BQS554_ASSIGNMENT 1_AP2244B_GROUP 4

BQS554
BUILDING SERVICES II

MULTI-STOREY

SMART
HOME

Home is where the
comfort is. The real
comfort lies in living
smart and simple.

PREPARED BY:
AHMAD FARITH BIN AHMAD SANUSI (2021505081)
MOHAMAD LUQMAN HAKIM BIN MOHD ADNAN ALI (2021117359)
MUHAMMAD NAQIUDDIN BIN MOHD ROBI (2021124295)
NURUL ILYANA BINTI CHE AZIZ (2021505423)
UNGKU NUR KHALIQAH BINTI UNGKU KAMARZAMAN (2021505337)

PREPARED FOR:
DR. NOOR AKMAL ADILLAH ISMAIL

TEAM MEMBERS

AHMAD FARITH
BIN AHMAD SANUSI

(2021505081)

MOHAMAD LUQMAN HAKIM
BIN MOHD ADNAN ALI
(2021117359)

MUHAMMAD NAQIUDDIN
BIN MOHD ROBI
(2021124295)

NURUL ILYANA BINTI CHE AZIZ
(2021505423)

UNGKU NUR KHALIQAH BINTI
UNGKU KAMARZAMAN
(2021505337)

CONTENTS

01 02 - 05

INTRODUCTION SMART SMOKE DETECTOR

06 - 10 11 - 15

SMART SOLAR WATER WI-FI MESH SYSTEM
HEATER
21 - 25
16 - 20
SMART AIR CONDITIONER
SMART SURVEILLANCE
CAMERA 28

26 - 27 CONCLUSION

CASE STUDY: BUNGALOW
DAMANSARA IDAMAN

29 - 31

REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

Smart home is a residence that uses Home automation system is the
automatic control of electronic devices in
smartness of technologies to enable the the home that connected to the internet
by control it remotely. This system will
remote monitoring and management of make life more convenient and also can
lead to greater safety with Internet of
appliances and systems. Smart home Things (IoT) devices like security
cameras systems (Vigderman et al.
presents their benefits for end-users as 2021).

both obvious and manifold. It can make IoT is refers to any device that connected
to the internet by using it via an app. All
they fell comfort, security, convenience home automation devices are IoT
devices because it can be automated to
through automation, energy trigger one another. The data will
integrate from the devices by the internet
management and efficiency (Cook, to share the most valuable information
with applications built to address specific
2012). The benefits of smart home also needs (Clark J. 2016).

can be divided in three categories. Which For more knowledge about the smart
system that have in smart home, in this
are for lifestyle support, energy magazine we will discuss about the
application, system, installation process,
management and safety (Balta-Ozkan benefits, problems, functions, parts of
equipment, principles and building
et al. 2013). regulations of each system that possible
have in every smart homes.
In the past, smart homes were
considered to be part of a luxurious life
style but today they have become an
important part of our lives. Smart homes
play an important role in provide useful
information to users about various
aspects of household functioning such
as room temperatures or occupancy,
appliance conditions and energy usage
in an effort to help them make more
informed choices and decisions (Wilson
et al. 2014). Owning smart home is
becoming a necessity because of the
advance technology today. So, to make
the end-users gets that benefits that can
fulfil the smart home criteria is by using
home automation system.

01

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

1 SMART SMOKE DETECTOR
WRITTEN BY UNGKU NUR KHALIQAH BINTI UNGKU KAMARZAMAN

Smart fire-fighting technologies have caught the interest of governments
and will likely become a future development trend for intelligent fire

prevention. Smart gadgets might assist prevent or detect a fire in your
house, preventing even more great harm by alerting you quicker. While
traditional smoke detectors are meant to inform individuals within the home
of a fire, some of the following smart devices can also deliver notifications to

you on your mobile device.

SYSTEM

The system used for these
services in this proposed
multi-story smart home
that are smart smoke
detector. They sound an
alarm when smoke or fire
is detected, providing as
much warning as possible
for residents to evacuate
in the event of a house
fire.

APPLICATION

Smart smoke detectors can send alert messages to your
smartphone. It may be essential to connect a camera with
your smart smoke detector, allowing you to record footage of
the incident in order to locate the location of the fire's origin. In
this scenario, if an event occurs in a certain portion and the
sensor fails to detect the accident, then there is no other way to
detect the incident at its initial stage (Saeed et. al, 2018). This
also ensures lower operational cost, and it comprises certified
products like carbon monoxide detector, smoke detector, heat
detector, indoor siren, and an outdoor siren.

02

INSTALLATION PROCESS

The smart smoke detector offers 1.With relevant position, mark holes
exceptionally secure communications
while ease the wireless installation. then drill the two holes insert and
tighten the two screws leaving a 2mm
No expert knowledge is required for the gap below the heads align the holes of
installation. You will need a private Wi-Fi
network a smartphone or table. 2.the mount with the screws on the

ceiling.

