Gujarati Parisar Abhyas 2 5th

sp„by A¡ kp¥â\d h`fpidp„ Aph¡gu ^psy R>¡. 9.3 h¡`pf A_¡ hpl_ìehlpf

âÐenê$`¡ a¼s kp¡_y D`ep¡Ndp„ gu^¡gu `l¡gu QpL$X$p D`f hpkZ OX$hp gpÁep `R>u s¡_y„
^psy R>¡. kp¡_y Ly$v$fsu fus¡ AÐe„s _fd lp¡hp\u DÐ`pv$_ dp¡V$p âdpZdp„ L$fhp_y„ i¼e bÞey„. Ap
s¡_p¡ D`ep¡N lr\epfp¡, Ap¡Åfp¡ b_phhp dpV¡$ L$pmdp„ kyXp¡m ApL$pf_p A_¡ ky„v$f _¼iuhpmp
L$fu iL$psp¡ _lp¡sp¡. kp¡_p `R>u dpZk_¡ A¡L$ f„Nu_ hpkZp¡ OX$phhp„ gpÁep„. Ap hpkZp¡ A_¡
A¡hu ^psy_u ip¡^ dmu, L¡$ S>¡dp„\u s¡ lr\epfp¡, AÞe rhrh^ hõsy b_ph_pfp Ly$im L$pfuNfp¡
Ap¡Åfp¡ b_phu iL$ep¡. s¡ ^psy A¡V$g¡ "sp„by' S>¡ L$pd_u kNhX$ dpV¡$ Npddp„ A¡L$ õ\m¡ hkhpV$
L$pmdp„ sp„by hp`fhp_u iê$Aps \C, s¡ L$pm_¡ L$fhp gpÁep. Ap`Z¡ A¡d L$lu iL$uA¡ L¡$, Npddp„

lp\¡\u hpkZ OX$su hMs¡ s¡_¡ a¡fhhp kfm b_¡, dpV¡$ ¼epf¡L$ afsp `pqV$ep_p¡
D`ep¡N L$fhp_u iê$Aps \C. A¡L$ lp\¡\u hpkZ_¡ ApL$pf Ap`sp„ Ap`sp„,
buÅ lp\¡\u `pqV$ey„ a¡fhpe. Ap `Ùrsdp„ a¡fapf \sp„ \sp„ QpL$X$p¡ rhL$rks \ep¡
li¡. lÆ ldZp„_p L$pm ky^u Bip_ cpfs_u Apqv$hpku öuAp¡ hpkZp¡_¡ ApL$pf
Ap`hp afsp `pqV$ep_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fsu.

dpV$u_p„ hpkZp¡ b_phhp_p `¢X$pdp„ b¡kpX¡$gp¡ AZuv$pf gukp¡ hpkZ OX$hp dpV¡$
`Õ\f, `¥Xy„$ s¡_p D`f k„syg_ Åmhu Å¡f\u af¡ R>¡. s¡ AZuv$pf afsp `pqV$ep_p¡
`Õ\f_¡ "V$p¡Qv$pf `Õ\f' D`ep¡N L$fsu
L$l¡hpe R>¡. âpQu_ BrS>às_u
ìe[¼s.

"spd°eyN' L$l¡hpe R>¡. Ly$im L$pfuNfp¡_u hõsu_p¡ A_¡ hõsy_p DÐ`pv$_
L¢$Ö_p¡ A¡L$ Mpk rhcpN S> s¥epf \ep¡, `f„sy
9.2 QpL$X$p D`f OX¡$gp„ hpkZ Ap S>¡ Npddp„ L$pQp¡ dpg klS> fus¡ D`gå^
\sp¡ lsp¡ A_¡ S>¡ Npdp¡ h¡`pf_u ×rô$A¡ h^pf¡
spd°eyN_p¡ L$pm _hu _hu ip¡^p¡_p¡ A_¡ kNhX$cep¯ lsp„, s¡ Npdp¡dp„ S> \ep¡. s¡ Npdp¡_p¡
TX$`\u \sp„ `qfhs®__p¡ lsp¡. Ap S> L$pmdp„ rhõspf \ep¡.
\e¡gu AÐe„s dlÒh_u ip¡^ A¡V$g¡ `¥Xy„$.
kh®kpdpÞe fus¡ A¡ dpÞe L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ hõsyAp¡_y„ DÐ`pv$_ dp¡V$p âdpZdp„ iê$
L¡$, dpV$u_p„ hpkZ b_phsu ìe[¼sA¡ `¥X$p„_p¡ \ep `R>u h¡`pfdp„ `Z h©qÙ \C. s¡\u hpl_
D`ep¡N kp¥â\d L$ep£. hpl_ dpV¡$ `¥X$p„_p¡ ìehlpf_u `Ùrsdp„ a¡fapf \hp¡ S>ê$fu lsp¡.
D`ep¡N Ðepf `R>u L¡$V$gpL$ kde¡ iê$ \ep¡ lp¡hp¡ Ap S> kdedp„ `¥X$p„hpmu NpX$uAp¡ hp`fhp_u
Å¡CA¡. iê$Aps \C.

