapping continues and is followed by a deep, whispered howl. He tossed and turned in
his bed. Calvin was no longer able to sleep peacefully in his bed.

[2]After what felt like hours, Calvin checks to see what was tapping on his window,
Calvin is petrified to see a monster. It stands right in front of Calvin’s bedroom window.
Frightfully, it glares at him with large, beady eyes and scratches at his window with its
sharp claws. Calvin is now completely awake and stares at the monster in horror. His
heart begins to beat fast and sweat forms on his forehead. He pulls his covers over his
head to shield him from the beast, which doesn’t affect it much as it continues to tap
rhythmically against the window. He closes his eyes and tries to wait for the monster to
disappear. However, Calvin is still able to see the monster outside of his window.

As the tapping on the window intensifies, Calvin, unable to bear it anymore, yells for
his mom. He flings the covers off of himself and gropes for the lamp switch. He
manages to flick the lamp on, which causes light to flood his room. Calvin didn’t realize
that the monster has receded into the shadows when he turned on the light, and in its
place stands a tree with an owl perched on one of the branches. Running into the
room, Calvin’s mother immediately assesses the situation. [2]After calming him down,
she points out that the monster’s large, beady eyes belonged to the owl, the monster’s
sharp claws were the tree branches, and the monster’s growl had only been the wind.
Calmly, Calvin tries to go back to sleep. Calvin’s mom makes him promise not to yell
for her like that again.

Caleb J.

My name is Caleb, and I have been homeschooling my entire life. Although I do not have
any sisters, I do have one brother. I particularly enjoy playing the trumpet in my local band.
Additionally, I run cross country during the fall. Over the course of this summer, I hope to
photograph many different species of birds. As I grow older, I plan on going into a nature-
related career. I want spend time enjoying God’s special creation. My favorite composition that
I wrote this year is the essay about my favorite vacation because it brought me back to fun
times I had with my family.

Fun Times at Silver Dollar City

After years of being too young and short, my brother and I were finally old enough to go
to Silver Dollar City. We had heard that Silver Dollar City was extremely cool since my parents
had been there before. As we drove down, they told us of the exciting roller coasters which had
lines to go with them. Also, they related how relieving the water rides could be on a hot
summer day. New to both us and them was the recently built Fireman’s Landing. After a
grueling four-hour drive, we reached our hotel, checked in, and rested for our busy day ahead.

One of the most thrilling parts of my trip to Silver Dollar City was the roller coasters. We
rode Thunderation, which is the first roller coaster when you enter the park, again and again
because we arrived while the lines were still short. Wildfire, which is full of loop the loops, is my
family’s favorite as it is a very smooth ride. My brother was shorter than the required 54 inches,
so he was sadly unable to ride. Exploding you to a speed of 60 mph in two seconds, Powder Keg
was the jerkiest ride, which we only rode once. At Outlaw Run, where my brother was again too
short to ride, we waited in line for an hour. When we finally did ride it, the sky had become
dark, so we were able to see the fireworks show as we whizzed along. While Outlaw Run and
Thunderation were both wooden, Powder Keg and Wildfire were both metal although that did
not make Powder Keg a smoother ride. Loving the thrill of these rides, roller coasters were
definitely my favorite part of Silver Dollar City.

Some other enjoyable activities we did were the water rides. With a steep decent after
its deceivingly calm beginning, American Plunge succeeded in soaking me and my family. After
waiting in line for over an hour, we relaxed as we rode on a raft on the Lost River of the Ozarks.
River Blast, which was full of rapids and much rougher than Lost River of the Ozarks, started a
growing uneasiness in our stomachs, which had not been particularly well in the first place. In
the Flooded Mine we rode in a minecart and were sprayed when we least expected it. To close
out our water rides, we walked to the Firehouse Splash Yard, which although geared for
younger kids, was still a lot of fun. Although I was soaked by the end, I thoroughly enjoyed the
water rides.

At the end of the day, my brother and I had a blast at Fireman’s Landing. Fireman’s
Landing, which is basically an awesome, large scale form of a kids’ playground, is full of air
powered guns which fire foam balls. We saw everyone from toddlers to adults joining in the
fun, although it is geared for children. The three floors are open in the middle with no walls
allowing you to freely shoot balls at people way above or below you. To make Fireman’s
Landing fun for everyone, many balls cover the floor reducing the effect of a ball-hog. My
brother and I flew from hiding place to hiding place, gathered balls, and darted back out to fire
at opponents. It was important to be careful to not hit small kids who might start crying. We
were exhausted by the time we finished but very happy with our excursion to Fireman’s
Landing.