The screw will be mount
counterclockwise to the marked line
finish tightening the two screws in
order to secure the mount install the
smart smoke alarm on the mount by
aligning the marks on it with the smart

3.smoke alarm.
To secure the mount install the smart
smoke alarm on the mount by aligning
the marks on it with the smart smoke
alarm then LEDs will light up to indicate
that the device is working.

BB
EE This carefully designed system that detects smoke in its early stages,

offering homeowners and the firefighting plenty of time to respond.

NN Sensors based on IoT are smarter than traditional smoke detectors. To
handle the situation, the system activates the alarm and sends an

EE automated alert to the authorities. This smoke alarm can even notify your
neighbours. Early discovery will allow the house residents to leave before

FF the fire takes control.
II Fire alarms, firefighting equipment, and personal safety equipment may all
TT be readily integrated with smart devices. They can aid in the tracking of

firefighters and offer first responders with exact situational insight into

SS where individual firefighters are located and how they are fighting the fire.
Radio-frequency identification trackers built in firefighting gear enable this
position tracking.

03

PROBLEMS

The building may be occupied by handicapped persons, there is a need for
audible and visual signals. For example, a deaf person will not hear a fire alarm
bell and a blind person cannot see a fire alarm strobe light. You may experience
issues if your alarm system is simply connected to your security company via
phone line. Before breaking into your house, a thief may cut your phone line, thus
terminating all monitoring and connection with your alarm provider. Since a
consequence, having a cellular radio connected with your system is a fantastic
option, as it will allow you to communicate with the security company even if the
phone connection is disconnected.

FUNCTIONS

The detection systems, such as

heat, smoke, and gas detectors,

detect events and automatically

activate the alarm, or the alarms

are typically manually triggered. A

wireless system network is used by

the 95% of fire alarm systems.

Target tracking, localization,

healthcare, environmental

monitoring, and industrial

automation are just a few of the

uses that have gained attention

because of their applicability.

PARTS OF EQUIPMENT

Smart plugs, also known as smart outlets, can give you piece of mind if
you forget to unplug the coffee maker or iron before leaving the house.
You can control lights and small appliances on and off using an app on
your smartphone. When your appliances are not in use, certain models
will automatically switch them off. There are gadgets that use motion
detecting technology to automatically turn off the burner to help avoid
cooking fires. When the sensor detects that you have left the kitchen, a
countdown begins to turn off the burner. When you return to check on
the stove, the countdown is immediately resumed.

04

BUILDING
REGULATIONS

It is equipped with a The design of fire fighting
temperature sensor, a fire systems that to be implant
detector sensor, a smoke in the buildings must be
comply to the standards of
detector sensor. Part VIII of Uniform Building
- Rosas et. al, 2018 By Laws 2006 of Malaysia.
PRINCIPLE Smoke detectors should be
placed such that one is
It is equipped with a temperature sensor, a fire detector within 7.5m of every
sensor, a smoke detector sensor (Rosas et. al, 2017). habitable room door and
When the power or internet is out, smart smoke that there is at least one
detectors have alternative solutions. Even though your smoke detector on each
smart smoke detector is hard-wired into your electrical level of the house.
system, in the event of a power loss, the backup battery
system should take over. Some of these systems can Smoke detectors should be
also turn on the lights and provide directions on what to installed on the ceiling,
do in the event of a fire. Smart detectors can send an ideally in the center, and at
alarm to your smartphone when the current battery least 300mm away from
level is running low, rather than buzzing a low-battery any wall or light fixture.
warning in the middle of the night. When determining where to
place them, pay close
attention to the
manufacturer's instructions,
especially if you intend to
mount them on the wall.
Generally, wall-mounted
detectors should be
installed between 150mm
and 300mm below the
ceiling.

SPACE IMPLICATION

Smoke detectors should be positioned inside and outside bedrooms, as
well as on every level of your home, including the basement. Several
smoke detectors may be required depending on the size of your property.
Because smoke rises, it's better to place smoke detectors high up,
generally on the ceilings. it should be installed at least 20 inches or 50cm

05 away from the corner of the wall check. Additionally, interconnecting all
smoke alarms will give you with more effective protection.

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

SMART SOLAR

2 WATER HEATER

WRITTEN BY AHMAD FARITH BIN AHMAD SANUSI

Smart Solar Water Heater with Evacuated Glass Tube and Grade 316 Stainless
Steel Pressurized Tank is the most recent technology. Smart Solar uses a smart

controller that can automatically turn on the backup heater when the
temperature in the tank falls below a certain level. It also has the ability to be

controlled remotely through smartphones.