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9.4 _Nfp¡_p¡ Dv$é A_¡ rgr` L$pmdp„ `Z \sp¡ S> lsp¡.

v|$f ky^u a¡gpe¡gp h¡`pf, dpg_u TX$`u

l¡fa¡f A_¡ dp¡V$p âdpZdp„ DÐ`pv$_ L$fsp„ kp„L$¡rsL$ r_ip_uhpmp Mp`fp¡ Mp¡v$L$pddp„

`¥X$p„\u Qpgsu NpX$uAp¡ kp¥â\d d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdepdp„ D`ep¡Ndp„ g¡hpC.

lX$à`p k„õL©$rs (tk^y k„õL©$rs) cpfsue D`M„X$_u kp¥\u âpQu_ _pNfu k„õL©$rs lsu.
s¡ k„õL©$rsdp„_p„ `¥X$p„_p„ fdL$X$p„

DÐ`pv$_p¡_p„ L¢$Öp¡_¡ gu^¡ A_¡L$ âL$pf_p„ L$pep£ dp¡V$u k„¿epdp„ dm¡ R>¡. h¡`pf s\p DÐ`pv$_dp„
\e¡gu h©qÙ A_¡ _p¢^ fpMhp_p¡ h^sp¡ S>sp¡ ìep`
L$fsp„ gp¡L$p¡ A¡L$Ó \ep. “Nf rhL$rks ’ep„. S>¡hp„ L$pfZp¡_¡ gu^¡ ANpD h`fpsu kp„L$¡rsL$
h^¡gp h¡`pf_u A_¡ DÐ`pv$__u L$ped õhê$`_u r_ip_u A_¡ rQŒp¡dp„ ky^pfZp L$fhpdp„ Aphu.
_p¢^ fpMhu S>ê$fu bÞey„. kp„L¡$rsL$ r_ip_u A_¡
rQŒp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N _p¢^ L$fhp dpV¡$ ANpD_p

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âpQu_ kp„L¡$rsL$ r_ip_u A_¡ rQŒp¡_p„ Dv$plfZp¡

s¡_u D`f k„õL$fZ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„. Aphu fus¡ \e¡gp„ _Nfp¡dp„ M¡su k„õL©$rs_u ×Y$ îÙp `f
âÐe¡L$ k„õL©$rs_u `p¡sp_u rgr` s¥epf \C. Ap^pqfs kpd|rlL$ ApQpf A_¡ DÐkh_¡ h^pf¡
9.5 _pNfu kdpS>ìehõ\p dlÒh dþey„. A_¡L$ _Nfp¡dp„ Ars cìe d„qv$fp¡
b„^pep„. s¡ _Nfp¡_u ipk_ìehõ\p_p Ar^L$pf
h¡`pfdp„ kd©qÙ (Ålp¡S>gpgu) S>Nscf_u `Z d„qv$f_p âdyM_¡ Ap`hpdp„ Apìep. ApNm
âpQu_ _pNfu k„õL©$rsAp¡_p Dv$e A_¡ rhL$pk S>sp„ d„qv$fp¡_p âdyM`v$ A_¡ fpS>`v$, b„_¡ `v$p¡
\hp `pR>m_y„ A¡L$ dy¿e L$pfZ lsy„, A¡ A¡L$ S> ìe[¼s_¡ dþep„. S>Ns_u âpQu_ _pNfu
kpQy„. `f„sy s¡ _pNfu k„õL©$rsAp¡_p¡ `pep¡ _hp k„õL©$rsAp¡_u Ap iê$Aps lsu. Ap k„õL©$rs_u
`pjpZeyN_u M¡su k„õL©$rs `f Ap^pqfs lsp¡. krhõsf dprlsu Ap`Z¡ ApNm_p `pW$dp„
M¡su k„õL©$rsdp„_u ×Y$ îÙp _pNfu k„õL©$rsdp„ `Z d¡mhuiy„.
Abpr^s flu. h¡`pf_u Ålp¡S>gpgudp„\u kd©Ù

õhpÝepe

1. _uQ¡_p Np¡mdp„\u hõsy_p kde âdpZ¡ 2. _uQ¡_p OV$L$ L$pmp_ykpf ep¡Áe ¾$d\u gMp¡.
hN}L$fZ_p ÓZ S|>\ ip¡^p¡ A_¡ s¡ k„b„r^s OV$L$
kpd¡ gMp¡. (A) (1) sp„by (2) kp¡_y (3) gp¡M„X$>
1)------ 2) ------ 3) ------

sp (Ap) (1) spd°eyN (2) gp¡leyN (3) `pjpZeyN
íd gp¡ 1)------ 2) ------ 3) ------

lA 3. _uQ¡_u OV$_p_y„ `qfZpd gMp¡.
d° (A) sp„by Ap ^psy_u ip¡^ : --------
(Ap) `¥X$p„_u ip¡^ --------

(A) `Õ\f_p„ lr\epfp¡ ----- eyN. (B) rgr`_y„ op_ --------
(Ap) sp„bp_p„ lr\epfp¡ A_¡ AÞe hõsy ---
4. _p¢^ gMp¡.
-- eyN. (A) ^psy_p¡ h`fpi
(B) gp¡M„X$_p„ lr\epfp¡ A_¡ AÞe hõsy--- (Ap) _pNfu kdpS>ìehõ\p

-- eyN.

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D`¾$d : (Ap) rhrh^ cpjp_p `qfÃR>¡v$ d¡mhp¡, s¡
(A) sdpfp Of_u rhrh^ hõsy_u epv$u s¥epf _p¡V$byL$dp„ Qp¢V$pX$p¡ A_¡ s¡dp„_u Sy>v$uSy>v$u
L$fp¡ A_¡ s¡ i¡dp„\u b_¡gu R>¡ s¡ gMp¡. rgr` Å¡C_¡ sd_¡ iy„ gpN¡ R>¡, s¡ gMp¡.