Satisfying my wish for thrill, the roller coasters were the highlight of my trip. The water
rides were a fun activity we could experience as a family. At Fireman’s Landing, which never
grows old, I simply had a blast. Of all the great times I had, I think my time at Fireman’s Landing
was the most memorable since I was able to spend fun quality time with my brother.

Caleb L.

Hi! My name is Caleb, and I am 17 years old. I live in Greenville, South Carolina and am
homeschooled along with my 3 sisters and 2 brothers. I love playing the piano. I have been
playing a little over 3 years and have advanced quite a bit recently. I currently work at Quiktrip
and have been there for a little over a year. I am not sure what I am going to major in for
college, but after college I’d like to become an English teacher to kids in South Korea. My
favorite thing I wrote this year was my super essay on the topic of sugar because I enjoyed
creating the presentation for it.

All About Sugar

Cake, ice cream, chips, cookies, soda, pancakes, and pizza. Wow, that sounds good!
Almost everyone eats these types of foods every day, and it is considered as is junk food! What
exactly makes these foods so good? Well, the answer is probably sugar. Most of the time these
types of food are loaded with sugar, which makes it much more enjoyable for everyone. But
where does sugar come from and how is it made? Is it even healthy?

Everyone has had sugar many times in their lives, but do they know much about it?
What’s the history on it, and how is it produced? Sugar has a lot of information on where it
comes from, how it’s made and what types of it there are.

Sugar is something almost everyone consumes every single day. As a matter of fact,
people may be surprised to learn that sugar actually comes from a plant. Sugar cane is where
70% of sugar comes from. It undergoes a refining process which removes the molasses. Then
the syrup is boiled then cooled and seeded with sugar crystals, which makes the sugar crystalize
out. Another way sugar is produced is from sugar beets. These are the two most common ways
sugar. which is also called sucrose is produced. Since sugar is in high demand, farmers can grow
it in fields as a crop. Following harvest, it undergoes a refining process to turn it into the white,
grainy substance that people easily recognize and love to consume. This is the way most of the
sugar people own is produced.

Sugar has existed for a long time, but was not like it is today. In 510 BC, king Darius
discovered sugar, which he called “the reed which gives honey without bees.” He made a rich
profit off of sugar. It was also a very luxurious item for a while. For example, even in 1319 A.D.
it would sell for two shillings a pound, which in the United States would equate to one hundred
dollars for a kilo. As time went on more sugar refineries opened up in many countries around
the world. More sugar was being produced, and more people were able to afford it. Time
progressed, and sugar spread across the world.

Table sugar is what most people think of when sugar comes to mind, but that’s not the
only type of sugar there is. There are many different types of sugar, but unlike sugar cane and
sugar beets, these plants don’t produce sucrose in sufficient quantities for harvesting. For

example, a couple of common sugars people consume are glucose, and galactose. Usually what
glucose is found in is honey, fruits and vegetables and galactose in milk and dairy products, but
those types of sugars are not exactly unhealthy. Usually people think of sugar as unhealthy, but
sugars in fruits, vegetables, and dairy are actually healthy. Sugar can be found in many different
forms.

Much has been learned about sugar. Its origins can be traced to sugar cane and sugar
beets. At one time, it was considered a luxury. Sugar can come in a variety of forms.
Surprisingly, not all sugars are unhealthy for you.

The history of sugar and how it’s made has been covered, but there’s also a downside to
it. A lot of sugar isn’t exactly healthy. It can cause health problems, heart disease and even hurt
people’s skin.

Sugar can affect the body and easily lead to weight gain. In fact, it’s one of the biggest
problems with added sugar. Sugar-loaded drinks are a large contribution to weight gain.
Consuming it can lead to wanting to eat more than just glucose. It curbs people’s hunger, which
can lead to consuming a high number of liquid calories which then causes weight gain. Rates of
obesity are increasing worldwide just because of sugar, and results are showing that people
who consume added sugar weigh more than people who don’t. Weight gain is one of the main
ways sugar can affect everyone.

Another way sugar can impact health is heart disease. Heart disease is the number one
cause of death worldwide. For example, high sugar diets can cause obesity, inflammation, and
high blood pressure which all leads to heart disease. Just one sugary drink can already be over
the recommended daily limit for added sugar. The amount of sugar a normal person consumes
every day is increasing the risk of getting heart disease. Heart disease can take a big impact on
people’s lives.