Application system

The smart solar water heater is a The system is typically installed on a
device that heats water by capturing roof or open ground, with the collector
sunlight and turning it into heat energy. facing the sun and linked to a
It can be used at homes for producing continuous water supply. The
hot water that can be used for bathing, Evacuated Glass Tube will absorb light
cleaning, and washing. It is a good on the roof and converts it into heat.
idea to have this if you enjoy hot bath Copper rod inside the glass tube will
especially during morning bath. It can heat the water inside water tank
be a cost-effective way to provide hot through dry contact. Since the tank is
water for shower and bath for your well insulated and heat losses are
family. minimal, the water stored in it remains
hot overnight.

06

INSTALLATION PROCESS

1 Installation of support platform using square hollow section pipe
2 Install the water storage tank on the support platform or stand
3 Apply thermal heat conduction grease to each pipe condenser
4 Install the tube holder
5 Install the evacuated glass tube by placing it inside the tube holder on one

end while the other ends go inside water tank

6 Install all pipe fittings, temperature sensor, T/p relief valve
7 Install stainless steel hot and cold water piping from water tank to house
8 Install cable required from water heater and the temperature sensor
9 Install the smart solar controller near the bathroom

07

BENEFITS

1) Healthier Water Supply

Water does not run through the tube which means that it
has no contact with the copper pipe. If water make
contact with copper pipe, it could lead to copper
toxicity(Best Water Solutions, 2019).

2) Less Fitting

Normal solar water heater requires a lot of fittings. This
causes a leakage of water will likely occur as the year goes
by. Smart solar water heater does not have water flowing
through the tube. It means that there will be no water
leakage going to happen as the time goes by.

3) Optimal Heating System

Smart solar employs Evacuated Tube System technology, which
specialises in the 'Thermos Effect.' It means that users will have
access to hot or warm water regardless of the climate or weather.
It also has a high heat retention capacity, allowing you to keep the
temperature of your tank water at the desired level.

P Higher Cost Mold And Moist Built-Up
R Since the material used is
O much better that normal solar If the solar panel is installed flat
B water heater, the price for on the ground instead of at
inclining angle, it is easy for dust
smart solar water heater is to build up. Since our country
receives a lot of sunlight and rain,
L higher. This is because the it can hasten the growth of mold
Evacuated Glass Tube and the and moss.

E water tank are made with 08
M efficiency and long-lasting as

the main priority. Other than

S that, the process of welding
and fabrication requires a high
precision machine.

FUNCTIONS The smart solar water heater is a device that heats
water by capturing sunlight. It can be a cost-
effective way to provide hot water for shower and
bath for your family. A solar heater not only allows
for significant energy savings because solar power
is free in comparison to natural gas or fuel oil.
Furthermore, it is a method of producing hot water
for sanitary use all year without emitting any CO2.
The collectors' efficiency is greatest at midday, in
summer, when the sky is clear, and the collectors
face south. However, the collectors also work well in
other seasons when the sky is cloudy for a
significant portion of the day, regardless of whether
they face east or west (Energuide, 2017).

C PARTS OF
EQUIPMENT

B D
A

A. Solar Collector D. Solar Controller

The Evacuated Glass Tube acts as the solar collector It shows the clear display for
and collects sunlight and convert it into heat energy. the temperature of the water.
There is copper rod inside the glass which will act as User can set the desired
the heater for the water without direct contact. temperature of water at the
controller. The controller also
B. Water Tank activates the backup heater
automatically if the water is
This is the place where the hot water is stored. The below the desired
process of changing from cold water into hot water temperature or during
happens due to heat transfer from the glass tube continuous rainy day. This
panel is also connected to the
C. Water Inlet and Outlet Wi-Fi which allows the user to
control the temperature
Cold water will flow through the water inlet. Then the remotely.
cold water will be heated in the water tank. The water
outlet will distribute hot water into the house

09

PRINCIPLE SPACE IMPLICATION

The basic working principle of solar Although the size of the solar panels is
water heating system is thermosyphon generally huge, you won’t have to
process and forced circulation. A solar worry about the amount of space it will
tube structure is installed on a sun- take. This is due to solar panels are
exposed area, typically a rooftop. The usually placed at open and sunny
tube is filled with cold water or a areas (most commonly on a house
chemical such as glycol, which is then roof). Therefore, you won’t have to
heated by the sun. In this system, worry about the solar panels taking too
storage tanks have an inlet and outlet much space in your house. One thing
that are connected to and from the to keep in mind is that all the solar
collector. Solar Water Heating System panel’s components must only be
use vacuum glass tubes which have a installed within your lot.
special coating to absorb solar
energy(Solar Pro, 2020).
The space between the glass tubes is
filled with air, which when evacuated
creates a vacuum that acts as a great
insulator, reducing heat loss from the
inner tubes. The coating on the inner
tube absorbs solar energy and transfers
it to the water. The water on the upper
side of this vacuum tube becomes hot
and thus lighter, causing it to move
upward in the tank, whereas cold water,
which is heavy, flows downward from the
tank to be stored at the bottom. This is
known as natural thermo-syphon
circulation, and it occurs in every tube
(Solar Pro, 2020).