Ap sd¡ ÅZp¡ R>p¡ L¡$ ?

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fp¡T¡V$p rigpg¡M

fp¡T¡V$p õV$p¡_ _pd\u Ap¡mMpsp rigpg¡M_u ip¡^ B.k. 1799 dp„ \C. `Õ\f s|V$u Nep¡ lp¡hp\u s¡_p
D`f d|m rigpg¡M_p¡ a¼s A¡L$ cpN füp¡ R>¡. rigpg¡M BrS>[àie_ cpjpdp„ R>¡. Ap rigpg¡M lpgdp„
g„X$__p rb°qV$i çeyrTeddp„ d|L¡$gp¡ R>¡. â\d ×rô$A¡ `Õ\f D`f ÓZ cpNdp„ ÓZ Sy>v$pSy>v$p g¡M L$p¡sf¡gp
R>¡ A¡hy„ gpN¡ R>¡, `f„sy âÐen fus¡ s¡ A¡L$S> g¡M ÓZ Sy>v$uSy>v$u rgr`dp„ L$p¡sf¡gp¡ R>¡. kp¥\u D`f_u rgr`
âpQu_ BrS>á_u rQÓ-rgr` R>¡, s¡_¡ "lpefp¡[Áh¼k' (v$¡hrgr`) L$l¡hpe R>¡. hÃQ¡_u rgr` fp¡tS>v$p D`ep¡N
dpV¡$ h`fpidp„ Aphu. s¡ "X¡$dp¡qV$L$' (v$õsph¡S> dpV¡$ hp`fhp_u rgr`) _pd\u Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. BrS>á_u
âpQu_ rQÓrgr`dp„\u s¡ s¥epf \e¡gu. ÓuÆ rgr` "N°uL$' R>¡.

BrS>ádp„ V$pμg¡du (`p„Qdp¡) _pd_p¡ fpÅ Npv$u `f Apìep_u Op¡jZp Ap g¡Mdp„ L$f¡gu R>¡. BrS>á_p
Brslpk_p kp^_ sfuL¡$ Ap rigpg¡M_y„ rhi¡j dlÒh R>¡, L$pfZ ÓZ rgr`dp„ L$p¡sf¡gp Ap g¡M_¡ gu^¡
rhkfpC Ne¡gu âpQu_ BrS>á_u rQÓrgr` hp„Qu iL$hp_y„ i¼e bÞey„. Ap g¡M_u N°uL$ rgr`_p Ap^pf¡
X¡$dp¡qV$L$ rgr`_p "V$pμgduk' iåv$ hp„Qu iL$hp_y„ i¼e bÞey„. ApNm S>sp„ Ń äpÞõhp ipμç`p¡rgApμ_ _pd_p

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A¡L$ ä¢Q rinL$_¡ k„`|Z® rgr` hp„Qsp„ AphX$u. "V$pμgduk' iåv$ hp„Qu iL$hp_¡ gu^¡, BrS>á_p rigpg¡Mdp„
Dëg¡M L$f¡gp„ rhv$¡iu _pdp¡ hp„Qhp_y„ i¼e R>¡, s¡ ipμç`p¡rgAp¡__p Ýep_dp„ Apìey„. s¡Z¡ rhv$¡iu _pdp¡ hp„Qu_¡,
s¡_p Ap^pf¡ rQÓrgr`_p d|mpnfp¡_u epv$u s¥epf L$fu. Aphu fus¡ rhkfpC Ne¡gu âpQu_ BrS>á_u rQÓrgr`_y„
kam hp„Q_ ipμç`p¡rgApμ_ L$fu i¼ep¡.

sp„bp_p h`fpi_p¡ gNcN 7000 hj® `l¡gp„_p¡ `yfphp¡ dm¡ R>¡. S>¡ âv$¡idp„ sp„by vy$g®c lsy„, Ðep„ dp¡V$p
âdpZdp„ sp„by hp`fhy„ i¼e _lp¡sy„. s¡\u sp„bp_p¡ D`ep¡N L¡$hu fus¡ L$fhp¡, s¡_u ÅZ lp¡hp R>sp„ Ðep„ `Õ\f_p„
lr\epfp¡, Ap¡Åfp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N S> h^pf¡ \sp¡ füp¡. Aphp„ õ\mp¡_p Mp¡v$L$pddp„ sp„bp_u hõsy dmu, R>sp„ s¡_y„
âdpZ M|b Ap¡Ry>„ lsy„. Aphp„ õ\mp¡_¡ "spd°eyNu_' _ L$l¡sp„ "spd°`pjpZeyNu_' L$l¡hpe R>¡.

sp„by kp¡_p_u syg_pdp„ L$W$Z R>¡, R>sp„ s¡dp„\u hõsy b_phhp_u ×rô$A¡ s¡ _fd S> lp¡e R>¡. s¡_pdp„ S>ks
Dd¡fuA¡ L¡$ s¡dp„ Å¡Csy„ L$W$Z`Ï„ Aph¡ R>¡. sp„bp A_¡ L$\uf_u rdî ^psy_¡ "L$p„ky' L$l¡hpe R>¡. _hp `pjpZeyN_p¡
dpZk hõsy b_phhp dpV¡$ ^psy sfuL¡$, L$p„kp_p¡ h`fpi L$fhp gpÁep¡, dpV¡$ s¡ kde_¡ "L$p„õeeyN' `Z L$l¡hpe
R>¡. rdî^psy b_phhp dpV¡$ ^psy `uNmphhu `X¡$ R>¡. S>ks A_¡ L$\uf_u ^psy L¡$hu fus¡ `uNpmhu, s¡_y„ op_
dpZk_¡ L$p„ky b_phpep\u gNcN 1000 hj® `l¡g¡\u lsy„.