Not only can sugar give people heart disease, but it can also be horrible for their skin. As
a matter of fact, many people deal with this. Acne is something many people have, and it
usually comes from eating sugar. Foods like chocolate, dairy, soda, and fast food are all major
causes of acne. A study of over 5,000 people showed that their high fat diets were associated

with a 43% increased risk of acne. Acne is not fun to deal with, and sugar won’t make it any
better.

These are just a few of the ways sugar can affect the body. It should definitely scare
people into wanting to cut off more sugar from their daily eating. The weight gain, obesity and
acne that result from sugar cause big problems for many people.

Once people learn about the negative effects of sugar, they often wonder if there are
ways to cut sugar from their diet or eliminate its effects. There actually are quite a few ways,
and they are very effective!

Cutting down on sugar-filled food and drinks is one of the main ways to cut back on
sugar. Sugar-loaded drinks and foods can contain a heap of added sugar. For example, Sodas
and energy drinks contain 44% of the added sugar in American diets, and desserts are 18% of
that. Just one drink is almost the daily recommended limit for sugar intake. That’s what almost
everyone consumes daily and is also what can affect their health. Cutting down on these can
make a huge difference.

Another way people can cut down their sugar intake is by eating healthier. There are
many ways to do so. Eating low-fat, organic and whole foods are the best options when
wanting to eat healthier. Fruits, meat, yogurt, eggs and many more foods can be great
substitutes for the sugary foods. Staying on organic foods can make a drastic difference in just a
few days! Your skin will look clearer, you’ll feel much better and you could even start losing
weight quickly. Eating healthy is one of the best ways to cut off sugar.

The way people sleep is another thing that can help with reducing sugar intake. Poor
sleeping habits have been linked to the types of foods people eat. If people don’t get enough
sleep, they may feel the need for more sweet foods. Getting at least 8 hours of sleep every
night is the best thing for everyone’s health, and it can help reduce the want for sugar. A study
showed that people who got a good amount of sleep did not feel the need to eat sugar, and
people with a sleepless night had the need to eat more junk food. Sleep is very important for
everyone’s health and diet.

Cutting sugar from a diet may be difficult at first, but it will get easier for everyone as
time goes by. People’s skin will look better, and they will feel more energetic. It will definitely
not be regretted!

After learning the facts about sugar, some people may realize that they have been
eating too much sugar or may even be dealing with one of the effects caused by sugar. It is not
necessary to completely give up sugar forever. However, too much of it can cause damage to
the body. Cutting back on sugar can help. By choosing to ingest just one dessert a day or just
one fast-food meal a week could be the perfect solution. The less sugar people eat, the
healthier they will be!

Canyon M.

Hi, my name is Canyon. I am 15 years old, and I live in Pennsylvania. I enjoy being
outside, shooting any guns, hunting, riding four wheelers, working on vehicles, working
out/lifting, playing music, and hanging out with family and friends. My sister and I have a
bluegrass band in which I mostly play guitar and sing. Along with playing guitar, I play fiddle,
mandolin, and many other stringed instruments. As far as sports, I currently play football, but I
have played soccer, basketball and volleyball in the past. I plan on becoming a mechanical
engineer. However, if I don’t become an engineer, I will probably go into machining or gun-
smithing. My favorite writing assignment this year was the compare and contrast essay,
because I was able to take two things of interest and show comparisons and differences.

Standard Cars vs 4X4 Diesel Trucks

Actor Tommy Cooper once said, “You know, somebody actually complimented me on
my driving today. They left a little note on the windshield; it said 'Parking Fine.” Driving is a part
of life for many people, and everyone can agree that having transportation is an important part
of life. However, not everyone can agree on which type of vehicle is best. Since the first
vehicles, there have been disputes over the benefits and disadvantages between cars and
trucks. In reality, standard cars and 4x4 diesel trucks are extremely different, yet similar in
many ways.

Standard Cars and 4x4 diesel trucks function very similarly. In fact, they both share
many of the same parts. All cars and trucks need motors to run. Without motors, automobiles
would not be self-powered. Cars and trucks also require transmissions. Transmissions are what
transfer power from the motor to the wheel in order for the vehicle to drive. Unless they are
electric, all cars and trucks also use fuel to run the motor; without the fuel, the motor wouldn’t
run. Every automobile needs to stop which is why brakes are installed onto cars and trucks.
Without brakes, it would take a long time to stop and would be exceedingly unsafe. Cars and
trucks function virtually identically. Although there are differences, standard cars and 4x4 diesel
trucks possess many of the same features.