BUILDING REGULATIONS

To install a solar panel, you must abide by local laws and meet your electricity
provider’s requirements to connect to the local grid. Then, the location for the solar
panels to be installed must be identified. The rooftop could be common property,
depending on the format plan of the Body Corporate, or it could be part of someone
else’s lot. If the installation site is on common property, it may be subject to an
exclusive use by-law, a lease, or a licence. If your lot is built in a standard format plan
and your roof is built within your lot, you may be able to install the solar panels without
obtaining body corporate approval; however, it is advisable to inspect the By-laws for
the scheme to ensure that Body Corporate approval is not required. The installation of
solar panels, including any fixtures, must not encroach on your neighbour’s roof
space(Aubrey, 2020).

10

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

3 WI-FI MESH SYSTEM
WRITTEN BY NURUL ILYANA BINTI CHE AZIZ

In order to get the most out of
your smart home devices, you

need solid, consistent and
reliable Wi-Fi in not only every

nook and cranny of your
house, but around its

perimeter as well (Wolpin S.
and Charlton A. 2020).

APPLICATION

Wi-Fi mesh system is the wireless network that create nodes among themselves
(Delaney J. R. 2020). It need two or more devices that work like routers. It is built for
all types of homes specifically medium size and large size home to eliminate dead
zones and to provide uninterrupted Wi-Fi throughout the homes.

Mesh system are designed to replace complicated router and extender setups with
multiple identical nodes being placed around the home to create a large cloud Wi-
Fi coverage. It will always be seamlessly and automatically connected to the
nearest node because the node are designed to be used in tandem and do not
built in separate networks.

This will make the network to have faster speeds, greater coverage and more
reliable connection. So, Wi-Fi that comes with this multiple mesh nodes can easily
connect more smart home devices simultaneously without slowing down the Wi-Fi
bandwidth.

11

SYSTEM

The Wi-Fi mesh system only needs to add modem and acts as the
another node if want more coverage for distant router, while one or more
area of the home. Each of this nodes emits the other access points often
same Wi-Fi network, so the network has the called satellites or nodes that
same name and password no matter which capture the router’s signal
node the device is connected to. This means you and rebroadcast it with
do not have to switch networks as you move enhanced signal strength
from room to room (Delaney J. R. 2020). (Pollette et al. 2021). If one of
the nodes fails, it still letting
Mesh Wi-Fi routers systems have multiple access you stay online because this
point (Brown et al. 2021). One point links to the mesh system is smart and
intuitive.

INSTALLATION PROCESS

1 Wi-Fi mesh system easier to set up because it work more like routers. The first
device will replace the main router or connect the first device to the existing
router (Crowder C. 2021). The first device need to place in an open area that
close proximity to the cable modem or existing router as it will be connected to
it using a LAN cable (Delaney J. R. 2020).

2 Once it is connected to the modem, use the app that was designed for the
system to configure it at which point the node will acquire an IP address. Then,
set up the network name and password and ensure it is indeed connected.

3 Space out additional devices based on where the dead zones are as long as
each device is within range of any of the other devices. Usually not limit to no
more than two rooms or about 30 feet (Delaney J. R. 2020). Plug them into an
available power outlet and let them automatically connect to the network.

12

BENEFITS

1. Very Effective

Less connection failure and very effective in sharing internet connectivity
because the more nodes that are added, the farther signal can travel
and the internet connection will become stronger and faster to use.

2. Network Still Working

If there have any failure at the nodes or devices, the entire network still
working. It does not affect other nodes but only the region covered by
particular faulty nodes will be affected. The service will adding new
nodes without re-installation as a whole (Muhendra et al. 2016).

3. Minimize Dead Zones

A mesh network will minimize or eliminate dead zones. The stations
piggyback on one another, so it act like a continuous link no matter
where you are in your home.

PROBLEMS

1. Expensive

The cost for Wi-Fi mesh device is much higher than a traditional router.
This because it need more device to make the internet faster and get full
coverage. So, the more devices needed, the more expensive the price.

2. Increase Power Consumption

Need more node to take full advantages of their capabilities. But it will
increased power consumption for each node. Every node will need to
draw more power than normal in order to operate correctly.

3. Complex

The nodes are complex as they need to have transmit or receive
functionalities as well as house routing algorithms.

13

functions

The network connection is spread out among dozens or even hundreds of wireless
mesh nodes that communicate to each other to share the network connection
across a large area (Tillman, 2021). Only one node requires direct connection for
wireless mesh network. Each node added to the network shares its connection
wirelessly with all other nodes in its vicinity using one of several protocols.