Apfkp¡ \pmu
gp¡V$p¡

sp„bp_u hõsy - tk^y k„õL©$rs



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10. A¥rslprkL$ L$pm

10.1 k„õL©$rs A¡V$g¡ iy„? s¡ rhrh^ lr\epfp¡ A_¡ hõsyAp¡ b_phsp¡.
dpV$udp„\u hpkZ, HV$p¡ A_¡ AÞe A_¡L$ hõsy
10.2 _v$uAp¡_p MuZ âv$¡i_u _pNfu k„õL©$rs s¥epf L$f¡ R>¡. L$`pkdp„\u kysf A_¡ kysfdp„\u
L$p`X$ s¥epf L$f¡ R>¡. V|„$L$dp„ L$luA¡ sp¡ S>¡ Ly$v$fsdp„\u
10.3 rhrh^ k„õL©$rs : d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdep, dm¡ R>¡, s¡_y„ õhê$` s¡ `p¡sp_u S>ê$qfeps
BrS>às, Qu_, lX$à`p A_ykpf bv$g¡ R>¡. s¡ L$fhp dpV¡$ s¡_¡ L$p¥iëep¡_u
S>ê$f lp¡e R>¡. Å¡CA¡ s¡ hõsy OX$hp `l¡gp„ s¡_¡
10.4 fds A_¡ d_p¡f„S>_ rhQpf L$fhp¡ `X¡$ R>¡. rhQpf, L$p¥iëe A_¡ îd_u
`f„`fp Üpfp A_¡L$ L$gpAp¡_y„ r_dp®Z \ey„. Ap
Ap`Z¡ buÅ `pW$dp„ Å¡ey„ L¡$, S>¡ L$pm_p¡ L$gp A_¡ `f„`fp_y„ op_ âÐe¡L$ `¡Y$uA¡ ApNm_u
Brslpk gMhp dpV¡$ N°„\, lõsrgrMsp¡, `¡Y$u_¡ kp¢àey„. s¡ dpV¡$ \e¡gp h¥QpqfL$ Apv$p_
hN¡f¡dp„\u g¡rMs `yfphp¡ D`gå^ \pe R>¡, s¡ âv$p_ Üpfp cpjp `Z kd©Ù \su NC. rhrh^
L$pm A¥rslprkL$ L$pm L$l¡hpe R>¡. v$f¡L$ âpQu_ L$gpL$p¥iëep¡ A_¡ `f„`fp rhi¡ A_¡L$ `¡Y$uAp¡
_pNfu k„õL©$rsdp„ rhL$rks rgr`Ap¡_p Ap^pf¡ `pk¡\u dm¡gy„ op_ A_¡ s¡ op__p Ap^pf¡
g¡M_ L$fhpdp„ Aphsy„ lsy„. A¡V$g¡ _pNfu r_dp®Z \e¡gu Æh_`Ùrs A¡V$g¡ "k„õL©$rs'.
k„õL©$rsAp¡_p Dv$e kp\¡ _hp `pjpZeyN_p¡
âpN¥rslprkL$ L$pm `|fp¡ \C A¥rslprkL$ L$pm iê$ 10.2 _v$uAp¡_p MuZâv$¡i_u _pNfu k„õL©$rs
\ep¡, A¡d õ`óV$ \pe R>¡. _hp `pjpZeyN_u k„õL©$rs M¡suâ^p_
Æh_ `f Ap^pqfs lsu. M¡su_y„ DÐ`pv$_
10.1 k„õL©$rs A¡V$g¡ iy„ ? kpfy„ \hp dpV¡$ amÖº` S>du__u A_¡ bpf¡dpk
`pZu `yfhW$p_u S>ê$fs lp¡e R>¡. kplrS>L$ S>
dp_h A_¡ AÞe âpZuAp¡_¡ s¡d_u S>ê$qfeps _hp `pjpZeyN_p dp_h¡ _v$u_p L$p„W$p D`f
`|fu L$fhp dpV¡$ s¡d_u Apk`pk_p `qfkf s\p Npdp¡ hkpìep„. _v$uAp¡_p MuZâv$¡idp„ _hp
Ly$v$fs D`f Ahg„rbs fl¡hy„ `X$sy„. `f„sy s¡ `pjpZeyN_u k„õL©$rsAp¡_p¡ rhL$pk \ep¡.
S>ê$qfeps `|fu L$fsu hMs¡ AÞe âpZu s¡_p rhrh^ L$p¥iëep¡_p Ap^pf¡ DÐ`pv$_dp„
`qfkf s\p Ly$v$fs b„_¡dp„ rhi¡j a¡fapf L$fsp„ h©qÙ, `¥X$p„_p¡ D`ep¡N, ìep`pfdp„ Ålp¡S>gpgu,
_\u. Dv$p., f]R> Nyapdp„ fl¡ R>¡. hp„v$fp¡ TpX$ D`f rhL$rks rgr`_p¡ D`ep¡N hN¡f¡ bpbsp¡_¡ gu^¡
fl¡ R>¡. a¼s dpZk Of bp„^¡ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ dpZk _hp `pjpZeyN_u k„õL©$rsAp¡dp„\u _pNfu k„õL©$rs
s¡_p `qfkf_y„ Ly$v$fsu õhê$` L¡$V$gpL$ âdpZdp„ Dv$e `pdu. rhð_p Qpf âv$¡ip¡dp„ kpdpÞe fus¡
bv$g¡ R>¡. Ly$v$fsdp„\u dmsp AÞ_`v$p\® `Z A¡L$ S> L$pmM„X$dp„ A¡V$g¡ Bkhu k_ `|h£ gNcN
s¡ AÞe âpZuAp¡_u S>¡d L$pQp¡ Mpsp¡ _\u. 3000 hj® `l¡gp„ _pNfu k„õL©$rs_p S>Þd
s¡ Aß`v$p\® i¡L¡$ R>¡, fp„^¡ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ S> L$pQp
Aß`v$p\® D`f s¡ k„õL$fZ (âq¾$ep) L$f¡ R>¡.
Aphu fus¡ s¡ rhrh^ `v$p\p£ D`f k„õL$fZ L$fsp¡
lp¡e R>¡. `Õ\f, ^psy, hN¡f¡ D`f k„õL$fZ L$fu_¡