Additionally, cars and 4x4 trucks contain intricate parts that are similar. In fact, when it
comes to details, there are as many similarities as there are differences. First of all, cars and
trucks need tires to drive. Without tires, it would be hard to go places in a vehicle. Cars and
trucks also have suspension to smooth out the ride. Another comparable quality is the body.
The main body parts of cars and trucks are made out of metal. The steering wheel is a piece
that all automobiles have. Trucks and cars also have seats and an interior for the driver and
passenger to sit in. Subtle similarities are hard to see in cars and trucks, but they are there
nevertheless. Four by four trucks and standard cars have many integral commonalities.

On the other hand, 4x4 Diesel trucks and standard cars have many functional
differences. Some differences are not as obvious as others though. One example is engine size.
Many people do not notice the difference between a car engine and a truck engine, because

they are usually covered. Diesel engines are much larger than car engines. Fuel type is also a
major difference. The majority of cars are powered by gasoline, whereas most ¾ ton and up
trucks are powered by diesel fuel. Another noticeable difference is ride height. A 4x4 truck ride
height is usually a foot or so higher than a car’s ride height. Cars are usually only a few inches
off the ground. Visible differences are easy to spot. That is why standard cars and 4x4 diesel
trucks are easy to tell apart.

Four by four Diesel trucks and standard cars have other differences, too. In fact, the
differences are quite noticeable just by comparing them side by side. Tire size is one of the
most noticeable differences. Truck tires are much larger than car tires. Suspension durability is
also a big difference. Truck suspension tends to be stronger and more durable, because trucks
are oftentimes used for hauling and towing. Car suspension is less durable, because cars usually
only transport people. The body shape is another major difference. Cars are made to be
streamline and aerodynamic, whereas trucks are made for utility purposes and have beds for
hauling. Interior packages also differ greatly between cars and trucks. Most car interiors are
plush and comfortable. On the other hand, while trucks can have comfortable seats and plush
interiors, the majority of trucks have rugged interiors to withstand extensive use. Side by side
comparisons are the easiest way to see how trucks differ from cars. Standard cars and 4x4
diesel trucks have distinct variations.

Although 4x4 diesel trucks and standard cars differ in size and build, there are many
similar features that make the two vehicles alike. The differences are great but the similarities
are equal for standard cars and 4x4 trucks. They share many of the same parts, but differ in
appearance and fuel use. No matter what, both provide reliable transportation and can end up
with a friendly windshield note that says, “Parking Fine.”

Deklan G.

Hi, my name is Deklan. I have three sisters and one brother. I enjoy working with
computers and coding. I also enjoy playing tennis. My favorite meal is spinach and cheese
ravioli. I would like to be a penetration tester or a business IT manager when I am older. My
favorite writing assignment of the year was the super essay because I could write about
something I enjoy doing.

Technology

The internet holds much of our lives, an almost virtual replica of ourselves. From our
email accounts to our credit cards the internet has it all. Sadly, many people don't know how
much of the internet functions, how we can use it and how the technology that makes it all
possible works. The reason the reader should learn how these things work is to help them more
fully understand how to fix issues with this technology and take advantage of it. Technology
assists us with our everyday lives. It also holds millions of terabytes of information on people.
How can you take advantage of online learning as a teacher or student? How do popular
programs and the tech that runs them work?

Technology is always assisting us. Whether you are getting a degree or working,
technology helps you speed up the process and gain some free time. Imagine having to
calculate everything on your head without a calculator. It would take a long time to do a simple
calculation. This is an example of how technology increases our free time, meaning we are
more productive instead of doing everything manually. Technology helps us learn by proving,
online learning resources, allowing teachers to be more available and aiding us in doing our
jobs more efficiently.

Many people use technology in their job. What does that technology simplify? For
example, you work at Future Host, a web hosting company. You will need to know at least the
basics of web hosting and how to operate server machinery. One of the basics you will need to
know is DNS or Domain Name Service. This service is taking a domain, for example,
example.com. When people go to example.com it is not example.com you are visiting. It is the
server’s IP address you are visiting. DNS is just an easy way for people to remember the
websites instead of remembering the IP, which looks like this: 09.90.121.4. Imagine trying to
remember 172.217.3.196 for Google.com and a different IP for each webpage you wanted to
visit. Almost all jobs use technology to add simplicity to your life. This is just one way
technology simplifies your job.

Have you ever considered online schooling or college? There are some awesome
benefits to these options. You can advance in your career and hobbies while in an online school