Wireless mesh network was functions when sharing an internet connection across
a Local Area Network (LAN). Only one node in the wireless mesh network needs to
be directly wired to the internet. That wired node shares the internet connection
wirelessly with the nearest cluster of nodes which then share it with their nearest
nodes and so on. That means that each individual node only needs a power
supply such as traditional AC plugs or batteries (Pollette et al. 2021).

The positions of the main devices can be place at the open area while additional
device can be place at the dead zone of the house.

parts of equipment

Modem is a box that connect home network to the wider
internet.

LAN cable is cable that connects to computers, network 14
switches and then from the switch to a modem.

Node is an electronic device that is attached to a
network, and is capable of creating, receiving or
transmitting information over a communication channel.

PRINCIPLES BUILDING
REGULATIONS

A mesh network is a local network Based on Technical Standard of In-
topology in which the infrastructure Building Fibre Cabling for Fibre to the
nodes connect directly, dynamically and Premise (2009), the position for at least
non-hierarchically to as many other one network termination point should
nodes as possible and cooperate with be identified for each dwelling unit. The
one another to efficiently route data to requirement for fibre to the premise
users. Every node will participate in the divide into two type of user premises
relay of information due to the lack of which are single dwelling unit (SDU)
dependency on one node. and multi dwelling unit (MDU).

Mesh networks can relay messages Building that less than six floors that
using a flooding technique or a routing have note telecommunication room
technique. Routing technique is the such as apartment, bungalow and
message will propagate along with the terrace house are SDU type. While for
path by hopping from node to node MDU type is a building that have more
until it reaches its destination. The than six floors with telecommunication
network must allow for continuous system.
connections to ensure that all paths are
available and must reconfigure itself Terrace house normally Network Facility
around broken paths using self-healing Provider’s pole exists on each four
algorithms. The network will reliable houses between two lines while for
because there is more than one path bungalow normally Network Facility
between a source and a destination in a Provider’s pole exists on each two
network. houses. At the headstream of each row
there has manhole resource which for
This network can be in two categories underground cable from Central Office
which are wired mesh and wireless (CO) to aerial cable through closure in
mesh. For wired mesh, it is shortest path it. For MDU, the premise come with
bridging that allows Ethernet switches to subscriber distribution frame room
be connected in a mesh topology. It (SDF) located at the basement of the
also allows all paths to be active building.
(Ashwood-Smith, 2011). For wireless
mesh, it is a network made up of radio
nodes that organized in a mesh
topology (Toh, 2002).

15

SPECIAL SERVICE SYSTEM

SMART

4 SURVEILLANCE CAMERA

WRITTEN BY MUHAMMAD NAQIUDDIN BIN MOHD ROBI

APPLICATION SYSTEM

A smart surveillance camera Smart surveillance systems are
is a video recording device easy to use and are a cost-
that captures footage and effective and adaptable

monitors activity in and solution to monitor around the
around the house. The house. Closed-circuit television
homeowner can watch a live
camera feed and receive (CCTV) technology, which
alerts messages on a utilises video cameras that
smartphone, tablet, or broadcast signals to a specified
computer from anywhere restricted set of displays, is
using an internet connection, used to monitor the cameras
which is usually connected by around the home. This motion-
home's Wi-Fi network activated device will give an
alert when it detects motion
(Pattison, 2021). and will record video 24 hours a
day, seven days a week, which
is known as continuous video

recording (CVR).

16

INSTALLATION PROCESS

1. Plan the location around 6. Attach the dome body
the house. Make sure that to the mount and rotate it
the location chosen is body clockwise. Tighten
strategic to record the the fixing screw on the
surroundings. fixing plate.

2. Start by screwing the 7. Then, assemble the
fixing plate to the dome Decoration Ring to the
body. Mount.

3. After that, remove the
hard ceiling mount from
the decoration cover.

4. Attach the mount to the 8. The next step is to connect home CCTV
ceiling. Please ensure to system, and make sure it is in range of
mark the locations where the home WIFI and power supply.
all three ceilings go. Drill
the holes on the hard
ceilings and fix it with
three screws.

5. Next, connect the data 9. The last procedure, get surveillance
cable through the center features set up on the devices
hole of the mount to the (smartphones, computers and tablets).
dome body.

17

BENEFITS

1. Provide safe and secure 2. Manage the Footage through
around the house. motion-detection.

The presence of surveillance cameras and a warning No need to look through hours of video with no
board, stating that the area is under surveillance, can relevant action to find the clip you need. From your
mobile, you can look in on your surveillance while
act as a strong deterrent to the burglar, as it is away from home and receive video alerts when your
possible to identify people and track their
movements, using the recorded footages. motion-detection cameras record a new clip.

3. Integrate with other Smart 4. Security Alerts
System.
With the connection to the home’s WIFI network, if
When this smart surveillance system integrates with the smart surveillance camera detects any the weird
other smart system such as lighting and security. For motion when the owner asleep or not at home, this
smart device which is motion-activated will send an
example, the cameras control the lighting and
activate the alarm when they sense the weird alert through your smartphone.

movement.