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\ep. d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdep, BrS>às, cpfsue D`M„X$ hÃQ¡_p¡ âv$¡i Ap b„_¡ _v$uAp¡ dy¿eÒh¡
A_¡ Qu_ Ap s¡ Qpf âv$¡ip¡ lsp. _v$uAp¡_p syL®$õsp_, rkfuep A_¡ BfpL$ v$¡ip¡dp„\u hl¡ R>¡.
L$p„W$¡ Ap k„õL©$rs rhL$rks `pdu dpV¡$ Ap Qpf¡ d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdepdp„ Df, Eê$L$, r_à`yf S>¡hp„ âpQu_
âv$¡ip¡_u âpQu_ _pNfu k„õL©$rsAp¡_¡ "_v$uAp¡_p _Nfp¡ lsp„. Ap _Nfp¡dp„ Arsie kd©Ù A¡hu
MuZâv$¡idp„_u _pNfu k„õL©$rs' L$l¡hpe R>¡. k„õL©$rs `p„Nf¡gu lsu.

10.3 rhrh^ k„õL©$rs : d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdep, BrS>às, BrS>às : ApqäL$p M„X$_u DÑf¡ klpfp_p
Qu_, lX$à`p fZ_p `|h® cpNdp„\u _pBg _v$u hl¡ R>¡. s¡_p
d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdep : "d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdep' A¡ L$p¡C MuZâv$¡idp„ rhð_u A¡L$ kd©Ù âpQu_ _pNfu
v$¡i_y„ _pd _\u `Z A¡L$ âv$¡i_y„ _pd R>¡. k„õL©$rs Mugu. s¡ k„õL©$rs A¡V$g¡ BrS>às_u
"d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdep' _p¡ A\® b¡ _v$uAp¡_u hÃQ¡_p¡ âpQu_ k„õL©$rs. _pBg _v$udp„ v$f hj£ Qp¡dpkpdp„
âv$¡i, A¡V$g¡ v$¡pApb, âpQu_ d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdep `|f Aph¡ R>¡. _pBg s¡_p L$p„W$p D`f S>¡ L$p„`
A¡V$g¡ V$peN°uk A¡ ey¾¡$V$uk Ap b¡ _v$uAp¡_u gphu_¡ _p„M¡ R>¡, s¡_¡ gu^¡ s¡_p L$p„W$p_u S>du_