PROBLEMs

CANNOT CONNECT TO THE NETWORK

The typical problems are network connection. An issue sometimes it being
disconnected, or it might be because the network down. LED indicators are often seen
on Internet protocol (IP) cameras for transferring data over the network, however they
may be buried within the camera.

FALSE ALARM

The risk of false alarms occurs during poor weather or when birds fly above. Common
reasons include camera and motion sensor failure, too sensitive sensors, poor
installation, and manufacturing flaws. It's annoying to get security alerts on your
smartphone that are false alarms.

VULNERABLE SECURITY SYSTEMS

Because of your system's weakness, hackers may find it quite simple to get into it.
Hackers may take camera footage and use it to spy on your actions and life from afar.
To prevent this, homeowners should pick redundant, encrypted wireless and wired
security systems.

18

FUNCTION

The smart surveillance cameras can be accessed remotely on computers,
smartphones, and tablets. When homeowners are not at home, they are often
employed in this technique to keep an eye on what is going on at home, such as
package delivery or other service employees. They can also be used to capture any
security breaches, perhaps resulting in footage of a house invasion with a clear view
of the intruders.

This Wi-Fi-enabled smart security camera allows to livestream system video from
afar and get alerts when the cameras detect any activity. Many cameras come with
infrared or colour night vision, cloud or local storage, and two-way audio, allowing
us to communicate with whomever is on camera.

PARTs OF EQUIPMENT

SECURITY CAMERA

This house uses dome type with day and night vision. The security
cameras capture footage of everything that happens in and around a
house, then sends footage to recorders, monitors, and mobile devices.

CABLING/WIRING

This house is using the most common wiring type Cat5E or Cat6 cables,
which can transfer the large amount of data required at fast speeds.
Structured cabling running throughout the walls and connecting your
security cameras to the server or (Network Video Recorder) NVR will be
a vital component during surveillance camera installation.

NETWORK VIDEO RECORDER (NVR)

NVR can be installed virtually anywhere in the house with connected to
the same IP network. It allows to record and store video on a hard drive,
snap images and transmit them to your computer or remote device for
live and recorded viewing.

STORAGE (HARD DRIVE)

CCTV system needs to be design and configured so that
it retains quality of the video. The storage is essential to

19 store the large amount data of the footage.

PRINCIPLE space implication

Smart home surveillance are typical There will be a few of the security cameras be
wireless cameras that do additional positioned indoor and outdoor of the house.
functions in addition to recording video
and capturing photos. These devices
also have other features such face tag,
GPS & geofencing, communication,
motion detection, wireless design, real-
time remote viewing, cloud storage and
built-in storage & battery that allow for
the monitoring of the home's condition
even when the homeowner is not there.

A smart camera monitors activity in your For indoor area, the security cameras are
house and transmits footage over your placed at the common area such as living
Wi-Fi network to your smartphone or to room, kitchen, main stairway, or hallway, to
cloud storage for archiving. You pair it see the kids, the pets, or to check on
with a free smartphone app. This is household help like cleaners and repairmen.
where you may both review and edit the For outdoor area, the security cameras are
footage. placed at the front door, back & side doors,
garage & driveway, and yard for capturing
It's simple to set up. These devices are the activities of kids, animals, or trespassers.
usually plug-and-play, which means it
can be use immediately after The security cameras will be installed 8-10
downloading the app. Simply follow the feet from the ground and the cameras is not
service provider's instructions. By placing directly at the sun away from window
the smart cameras in strategic locations because it will make the glare and high
around the house, this ensures that contrast in the footage. This height is just
burglars would not be able to take right for capturing details while also keeping
advantage of any blind places. thieves and vandals easy to reach.

BUILDING REGULATIONS

The home smart surveillance system that to be implant in the buildings 20
must be apply the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the
Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA18) incase this system captures images of
people outside the boundary of private domestic property. This guidance
refers to them as the data protection laws. Regardless of whether the use
of CCTV systems is permissible under data protection regulations, the
ICO encourages that they be used properly to protect the privacy of
others.

5 MECHANICAL VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

SMART AIR CONDITIONER

WRITTEN BY MOHAMAD LUQMAN HAKIM BIN MOHD ADNAN ALI

APPLICATION SYSTEM

Applying the control strategies can be Since 2010, smartphones, tablets, cloud
more economical and efficient method. computing, and 4th generation (4G)
Energy efficient control strategies for connectivity have been widely used,
controlling variable speed pumps in an resulting in an information revolution.
air conditioner are illustrated by Ma & These revolutionary technologies were
Wang (2009). The results indicate that also utilized for air conditioner control,
by applying these control strategies, resulting in additional advancements in
pump energy consumption may be air conditioning technology to become
reduced. A feedback controller for air smart air conditioners. An infrared
conditioners is meant to improve an air sensor for human position sensing
conditioner's energy efficiency (Lin & (Chen & Lee, 2011), meteorological
Yeh, 2007). webs for outdoor weather information,
and wearable electronics for human
According to Zhao et al., 2011, indicated activity and intention awareness can all
that a temperature and humidity- be combined with a smart air
independent control strategy for conditioner. Air conditioners can be
reducing the energy consumption of a expected to adjust the indoor
household air conditioner. Although in temperature easily and precisely,
extremely hot and humid conditions, taking into account human comfort
the strategy can give a higher air and energy saving.
conditioner coefficient of performance
and a more pleasant indoor
atmosphere.

21

INSTALLATION PROCESS

Mounting Indoor Unit Support

1 Drill a hole through the wall to feed the pipes from
the indoor unit to the outdoor unit. Mount the unit 7
feet off the floor and ensure there’s at least 6–12
inches. Then, run the pipes and cables through the
hole in the wall, then connect it to the unit.

2 Vacuum The Air

Bleed the air and humidity from the refrigerant
circuit. Remove the caps from the 2-way and 3-
way valves and from the service port and connect
a vacuum pump hose to the service port. Turn the
vacuum on until it reaches an absolute vacuum of
10mm Hg.

3 Connecting To Wi-Fi Router

Download the app, add and select device which
refer to the smart air conditioner controller and
connect to the USB cable. Then, the LED will blink
about once every two or three seconds.

4 Pair With Remote Control

Synchronize with the air conditioner's remote
control. The app will showing signals are being
received from the remote.

5 Control Setup

After remote successfully detected, the app can
use to turn on or turn off the air conditioner.
Besides, it also can control the certain temperature
and humidity in the room.

22

BENEFITS

1) Convenience 2) Energy Savings

It helps user to manage the cooling unit in This technology can provide energy
the house from the ease of the savings of up to 25% (Prospero, 2021). If
smartphone or mobile device. The user select the specific cooling settings,
temperature may be simply adjusted to a the air conditioner will begin to slow down
moderate level while the user is gone, and as soon as the temperature reached. This
then readjusted to a colder setting indicates that the unit does not need to
immediately before returning home. This use more energy in order to function at full
reduces wear and tear on the system capacity all the times. The energy
because it does not have to run at full consumption data can monitor and will
power during the hours whenever the user assist in keeping track of the quantities
is not there. consumed, and can set limitations to keep
track of the electricity bills.

PROBLEMS WITH

SMART AIR CONDITIONER

Unit Turning On And Off Repeatedly

1 Short cycling is another name for this issue. The air conditioner repeatedly
starts up instead of completing a full cooling cycle. This is a major problem
that might cause the compressor to malfunction. Clogged air filters or
miscalibrated thermostats are sometimes the cause of this problem. It's also
possible that the air conditioner is overly strong for the house (Houchin, 2020).

Air Conditioner Tripping Circuit Breaker Repeatedly

2 Poor air conditioning installation
is one of the causes of this problem. It's not a
good idea to hire the cheapest technician to install the air conditioner. This
problem will apparently happen if the circuit breaker or wiring isn't suitable for
the output of the HVAC unit.

3 Overheating
An overheated compressor is the most frequent cause of air conditioner
overheating. The heat produced by the compressor will accumulate inside the
air conditioner if it is unable to exhaust it, causing the compressor to stop
down (Morrison, 2021).

23

PARTS OF

EQUIPMENT

13
1) Compressor

The function of the

compressor in the cooling

cycle is to raise the gas

2 4 pressure and rotate it in
different parts of the circuit.

FUNCTIONS 2) Condenser Coil

1) Geofencing Its function is to expel the
excess heat from the hot gas
Geolocation (Spurk, 2021) is a feature that resulting from the heat
helps in determining the location of an object absorption in the machete as
or device. Instance, if a user's smartphone is well as the compressive heat
connected to the internet, this feature can be of the gas, and to condense
used to detect its location. This feature in the the compressed gas into
smart air conditioner helps to set its liquid.
performance based on the location, such as it
can remotely turn off even far away from 3) Expansion Valve
home. This feature also enables user to
configure temperature settings for the air Its function is to control the
conditioner based on the distance to the house flow of liquid to the evaporator
or workplace. and to reduce the pressure,
which results in the flow of
2) Intuitive Scheduling fluid flowing from the valve to
the evaporator.
The user may configure the smart air
conditioner to run according to preset 4) Evaporator Coil
schedules for fan speed, cooling mode, and
vane direction. Furthermore, the user may The cooling fluid is allowed to
configure the air conditioner to reach a specific be extended and converted to
temperature at a specific time of day or night. gas, where the evaporative
It can be set to run just when the user returns heat is absorbed from the
from work or a vacation. In the event that the surrounding space of the
user's routine changes, access wi-fi controls evaporator, resulting in the
allow the user to stop or update the schedule required cooling.
from anywhere at any time.