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AÐe„s amÖº` b_u R>¡. BrS>às_p âpQu_ k„õL©$rs_p cpfsdp„_p L¡$V$gp„L$ ârkÙ õ\mp¡ R>¡.
k„õL©$rs_p gp¡L$p¡ W¡$L$W¡$L$pZ¡ b„^ bp„^u_¡ _pBg_p
`|f_p `pZu_¡ k„N°lu fpM¡ R>¡. s¡dp„_p¡ L$p„` _uQ¡ Ap k„õL©$rs_p _Nfp¡_u fQ_p ep¡S>_pbÙ
W$fu Åe, L¡$ s¡ `pZu_p¡ h`fpi tkQ_ dpV¡$ lsu. A¡L$d¡L$_¡ kdp„sf, L$pV$M|Z¡ R>¡v$sp„ fõsp_¡
L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. gu^¡ s¥epf \e¡gu Qp¡fk S>Áepdp„ Ofp¡ bp„^¡gp„
lsp„. A_pS>_p âQ„X$ dp¡V$p L$p¡W$pfp¡, Ofp¡, Ap
Qu_ : Qu__u lp¡ep„N lp¡ _v$u_p MuZâv$¡idp„ _Nf_u rhriô$sp lsu. N„v$p `pZu_¡ hlu S>hp
Qu__u _pNfu k„õL©$rs_p¡ rhL$pk \ep¡. Qu_u dpV¡$ NV$fp¡, O¡fO¡f õ_p_N©lp¡, ip¥Qpgep¡ S>¡hu
`f„`fp A_ykpf lºAp„N v$u fpÅA¡ M¡su, kph®S>r_L$ Apfp¡Áe_u L$pmÆ fpMsu ìehõ\p
`iy`pg_, `¦X$p„_p„ hpl_p¡, _p¥L$p, h÷p¡, hN¡f¡_u lsu. ìeh[õ\s bp„^¡gp Mp_Nu A_¡ kph®S>r_L$
iê$Aps L$fu. s¡_u fpZuA¡ f¡id_y„ DÐ`pv$_ A_¡ L|$hpAp¡ lsp. _Nf_p b¡\u Qpf õhs„Ó rhcpN
f¡id f„Nhp_y„ s„Ó ip¡^u L$pY$éy„, A¡hy„ Qu_u gp¡L$p¡ lsp. âÐe¡L$ rhcpN_¡ õhs„Ó qL$‰¡b„^u lsu.
dp_¡ R>¡. Qu__p gp¡ep„N, butS>N A_¡ Qp„Np_
dlÒh_p„ il¡fp¡ lsp„. dpV$u_p r_cpX$pdp„ `pL$p„ `L$h¡gp„ MZMZ
AhpS> L$fsp„ hpkZp¡ lX$à`p k„õL©$rs_u
lX$à`p k„õL©$rs : cpfsue D`M„X$_u kp¥\u rhriô$sp lsu. Ap hpkZp¡_p¡ f„N gpg lsp¡.
âpQu_ k„õL©$rs "lX$à`p k„õL©$rs'_p _pd\u s¡_p D`f `u`mp_p„ `p_, dpR>gu_p„ c]NX$p„
Ap¡mMpe R>¡. s¡ tk^y _v$u_p MuZâv$¡idp„ S>¡hu ApL©$rsAp¡_y„ ky„v$f _¼iuL$pd L$f¡gy„ lsy„.
rhL$rks \C. Ap k„õL©$rs_p `„Åb_p lX$à`p rhrh^ âL$pf_p f„Nu_ `Õ\fp¡dp„\u b_ph¡gp„
A_¡ tk^_p dp¡l¢Å¡v$X$p¡ õ\mp¡ â\d âL$pidp„ dp¡su A_¡ L$p„kp_u ^psydp„\u hõsy b_phhpdp„
Apìep„. lX$à`p k„õL©$rs_p L$pfuNfp¡ AÐe„s Ly$im lsp.
s¡ hõsyAp¡_u d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdepdp„ M|b dp„N
lpgdp„ s¡ `pqL$õsp_dp„ R>¡. NyS>fps_p gp¡\g lsu. lX$à`p k„õL©$rs_p„ v$¡hu v$¡hspAp¡_p„ _pdp¡
A_¡ ^p¡mphufp, fpS>õ\p_dp„ L$pgub„N_ A¡ Ap ÅZsp„ _ lp¡hp R>sp„, s¡ gp¡L$p¡ dps©v$¡hsp A_¡
`iy`rs_u `|Å L$fsp„ lp¡hp Å¡CA¡, A¡hy„ Ðep„\u

lX$à`pL$pgu_ dyÖp A_ d|rs®

(47)

dmu Aph¡g dpV$u_u d|rs® A_¡ dyÖp_p Ap^pf¡ 10.4 fds A_¡ d_p¡f„S>_

dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. âpQu_ _Nfu k„õL©$rsAp¡dp„ fds A_¡

d_p¡f„S>__p `Z rhrh^ âL$pf lsp. s¡dp„

tkl_p¡ riL$pf L$fsp fpÅ Ly$õsu L$fsp„ dëg

d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdepdp„_p Dfdp„
L$f¡gp Mp¡v$L$pddp„\u dm¡gp
B.k.`|.2600_u Apk`pk_p

Qp¡`pV$ A_¡ kp¡NW$p„.

(48)

dy¿eÐh¡ riL$pf A_¡ Ly$õsu Ap b¡ âL$pf lsp.
s¡ D`fp„s Qp¡`pV$ A_¡ kp¡NW$p„bpÆ_u fds `Z
fdhpdp„ Aphsu.
âpQu_ BrS>àsdp„ "k¡_ps' _pd_u i¡sf„S>
(Q¡k) S>¡hu, kp¡NW$p„ A_¡ Qp¡`pV$ gC_¡ fdhpdp„
Aphsu fds gp¡L$râe lsu. âpQu_ Qu_dp„ `Z

lX$à`pL$pgu_ fdL$Xy„$

lX$à`pL$pgu_ fdL$Xy„$

lX$à`p k„õL©$rs_p„ õ\mp¡_p Mp¡v$L$pddp„\u dm¡gu dpV$u_u kuV$uAp¡, OyOfp, bmv$NpX$uAp¡, `¥X$p„ D`f_p„
Ap hõsy kp¡NW$p„ sfuL¡$ hp`fhpdp„ Aphsu, A¡hy„ L¡$V$gpL$ âpZu A_¡ `nu S>¡hu hõsy_p¡ kdph¡i R>¡.
`yfpsÐhop¡_y„ A_ydp_ R>¡. âpQu_ _pNfu k„õL©$rsAp¡dp„ fdsp¡_u S>¡d
S> k„Nus A_¡ _©Ðe_¡ `Z M|b dlÒh lsy„.
Qp¡`pV$ A_¡ kp¡NW$p„ gC_¡ fdhp_p rhrh^ âL$pf L$p¡C `Z DÐkh âk„N¡ k„Nus A_¡ _©Ðe_y„
lsp. d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdep A_¡ lX$à`p k„õL©$rsdp„ `Z Apep¡S>_ S>ê$fu lsy„. s¡ L$pm¡ A_¡L$ âL$pf_p
Qp¡`pV$ A_¡ kp¡NW$p„_u fds gp¡L$râe lsu. hpÛp¡ h`fpsp„ lsp„. "bpgpN' _pd_y„ A¡L$
lX$à`p k„õL©$rs_p„ õ\mp¡_p Mp¡v$L$pddp„ s„syhpÛ d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdepdp„ âQrgs lsy„. kpf„Nu
bpmL$p¡_p rhrh^ âL$pf_p„ fdL$X$p„ `Z dmu `Z A¡L$ âpQu_ s„syhpÛ R>¡. s¡ D`fp„s Tp„T,
Apìep„ lsp„. s¡ fdL$X$p„dp„ dpV$u_u afL$X$u,

(49)

OyOfp, bp„kyfu, Y$p¡g S>¡hp„ A_¡L$ âL$pf_p„ hpÛp¡
hNpX$hpdp„ Aphsp„ lsp„. BrS>às_p fpÅ_¡ "a¸fp¡'
L$l¡hpe R>¡. rhi¡j DÐkh âk„N¡ "a¸fp¡' `p¡s¡ `Z
_©Ðedp„ klcpNu \sp lsp. lX$à`p k„õL©$rsdp„
`Z _©Ðe_¡ rhi¡j dlÒh lsy„, A¡hy„ A_ydp_
dp¡l¢Å¡v$X$p¡_p Mp¡v$L$pddp„\u dm¡gu _s®L$u_u
L$p„õed|rs®_p Ap^pf¡ L$fu iL$pe R>¡.

Ap`Z¡ AÐepf ky^u `pjpZeyN\u iê$ \e¡gu
dp_h k„õL©$rs rhL$rks _Nf k„õL©$rs_p sb½$p
ky^u L¡$hu fus¡ `lp¢Qu, s¡_u dprlsu d¡mhu.
Aphsp hj£ Ap`Z¡ cpfsue D`M„X$dp„ rhL$rks
\e¡gu lX$à`p k„õL©$rs_p¡ h^pf¡ rhNshpf
Aæepk L$fhp_p R>uA¡. s¡d S>, cpfs_p âpQu_
Brslpk_p¡ `Z Aæepk L$fhp_p R>uA¡.

bpgpN

d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdep_p "Df' _Nf_p Mp¡v$L$pddp„\u dm¡gp kp¡_p_p
"bpgpN'. bpgpN A¡ 11 spfp¡_y„ hpÛ R>¡. s¡_u KQpC kpdpÞe
fus¡ 2.1 duV$f S>¡V$gu R>¡. s¡_p¡ kde B.k.`|h£ gNcN 2650
_p¡ lsp¡. rQÓdp„ v$ip®h¡g bpgpN `yApbu _pd_u fpZu_p
dL$bfpdp„\u dþey„ R>¡.

õhpÝepe

1. v$f¡L$_p A¡L$ hp¼edp„ DÑf gMp¡. 2. V|„$L$dp„ DÐsf gMp¡.
(A) _hp `pjpZeyN_u k„õL©$rs_p¡ rhL$pk ¼ep„ (A) lX$à`p k„õL©$rs_p _Nfp¡_u fQ_p L¡$hp
\ep¡ ? âL$pf_u lsu?
(Ap) lX$à`p k„õL©$rs_p L$pfuNfp¡ L$C hõsy (Ap) _pBg _v$u_p L$p„W$p_u S>du_ AÐe„s
b_phhpdp„ Ly$im lsp ? amÖº` ip dpV¡$ b_u ?

(50)

3. _uQ¡_y„ k„L$ë`_p rQÓ `|Z® L$fp¡.
lp¡ep„N lp¡

_v$u
tk^y L$p„W$p_u BrS>às

k„õL©$rs

d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdep

L©$rs : (Ap) sdpfp `qfkf_p Äe¡›$ _pNqfL$p¡_u dygpL$ps
cpfs_p _L$ipdp„ lX$à`p k„õL©$rs_p„ õ\mp¡ gC_¡ s¡d_p kde_u `pf„`pqfL$ fdsp¡_u
v$ip®hp¡. dprlsu d¡mhp¡.

D`¾$d :

(A) sdpfp `qfkf_p„ rhrh^ hpÛp¡ hNpX$sp„
L$gpL$pfp_¡ u dgy pL$ps gC_¡ hpÛp¡ rhi_¡ u h^pf¡
dprlsu dm¡ hp.¡

Ap sd¡ ÅZp¡ R>p¡ L¡$ ?

d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdepdp„ DR>f¡gu _pNfu k„õL©$rsAp¡dp„\u Qpf dlÒh_u k„õL©$rsAp¡_p„ _pdp¡ Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡ : (1)
kyd¡qfe_ (2) A½¡$qX$e_ (3) b¸rbgp¡r_e_ (4) A¸rkqfe_. Bkhu k_ `|h£ gNcN 2350_p Afkpdp„
A½$X$_y„ kpd°pÄe Dv$e `pçey„. A½$X$_p kd°pV$ ApN®__p hMsdp„ lX$à`p k„õL©$rs A_¡ d¡kp¡`p¡V¡$rdep hÃQ¡
^d^p¡L$pf h¡`pf Qpgsp¡ lsp¡. b¸rbgp¡__p fpÅ lçdyfpbu Bkhu k_ `|h£ 1792\u 1750 _p kdedp„ \C
Nep¡. `p¡sp_u âÅ_¡ g¡rMs õhê$`dp„ kyìeh[õ\s Lpev$p¡ Ap`_pf s¡ S>Ns_p¡ `l¡gp¡ fpÅ lsp¡.