24

PRINCIPLE

The vapor cycle described by
thermodynamics is the essential
operating principle of the air
conditioner (Callen, 1998). The steps in
the vapor cycle are as follows:

Superheated vapor is created when SPACE IMPLICATIONS
a saturated refrigerant is
compressed to a higher pressure Based on practice, at least one feet or 12
vapor. inches of space on each side of the smart
Circulating water or air rejects heat air conditioner required. In addition to
from the system and condenses it adequate space on each side, the air
into saturated liquid. conditioner requires sufficient space to
Through the throttle and expansion circulate air in and out. Furthermore, the
process, the pressure is abruptly lack of space on top of the unit means that
reduced, and the refrigerant mixture the air conditioner is pulling in warmer air,
transforms into a liquid and vapor causing the machine to perform
refrigerant with lower temperature inefficiently. This affects the monthly cooling
and pressure. bill and increases the wear and tear on the
A circulating fan in the evaporator air conditioner.
absorbs the heat of an enclosed
space and expands into saturated
vapor.

BUILDING REGULATIONS

The laws for commercial buildings with air conditioning and HVAC systems were
enacted in 2018. The regulations provide guidance on the following:

1) F-gas

Any community that utilizes or maintains F-gas containing refrigeration products
must comply with record-keeping and air conditioning system maintenance
standards.

2) Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)

All buildings with more than 500m2 of habitable space are required by law to get an
Energy Performance Certificate.

3) TM44 Regulation

Building owners with an air conditioner system with an output of
more than 12kW are required by the Energy Performance of
Buildings Directive (EPBD) to organize regular inspections to verify

25 the air conditioner's efficiency.

CASE STUDY: BUNGALOW
DAMANSARA IDAMAN

Building Name: Storey:

Bungalow Damansara 2 Storey Bungalow
Idaman House

Type of Building: Completed Year:

Residential Building 2010

Developer: Location:

TA Global Berhad Jalan PJU 1a/1,
Petaling Jaya,
Selangor, Malaysia

26

DAMANSARA IDAMAN CONCEPT

"Damansara Idaman is a gateless community area surrounded by greenery and
natural, unspoilt landscape north of affluent Petaling Jaya. There are 3 main
segments: Idaman Villas, Damansara Idaman ('Phase 3"), and Amania. It has a
modern motif, superb interior layout, internal courtyards, outside water elements,
and smart home features. Damansara Idaman has resort-style clubhouse facility
such as an infinity pool, wading pool, jacuzzi, and gym. There are also built with
house automation system, centralized vacuum system, and centralized gas piping.
"It is a gated community with 24/7 security and CCTV perimeter surveillance.

SMART DEVICE FEATURES

With the collaboration with smartzone, “Internet of Things” (IoT)-ready serviced
residences. A comfy design bungalow with luxury smart centralized system. All the
common area lighting control under one platform, no more messy switches and
remotes all around the house.

Smartzone’s smart keypad with multiple buttons
inside are all programmable to the homeowner
favorite presets. For example, master on/off,
day/night mode, auto gate on/off or even controls
manual lighting as per the requirement. This support
by the phone app or even iPad everywhere is it.

With the motion detects programming, the lights will automatically
dim up and curtain will close to give the privacy to user. Motion
detector is just like 24 hours maid, without the need of command,
he knows what to do at different timing. He will get ready and
prepare everything.

By using Alexa, the user can control everything in the house.
What to do is say the command. For example, tell Alexa to
activate sleep mode, Alexa will dim down lighting, turn off
curtain, adjust temperature to comfortable mode and armed
sensor.

27

CONCLUSION

(Kadam et. al, 2015)

The project proposed the concept of Moreover, it may be utilised to provide
smart houses, which can accommodate
a variety of home automation safe and secure surroundings for the
technologies. A smart house combines
wireless connectivity, sensors, monitoring, elderly and individuals with disabilities.
and tracking. Smart homes are a
complex network consisting of several Smart home service is a significant way
technologies and apps that may be
utilised to consider offering security and of real-time interactive reaction between
management of the home. This project
contains the planned elements such as network and people, enhancing complete
sensor circuits, house monitoring and
tracking through IP camera, smartphone network service capability, fulfilling
alerts, and a house navigator.
Furthermore, this project demonstrates efficient advertising demand and
how to monitor and track the home using
an IP camera, as well as how to sends improving service level, and
alerts to the homeowner about activities
in the home. Three microcontroller strengthening info between consumers
system designs were used to create
centralised control for the entire home. and network. Management and energy
These designs were for house access
control, temperature validation, and a utilisation; completed the optimized
control board system that connected all
of the security management circuits. formulation of the hybrid connectivity

mode electric power data gathering

system and formed the electric power

information acquisition device and

system to provide housing people based

on the wireless network and the internet

service hybrid power network mode.

28

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