âpQu_ BrS>às_p gp¡L$p¡A¡ kpÝe L$f¡gu bpbsp¡dp„\u rhi¡j bpbs A¡V$g¡ s¡d_y„ hpõsyipö. Ðep„_p r`fprdX$p¡
A_¡ d„qv$fp¡_u cìesp s¡_p kpnu R>¡. s¡dZ¡ Bdpfsp¡ bp„^hp dpV¡$ dy¿eÒh¡ dpV$u_u L$pQu HV$p¡ A_¡ `Õ\f_p¡
h`fpi L$ep£ lsp¡. NrZs, h¥ÛL$, tkQ_`Ùrs, S>¡hp„ n¡Óp¡dp„ s¡dZ¡ M|b âNrs L$fu lsu. Ðep„ DÑd S>lpÅ¡
bp„^hpdp„ Aphsp„. c|fp f„N_p¡ Ap¡` Ap`¡gu dpV$u_u hõsy_y„ DÐ`pv$_, `¡r`fk _pd_u h_õ`rsdp„\u L$pNm
b_phhp_u L$mp, S>¡hp„ n¡Óp¡dp„ `Z Ðep„ rhi¡j âNrs \C lsu.

(51)

lX$à`p A_¡ dp¡l¢Å¡v$X$p¡ Ap b„_¡ õ\mp¡_y„ Mp¡v$L$pd B.k. 1921-22dp„ iê$ \ey„ A_¡ lX$à`p k„õL©$rs_u ip¡^
\C. Mp¡v$L$pddp„ lX$à`p_u k„õL©$rs â\d âL$pidp„ Aphu, dpV¡$ s¡_¡ "lX$à`p k„õL©$rs' _pd Ap`hpdp„ Apìey„.

tk^y _v$u_p MuZâv$¡idp„\u lX$à`p k„õL©$rs_u rgr`dp„ gM¡gp g¡M D`gå^ lp¡hp R>sp„, s¡_y„ hp„Q_
L$fhpdp„ lÆ kamsp dmu _\u. s¡\u s¡ g¡Mp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N s¡ k„õL©$rs_p¡ Brslpk ÅZhp dpV¡$ L$fu iL$psp¡ _\u.
lX$à`p k„õL©$rs_u `p¡sp_u A¡L$ rhL$rks rgr` lsu A_¡ AÞe _pNfu k„õL©$rsAp¡_p S> L$pmdp„ s¡ A[õsÒhdp„
lsu, s¡ Ýep_dp„ fpMu_¡ s¡ k„õL©$rs_p L$pm_¡ cpfsue D`M„X$_p¡ "Brslpk `|h® L$pm' L$l¡hpe R>¡.

lX$à`p rgr`dp„_p g¡M

L¡$V$guL$ âpQu_ _Nf k„õL©$rsAp¡_u rhriô$sp
1._v$uAp¡_p L$p„W$p_u M¡suâ^p_ [õ\f hkplsp¡. 2) sp„bp_u A_¡ L$p„kp_u ^psy_p¡ h`fpi. 3) rhL$rks
s„Óop_ A_¡ rhi¡j ìephkpreL$ L$p¥iëep¡ D`f Ap^pqfs ìehkpe. 4) `pZu_u hl¢QZu L$fsu dÝehs}
e„ÓZp, rhL$rks tkQ_ `Ùrs. 5) _Nf_p fl¡hpkuAp¡_u S>ê$qfeps L$fsp„ h^pf¡ M¡su_y„ A_¡ AÞe hõsy_y„
DÐ`pv$_ 6) rhL$rks rgr` D`f Ap^pqfs g¡M_L$gp. 7) v|$f ky^u a¡gpe¡gp¡ h¡`pf A_¡ rhL$rks hpl_
ìehlpf-âpZuAp¡ Üpfp M¢Qhpdp„ Aphsp„ `¥X$p„hpmp„ hpl_p¡, S>mdpN®_p¡ D`ep¡N. 8) kyìeh[õ\s _NffQ_p
- k„fnL$ qL$ëgpb„^u, afkb„^u fõsp. Ar^L$pfuAp¡ A_¡ kpdpÞe gp¡L$p¡_u Sy>v$uSy>v$u hkplsp¡. 9) rhL$rks
hpõsyipö A_¡ rië`L$gp NrZs, MNp¡mipö A_¡ h¥ÛL$ S>¡hp„ ipöp¡_p¡ rhL$pk.



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छत्रपती शिवाजी
महाराज स्तमृ िग्रंथ

• सामान्य रयतचे ्या कल्याणासाठी स्थापन
केलेल्या स्वराज्य स्थापनचे ी कथा
उलगडणारे पुस्तक.

• छत्रपती शिवाजी महाराजांच्या उत्तुंग कार्य
व त्यामागची तवे ढीच उत्तुंग व उदात्त
भमू िका वाचकांसमोर आणणारे प्ेरर णादायी
वाचन साहित्य.

• इतिहास वाचनासाठी पूरक असे संदर्भ
पसु ्तक.

• इतिहास वाचनासाठी परू क अशी सदं र्भ पुस्तके.
• निवडक लेखक, इतिहासकारांचे प्रेरणादायी लखे .

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